This study evaluated the effect of probiotics (Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus coagulans) and Chinese herb polysaccharides (Astragalus polysaccharides, APS) on growth performance, immunity, disease resistance, and intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Specimens of O. mykiss (n = 360; 79.9 ± 2.2 g) were fed for 42 days with different diets containing a basal diet (control, C0)

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB)‐supplemented diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. For this purpose, three experimental diets were prepared to contain 0, 2, and 5% PHB; and each diet was tested in a completely randomized design for 60 days in quadruple groups of 22 fish per tank. The results showed that the inclusion of PHB in the

Fish‐eating birds have been found to consume baitfish and sportfish raised on farms in the United States. Understanding the on‐farm economic effects of such wildlife conflicts is essential for wildlife management agencies to make informed decisions. Lesser scaup, while not widely considered a fish‐eating bird, will consume farmed fish. Baitfish and sportfish farms in Arkansas (the major baitfish and

Holothuria scabra (sandfish) and Babylonia areolata were trialed in two large‐scale co‐culture experiments. Experiment 1 assessed co‐culture in 4 × 400 m2 earthen ponds where Babylonia were cultured in a central pen at a density of 400 individuals/m2 with sandfish occupying the remaining pond space at 1.1 individuals/m2. Sandfish grew from 18.20 ± 6.67 g to 119.03 ± 17.74 g in 92 days and Babylonia

The Australian redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is a freshwater crustacean aquacultured in many countries. Redclaw crayfish are often exposed to saline waters in attempts to improve flavor, to relieve stress during transport, and to prevent or treat parasitic infestations. However, the effect of salinity on the crayfish osmoregulatory process is not well studied. In the present work, we assessed

Bolbophorus damnificus (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) causes significant losses in US catfish aquaculture. Little is known regarding the prevalence of infected snail hosts during outbreaks. To assess prevalence of snails observed shedding Bolbophorus spp. cercariae, as well as snails that were infected but not observed shedding cercariae, Planorbella trivolvis (n = 8,159) were collected from 14 catfish production

This study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract (PPE) on growth indices, intestinal bacteria, and total fungi count of Carassius auratus intestine. Ninety C. auratus fries (11.04 ± 0.22 g) were distributed among 15 aquariums (100‐L) in a completely randomized design (triplicated), and were fed diets containing 0.1, 1, 2, and 4% PPE for 60 days at a feeding rate

Winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, has emerged as a promising candidate flatfish for cold‐water aquaculture and restocking. Here, juveniles were reared for 8 weeks at three temperatures: 10, 15, and 20°C under 24‐hr light. All fish were imaged at stocking and at 2‐week intervals, where growth was measured as changes in standard length (SL) and body area (BA). By week 2, fish reared at

As JWAS moves into its 52nd year of publication, JWAS 52 (1) will be the first fully Open Access issue of the journal. This is a timely and significant change, which was deliberated over a long period by our editorial team together with the WAS Board and the publishing house Wiley Blackwell. Moving to fully Open Access is extremely exciting and I am convinced that this change aligns the journal to

Estimates of aeration energy use in shrimp farming varied from 11.4 to 41.6 GJ/t shrimp (average = 19.8 GJ/t). Several opportunities for reducing energy use in aeration are available. Many farms adopt an excessive yield to installed aeration capacity ratio. Moreover, the proportion of installed aerator capacity in use and duration of aerator operation per day are often more than necessary during the

Arkansas' bait‐ and sportfish facilities are commonly used by various piscivorous bird species, including lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and greater scaup (A. marila) that consume substantial quantities of fish. To mediate this predation, farmers implement extensive bird harassment programs that create additional costs to fish loss, thus research investigating the distribution and abundance of scaup

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) hydrolase (primarily xylanase and β‐glucanase), present in plant protein‐based diets, on growth, nutrient digestibility, and protease/amylase activity of Yellow River carp, Cyprinus carpio var.. Six hundred fish were randomly allocated to four groups in five replicates and fed diets with different NSP enzyme levels

The role of dietary lemon peel (LM) and/or Bacillus licheniformis (BL) on the growth, immunity, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp, Cyprinus carpio was investigated in this study. LM and BL were included in diets at 0% (T0), 108 CFU/g BL (T1), 1.5% LM and 108 CFU/g BL (T2), and 3% LM and 108 CFU/g BL (T3). Fish fed with T1, T2, or T3 had higher weight gain, specific growth rate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary effects of using essential oil from sour lemon peel (Citrus limon) on growth performance, carcass composition, blood and serum parameters, and liver enzymes of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to deltamethrin (DMN) pesticide. Treatments with no lemon peel essential oil (LPEO) and without DMN (control), as well as four treatments

Object counting in aquaculture is an important task, and has been widely applied in fish population estimation, estimation of lobster abundance and scallop stocks, and so forth. However, underwater object counting is challenging for biologists and marine scientists because of the diversity of backgrounds of the lake or ocean, the uncertainty of the object motion, and the occlusion between objects.

The present study aimed to determine the ideal ratios of digestible essential amino acids (EAAs) for pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles by the amino acid (AA) deletion method. A completely randomized design which consisted of 11 treatments and three replicates each was used. The treatments included a control diet (CD) containing 55% of nonpurified natural ingredients and 45% of purified synthetic

In the experimental mariculture of Patagonian red octopus, Enteroctopus megalocyathus, paralarvae rearing showed the highest mortalities. Part of this mortality has been attributed to cannibalism, so we studied the joint effect of paralarvae density and prey availability upon cannibalism in the first 2 weeks after hatching. Three culture densities (1, 5, and 10 paralarvae/L) and three prey availabilities

Plant‐derived products have been suggested to partially replace fishmeal in aquafeed; however, often at decreased growth performance, inflammatory responses, and increased susceptibility to diseases. This study assessed the effects of the commercial phytogenic feed additive Digestarom PEP MGE on the growth, nutritional performance, and immune response of L. vannamei. Juvenile shrimp (N = 540) were

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the substitution of fishmeal (FM) with linseed protein concentrate (LPC) in the diet of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (6.13 g). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated to replace 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40% of FM with LPC, and silver catfish were fed these diets to apparent satiation. LPC had a lower protein

The suitability of inland saline groundwater as a medium to culture juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, was assessed. In the first experiment, juvenile cobia stocked in raw (unamended) saline groundwater at salinities of 5, 10, and 15 g/L exhibited complete mortality after 108, 176, and 195 hr, respectively. The second experiment evaluated the rearing of juvenile cobia (mean weight ~9.23 ± 0.12 g)

Four cross combinations of different YY male and female Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus strains were evaluated for growth, sex, and color segregation. Red color parental strains included blotched phenotypes. The Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) was the only dark (wild‐type) color parental strain. Fish of the same age and cross were stocked in three replicate tanks for four crosses in one

The effect of low salinity levels on byssal re‐attachment behavior in Pteria penguin juveniles was observed in the laboratory. Juvenile pearl oysters were submerged in seawater blended to 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0, 24.0, 28.0, and 32.0 salinity levels for a period of 48 hr. The sub‐lethal salinity level was greater than 20.0 psu. Although salinity levels of 20.0 and 24.0 psu did not affect the oyster survival

Arginine (Arg) is an important essential amino acid required for optimum fish growth. However, its role in plant‐rich diets on growth and the required level in juvenile Hemibagrus wyckioides are currently unknown. This study evaluated the effects of Arg supplementation in plant‐rich diets on growth, feed utilization, whole body composition, blood biochemical indicators and gene expressions of the target

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same

The growth and development of aquaculture around the world ultimately depends on whether it is economically feasible. Most aquaculture producers, scientists, and leaders recognize this and often make a reference in various ways to economics. Economic viability is also frequently included in various delineations of requirements for sustainability. Why is it, then, that the type of information needed

Although many studies have assessed the various effects of garlic on fish, the impact of garlic on steroid hormones has not been studied. In the present study, the effect of aqueous garlic extract on sex steroid hormones, fry production, digestive enzyme activities, growth performance, and survival of Poecilia reticulata were evaluated. A total of 360 P. reticulata fries (0.013 ± 0.001 g) were randomly

The effects of dietary Nano selenium (Se) and garlic extract on the performance of grass carp under different stocking densities were examined. Fish (2.10 ± 0.09 g) were stocked into 18 tanks: fish were fed a diet supplemented with 1 mg Nano Se and 1 g garlic kg−1 diet (Diet1) or a diet supplemented with 2 mg Nano Se and 2 g garlic kg−1 diet (Diet2) and reared at low (LD, 24 fish per tank), medium

Multiple‐batch production is the most widely practiced method of raising channel catfish. Producers are increasingly adopting intensified production practices in multiple‐batch systems by increasing stocking density and aeration rates as a means to improve cost efficiencies. Proven stocking recommendations are required for the efficient implementation of recent developments in multiple‐batch production

Substantial economic losses of farmed catfish to fish‐eating birds such as the double‐crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus, continue to be reported on U.S. catfish farms. An economic analysis was conducted of the on‐farm effects of both the increased expenditures to scare fish‐eating birds from catfish farms and of the value of the catfish that were consumed by cormorants. A survey was conducted

Use of plant‐based ingredients in aquafeeds, especially for carnivorous species, is likely to increase in view of concerns regaridng the sustainability, price, and availability of fishmeal. As mycotoxins are a common problem associated with the use of plant ingredients, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of two levels of fumonisins (168 μg/kg feed and 333 μg/kg) and compared with 0μg/kg

The present study was carried out to evaluate the dietary effects of host‐associated lactic acid bacteria on growth performance, metabolic enzyme activities, and immune response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles. To formulate the test diets, a control (Con) diet was supplemented with a commercial probiotic and three host‐derived bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (EC), Lactococcus lactis I (LC‐I)

The physical characteristics and leaching rates of water‐soluble compounds from shrimp feeds are major considerations in nutrient delivery. Yet, there is limited information on nutrient leaching from feeds or the mechanisms to minimize leaching. This study evaluated the efficacy of various coating agents on the physical characteristics and leaching of nutrients from commercial feeds for Litopenaeus

We evaluated citric acid supplementation (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg) in plant protein‐based diets for juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. In Experiment 1, fish (n = 160; 27.56 ± 2.73 g) were distributed in 310 L tanks (n = 16) for 80 days. Zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and mineral composition (muscle and bones) did not differ significantly (p > .05). The inclusion of citric

Appropriate binders have not yet been determined in pellet feed for amberjack Seriola dumerili juveniles. This study aimed to assess the influence of binders (activated gluten [AG], guar gum [GG], and carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]) on growth, feed ingestion, gastric emptying time (GET), digestibility, intestinal histology, body composition, and blood chemical constituents of amberjack juvenile. Dry

In shrimp, which rely largely on their innate immune system for defense against invading pathogens, the Toll‐pathway has been extensively studied, as it plays a crucial role in innate immune responses. Different innate immune genes in the Toll‐pathway of shrimp, Penaeus monodon viz., Toll‐Like receptor (PmToll), Myeloid differentiation factor‐88 (PmMyD88), and Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated

Sexual differentiation in teleosts is based on diverse and complex combinations of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental conditions during early development can alter gonadal differentiation leading to sex reversal, where the individual's genotypic and phenotypic sexes are opposite. In many species, the mechanism of environmental sex reversal has been linked to the stress axis and fluctuations

A pond study examined the effects of long‐term restricted feeding followed by full feeding on production and processing characteristics, fillet composition, and economics of market‐size hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus. Market‐size fish averaging 674 g were stocked into 24 ponds (0.04 ha) at 17,300 fish/ha. Fish were either fed once or twice weekly for 4 months or once or

The silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus is a major economically important marine fish in China. However, P. argenteus is sensitive to many stress factors and susceptible to injury. This problem could be resolved using anesthesia. We determined the lowest effective dose (LED) of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS‐222) and assessed the longest safe deep anesthesia time and effect after chasing. P. argenteus

This study investigated the effects of cow blood meal (CBM) and donkey blood meal (DBM) supplemented diets on growth and digestive enzymes activity in juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Boiled blood meals (CBM and DBM) were used to substitute fishmeal at 7%, 17%, 25%, and 33% percentage inclusion levels, respectively. A total of 450 juvenile C. gariepinus (8.48 ± 0.09 g) were randomized to nine experimental

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric oxygen concentration on hatching success of artificially incubated alligator eggs. In one study, 216 eggs were subjected to one of four treatments involving two levels of RH (80 or 93% RH) and two atmospheric oxygen concentrations (21 or 28% O2). Hatching success of eggs in the 80/21 and 80/28 treatments,

A 12‐week feeding trial was designed to assess the probiotic potential of indigenous Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and/or Bacillus subtilis singly or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis in an extruded feed for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus ) juveniles. A high fish meal (FM) diet (control) and a low‐FM diet containing an alternative protein blend (30% FM replacement, FM30) were formulated

Sexual phenotype is highly plastic in teleosts and controlled by a variety of species‐dependent factors. In aquaculture, hormone manipulations applied at different life stages are used to control sex ratios and exploit desirable traits such as ornate coloration in male ornamental species. This study investigated the effects of dietary 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT) administration on adult female Rosy

The supplementation of fish diets with herbal medicines aimed at improving growth and flesh quality is an attractive subject in fish nutrition research. In the present study, the effects of barberry root on the growth performance, muscle fatty acids profile, whole‐body composition, and digestive enzymes of rainbow trout were investigated. A total of 306 rainbow trout fingerlings (15.55 ± 0.76 g) were

Evolution of the U.S, catfish industry, forged by dynamic market forces, has resulted in the development of an array of farming practices. This comparative economic study was developed with data from 325 ponds on 38 commercial catfish farms (Alabama, Arkansas, and Mississippi) and provides concurrent estimates of the cost of production, profitability, and indicators of farm liquidity for the most common

Searching for potential increases in shrimp yields, this study evaluated the effects of different stocking densities on water quality and production performance of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared on a biofloc‐dominated system throughout 77 days. The organisms (1.27 ± 0.54 g) were stocked at three densities, 400 (T400), 500 (T500), and 600 (T600) shrimp/m2 corresponding to 500, 625, and

Rearing density is recognized as a critical consideration in fish husbandry: whereas higher densities may increase productivity and reduce production costs, they also represent a potential source of chronic stress and may negatively affect growth performance and product quality. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of rearing density on growth, physiological responses, and flesh quality of cobia

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues

Proliferative gill disease (PGD) caused by the myxozoan Henneguya ictaluri is one of the most damaging diseases affecting U.S. catfish aquaculture. In channel and hybrid catfish, continuous exposure to the actinospore stage of the parasite elicits a destructive branchitis, impairing osmoregulatory and respiratory function. Mortality can reach 100% in severe outbreaks. Despite similarities during acute

The use of novel aquaculture species depends on the determination of their nutritional requirements. This study aims at determining dietary protein, energy, and protein–energy ratio requirements of juvenile striped surubim, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, an economically important carnivorous South American catfish for capture fisheries and highly regarded for fish farming purposes. Juvenile striped

Aquaculture production of oysters has been carried out in the state of Maryland since the 1890s, with limited success because of restrictive regulations and opposition from the commercial wild industry. After revision of the aquaculture leasing regulations in 2009, the Maryland oyster aquaculture industry expanded more than 10‐fold. In 2010, Maryland Agricultural & Resource Based Industry Development

Edwardsiella piscicida has emerged as an important pathogen of channel × blue catfish hybrids cultured in the southeastern United States. With increasing popularity of hybrid catfish and growing concern over E. piscicida, the crossprotective potential of a live‐attenuated E.ictaluri vaccine was evaluated. An immunization bath of E. piscicida (3 × 107 CFU/ml) protected channel catfish against immersion

The akirin gene, which is strictly localized in the nucleus, plays a critical role in regulating antimicrobial peptide transcription, and has parallel functions to NF‐κB signaling pathway in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In shrimp, the akirin gene is expressed as innate immunity in response to microbial infection. In the present study, expression of akirin gene in Penaeus monodon with respect

A preliminary study was conducted to demonstrate fate of the bacterial storage compound poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) once ingested and degraded in vivo in crustaceans. The 2% supplementation of 13C‐labeled Ralstonia eutropha DSM545 containing 75% PHB on dry weight in postlarval whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei resulted in consistent enrichment of two fatty acids (containing 14–24 carbons [C] in

Novel sources of omega‐3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. In the present study, we assessed the response of the fish to a novel algal oil as a source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. Our results show that the palatability of the diets was maintained with high inclusion

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a major challenge for the marine salmonid farming industry. This disease is caused by Paramoeba perurans, which is a parasitic amoeba that affects fish growth and survival. The present work aimed at improving Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) diet formulation as a preventive treatment for AGD. Four diets with different quantitative composition of functional ingredients, such

Aquaculture in the United States has grown at a slower rate than the rest of the world in spite of abundant resources to support its growth. Although regulatory costs have widely been cited as the cause, there has not been a comprehensive attempt to examine cost structures, productivity, and associated efficiencies across various species, production systems, and scales of production in the United States

Shrimp extract (ShE) is one kind of aquatic animal attractant with abundant amino acids. In order to investigate the effects of dietary ShE supplementation on the growth and muscle fatty acid of juvenile red tilapia (initial weight: 12.02 ± 0.02 g), a 62‐day experiment was conducted. The fish were fed six diets containing graded levels of ShE (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) without fish meal (FM) and an

Hormone treatments have commonly been used to skew sex ratios toward desired phenotypes. In sexually dichromic ornamental species, males are often more ornately colored and therefore more valuable. The synthetic androgen 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT) is one of the most common hormones used in this practice. The rosy barb, Pethia conchonius, and dwarf gourami, Trichogaster lalius, are two sexually dichromic

To evaluate the nutritional quality of the Teleaulax/Plagioselmis/Geminigera (TPG) clade species over the conventional prey species of the Rhodomonas/Rhinomonas/Storeatula (RHO) clade for the enrichment of a rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, two strains of Teleaulax amphioxeia (TA), CR‐MAL07 and CR‐MAL08‐02, and a Chroomonas sp. strain CR‐MAL10 from Korean coastal waters were mass cultured in 500 L photobioreactors