There is a demand for proper feed and feeding strategies in the growing sea cucumber aquaculture. The digestive system of holothurians seems to increase nutrient assimilation through the respiratory tree (RT), but digestive functioning in this organ has not been investigated. This study evaluated the enzymatic activity of the cytosolic leucine alanine peptidase (leu-ala) and acid phosphatase, the membrane-linked

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of time in culture on fatty acid composition of copepods Tisbe sp. and Apocyclops sp. For experiments, Tisbe and Apocyclops copepodites were separated and placed in 4-L containers at 5 ind/mL. The fatty acids were evaluated at three different periods (hours) of culture (treatments): T1 = 6 hr, T2 = 12 hr, and T3 = 168 hr. Culture conditions were

The effects of the aquaculture chemotherapeutant Salmosan® (active ingredient [a.i.]: azamethiphos) were examined in Pacific spot prawns (Pandalus platyceros) at three temperatures (5, 11, and 17°C). Post-molt prawns were more sensitive to Salmosan® than intermolt prawns; repeated (3x) 1-hr LC50 values for post-molt prawns ranged from 17 (9.3–31 95% confident intervals) to 40 (25–63) μg/L a.i. while

The supplementary effects of an emulsifier mixture (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate and distilled monoglycerides) were investigated on feed utilization, growth performance, and immunity of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, replacing fish oil with beef tallow. A fish oil containing diet was considered as positive control (PC) and a diet containing beef tallow instead of fish oil was

Chronic exposure to high biofloc total suspended solids (TSS) could affect growth, red blood cells, and generate gill alterations in fish. Red pacu, Piaractus brachypomus, fry (2.7 ± 0.5 g weight) were exposed to different biofloc TSS concentrations with low (T1: 200–300), and medium (T2: 400–600 mg/L) levels and compared to a treatment control (TC) without solids during a 45-day period in 50 L experimental

This study investigated the effects of dietary tea tree oil (TTO) supplementation and feeding patterns on the growth and nonspecific immunity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Prawns were randomly assigned into four patterns. Patterns 1 (P1) and 4 (P4): prawns were fed with a basal diet and basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg of TTO, respectively; Patterns 2 (P2) and 3 (P3): prawns were fed with the

Mud crabs (Scylla spp.) are considered luxury seafood and high market value; hence, mud crab farming is well known in Southeast Asia. However, the prevalence of cannibalistic behavior in crabs thus requires shelter in the culture system to reduce conspecific cannibalism and enhance the survival of crabs. This study aims to determine the suitability of various seaweed species as shelter to improve the

The effect of two different commercial products of Quillaja saponaria saponin extract on mortality of the free-living copepodite stage sea-lice Caligus rogercresseyi were assessed in vitro. Parasites were exposed for 24 hr to different concentrations of Quillaja extracts and then observed until 30 hr in non-Quillaja media. The EC50 and EC90 were evaluated at 30 hr. High mortalities of copepodites were

The objective of this study was to evaluate tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, for the biological control of suspended solids in an integrated biofloc technology (BFT) system rearing red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, and Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four integrated systems were structured with recirculating water in closed circuits composed of separate tanks for each species. The experiment

We evaluated the possible interaction between feeding frequency (FF) and feeding rate (FR) on growth, nutrient utilization, body composition, and plasma metabolites of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (6.57 g). We tested three FFs: two, four, and six times a day, and two FRs: apparent satiation (AS) or restricted regime (RR), following a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement

Cage culture of Etroplus suratensis (Pearlspot) was carried out in Krishnagiri reservoir, India, a highly productive reservoir to analyze the feasibility of growing this species in freshwater cages and to investigate the effect on selected environmental parameters. Fish of average weight 5.98 ± 0.52 g were stocked at 10 ind. m3 in High-Density Poly-Ethylene floating cages (3 × 3 × 2 m) made of nylon

RNA interference (RNAi) was investigated as potential antiviral strategy to mitigate losses in shrimp aquaculture. With this aim, an effective short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) expressed intracellularly from bacterial vectors incorporating eukaryotic promoters offers an alternative to an injected synthetic small-interfering RNA (siRNA) or long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The vector-based RNAi designed to

Topshell Tectus pyramis is a coral reef snail of economic and ecological value. This study assessed temperature and salinity tolerance in T. pyramis and the interaction between temperature and salinity on metabolism. The adaptability of T. pyramis was assessed with mortality, respiration, and nitrogen excretion. This study found that snail (T. pyramis) with body sizes of width 60.30 ± 3.46, 40.12 ± 2

The increasing growth of the bivalve-culture industry necessitates a scientific assessment of the carrying capacity (CC) of this aquaculture system, in order to ensure sustainability. Here, using a marine plankton ecological model and the food balance, bivalve CCs were estimated for aquaculture zones in Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), an important aquaculture center in China. The results indicated that CCs mainly

As kelp cultivation increases around the world, so does the need for farm management strategies that produce specific crop characteristics, optimize yield, widen harvesting windows, and prevent biomass loss. Distal-end trimming of macroalgae has been recommended as a farm management method addressing these needs. In this study, we trimmed cultivated Saccharina latissima sporophytes grown in the Western

This study aimed to evaluate whether polarized light or water turbidity enhances Octopus americanus paralarvae daily feeding rates (FRs) when fed on natural prey (Acartia lilljeborgi copepods) and estimate their daily energy consumption. Paralarva individual FR was obtained using a density of 80 copepods L−1. The polarized light experiment had a control (regular light) and two polarized light treatments

The Algae Foundation established in February 2013 has developed a diverse portfolio of algal-based education and workforce development programs covering education levels from kindergarten through college, aquaculture extension, and free online courses. The Algae Foundation created the Algae Technology Educational Consortium (ATEC) with five major foci including community college certificate program

This study investigates the trophic interactions and As and Cd transfer along seven marine ecosystems in Peru. Five of these ecosystems are driven by aquaculture of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus. A southward increased gradient of δ15N was observed among the three examined regions along the Peruvian coast. The stable isotope analysis in R (SIAR)-stable isotope mixing models helped to clarify

Demand for food by Chinese consumers is shifting from necessities to safer food. We conducted an empirical study of 4,221 consumers of aquatic products in China. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting consumer attitudes on the safety of aquatic products using a multinomial ordinal logistic regression model. The majority of the respondents thought the safety of aquatic products

To evaluate the protective effect of baicalin against a Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, immune parameters were analyzed and RNA interference (RNAi) was performed in the present study. The results from challenge tests showed that the cumulative mortalities in the 200 and 400 mg/kg baicalin groups after challenge with V. parahaemolyticus were significantly lower than they were in the 100 mg/kg baicalin

The need for yield research is increasing with the popularity of aquaponic food production systems where plants and fish are grown together in a recirculating system. Our objective was to compare the yield of three basil cultivars (“Elenora,” “Genovese,” “Nufar,” Ocimum basilicum) in four configurations (greenhouses: floating raft DWS, ebb & flow, A-frame; warehouse: floating raft; 1–8 tank replications/treatment)

The status of U.S. marine finfish species for aquaculture is the focus of this special issue of the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (JWAS). Based on a scoping workshop conducted at Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, which resulted in a subsequent stakeholder survey, 18 different marine finfish species were identified as first-tier candidates to explore for increasing

Expanding aquaculture production in the United States affords opportunities to complement fisheries in meeting domestic demand for seafood. This access to safe, affordable, and healthy food choices is provided with minimal impacts on the environment and in concert with the many uses required of our water resources. The United States has a strong history of well-managed fisheries; however, with harvests

The requirements to rear spotted wolffish, Anarhichas minor, a cold water, demersal fish, native to the north Atlantic Ocean, have been developed over the past 25 years (since 1990s) and it now is commercially produced in one fish farm in Norway with additional plans for commercial development in the near future in Quebec, Canada. Spotted wolffish have numerous attributes that make them a desirable

Culture models and facilities for large-scale, commercial production of popular Gulf of Mexico species are unavailable. The spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) is one of the most popular recreational fishes in the Gulf of Mexico. Seatrout culture techniques were adapted from red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) protocols developed in the 1970s. Broodstock husbandry, spawning, and extensive pond rearing

Black sea bass (BSB), Centropristis striata, inhabit continental shelf waters of the eastern United States and are a member of the family Serranidae comprising true sea basses and groupers. Highly sought by fishermen, BSB are sustainably managed with 2018 commercial and recreational catch quotas of 1,600 and 1,664 m.t. (3.52 and 3.66 million lb), respectively. Wild broodstock are easily caught and

The potential for marine aquaculture development in the United States is significant and recent factors have highlighted the benefits of developing a shortened seafood supply chain to service domestic markets. Marine finfish in particular hold tremendous potential as technological advancements, improvements in production efficiencies, and market forces have aligned to create opportunities for growth

The Tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis, is a warm-water pelagic fish that is increasingly targeted by U.S. anglers. The superior quality of Tripletail flesh coupled with the lack of domestic commercial fisheries stimulated interests to develop aquaculture of this species. In this work, photo-thermal conditioning of captive-held broodstocks promoted maturation in females, but spontaneous spawning was

California yellowtail (CYT; Seriola dorsalis) is a promising candidate for marine aquaculture in the United States because there is an existing market and cultured Seriola spp. command prices as high as $27.70 per kg for head-on gutted product. Methods for commercial-scale Seriola spp. fingerling production and growout have been refined globally in recent years. Spawning can be accomplished without

The commercialization of a new species through aquaculture is much more complex than the mastery of the production process, or closing the loop, as it is sometimes referred to. Commercial aquaculture is a layer within the global seafood industry, much as wild capture is; however, it places human control at a much earlier phase in the life cycle of the harvested product. As an important species on both

Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, is an important species for aquaculture worldwide. Production technology from egg to market was established in the early 1990s and continues to be perfected to this day. This species exhibits extraordinary scope for growth and can reach between 4 and 8 kg in 1 year, with females growing almost twice as fast and large as males. Despite continuous progress in maturation,

Striped bass, Morone saxatilis, is an anadromous fish native to the North American Atlantic Coast and is well recognized as one of the most important and highly regarded recreational fisheries in the United States. Decades of research have been conducted on striped bass and its hybrid (striped bass × white bass Morone chrysops) and culture methods have been established, particularly for the hybrid

Owing to their high value, in the 1950s researchers and commercial ventures began investigating the potential of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus, for aquaculture; however, initial efforts did not result in commercialization. In the early 2000s, a renewed interest in pompano as a candidate for aquaculture occurred, and over the last two decades, protocols have been developed that have allowed

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermentation products of kitchen waste (FPKW) on growth, apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, and serum biochemistry for juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp “CAS III.” A total of 540 fish (7.47 ± 0.20 g/fish) were distributed among 18 aquariums at a density of 30 fish per tank in a completely randomized design (triplicated) and were fed diets

A survey of 101 shrimp farms in Ecuador revealed that the average annual shrimp yield based on production pond water surface area was 7.03 ± 0.93 (SE) t/ha/year. The range in annual yield among the five provinces with shrimp farms was 3.67 ± 0.71 to 11.95 ± 5.56 t/ha year, respectively. Averages for total land, water, and energy use were 0.54 ± 0.01 ha/t shrimp, 76,817 ± 6,330 m3/t shrimp, and 61.2 ± 4

Marker-5, which is linked to the major sex-determination gene amhy on LG23, has been used for sex genotyping of various strains of Nile tilapia. Marker-5 specifically amplifies fragments of approximately 1,422 and 982 bp of the X and Y chromosomes, respectively. Herein, we evaluated Marker-5 polymorphism in Nile tilapia of Hainan strain, China. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that in 13 out of 85

The red sea cucumber, Parastichopus tremulus, a cold water species with commercial potential, has recently attracted attention for wild harvest as well as for potential use in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in Scandinavian countries. Overharvesting has put natural stocks of sea cucumbers at risk in several countries. Our goal was to develop a rearing protocol for P. tremulus to enable sustainable

The Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus, Lamarck 1989) is a marine bivalve of high commercial value in the aquaculture industry, with wild populations distributing from northern Peru to Chile. Growing demand for it in the world aquaculture markets and limited availability of hatchery-based seeds caused long-term seed translocations among wild populations to recover depleted local populations and

We hypothesize for golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas, raised in split-ponds (SPS), that the waste treatment unit (WTU) would be a zooplankton refuge. To examine this hypothesis, a 6-week study was conducted in six traditional earthen ponds (TEP) and six SPS (each 0.04 ha) stocked with adult golden shiners at 450 kg of fish/ha. Fish were fed a commercial feed at 3% body weight daily in three ponds

Seaweed aquaculture in California, the United States, is at an early stage of development. The coastal climate and growing season contrast with the cold-temperate, where most seaweed cultivation in the US occurs. Climate change is warming coastal waters on average and increasing the frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs). In California, those changes co-occur with predicted seasonal changes in upwelling

Bottom center drain circular tanks in which water is injected tangentially to the tank wall are widely used in aquaculture. However, a torus‐shaped region about the center drain can develop into an irrotational zone that generates low velocities and poor mixing. Many works have been devoted to improving tank hydraulics by making good use of the water flow pattern. However, mathematics‐friendly methods

The development of intensive aquaculture industry has aggravated the dangers of ammonia and nitrite in aquatic ecosystems. Probiotics have been widely used to maintain and improve water quality by removal of ammonia and nitrite in aquaculture. In this study, two facultative anaerobic strains AB15 and NB14, capable of efficient ammonia and nitrite removal, were isolated from biofloc, which acts as a

Replacement of fish meal with high plant protein meal leads to reduced growth performance and health issues in farmed fish. Supplementation of functional additives has been proposed as a potential strategy to alleviate the negative effect of plant protein replacement. In this study, the effects of phosphatidic acid (PA) on growth and antioxidant capacity in juvenile turbot fed with high plant protein‐based

The oilseed Camelina sativa was genetically engineered to produce eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at levels similar to fish oil (FO), which we tested as a lipid source in diets for rainbow trout. Three experimental diets were tested, a FO control, a low‐level transgenic camelina oil (LCO) diet (no FO with 12.5 g/kg camelina), and a high‐level transgenic camelina oil (HCO)

Optimizing larval rearing protocols is critical to successful intensive fish culture. We compared the efficacy of feeding strategies for larvae of maraena whitefish Coregonus maraena, a promising candidate for intensive aquaculture. Survival, growth indicators, intestine development, and liver status were compared in larvae fed live feed, commercial dried feed, and weaned from live to dried feed at

An 8‐week feeding trial was designed to evaluate the potential of cricket meal, Gryllus bimaculatus, as a locally available unconventional source of protein in a practical diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Three hundred juvenile fish (Initial weight, 33.5 ± 0.01 g) were randomly distributed into five dietary groups in triplicates (20 fish per tank) and each group was hand‐fed one of

The Chinese soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, is an important aquaculture species in China. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of growth regulation may contribute to its genetic improvement and lead to increases in the production. Growth rate in this species varies greatly among individuals, and the variation apparently has a genetic basis. To identify growth‐related genes and explore the

Taurine is a β sulphonic amino acid and is conditionally essential for many fish species. In the present study, the effect of dietary taurine (tau) on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fry (initial mean weight 0.8 ± 0.6 g) was evaluated by feeding six isonitrogenous (370 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (100 g/kg crude lipid) casein‐based purified diets with graded levels of tau at 0 (basal diet), 5, 10

Perna canaliculus is an aquaculture species vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). Returning shell waste to the sea after commercial processing has potential to provide localized buffering to OA. We investigated whether seawater enrichment with crushed shell buffers carbonate chemistry and improves P. canaliculus larval performance under current (400 μatm) and future (1,100 μatm) PCO2 conditions.

Cloning and protein expression in heterologous systems are very useful tools for the study of viral proteins. In this work, an in vivo cloning strategy was applied using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as an efficient and low‐cost method to clone several cDNAs from the tilapia lake virus (TiLV). Samples of infected tilapia Oreochromis niloticus tissues were taken and used to isolate their RNA and

During recent years, mass mortalities of cultured scallops became more frequent in Peruvian bays. One of the main drivers related to these mortalities was hypoxic events. This study was designed to understand the hypoxia phenomenon in these bays and to assess how the Peruvian scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, can cope with reduced oxygen levels in seawater based on individual size. First, we analyzed

Aquaculture has been growing at a significant pace over the last few decades. However, the impulse it once had is starting to wane. Projections show that the average annual growth rate of aquaculture should slow from 4.6% in 2007–2018 to 2.3% in 2019–2030 (FAO, 2020). The current COVID‐19 pandemic and economic crisis will only compound the problem. To counter declines in Asia, other regions should

Traditional farmers of milkfish and shrimp use 80% of Indonesia's shrimp production area, but produce only 10% of its shrimp. A coastal protection project funded a 16‐day aquaculture field school (AFS) in order to train 277 farmers in Low External Input Sustainable Aquaculture (LEISA). Its cost was 1,060 USD per farmer. In 2017 and 2018, the project monitoring database completed records of yields and

Rational management is required for the profitability of the Japanese aquaculture industry and to promote investment in the industry. Although bioeconomic modeling could facilitate rational aquaculture management, it has not been applied in Japanese marine aquaculture. In the present study, we developed a bioeconomic model for oyster farming in Miyagi prefecture, Japan, and determined the optimal harvest

Establishment of reliable pedigree information of different lineages is crucial for selective breeding and stock enhancement programs. However, owing to the absence of a reliable assay for parentage assignment, such information is lacking in orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), which is an economically important coral‐reef fish. In this study, we developed two multiplex microsatellite polymerase

“Omics” techniques (including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and metagenomics) have been employed with huge success in the improvement of agricultural crops. As marine aquaculture of macroalgae expands globally, biologists are working to domesticate species of macroalgae by applying these techniques tested in agriculture to wild macroalgae species. Metabolomics has revealed metabolites

Our team has initiated a selective breeding program for regional strains of sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima, to improve the competitiveness of kelp farming in the United States. Within our breeding program, we also include an endemic putative species, Saccharina angustissima, locally referred to as skinny kelp. We crossed uniclonal gametophyte cultures derived from 37 wild‐collected blades representing

The white seabass, Atractoscion nobilis, is a member of the family Sciaenidae, which includes croakers and drums. Atractoscion nobilis have numerous aquaculture characteristics desirable for commercialization, including excellent market appeal. Consumer and market surveys of farmed A. nobilis have consistently yielded reviews of ‘good to excellent’ when rated for taste, texture, appearance, and freshness

The many nutritional benefits reported in seaweeds have increased their demand in the western world for human consumption. In order to supply this demand, it is necessary to cultivate seaweeds both offshore and onshore. Offshore cultivation is highly vulnerable to climate variation. Cultures on land can be operated while essential variables can be controlled (nutrient supply) or partially regulated

Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria (also called black cod), is a long-lived marine species with wide distribution extending from Baja California to Alaska, the Bering Sea, and through to the eastern coast of Japan. The landed weight of sablefish in the U.S. commercial fisheries is not large compared with other species; however, the exceptional value of sablefish has ranked it high compared with other species