Sexual differentiation in teleosts is based on diverse and complex combinations of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental conditions during early development can alter gonadal differentiation leading to sex reversal, where the individual's genotypic and phenotypic sexes are opposite. In many species, the mechanism of environmental sex reversal has been linked to the stress axis and fluctuations

A pond study examined the effects of long‐term restricted feeding followed by full feeding on production and processing characteristics, fillet composition, and economics of market‐size hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus . Market‐size fish averaging 674 g were stocked into 24 ponds (0.04 ha) at 17,300 fish/ha. Fish were either fed once or twice weekly for 4 months or once

The silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus is a major economically important marine fish in China. However, P. argenteus is sensitive to many stress factors and susceptible to injury. This problem could be resolved using anesthesia. We determined the lowest effective dose (LED) of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS‐222) and assessed the longest safe deep anesthesia time and effect after chasing. P. argenteus

This study investigated the effects of cow blood meal (CBM) and donkey blood meal (DBM) supplemented diets on growth and digestive enzymes activity in juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Boiled blood meals (CBM and DBM) were used to substitute fishmeal at 7%, 17%, 25%, and 33% percentage inclusion levels, respectively. A total of 450 juvenile C. gariepinus (8.48 ± 0.09 g) were randomized to nine experimental

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric oxygen concentration on hatching success of artificially incubated alligator eggs. In one study, 216 eggs were subjected to one of four treatments involving two levels of RH (80 or 93% RH) and two atmospheric oxygen concentrations (21 or 28% O2). Hatching success of eggs in the 80/21 and 80/28 treatments,

A 12‐week feeding trial was designed to assess the probiotic potential of indigenous Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and/or Bacillus subtilis singly or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis in an extruded feed for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus ) juveniles. A high fish meal (FM) diet (control) and a low‐FM diet containing an alternative protein blend (30% FM replacement, FM30) were formulated

Sexual phenotype is highly plastic in teleosts and controlled by a variety of species‐dependent factors. In aquaculture, hormone manipulations applied at different life stages are used to control sex ratios and exploit desirable traits such as ornate coloration in male ornamental species. This study investigated the effects of dietary 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT) administration on adult female Rosy

Evolution of the U.S, catfish industry, forged by dynamic market forces, has resulted in the development of an array of farming practices. This comparative economic study was developed with data from 325 ponds on 38 commercial catfish farms (Alabama, Arkansas, and Mississippi) and provides concurrent estimates of the cost of production, profitability, and indicators of farm liquidity for the most common

Searching for potential increases in shrimp yields, this study evaluated the effects of different stocking densities on water quality and production performance of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei , reared on a biofloc‐dominated system throughout 77 days. The organisms (1.27 ± 0.54 g) were stocked at three densities, 400 (T400), 500 (T500), and 600 (T600) shrimp/m2 corresponding to 500, 625, and

The supplementation of fish diets with herbal medicines aimed at improving growth and flesh quality is an attractive subject in fish nutrition research. In the present study, the effects of barberry root on the growth performance, muscle fatty acids profile, whole‐body composition, and digestive enzymes of rainbow trout were investigated. A total of 306 rainbow trout fingerlings (15.55 ± 0.76 g) were

Rearing density is recognized as a critical consideration in fish husbandry: whereas higher densities may increase productivity and reduce production costs, they also represent a potential source of chronic stress and may negatively affect growth performance and product quality. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of rearing density on growth, physiological responses, and flesh quality of cobia

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a major challenge for the marine salmonid farming industry. This disease is caused by Paramoeba perurans , which is a parasitic amoeba that affects fish growth and survival. The present work aimed at improving Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ) diet formulation as a preventive treatment for AGD. Four diets with different quantitative composition of functional ingredients,

Novel sources of omega‐3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. In the present study, we assessed the response of the fish to a novel algal oil as a source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) diets. Our results show that the palatability of the diets was maintained with high inclusion

To evaluate the nutritional quality of the Teleaulax /Plagioselmis /Geminigera (TPG) clade species over the conventional prey species of the Rhodomonas /Rhinomonas /Storeatula (RHO) clade for the enrichment of a rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis , two strains of Teleaulax amphioxeia (TA ), CR‐MAL07 and CR‐MAL08‐02, and a Chroomonas sp. strain CR‐MAL10 from Korean coastal waters were mass cultured in 500 L

Proliferative gill disease (PGD) caused by the myxozoan Henneguya ictaluri is one of the most damaging diseases affecting U.S. catfish aquaculture. In channel and hybrid catfish, continuous exposure to the actinospore stage of the parasite elicits a destructive branchitis, impairing osmoregulatory and respiratory function. Mortality can reach 100% in severe outbreaks. Despite similarities during acute

Edwardsiella piscicida has emerged as an important pathogen of channel × blue catfish hybrids cultured in the southeastern United States. With increasing popularity of hybrid catfish and growing concern over E. piscicida , the crossprotective potential of a live‐attenuated E.ictaluri vaccine was evaluated. An immunization bath of E. piscicida (3 × 107 CFU/ml) protected channel catfish against immersion

The use of novel aquaculture species depends on the determination of their nutritional requirements. This study aims at determining dietary protein, energy, and protein–energy ratio requirements of juvenile striped surubim, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum , an economically important carnivorous South American catfish for capture fisheries and highly regarded for fish farming purposes. Juvenile striped

Aquaculture production of oysters has been carried out in the state of Maryland since the 1890s, with limited success because of restrictive regulations and opposition from the commercial wild industry. After revision of the aquaculture leasing regulations in 2009, the Maryland oyster aquaculture industry expanded more than 10‐fold. In 2010, Maryland Agricultural & Resource Based Industry Development

The akirin gene, which is strictly localized in the nucleus, plays a critical role in regulating antimicrobial peptide transcription, and has parallel functions to NF‐κB signaling pathway in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In shrimp, the akirin gene is expressed as innate immunity in response to microbial infection. In the present study, expression of akirin gene in Penaeus monodon with respect

A preliminary study was conducted to demonstrate fate of the bacterial storage compound poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) once ingested and degraded in vivo in crustaceans. The 2% supplementation of 13C‐labeled Ralstonia eutropha DSM545 containing 75% PHB on dry weight in postlarval whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei resulted in consistent enrichment of two fatty acids (containing 14–24 carbons [C] in

Aquaculture in the United States has grown at a slower rate than the rest of the world in spite of abundant resources to support its growth. Although regulatory costs have widely been cited as the cause, there has not been a comprehensive attempt to examine cost structures, productivity, and associated efficiencies across various species, production systems, and scales of production in the United States

Shrimp extract (ShE) is one kind of aquatic animal attractant with abundant amino acids. In order to investigate the effects of dietary ShE supplementation on the growth and muscle fatty acid of juvenile red tilapia (initial weight: 12.02 ± 0.02 g), a 62‐day experiment was conducted. The fish were fed six diets containing graded levels of ShE (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) without fish meal (FM) and an

Hormone treatments have commonly been used to skew sex ratios toward desired phenotypes. In sexually dichromic ornamental species, males are often more ornately colored and therefore more valuable. The synthetic androgen 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT) is one of the most common hormones used in this practice. The rosy barb, Pethia conchonius, and dwarf gourami, Trichogaster lalius, are two sexually dichromic

The commercial channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) industry is adversely impacted by enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), caused by the Gram‐negative enteric rod Edwardsiella ictaluri. In efforts to develop more effective management strategies, the use of a live‐attenuated E. ictaluri isolate as an oral vaccine was investigated. The utility and broad application of a vaccine is dependent on the protection

Cultured freshwater ornamental fish are primarily fed Artemia at early life stages. Development of alternative feeding strategies could decrease the Artemia reliance of ornamental producers, reduce labor costs, and improve industry resilience by diversifying larval feeding options. In this study, Corydoras aeneus, Synodontis eupterus, Synodontis nigriventris, Epalzeorhynchos bicolor, Pterophyllum scalare

Feeding frequencies influence growth and feeding efficiencies and thus knowing the optimal protocol is important to minimize operational costs. The present study evaluated different feeding frequencies during the pilot‐scale nursery phase of a biofloc system: T1 (1 feeding/day), T3 (3 feedings/day), and T6 (6 feedings/day), each with three replicates. In a greenhouse with nine 35 m2 tanks, the postlarvae

The best source and inclusion level of iron from feed additives for optimizing the production of African catfish was determined while simultaneously evaluating excretion of effluent that can be used to optimally grow plants in aquaponics systems. Using six experimental treatments and a control, the production parameters, proximate composition, hematological indices, nonspecific immunity, tissue mineral

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larval meal (BSF) in practical diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Four diets were formulated to contain levels of fishmeal replacement at 0, 25, 50, and 100% with BSF. A total of 360 fingerlings (2.67 ± 0.0 g/fish) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks (30‐L capacity) containing 30 fish each and fed

Ictalurid catfish grown in ponds often acquire undesirable off‐flavors prior to harvest. Off‐flavors develop when odorous, lipophilic substances in food or water are absorbed across gut or gill epithelium and concentrated in edible tissues. The most common causes of catfish off‐flavors are two nontoxic secondary metabolites of planktonic cyanobacteria: geosmin (causing an earthy off‐flavor) and 2‐methylisoborneol

Although a concerted effort in catfish nutrition research in the United States did not begin until the late 1950s/early 1960s, the genesis of both the catfish industry and catfish nutrition research is rooted in studies conducted early in the 20th century. Thus, a historical view delineating the progression of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nutrition from 1900 to the present is given. Notable

Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) is one of the main freshwater fish of economic importance in Indonesia. Although this species has been reared for decades, particularly in the province of West Java, and naturally spawns in captivity, the availability of fry is still a limiting factor in aquaculture. Research efforts on giant gourami aquaculture are, however, limited and do not always address the

This study applies a translog cost function model to analyze the culture costs and the use of input factors among three groups of hard clam farmer households in Yunlin County, Taiwan, with different survival rates (low‐intermediate, intermediate‐high, and high). The study found that farmer household production in the three observed groups all exhibited economies of scale and could significantly expand

A 10‐week feeding trial aimed to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C (l‐ascorbic acid) on growth, antioxidant activity, and immunity in ricefield eel, Monopterus albus. Six diets were formulated with different levels of vitamin C supplementation (0.1, 17.5, 34.8, 68.6, 139.7, and 278.5 mg/kg). The results indicated that the weight gain (WG) of the M. albus fed the diets with vitamin C was

Leopard coral grouper, Plectropomus leopardus are a heavily exploited, high‐value fish commonly found in the Asian live reef food fish trade. In past decades, many attempts at the mass culture of various grouper species have been undertaken; however, their small mouth gape at first feed has resulted in very low survival when using traditional live feeds such as rotifers. The use of wild caught or extensively

We investigated the effects of plant density on the welfare of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in coupled aquaponics over 85 days. The moderate density (mpd) of basil, Ocimum basilicum, was compared with the high density (hpd) and control (n = 0). The behavior was analyzed by visual and video observations, and after the application of induced stressors, skin injuries, blood glucose, lactate, and

This study investigated how Jerusalem artichoke powder (JAP) affected the growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. Animals were fed diets containing antibiotic (1 ppm) or five levels of JAP (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg). After the feeding trial, three sea cucumbers were sampled per tank to assay for immunity and gut microbiota composition. Dietary supplementation

This study determined the effectiveness of copper sulfate (CuSO4) to inhibit fungal growth (caused by Saprolegnia spp.) on largemouth bass (LMB) eggs spawned on/in fiber mats in very high‐alkalinity/‐hardness waters; experiments also determined the toxicity of CuSO4 to LMB fry and juveniles. An untreated control and three CuSO4 concentrations (10, 20, and 40 mg/L) were tested under a flow‐through scenario

In the present study, juvenile (live body weight, 54.3 ± 8.2 g), preadult (live body weight, 822.5 ± 33.9 g), and adult (live body weight, 1,562.8 ± 41.8 g) pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, were used to estimate their dietary essential amino acid (EAA) requirements using the whole‐body amino acid (AA) pattern. The results showed that whole‐body moisture, crude protein, total lipid, and ash contents expressed

A study was conducted in earthen ponds to investigate the effects of available lysine (AL) concentrations in 28 and 32% protein diets on production and processing characteristics, proximate composition, and lysine concentrations in the fillet of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Diets were formulated to contain 28% protein with 1.22 and 1.43% AL, and 32% protein with 1.43 and 1.63% AL, which were

Marine ornamental aquaculture is a growing industry. Although most species are cultured for aesthetic purposes, there is increasing interest in organisms that provide functional services. Nudibranchs provide an example in which they act as biological controls by consuming aquaria pests. Berghia stephanieae is a commercially relevant nudibranch that feeds on Exaiptasia anemones, which overgrow sessile

This study examined the effects of dietary cholesterol on the survival, molting pattern, and growth of early juveniles of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus. Seven isocaloric diets were formulated to contain cholesterol at 0 (basal diet), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 g/kg diet dry weight. Survival ranged from 20 to 47.5%, with the highest survival recorded for crabs fed the diet supplemented

Nutritional programming represents the mechanism through which broodstock feeding strategies have lifelong effects on the offspring generation. The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss broodstock diets with choline and methionine affects offspring growth performance. Experimental diets were produced by top‐dressing a commercial broodstock

Ornamental harlequin shrimp, Hymenocera picta, are commonly maintained on live comet sea stars, Linckia multifora. In Thailand, both species are commonly collected from the wild, raising concerns regarding the sustainability of such practices. As a step toward the sustainable aquaculture of both, methods of their culture and nutrition were investigated. Under captive conditions, harlequin shrimp readily

Red carp and red crucian carp are ornamental fish with a red body color. Unlike in red crucian carp, no melanophores are observed in red carp embryos or larvae. To explore the roles of the mitfa gene in body color formation in red carp, we investigated the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of the mitfa gene in 16 kinds of fish. The mitfa amino acid sequence similarity between

To investigate the effects of supplemental nutrient additives in broad bean‐based diets on growth, flesh quality, and collagen gene expression of grass carp, five diets were prepared, including complete formula diet (control), soaked broad bean (SBB), and three broad bean‐based diets containing 80% broad bean without (BBD1) or with the supplementation of methionine (BBD2), and methionine+vitamins+minerals

Heritability and genetic correlations for body weight at harvest size (BW), grow‐out survival (SU), and log‐transformed infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) load (VLln) in Litopenaeus vannamei were estimated. Data were obtained in 2012 from a shrimp breeding population in Mexico using 12,440 shrimp for BW and 16,814 shrimp for SU, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Producing a larger post‐smolt in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) could shorten the production time in sea cages and potentially reduce mortality. Knowledge of the biological requirements of post‐smolts in closed‐containment systems is however lacking. In the present study, the effects of salinity and water velocity on growth, survival, health, and welfare of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS were

There has been increasing interest in promoting the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii as a co‐culture species in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system. In recent work, we observed the capability of K. alvarezii to grow and remove carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) when planted in an intensive fish floating‐net cage system in Sekotong Bay, Lombok, Indonesia. Environmental factors that

In recent years, infection with Shewanella putrefaciens has emerged as a serious problem in freshwater aquaculture. In the present study, we report large‐scale mortality in farmed tilapia Oreochromis niloticus from Hisar, North India. The diseased tilapia exhibited lethargy, swimming near the water surface, fin rot, hemorrhages on the operculum, and approximately 40% mortality. Gram‐negative, motile

This study investigated the effects of seven microalgal diets, including single‐species diets of Rhodomonas salina (R), Tisochrysis lutea (T), and Pavlova lutheri (P), two‐species diets (R + T, T + P, and R + P), and a three‐species diet (R + T + P), on the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana growth, stage composition, and ovigerous female size and fecundity. Experiments were conducted in 10‐L beakers

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2) is the causative agent of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis (HVHN), an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current research indicates that CyHV‐2 only infects fish in the genus Carassius. Outbreaks of fish viral diseases are highly temperature‐dependent, and HVHN outbreaks usually occur at water temperatures of 15–25°C. In November 2018,

This research aimed to determine the upper limit level of crystalline amino acid (CAAs) inclusion in tambaqui nutrition. Additionally, we investigated the possibility of total replacement of fish meal (FM) by soy protein concentrate (SPC). An FM‐based control diet was formulated to meet the known nutrient requirements of tambaqui, and three additional diets were prepared by replacing FM protein with

Kelpak® is a seaweed extract from the phaeophyte, Ecklonia maxima, used to enhance growth and production of terrestrial plants. It is also beneficial for some red and green seaweeds. As such, we assessed if Kelpak® could enhance growth and thermal tolerance of the brown seaweeds, Saccharina latissima and S. angustissima. Juvenile sporophytes were dipped (30 or 60 min) in Kelpak® solutions of different

Two shrimp genetic lines (LGR: faster growth and LWR: higher white spot syndrome virus resistance) were evaluated with six dietary treatments containing different sources (animal and plant), and three protein levels (low, medium and high). A five‐week bioassay was conducted using Litopenaeus vannamei with an average initial weight of 2.08 ± 0.06 g to determine the influence of the genetic line, protein

This study aimed to assess the effects of replacing fish meal with cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate (CPH) on the growth, intestinal function, growth hormone/insulin‐like growth factor I (GH/IGF‐I) axis, and inflammation of blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. A total of 300 fish (38.66 ± 0.08 g) were allocated into five groups and fed either the basal diet (CPH 0) or the basal diet that

We investigated the effects of different levels of dietary Bacillus subtilis (BS) on innate immunity, growth performance, feed utilization, and disease resistance of juvenile olive flounder. A control diet was formulated without probiotic, and three other diets were prepared adding different doses (1 × 107, 3 × 107, and 5 × 107 CFU/g feed) of BS (designated as Control, BS1, BS3, and BS5, respectively)

Since its recognition in the early 1980s, enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), caused by the gram‐negative enteric Edwardsiella ictaluri, is one of the most significant pathogens affecting catfish aquaculture. In efforts to improve disease management in U.S. catfish aquaculture, a live‐attenuated ESC vaccine and method of in‐pond oral vaccine delivery was developed. This work evaluated the efficacy

The potential for the coculture of sandfish, Holothuria scabra and Babylon snail, Babylonia areolata was investigated. Sandfish (weight 1.87 ± 0.41 g) were cultured at low (25 ind/m2; 46.75 g/m2), medium (50 ind/m2; 93.5 g/m2), and high (100 ind/m2; 187 g/m2) densities in monoculture and in coculture with Babylonia at a density of 400 ind/m2 (208 g/m2). In monoculture, sandfish were provided with 1

In this study, genetic diversity and genetic structure were assessed in the four major cultured populations of P. fucata martensii from Shenzhen (SZ), Hainan (HN), Zhanjiang (ZJ), and hybrid (HY), based on morphological multivariate analysis and 25 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The morphological characteristics of HN and HY populations were similar, and the average discriminant accuracy