Nitrogen fertilizer use is generally restricted in bermudagrass/white clover forage systems because it stimulates grass growth and increases competition with the clover, compromising forage nutritive value and prospective forage accumulation. Enhanced efficiency fertilizer N products hold potential to improve white clover persistence in bermudagrass/clover pastures while providing supplemental N required

Sustainable success of the Northern High Plains (NHP) crop and livestock industry is limited by market accessibility, infertile soils, short growing seasons, and availability of high nutritive value, low-cost feed. Adoption of the tropical legume, Crotalaria juncea L. (commonly known as sunn hemp), into NHP cropping systems could improve the sustainability of the rotation by fitting into summer growing

Natural populations of plants may express plastic response, evolve local adaptation or combine both mechanisms to enhance their genetic variation. Here, 79 lines from Tunisian Brachypodium hybridum populations were cultivated in two contrasting phosphorus availability levels and their genetic variation was investigated using forage quality traits to identify the mechanisms governing their genetic variation

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) demand in Bangladesh has increased significantly in recent years, becoming the second major staple cereal after rice (Oryza sativa L.). Domestic production of wheat accounts for only 16% of domestic use. More than 30 wheat varieties have been released in the past 30 yr by the Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI). In the last 10 yr alone, nine varieties

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising candidate species for sustainable biofuel feedstock production on marginal land. Soil salinity is one of the significant factors that limits sustainable agricultural production worldwide including a substantial reduction in biomass yield of switchgrass. This study was designed to assess genetic variation in lowland switchgrass and identify genomic regions

Cultivated sunflowers display variable degrees of achene dormancy at harvest and persistence during storage, interfering with high-quality hybrid seed production. Information on intraspecific variability for dormancy among cultivated sunflowers is scarce and was the subject of this work. A set of 21 sunflower genotypes of diverse origins (18 crop and 3 wild) was used for phenotyping dormancy traits

Sunflower seed industry needs non-dormant seeds (i.e., seeds with the capacity to germinate in a wide range of environmental conditions) for processing and packaging. Thus, the presence of persistent seed dormancy is an undesirable trait. Dormancy level depends on the genotype and on the maternal environment. The aim of the present work was to study, in a wide range of sunflower genotypes, the effect

In sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], development of male-sterile versions (A-lines) of the seed parents (B-lines) is a tedious and time-consuming process limiting opportunities for the improvement of new seed parents. Assessment of the value of a potential new seed parent requires testcross hybrid evaluations, but because of male fertility of these lines, conventional methods are inadequate to

Long-term selection in maize (Zea mays L.) favored single-stalked phenotypes limiting vegetative growth. However, reduced plant densities create conducive environments to the expression of vegetative branches called tillers. Tiller expression has motivated discussions about its yield effect in variable environments, but tiller research is lacking for modern corn genotypes. The objectives of this study

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of deep application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and straw incorporation on grain yield and quality, nutrient accumulation, and root morphological and physiological traits in both rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars during 2019 and 2020. The experimental treatments were comprised of deep N fertilization with (DF+S) and without straw incorporation

The development of aluminum (Al)-tolerant cultivars is a complementary strategy to overcome the constraints caused by Al toxicity on acid soils and can contribute positively to the food supply for the growing global population. A major Al tolerance quantitative trait locus in maize is controlled by a citrate transporter encoded by ZmMATE1. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of the superior allele

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important crop that is highly drought tolerant, but susceptible to low temperatures. Many studies have begun to explore the genetic basis of variation in chilling sensitivity in the sorghum germplasm in an effort to improve sorghum's chilling tolerance. However, differences in genetic maps and updates to the sorghum reference genome have made comparing studies of chilling

The quality of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain is determined by several factors that lead to different physical, chemical, and/or rheological characteristics. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of the type of cultivar quality and agricultural region of production on parameters that define the commercial and industrial quality of wheat. A total of 3,486 wheat samples were collected from producer

Identification of consistent QTL in both conventional and organic management systems is a prerequisite for improving spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) through marker-assisted selection. The objectives of the present study were to continue investigating the effect of management systems on agronomic and end-use quality traits, and map associated quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a hard red spring wheat

Investigations of critical physiological traits associated with the genetic yield gain in wheat are essential to determine future crop breeding and management strategies. This study grew 32 cultivars released from 1965 to 2017 for two cropping seasons (a dry year, 2016–2017, and a humid year, 2017–2018) to examine yield potential achieved through efficiencies in canopy light interception, solar energy

A diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) recombinant inbred line population was derived from a cross between Solanum chacoense inbred line M6 and S. chacoense accession USDA8380-1 (80-1) to identify loci associated with self-compatibility and Colorado potato beetle resistance. Individuals from the F4 and F5 generations were genotyped on the Illumina Infinium V3 22K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

Soil sodicity and salinization is a major issues concerning agricultural production in Northeast China. The effects of six treatments, i.e. no−tillage (NT), no−tillage and subsoiling (NTS), rotary and ridge tillage (RT), rotary and ridge tillage and subsoiling (RTS), rotary and flat tillage (FT), and rotary and flat tillage and subsoiling (FTS), on soil physical and chemical properties and yields were

In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], seed oil concentration is a complex quantitative trait and genomic selection (GS) has been shown to be a valuable tool for performing selection on such traits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate multiple GS models for seed oil concentration using a low-density marker panel in four bi-parental soybean populations and assess predictive ability of the models

Kernel shape and β-glucan content are important attributes for oat millers. The identification of genomic regions controlling these traits, as well as their effect on phenotype, will enable rapid gain from selection. The objectives of this study were to: i) to identify genomic regions associated with kernel shape in an oat panel adapted to subtropical environments; and ii) clarify the relationship

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 (FOV4) causes high seedling mortality in Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) grown in the western and southwestern U.S. Cotton Belt. The objectives of this study were to analyze combining abilities and genetic basis of FOV4 resistance in Pima cotton using a half diallel mating design. Thirty-six biparental F3 and F4 generations were derived from six commercial

Core aerification is commonly used to manage organic matter and improve soil physical conditions of putting greens. Most methods of core aerification are labor intensive and temporarily reduce the playability of greens. Less invasive cultivation techniques are available, but their specific effects on playability and drainage properties of greens are often less understood. The objective of this study

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) productivity and nutritional status depend on the uptake and allocation of both macro- and micronutrients. Micronutrient deficiencies or toxicities reduce yields and must be corrected to achieve optimal yields. There is evidence that macronutrient uptake and partitioning have changed in modern cultivars, and it is therefore important to know whether a similar change has

Limited information is available on what forage rotations and tillage practices increase forage productivity in the U.S. Great Plains region. The objectives of this study were to evaluate crop rotation and tillage effects on individual crop and overall system productivity. The study was conducted from 2012–2020 near Garden City, KS. The experiment was an incomplete factorial combination of four rotations

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most critical diseases in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The characterization and localization of pathogenic fungal races are essential for understanding pathogen population dynamics and developing resistant cultivars. Here, we discussed the relationship between the diversity of C. lindemuthianum and common bean resistance

Selection of superior clones in sugarcane breeding programs follows a multi-stage process, starting in the first stage with selection of seedlings grown from seeds obtained from crosses. Effective selection of seedlings is important but notoriously difficult. Selection validity is affected by experimental error variation and inter-plant competition effects, and also complicated by the need to consider

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRSR) is a major constraint to soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) production worldwide. Deployment of single dominant Resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Rps) genes are an effective management strategy for this disease. However, due to increasing diversity in P. sojae populations for pathotype, new effective Rps genes are needed. Two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations

Growers across the Southeast USA use a diversity of soybean planting dates, maturity groups, and seeding rates for soybean production depending on their rotational complexity. Studies were conducted across seven North Carolina environments in 2019 and 2020 to determine the impact of planting date (mid-March through mid-July), maturity group (MG 2–8), and seeding rate (185,329 - 432,434 seeds ha–1)

Canola's growth and yield can be enhanced by, amongst others, choosing the correct rate, source and timing of N fertilizer. Limited research exists on the effects of nitrogen (N) source on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth and yield properties when grown under conservation agriculture. This study compared the performance of different N fertilizer sources on canola biomass production, seed yield and

Combining phenotypic and genotypic germplasm characterization is a key of efficient and successful safflower breeding program by identifying valuable and confirmed parents. This study aimed to investigate and use appropriate statistical methods for such a characterization, and to identify potential genetic pools in safflower germplasm that may be useful for breeding program implementation. The genetic

Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, such as phenylketonuria (PKU), are human genetic conditions that result in an inability to metabolize certain amino acids, requiring lifelong maintenance of a very restrictive low protein diet. In the case of PKU this diet does not permit consumption of most maize products, yet maize is a major part of the human diet and especially significant in some cultures

Honeybees are the most used pollinators for onion seed production. Two types of onion varieties are mainly grown worldwide: hybrids and open pollination (OP) cultivars. Although hybrids offer advantages to bulb growers, seed yields of hybrids are lower than OP cultivars. Since honey bees play a major role in onion pollination, understanding the contribution of the floral rewards to bee visitation is

Ionomic profiling of plant tissues aims to understand the role of genetic factors and external conditions in mineral nutrient composition. However, little is known about the time-course changes occurring in these profiles during plant growth. The influences of genotype, environment, and management factors are not well understood. To clarify the variation in time-course data and to identify factors

The productivity of modern triticale cultivars makes them more viable as an alternative to wheat grains in many environments. We tested 51 winter wheat and 18 winter triticale cultivars in 52 locations nested in six regions in Poland. The aim of the study was to check whether the yield of triticale is comparable to the yield of wheat, especially under unfavourable soil and climatic conditions. The

High quality turfgrass requires adequate amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. However, excess N application can increase N losses via leaching and gaseous emissions. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) and humic substances have been used to decrease N losses to the environment. A two-year field experiment was conducted on a native soil with Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) to investigate if

Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Kunth is an annual weed commonly found in paddy fields. Understanding the effects of M. vaginalis on the yield and economics of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is essential for integrated weed management. Here, a field experiment was conducted over two consecutive years (2017–2018) to determine the effects of different densities of M. vaginalis (0, 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multipurpose crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Characterizing cowpea phenotypes in germplasm collections is a crucial step to ensure future breeding efforts in the species. In this study, we estimated variance components and calculated genetic parameters for eight traits in 292 accessions from the University of California

Turfgrass with sand-based root zones, such as golf course putting greens, are highly important economically and require intense management. However, problems are often associated with sand-based root zones such as low nutrient retention and limited microbial activity. Soil additives may increase soil biological activity, improve nitrogen (N) cycling efficiency, and thus reduce fertilizer N inputs.

Replacing N fertilizer with forage legumes may increase sustainability of grazing systems. The objectives were to evaluate herbage and animal responses and to quantify the water footprint associated with beef production in N-fertilized grass or grass–legume systems during 4 yr under continuous stocking. The three year-round forage systems were: Grass+N which included N-fertilized bahiagrass (Paspalum

Silicon (Si) is a ‘quasi-essential’ element that helps plants to overcome various abiotic and biotic stresses. This review summarizes research which examined application of Si in turfgrass management and its impact on plant health. Research on inclusion of Si in turfgrass has largely centered upon three areas: plant disease suppression, improvement in wear tolerance, and reductions in drought/salinity

Embrapa has led breeding programs for irrigated and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) since 1977, generating a large amount of pedigree and phenotypic data. However, there were no systematic standards for data recording nor long-term data preservation and reuse strategies. With the new aim of making data reuse practical, we recovered all data available and structured it into the Embrapa Rice Breeding Dataset

Stimulant fertilization is the supplementary application of low doses of foliar fertilizers to otherwise well-fertilized crops, and literature suggests that it may increase grain yield. However, the physiological mechanisms behind this potential yield increase are not well understood. This study investigated the effect of supplementary foliar N in soybean and maize nutrition, photosynthetic parameters

In breeding of autogamous plants, breeders often deal with the evaluation of progenies derived from multiple populations. We hypothesize that selection strategies that account for the heterogeneous genotypic variability of progenies within these populations associated with the population means may improve progeny selection. Thus, the objective of this work was to use two mixed models with progenies

Multiple SNP associated with seed weight and dimension were identified across 2, 2, 5, 1, and 4 different chromosomes. Three newly identified SNPs were associated with different seed dimension components SNP ss715587475 was significant for seed weight and located within the gene Glyma04g21680: a gene also reportedly associated with seed weight in Arabidopsis

The fatty acid profile of oilseed Brassica carinata has prompted interest as a renewable fuel feedstock due to the high proportions of erucic acid (C22:1) in its seed. In addition, B. carinata produces a sulfur-rich secondary metabolite, called glucosinolates (GSLs), that protects the plant from pests and disease but also reduces meal palatability and its nutritional value. In B. carinata, it is not

Seedling vigor is a desirable trait in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) to improve plant establishment and enhance weed competition. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on seedling vigor traits was performed on a rice panel of 244 accessions consisting of the five major rice subpopulations, aromatic, aus, tropical japonica, temperate japonica and indica using the 7K SNP Cornell-IR

At initial breeding stages, using a replicated check design is a viable alternative to reduce experimental field area as well as financial and operational costs. In this situation, spatial modeling could act to increase prediction accuracy of plant genotypic values. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate how spatially adjusted models can be used to reduce experimental error and how to compare

Maximizing yield is very important when developing new cultivars. However, yield must usually be improved jointly with other key traits, which can prove challenging when they are unfavorably correlated. Genomic predictions can facilitate the selection of promising lines among the progeny of crosses, but it may also help in selecting crosses that are more likely to produce improved lines by predicting

A seed remains attached to mother plant through funiculus which is the only means of communication between seed and mother plant. In general, the funiculus gets detached from seeds at maturity while harvesting and threshing. However, out of about 950 accessions of field pea screened at ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India, 8 accessions were identified to have intact funiculus in

Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) is one of the aphids causing significant cereal yield losses worldwide, and greenbug biotype H is virulent to all known greenbug resistance genes in barley. Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) accession WBDC336 (PI 682028) exhibits resistance to greenbug biotypes C, E, H, I, WY81, WY12 MC, and WY86. To investigate the genetics of greenbug resistance

Rodrigo R. Amadeu, Luis Felipe V. Ferrão, Ivone de Bem Oliveira, Juliana Benevenuto, Jeffrey B. Endelman, Patricio R. Munoz. Crop Sci. 60:656-665 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20075. Under the Materials and Methods section and Statistical Analyses subsection the mathematical notation has been corrected. Where it reads: Using a similar notation to Enciso-Rodriguez et al. (2018), in the A-BRR

Shade tolerance is an important factor for cultivar selection in urban areas. Diploid (2n = 2x = 18) cultivars of St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze) with moderate to high shade tolerance have been popular choices for residential and commercial landscapes in the southern United States. This study evaluated 26 elite drought resistant diploid and interploid (polyploid × diploid)

Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk.) is an important medicinal species cultivated throughout the semi-arid areas in India. The seed coat, commercially known as “psyllium husk,” is used as a laxative for treating irritation of gastro-intestinal tract and relieving constipation. There is an urgent need to enhance its productivity to make the crop more profitable. Artificial crossing is difficult in the species

Balanced fertilization is one of the most critical management factors for attaining high yields. Assessing pod yield and plant nutrient demand can provide theoretical guidance for fertilization management of high-yielding peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Following this rationale, a large dataset was collected from field experiments (n = 313) across the main peanut planting regions of China for a period

Bacterial blight (BB) in cotton is caused by the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), and Xcm race 18 is the most prevalent and virulent across the Cotton Belt in the US. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to Xcm race 18 in US upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as broadly represented by 34 resistant obsolete US upland accessions

To extend golf play in early summer or hasten athletic field preparation in late summer, turf managers often desire to allow perennial ryegrass to persist and compete with overseeded bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) or hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy) during optimal growing conditions. Understanding how competition-free growing degree-days influence bermudagrass

The high quality of sorghum bicolor × s. sudanense seed is an important prerequisite for its application in animal husbandry, and germination percentage is one of the most routine indicators used to test seed quality. This study proposes a method for the rapid and non‐destructive measurement of sorghum bicolor × s. sudanense seed germination percentage based on multispectral image technology. We constructed

The influence of nitrogen fertilization on the accumulation and distribution of biomass and plant nitrogen content in intercropped faba beans, together with its impact on the interspecific interactions between faba bean and wheat has not been well studied. Here, we have used a logistic model to analyze the cropping systems (monocropped faba bean, monocropped wheat, and faba bean intercropped with wheat)

Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is an important warm‐season grass for livestock in the southern USA. To be productive bermudagrass requires supplementary nitrogen (N). This two‐year study assessed whether N fertilization could be halved by introducing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) into ‘Tifton‐85’ bermudagrass monocultures without compromising productivity