Common rust (CR) caused by Puccinia sorghi Schwein is one of the major foliar diseases of maize (Zea mays L.) in Eastern and Southern Africa. This study was conducted to (i) evaluate the response of elite tropical adapted maize inbred lines to Puccinia sorghi and identify resistant lines (ii) examine associations between CR disease parameters and agronomic traits, and (iii) assess the genetic diversity

The majority of paddy fields in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) are characterized by nutrient‐poor soils. In such fields, tillering in rice plants is severely restricted, which results in a reduced number of panicles and thus a decrease in grain yield. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a quantitative trait locus (QTL), associated with number of panicles and referred as MP3, on rice growth and grain

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is one of the world's hardiest warm season cereal crop and is cultivated mainly in the semi‐arid tropics of Asia and Africa for food, feed, fodder and brewing. It is mainly cultivated for its gluten‐free grains with high content and better quality of nutrients. Pearl millet is a resilient crop that can produce grain and biomass under harsh conditions like

Potential of putrescine (PUT) and salicylic acid (SA) as postharvest dip treatments on maintaining quality and extending the shelf life of lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) fruit cv. Local was investigated. Fruit harvested at commercially mature stage were dipped in different concentrations of PUT (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mmolL−1), SA (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mmolL−1), and control (0.0 mmolL-1) for 15 minutes

Dragon fruit powder (DFP) is a rich source of fiber (15.7%) and phytochemicals (Gallic acid). Commercial dragon fruit use is limited to ready to serve and other fruit products. Because of the large-scale consumption of biscuits on a global level, there is a need for the development of high fiber biscuits enriched with nutraceuticals. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop biscuit from

The cultivar ‘G × N-9’ is an almond x peach hybrid rootstock, the main characteristic of which is resistance to several root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Although its propagation by hardwood cutting in the fall is recommended, optimization of ‘G × N-9’ in vitro propagation is currently needed. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the cytokinins [6-benzylaminopurine

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the variation in nutritive contents in wild-growing fruits of Emblica officinalis . Fruits of E. officinalis were collected from twenty-eight naturally growing populations in different parts of Garhwal-Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. Several fruit properties including number of fruits kg−1, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit volume, pulp

Wheat flour quality is a complex group of traits of tremendous importance to wheat producers, end-users and breeders. Eight flour quality traits; flour protein content, wet gluten content, gluten index, dry gluten content, falling number, ash content, test weight and flour moisture were measured in two doubled haploid populations (Yecora Rojo X Ksu106 and Klassic × Ksu105) at Riyadh and Al-Qassim locations

The responses of different genotypes to an environmental gradient are often nonlinear and nonparallel. Current tests for differential genotypic responses are based largely on linear regression models (stability analysis) or on evaluations of all quadruples for crossover interactions (COIs) from a two‐way genotype × environment (G × E) table if the environments are unquantified. The objective of this

The direct cross-hybridization approach between 16 Aegilops tauschii (AT) and 10 bread wheat (W) lines was carried out in reciprocal directions. W (♀) x AT (♂) yielded no embryo formation whereas embryo formation ranging from 34.09 to 43.33% was obtained in AT (♀) x W (♂) crosses in all 160 combinations. The major bottleneck of low plant regeneration in AT (♀) x W (♂) crosses was cleared by adopting

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for 7 traits of Nellore, to verify how the estimate breeding values (EBVs) of the traits are distributed in different Brazilian states, and to suggest a selection index by state/sex.Heritability (h2) and EBVs were estimated by single-trait analysis under animal model, using the AIREML method. In addition, relationships among animal EBVs

The objective of the study was to determine growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of pigs fed on graded levels of Vachellia tortilis leaf meal (VTLM) diets. Forty-eight male Large White × Landrace finishing pigs with a mean (±standard deviation) body weight of 63.6 ± 0.73 kg (mean ± SD) aged 14 weeks were used. Pigs were allocated to individual pens in a completely

Reduction of crude protein (CP) content in swine diets must be associated with an adequate quantitative and qualitative provision of amino acids (AA). In piglet diets, the fifth limiting AA is Val, where deficiency has been proven to reduce feed intake. In addition, depending on the overall level of CP and AA, diets high or low in standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys will have different branched

The objective was to investigate the effect of split-suckling on the performance of piglets during the first three days of life. Split-suckling implies that not all piglets have access to the udder at all times; i.e. the litter is split-in two or more groups being nursed in alternating order, or only the heaviest piglets are enclosed temporarily; in order to benefit colostrum consumption and survival

The use of antibiotics in livestock farming has been a common practice for many years. As one of the leading causes of antibiotic resistance, posing serious threats to animal health, human health and food security, a change in this application practice is needed. However, antibiotics play a crucial role in disease management and control in animal farming, which highlights their relevance to both animal

Local sheep varieties in Kazakhstan remain currently out of scope of global sheep diversity studies despite their long history and proximity to historical centers of sheep domestication. In the present study we applied medium-scale SNP genotyping to five local sheep breeds for the first time in Kazakhstan in order to investigate their population structure and relation to global sheep diversity. Principal

Livestock populations have been consistently improving in terms of performance and productivity by selective breeding over the centuries. These selection strategies are expected to leave footprints in the genome that are identified as selection signatures. Due to advances in high-throughput technologies, the genome-wide detection of selection signatures has become more widespread in recent years. Such

In dairy production systems, the use of strategies to increase production can be used, however some care must be taken to avoid the loss of nitrogen in the system, which is directly related to the environmental impacts. The aim with this study was to evaluate and the effect of the use of CP levels in concentrate in intensive systems on the productive performance and nitrogen metabolism of dairy cows

The hypothesis that inclusion of a rumen-inert fat in the diet of dairy-origin bulls would enhance EUROP carcass fat classification and tissue fatty acid composition was tested. Sixty bulls (age = 508 days, s.d. 29.1) were offered ad libitum, a barley-based concentrate ration that contained 0, (control) 26 (MEGA1) or 81g (MEGA2) calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids (Megalac)/kg such that the rations

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of genomic prediction using single-trait and multi-trait single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) based on 50K SNP chip dataset and imputed high-density (HD) genotypes for various carcass traits in commercial Hanwoo population such as backfat thickness (BFT), carcass weight (CWT), rib eye area (REA), and marbling score (MS). Analyses involved

To determine the influence of maternal nutrient restriction and rumen-protected arginine supplementation on post-ruminal digestive enzyme activity in lambs, 31 multiparous, Rambouillet ewes were allocated to one of three dietary treatments at 54 d of gestation. Dietary treatments were 100% of nutrient requirements (control, CON; n = 11), 60% of control (restricted, RES; n = 10), or RES plus 180 mg

The reduction of age at puberty in young bulls is an important issue to reduce the growing phase and promote substantial savings in production cost as well as to reduce the generation interval. This study aims to estimate genetic parameters for age at puberty in males (APM), growth, carcass, and reproductive-related traits in young Nelore bulls. Additionally, the direct and correlated response for

Two experiments were conducted to (1) investigate the effects of different doses of dihydroartemisinin (DiHA) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, antioxidant and immune function in weaned piglets and determine the optimal dose of DiHA and (2) investigate the effects of DiHA on growth, intestinal digestive function and nutrient transporters in weaned piglets with intrauterine

A new potential variety of melon (Cucumis melo L.; family Cucurbitaceae) is described here from Rajasthan, North western India. Detailed description, illustration and photo plate are provided to facilitate identification of this new variety.

The selection of genotypes at the early stages is one of the main challenges facing sugarcane breeding programs. The present work aimed to compare classification techniques, namely, logistic regression (LR), k‐nearest neighbor (KNN), random forests (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) against the selection among families of sugarcane via artificial neural networks (ANN) and via a procedure based on

The DP‐305423‐1 transgene elevates oleic acid concentration and reduces polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, resulting in increased oxidative stability. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the DP‐305423‐1 transgene on agronomic and seed traits using four backcross derived soybean populations to provide further understanding of the transgene's

Lawns in the cool‐humid region typically consist of mixtures or blends of cool‐season turfgrass species and cultivars. To maintain a desirable aesthetic appearance and maximize seasonal greenness, many lawns receive supplemental irrigation. Turfgrass breeders have developed superior cultivars with reduced water needs, but the exact proportion of these grasses to include in lawn seed blends to reduce

Fine fescues, taxa within the Festuca genus, are considered some of the most shade‐tolerant cool‐season turfgrasses, but past research from field studies has been inconsistent. The objective of this research was to evaluate variation in Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin, CH), hard fescue (F. brevipila Tracey, HD), and strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra ssp. rubra Gaudin, ST)

The wheat spike mutant 'three-pistil' (TP) exhibits normal external morphology but produces two additional pistils per floret. Much attention has been paid to this natural mutation because elucidation of its genetic foundation potentially paves a way to increase the number of grains per spike for breeding. Our previous studies roughly mapped the causal locus of TP on chromosome 2D. In this study, we

Sustainable agriculture requires a reduction in the use of phosphate fertilizers, but this may affect root architecture and the uptake of other elements, such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). We compared genotypic differences in root architectural traits and Zn and Fe uptake among 112 wheat genotypes treated with and without phosphorus (P) to screen genotypes for higher Zn and/or Fe concentrations. Larger

Pinus cembra L. is a coniferous European mountain range tree rich in oleoresins and essential oils. Twig tips with needles are the most common tree parts used to obtain essential oils. As the whole tree contains volatiles, the essential oil composition from different parts was studied, including twig tips with needles from the bottom, the top and the cone bearing branches, cones, twigs without needles

Fusarium ear rot (FER), caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg, is one of the major ear diseases that affect both yield and grain quality in maize (Zea mays L.), especially in tropical environments. Fusarium genetic resistance is a complex trait, controlled by several small‐effect genes and strongly influenced by the environment. We applied a comprehensive genome‐wide association study

Characterizing non-lethal damage within dry seeds may allow us to detect early signs of ageing and accurately predict longevity. We compared RNA degradation and viability loss in seeds exposed to stressful conditions to quantify relationships between degradation rates and stress intensity or duration. We subjected recently harvested (‘fresh’) ‘Williams 82’ soya bean seeds to moisture, temperature and

1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) extends shelf-life of banana fruit, however, it induces uneven ripening. The strong effect 1-MCP has on ethylene receptors probably condition the fruit to ripen unevenly. Combined application of 1-MCP and ethephon has been reported to alleviate this negative effect. However, limited work reported the effect of the treatment at cold storage. Hence, the present study determined

An investigation was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different MAP films viz., low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-film (25 μ), LDPE-film (38 μ), polypropylene (PP)-film (25 μ), PP-film (38 μ), LDPE-film (25 μ) with pinholes, LDPE-film (38 μ) with pinholes, PP-film (25 μ) with pinholes, and PP-film (38 μ) with pinholes on cold-storage life and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ (Citrus nobilis Lour x C. deliciosa

K. Ann Bybee‐Finley, Steven B. Mirsky, and Matthew R. Ryan. Crop Sci. 56:2775–2790 (2016). https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.01.0046. A mistake was made in calculating the number of seeds per m−2 on a live seed basis for the species in the experiment and resulted in the number of seeds per m−2 being underreported in Table 2. Additionally, the seed weights of the intercropped pearl millet were misreported

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major fungal disease of wheat worldwide. The economic and environmentally friendly strategy is developing the wheat varieties with resistance to powdery mildew in wheat-breeding program. Chuanmai104 (CM104, Triticum aestivum L.), derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat, was an elite wheat variety with high adult-plant resistance to powdery

In breeding programs, estimation of increase in yield based on changes in effective plant traits is of great importance, which can be identified using regression modeling. The regression model refers to the prediction of the value of a dependent variable from the values of one or more independent variables. This study evaluated morphological traits of maize (FAO410) on six treatments of fertilizer

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) is one of the main fiber crops in China, integrated with textile, forage, building materials and soil conservation. Germplasm resources of ramie in China is rich, accordingly it is of great significance to study the diversity of phenotypic characters. UAV near-air remote sensing can grasp farmland information in real time and play an increasingly important role in the collection

Greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] is a destructive pest of wheat worldwide. Incorporation of wheat greenbug resistance genes in wheat breeding pipelines is critical to improve wheat production. The greenbug resistance gene Gb5, originally identified in Triticum speltoides chromosome 7S and transferred to wheat chromosome 7A, confers resistance to several economically important greenbug biotypes

The use of synthetic pigment‐containing products on golf playing surfaces has increased dramatically by golf course superintendents to provide green color and improve stress tolerance. Most turf colorants are synthesized from various phthalocyanine pigments, which share visible spectral properties with green plant tissue. Vegetation indices, such as normalized difference (NDVI), are commonly used by

Crop wild relatives (CWR) of carrot including 64 germplasm accessions of Daucus carota L. subsp. carota, Daucus carota L. subsp. capillifolius, and Daucus carota L. subsp. gummifer, as well as two accessions of another 18 chromosome species, Daucus syrticus Murb., were grown in field trials to flowering under conditions of heat, drought, and salinity stress in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Plant growth

During a century of maize (Zea mays L.) breeding, genetic gain for yield was largely determined by increased reproductive resilience under stress and establishment of sink size (number of grains per unit area). Considering grains as competing sinks with other organs for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) assimilates, understanding plausible changes in the C and N economy and its relation to changes in reproductive

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of phytase (Phy), benzoic acid (BA) and their interactions on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and tibia mineralization in broilers chickens fed standard or nutrient,s deficient diets. A total of 768 one-d-old male chicks were divided into 8 treatments for 42 d. The treatments were as follows: positive control (PC), PC diet with 0.5 g/kg

Columnar growth in apples can have considerable positive consequences for orchard maintenance, but the lack of columnar cultivars producing fruits with desired market quality prevents their broader utilization in orchards. New crossings focused on their breeding are therefore conducted throughout the world every year. Unfortunately, the reliable discrimination between columnar growth and normal phenotype

In arid or semi‐arid regions, deep‐sowing is an effective treasure to ensure seeds absorbing water from deep soil layer at present. However, the existing maize varieties have poor tolerance to deep‐sowing, which is attributed to that few genes are explored and utilised. In this study, 243 IBM Syn4 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) constructed with B73 and Mo17 as parents and 1,339 DNA markers evenly distributed

Potato onions (Allium cepa var aggregatum G. Don) are multiplying or aggregating onions, very similar to shallots and have been historically cultivated throughout Europe. Currently in Northern Europe they are maintained in home gardens and ex situ field collections. Potato onions are primarily vegetatively propagated, however in Estonia, near Lake Peipsi, this species has been propagated by seed since

Poa annua is a remarkably versatile grass species with biotypes ranging from perennial to annual. Despite its recent evolutionary origins, Poa annua can be found as an invasive weed on all seven continents of the globe including extremely inhospitable locations such as Mount Kilimanjaro and the Antarctic Mainland. The molecular mechanisms underlying Poa annua’s versatility are unresolved but thought

Cowpea is a valuable crop for subsistence farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa. Characterization and evaluation of cowpea germplasm collection based on seed yield for genotype by environment (GE) interactions can assist in improving the adaptability and stability across environments. This study objectives were to determine genetic variability in the germplasm collection, to determine the magnitude of GE interactions

The purpose of the study is to investigate the possibilities of integrated evaluation of the variety by taking into account its yield and grain quality in multi-environmental trails. The most important as breeding criteria parameters for grain quality are analyzed as follows: deformation energy, test weight, gluten index, grain protein content, wet gluten content in grain, alveograph curve configuration

Pongamia pinnata, is an important biodiesel plant in India. The seed is an economic part of the plant used for extraction of biodiesel. The reproductive biology of P. pinnata is important for determining barriers in setting pods. The study has been carried out at Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India, during 2017–2019. The observations were made on the floral biology and pollinator

One response to mitigate the impact of climate change on agricultural systems is to develop new varieties that are tolerant to the new range of biotic and abiotic challenges this change causes. This requires access to novel variants of genes for complex adaptive traits. Crop wild relatives are a potentially valuable source of these genes however these materials are often difficult to work with and

The most effective strategy to manage bean anthracnose (ANT), caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is the use of resistant cultivars. There are more than 20 ANT resistance genes that have been identified and mapped in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) chromosomes. Moreover, quantitative resistance loci (QRLs) have been described through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Identification of

The in situ nylon bag technique(ISNBT) is traditional and necessary for the evaluation of ruminant feed, but there are exists some disunity operation schemes. Therefor, we select one way that varying SS:SA to determine the effects of it on feed degradation in the rumen. Eight Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep fitted with permanent ruminal cannul as were used and the nylon bags containing different sample

This study aimed at investigating the effects of oat silage and sex on the growth performance, behaviour and antioxidants accretion in perirenal adipose tissue of organic pigs. In total, ninety-three crossbred pigs (51.8 ± 7.6 kg) from two sexes (entire males vs. females) were assigned to two dietary roughage supplement treatments (control with straw vs. 200 g dry matter/pig/day of oat silage supplement)

Guarana is a typical South American plant, native to the Amazon, with subspontaneous occurrence in Maués, Amazonas‐Brazil, where it was domesticated and cultivated by the Sateré‐Mawé indigenous community. Guarana is an original Brazilian product with great economic and industrial potential owing to the energetic, antioxidant and medicinal properties of its seeds. In spite of its importance, there is

Lygus spp. are major pests of the California strawberry industry and have prompted growers to purchase and use machines called “bug vacuums” to mitigate damage throughout the production season. The aim of this work was to design, develop and evaluate a vacuum to mechanically remove and eliminate Lygus spp. from California strawberry fields at higher rates than existing vacuum systems. Field tests of

In a two-year study grazing, resting and fouling behaviour of cattle grazing on heterogeneous semi-natural/naturalised continuously grazed, fenced pasture areas (sites), were examined using two and nine sites in year 1 and 2. Five vegetation types were identified and mapped out on the sites used in the study:four typical species-rich semi-natural vegetation types (dry, mesic, wet, shaded), and one

New banana plantations of Turkey are mostly established with meristem culture-propagated plants because starting materials greatly influence yield and quality in these plantations. This study was conducted to select superior banana clones from Grand Nain, Dwarf Cavendish and Azman cultivars grown in open fields and greenhouses in Turkey. The study also aimed to determine selection efficiency breeding