Hundreds of experiments involving genotyping and phenotyping of the plants are planned daily by plant researchers worldwide for wheat improvement. There are a plethora of molecular markers available that are being widely used in wheat genetic studies but have their own limitations. Developments in the areas of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics applications have aided in the development

This project aimed to evaluate a novel method for monitoring the health of grazing cattle. The method studied in this paper is based on an unmanned, automatic precision weighing system that can be used on pasture, and which will alarm farmers when animals show abnormal weight gain curves. The project focused primarily on the detection of pasture-borne nematode parasite infections, which clearly reduce

The objective of this study was to evaluate the passive transfer (PT), health and performance of calves fed differing volumes of a colostrum replacer and/or maternal colostrum. Newborn calves were colostrum fed within 2 hours of birth as follows:1) 2L (192.78 ± 11.55 g of IgG fed) of maternal colostrum (2MC); 2) 4L of maternal (387.69 ± 12.10 g of IgG fed) colostrum (4MC); 3) 2L (196.16 ± 11.48 g of

The shape of pig scapula is complex and is important for sow robustness and health. To better understand the relationship between 3D shape of the scapula and functional traits, it is necessary to build a model that explains most of the morphological variation between animals. This requires point correspondence, i.e. a map that explains which points represent the same piece of tissue among individuals

Base editing has the potential to improve important economic traits in agriculture and can precisely convert single nucleotides in DNA or RNA sequences into minimal double-strand DNA breaks (DSB). Adenine base editors (ABE) have recently emerged as a base editing tool for the conversion of targeted A:T to G:C, but have not yet been used in sheep. ABEmax is one of the latest versions of ABE, which consists

The Gran Chaco is the largest dry forest in South America. One of the key taxa of this biome is the genus Prosopis (Fabaceae) which contains several economically important species. One of the characteristics of this genus is its natural capacity to exchange genetic information among congeneric species, generating zones of high morphological and genetic variability at contact points. The study and management

To promote solid wood production, the diameter at breast height, height, stress-wave velocity, surface-released strain, basic density and compressive strength parallel to the grain were measured for 10 half-sib families of 12-year-old Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. trees growing in Thailand. Based on the results, growth rates, correlations among measured properties, radial and among-family variations

Genetic variability in date palm genotypes collected from different regions of southern Tunisia was analyzed using a Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) marker system. Thirty-one accessions collected from three locations were investigated. One hundred and nine amplicons were produced among which 84 % were polymorphic. The PIC value and the Rp values testified of the efficiency of used primers. The percentage

Some passerines incorporate aromatic plants in their nest cups, and several hypotheses have been formulated to explain this behaviour. One of those, the Drug Hypothesis, states that aromatic plants present in nests have positive effects on nestlings’ development through increased immune function. In this study, we aimed to examine if experimental addition of aromatic plants had positive effects on

Nesting success is defined as the percentage of nests that have at least one chick that successfully fledges from them. In this regard, this study was conducted in the Gangetic plain of district Raebareli (Uttar Pradesh), India, to investigate nesting success, resolve factors affecting the probability of nest failure and identify the predominant nest predators of the river lapwing, Vanellus duvaucelii

Tail flicking is a common behavior that can be observed in many bird species. Various studies have investigated this behavior in different contexts such as during foraging, social interactions, or during predator–prey interactions. Nonetheless, there has been no statistical synthesis of results concerning the most commonly hypothesized functions of tail flicking. We conducted meta-analyses of published

Egg rejection is a common and effective defense against avian brood parasitism in which the host either marginalizes or removes the parasitic egg or deserts the parasitized clutch. The ability to recognize and reject a parasitic egg depends on bill morphology, sensory systems, and cognition, all of which are also shaped by other selective processes such as foraging. This begs the question whether specific

In Andean dairy systems, livestock generates a daily income through the sale of milk and cheese but also fulfils other roles which are crucial for rural livelihoods such as the contribution of protein to local diets, the provision of draught power and organic fertilizer, the reduction of economic risk and the accrual of savings. The objective of this study was to compare different approaches to cope

Young bulls of lean continental cattle breeds raised on concentrates achieve high weight gains during fattening but may yield carcasses with low fat cover, which may have negative effects on meat quality. Fattening steers or heifers might be an alternative for these systems, but few studies have analysed in lean breeds the impact of castration of bulls at a similar BW or the performance of females

The effect of feed supplementation (FS) on age and weight at puberty, ovarian follicular population and blood progesterone concentrations was determined in 80 Girolando heifers. Heifers were distributed in four treatments: T1) 8-month-old heifers that received FS (n = 20); T2) 8-month-old heifers that received no FS (n = 20); T3) 10-month-old heifers that received FS (n = 20); and T4) 10-month-old

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of partial and total replacement of corn cracked grain with soybean molasses (SM) on performance and meat quality of feedlot finished lambs. Thirty crossbred lambs (Santa Inês × Dorper, three months old) were blocked by initial body weight (16.8 ± 2.2 kg), and randomly assigned to three experimental treatments. During a 70-d experimental period

Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), leading to severe yield losses. Sulfur dusting is used to control the propagation of the disease, and no specific fungicides have been developed yet. Therefore, identification of genetic level disease resistance in the rubber trees is very crucial. In this study, we describe the whole-genome sequencing

To assess relative efficiency and identify efficient pollen source among maize and Imperata cylindrica for haploid induction, 21 maize and two Imperata cylindrica genotypes were hybridized as pollen parent with each of the four hexaploid, two tetraploid wheats and two genotypes of triticale following wheat × maize and wheat × Imperata cylindrica system of haploid induction. Observations for haploid

Transgenic chickpeas expressing high levels of a truncated version of the cry1Ac (trcry1Ac) gene conferred complete protection to Helicoverpa armigera in the greenhouse. Homozygous progeny of two lines, Cry1Ac.1 and Cry1Ac.2, had similar growth pattern and other morphological characteristics, including seed yield, compared to the non-transgenic counterpart; therefore, seed compositional analysis was

Videos of pigs were analysed using an optical flow algorithm to measure group movement in the four days leading up to and including an outbreak of tail-biting. 8 pens in which tail-biting occurred (Outbreak) were retrospectively matched with 8 similar pens in which no tail-biting occurred over the lifetime of the pigs (NoOutbreak) and videos analysed for the same four days. Results showed an increase

This study aimed to evaluate a correlation between environmental temperature-humidity index (THI), rectal temperature (RT) and plasmatic concentration of cortisol in pregnancy rates of recipient cows in the Amazon biome. Recipient cows (n = 235) were submitted to an estrus synchronization simplified P36 protocol for a Fixed-Time Embryo Transference (FTEF). Rectal temperature of recipient cows and ambient

Pasteurellosis (Pasteurella infection) is one of the most common bacterial infections in rabbits on commercial farms and in laboratory facilities. Curative treatments using antibiotics are only partly efficient, with frequent relapses. Breeding rabbits for improved genetic resistance to pasteurellosis is a sustainable alternative approach. In this study, we infected 964 crossbred rabbits from six sire

Natural and artificial directional selection in cosmopolitan and autochthonous pig breeds and wild boars have shaped their genomes and resulted in a reservoir of animal genetic diversity. Signatures of selection are the result of these selection events that have contributed to the adaptation of breeds to different environments and production systems. In this study, we analysed the genome variability

Using compartmental modeling of digesta kinetics is a valuable tool to ruminant nutritionists assessing and quantifying the site and extent of digestion. To increase the value of one- (G2) and two-compartment (G2G1), age-dependent models, we characterized the repeatability and agreement of 2 software systems for fitting these models. We constructed replicated datasets of fecal marker concentrations

Onion is one of the major vegetable crops in terms of production as well as consumption. In the current research, available onion genetic stock was evaluated to identify male‐sterile lines and produce high‐yielding F1 hybrids for future breeding programmes. A mitochondrial DNA‐based marker was mapped and correlated with phenotypic traits to isolate male‐sterile plants. Based on the floral and pollen

Crop improvement in sorghum has progressed extensively availing the variation available in the primary gene pool of S. bicolor . Crossing further, the yield plateau can be accomplished by bringing in the genes from tertiary gene pool into the cultivated gene pool. Earlier efforts for wide hybridization in sorghum with tertiary gene pool were not successful due to inhibition of wild pollen germination

Most recent studies on Lilium species have been descriptive observations based on FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analyses or phylogenetic studies focusing on only one section without taking the evolutionary framework of Lilium into account. To better understand the taxonomic status, evolution, and karyotype diversity of the genus Lilium, we conducted FISH mapping using 35S rDNA sequences

Atypical dual-specific phosphatases (PFA-DSP) is a kind of special phosphatase in plants, and play key roles in physiological processes. OsPFA-DSP2 is a member of PFA-DSP family, and negatively regulates Magnaporthe grisea responses in when overexpressed in rice. Whereas, their activity and function response to bacterial pathogen stress are still unknown. The results showed that OsPFA-DSP2 was a tyrosine-specific

Doubled haploid (DH) technology is an essential component in producing inbred lines for a competitive maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program. The R1-navajo (R1-nj) gene provides phenotypic marker that insures only variable reliability for seed selection of haploid embryos. Therefore, in the present study we outline a complex protocol for early stage genome size determination that integrates the phenotypic

ABSTRACT Chile has become one of the main global players in seed production for counter-season markets and research purposes. Chile has a key role contributing to the reduction in seed production shortages in the Northern Hemisphere by speeding up the development of new hybrids, cultivars, and genetically modified (GM) organisms. The seeds that Chile produces for export include a considerable amount

ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the world’s largest source of protein feed and the second largest source of vegetable oil. Water restriction is the main limiting factor to achieve maximum soybean yields. Therefore, development of varieties that maintain yield under environmental stresses is a major objective of soybean breeding programs. The HaHB4 (Helianthus annuus homeobox 4) gene from sunflower

The Brazilian Sucro-energy Sector produces both energy, in the form of ethanol fuel, industrial steam and electricity, and sugar. Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira (CTC), the leading Brazilian sugarcane breeding company, has developed a pipeline of insect-protected sugarcane varieties to control sugarcane borer damage. The goal of this manuscript is to present the results of studies with three genetically

Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. produces significant quantity of curcumin and essential oil in its rhizomes, hence can be used as an alternate source of curcumin. The differential expression of curcumin synthase (CURS) genes and subsequent curcumin production varied at the different developmental stages of the plant. The present study focused on the relative quantification of putative CURS (CURS1, CURS2

Cattle international genetic evaluations allow the comparison of estimated breeding values (EBV) across different environments, i.e. countries. For international evaluations, across-country genetic correlations (rg) need to be estimated. However, lack of convergence of the estimated parameters and high standard errors of the rg are often experienced for beef cattle populations due to limited across-country

In order to determine the genetic differences between high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) 7OE + 8* and 17 + 18, HMW-GS 7OE + 8* from a Canadian extra-strong wheat cultivar Glenlea was introduced to Longmai 20 (1, 17 + 18, 5 + 10) by 6 consecutive backcrosses with biochemical marker-assisted selection. The near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Longmai 20 possessing HMW-GS 7OE + 8* and 17 + 18 were

Italian heavy pig selection programs are based on production (average daily gain, ADG; feed gain ratio, FGR), carcass (weight of lean cuts, LC; ham weight, HW; backfat thickness, BFT) and meat quality traits of the green hams (ham weight loss at first salting, HWLFS; and visible intermuscular fat, VIF). In this study, we evaluated whether a selective genotyping approach previously designed for BFT

Two experiments were used to evaluate the effects of using cotton gin trash (CGT) treated with urea and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on feed chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production (Trial 1), and apparent in vivo digestibility, intake and growth performance of feedlot Santa Ines lambs (Trial 2). The Trial 1 used a completely randomized 2×4 factorial design with

This study aims to evaluate the association of body weight (BW) and age on welfare indicators and fear response (tonic immobility (TI) duration and number of TI induction trials) and the relationships among welfare indicators. At 50 and 72 weeks of age, 100 laying hens (Novogen brown) from barn systems were weighed and tested for tonic immobility (TI). After that, a physical examination was carried

The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementation with a blend based on micro-encapsulated carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde added to concentrate in growing lamb feed would affect performance or produce antioxidant and immunological responses. In our study, the blend mixed with concentrate was technically defined as a phytogenic. Thirty female animals were randomly distributed

To improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization in defatted rice bran (DRB) used as animal feed ingredient, the effects of enzyme supplementation and extruding process on the coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of nutrients and nutraceutical phenolic acids were evaluated using growing pigs (initial body weight = 18 ± 1.2 Kg) permanently

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of herbal extract mixture (HEM, Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and foot-and mouth disease (FMD) antibody titers in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 120 FMD type O vaccinated growing pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 25

Heat stress, a common stressor in commercial poultry production, negatively affects growth and intestinal function of broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived yeast fermentation product on cecal microbiome and indicators of intestinal barrier function in stressed broiler chickens. Yeast fermentate (YF) was added to the feed (1.25 kg/t)

The objective of this study was to determine the biostimulatory effect of bull exposure on follicular dynamic traits and pregnancy rate of lactating Nelore cows subjected to a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol. A total of 150 postpartum cows were randomly assigned to either a non-biostimulated or (C) and biostimulated (BS) group. Ovarian follicular dynamics was monitored by using transrectal

The global population depends on fairly a small number of crops including wheat, rice and maize for food and nutrition, leaving a wealth of genetic resources neglected. Owing to ever increasing demands of the growing world, food production must be increased but research evidences suggests that climate change has adversely affected crop yields, thereby impacting whole agriculture. Exploring the potential

Gametophytic self-incompatibility, one of the key characters for production of seedless citrus, is known in pummelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.], mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) and their hybrid cultivars. The allelic variation in Citrus was reported for the self-incompatibility gene (S). However, S allele frequencies and S genotypes of self-incompatible and semi-self-incompatible Citrus cultivars

Equations were developed to predict the equilibrium response to the aggregate genotype in units of genetic standard deviation by using selection index composed of GEBVs. A situation was considered in which four-path selection was executed as sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters. In practice, index selection comprising standardized GEBVs is often

Sexed cryopreserved semen is widely used in vitro embryo production (IVEP) for cattle reproduction in Brazil. However, differences between donor breeds regarding variables related to the IVEP process have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting the efficiency of IVEP using donors of different genotypes and sexed sperm from Gir and Holstein bulls in a commercial program of IVEP

Crop production depends on the interaction of climatic factors and agricultural management, such as nitrogen (N) fertilizer input in agricultural ecosystems. Understanding crop yield responses to climatic factors and N fertilizer supply can help select appropriate cultivars and develop appropriate measures to achieve the high and stable crop yield. In this study, a long-term N fertilizer experiment

ABSTRACT DP23211 maize was genetically modified (GM) to express DvSSJ1 double-stranded RNA and the IPD072Aa protein for control of corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.). DP23211 maize also expresses the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein for tolerance to glufosinate herbicide, and the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) protein that was used as a selectable marker. A multi-location field trial was

Environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, exert dramatic effects on the production, health, and well-being of lactating dairy cows. Heat-stressed cows undergo a series of homeorhetic adaptations that alters cellular homeostasis and nutrient utilization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cooling and dietary crude protein (CP) content on fermentability of rumen

An experiment was conducted to evaluate responses of broiler chickens fed a corn-soy (soy protein isolate) choline-deficient diet that was gradually supplemented with choline chloride to a content expected to exceed usual choline concentrations. A total of 525 one-day-old slow feathering male chicks were randomly distributed to 5 treatments and 15 replicates of 7 broiler chickens each. Broilers were

In most ram breeds, there are annual changes in testosterone serum concentration and semen quality. This study aimed to determine if eCG administration to rams during the non-breeding season improves the reproductive activity. In the first study, we compared the effects of administering three doses of eCG (0, 400 or 700 IU). In the second experiment we compared the effects of administering eCG to rams

The aims of this research were to generate information on agro-morphological variability among 42 bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) landraces collected from major growing areas of North West of Iran. The landraces were grown according to rectangular lattice design in the field across 2 years (2018 and 2019) in the Research Farm at Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan (Rafsanjan, Iran). Observations were

This study describes the genetic diversity and the population structure of 66 popcorn landrace collections in a recently discovered microcenter of maize (Zea mays L.) diversity in southern Brazil. Furthermore, we elucidate their phylogenetic relationships with a diverse panel of 575 popcorn populations from 18 countries of American Continent. The germplasm, representing distinct landraces, was genetically

Myristica andamanica Hook f., an economically and ecologically important member of the Myristicaceae family, is endemic to Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It has been categorized as vulnerable by IUCN and hence, conscious efforts for conservation are required. In the present study, assisted regeneration through nursery raising was standardized. Studies revealed that water-sinking and non-rattling seeds

Endosperm tissue that nourishes the embryo during seed development, upon maturity, nourishes the global population with special reference to cereal crops like maize, wheat and rice. In about 70% of the angiosperms, endosperm genome content is ‘3n’ with 2:1 (maternal:paternal) contribution, as a result of the second fertilization event. However, angiosperms evolution also documents diversity in endosperm

Glycyrrhiza is a widely used traditional Chinese herb with medicinal values. In order to avoid handling a large number of collections with redundant genetic information, it is necessary to construct a core collection with minimal accessions and maximal genetic diversity. In this study, the initial collection consisted of 736 accessions from four species, each of which was analyzed using SSR markers

In barley, D hordein is one of the storage proteins in the grain, which is thought to have a negative effect on malting quality. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology was employed to edit the D hordein gene in the spring barley cultivar, ‘Golden Promise’. Three transgenic lines were obtained but only two lines were modified in the coding region of D hordein. Four new D hordein alleles

Local varieties and landraces are traditional crops that have evolved over time through adaptation to their natural and cultural environment. They are presently regarded as a valuable genetic reservoir, given that most of the genetic diversity of domesticated species lies in these and other traditionally used varieties. The 'Platense' tomato landrace is adapted to the local soil and climate of the