Abstract Inverse modeling is a relatively complex procedure that allows quick estimation of soil hydraulic properties, yielding parameters for both soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function from a single experiment. The purpose of this research was to evaluate saline water effect on unsaturated hydraulic properties of clay loamy nonsaline-sodic soil layers and estimate these

Abstract— Knowledge of the composition and volume of root-exuded organic substances is crucial for understanding the biochemical processes in the rhizosphere. The present study was undertaken to quantify organic acids from the roots of drought-tolerant and non-drought-tolerant rice cultivars (DTR and NDTR) and their response to irrigation during different growth periods. Alternating wetting and moderate

Abstract Significance of soil genesis for the composition and succession of bacterial communities during straw decomposition has been studied. Sterile grinded oat straw in nylon bags was placed in humus horizons of two soils (soddy-podzolic and chernozem; Albic Retisol (Abruptic, Ochric) and Haplic Chernozem (Pachic)) and incubated in the laboratory under constant hydrothermal conditions. On the basis

Abstract The turnover rate and the main mechanisms of accumulation of biophilous elements (C, N, P, K) in the litters of native, forest, and pasture ecosystems of the Northern Caspian region (Volgograd oblast, Dzhanybek Experimental Station of the Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences) were assessed from the data of a four-year-long field experiment on the decomposition of dominant

Abstract Changes in the soil cover and biological properties of ordinary chernozems in the natural succession on fallow lands differing in their age have been studied in Rostov oblast. With an increase in the duration of fallowing, the species diversity of the plant cover and the humus content in soil increase, while the relative restoration rate of soil biological properties decreases. During a 83-year-long

Abstract This study compares the long-term effects of a wildfire on basic topsoil properties—bulk density, particle-size composition, pH, electrical conductivity, total C and N, inorganic C, cation exchangeable capacity, available N, P, Ca, Mg, and K—in the Zagros oak forest, Iran, with those induced by agricultural activity in a vineyard planted 30 years earlier in place of the forest. The soil, Calcaric

Abstract— The assimilation potential to oil and oil hydrocarbons is assessed for the first time for different soil types of Azerbaijan. The soil assimilation potential is understood as the buffering capacity of soils to sustain a certain anthropogenic impact without changing their principal properties and ecological functions for a long period. Estimation of assimilation potential of a territory is

Abstract Changes in the biological properties of chernozems caused by several pyrogenic agents have been studied in simulation experiments with the low-temperature plasma, infrared irradiation, straw burning, and fume of burning products. It has been shown that the pyrogenic effect has a complex nature, so that worsening of biological parameters depends on temperature, duration of fire episode, intensity

Abstract— Afforestation has significantly affected interactions between soil nutrients and microbial enzymes. To understand the detailed variations in extracellular enzyme activity and their link with soil nutrient availability after returning farmland (FL) to forest, soil samples were collected from FL and three afforested lands, Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest (RP), Caragana korshinskii Kom. forest

Abstract Recent and Late Pleistocene soils of the central forest-steppe in the East European Plain have been studied. The main objective of the work is to reveal changes in the properties of the Bryansk paleosol (final phase of MIS 3), one of the most important geosols of the Late Pleistocene. These changes could be induced by cryogenesis during the Valdai glaciation maximum (MIS 2) and by the Holocene

Abstract The soils and street dust of the Southeastern administrative district of Moscow were analyzed for chemical properties and the content of acid-soluble and mobile compounds of heavy metals (HMs) and arsenic over three time spans: the end of industrial (1995), transitional (2004 and 2012), and recent postindustrial (2017) periods of the city development. The acid–base properties of soils and

Abstract— In the course of studies in typical forest ecosystems of the northern, middle, and southern taiga of Western Siberia performed at the peak of the growing season, the spatial variation of soil CO2 emissions and their relationships with the content of extractable and microbial soil carbon and soil hydrothermic parameters were estimated. The studied parameters of the soil carbon cycle are characterized

Abstract The accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the plants of tundra peatlands on the coast of the Barents Sea (Nenets autonomous okrug) has been studied. Two- and three-ringed polyarenes are prevalent in the plants on the coast of the Barents Sea with their share in the total PAH content varying from 81 to 97%. The highest total content of polyarenes is observed in Sphagnum

Abstract The existing classifications of soil texture are based on the sedimentation data. The aim of this article is to consider the ways to develop soil textural classification on the basis of particle-size distribution (PSD) data obtained by the laser diffraction method. A detailed comparison of PSD data obtained by the classical pipette method and the method of laser diffractometry has been performed

Abstract Cover crop management practices have a critical impact for long-term sustainable soil productivity due to their positive effects on soil hydro-physical properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes of water retention, pore-size distributions, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and bulk density values of soil samples collected before and after tillage in response to cover

Abstract— The rhizosphere is a zone of unique and dynamic interactions between plant roots and soil microorganisms, which can influence the nutrition and stress tolerance of the plant. Among the microorganisms that colonize the roots of plants, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae can be found; within these, we can find growth promoting rhizobacteria and entomopathogenic fungi. Although there are studies

Abstract— Knowledge of lithologic discontinuities (LDs) provides important information about sedimentology processes and soil development. The main objective of this research was to evaluate different criteria from the Soil Taxonomy (ST) system to detect LDs in soils of arid and semi-arid regions. For that, five sites in Iran were selected, and several parameters were measured to identify LDs in studied

Abstract Information on Devonian and Carboniferous paleosols is limited. In this paper, published data (about 50 sources) on findings of these paleosols mostly on the territory of paleocontinents Laurussia and Pangea are summarized. For visualization of this information, sketch maps of paleosol distribution for Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian times have been developed. Their analysis shows

Abstract Our study focuses on testing laboratory measurements of soil microbial respiration as a proxy that in the field conditions. The soil microbial respiration was measured in field (MRfield) and laboratory (MRlab) conditions monthly (from May to October) in subtaiga (mixed forest, meadow) and forest-steppe (broad-leaved forest, virgin steppe) ecosystems of the European Russia. The MRfield was

Abstract— The paleogeographic development of the natural process in the Late Pleistocene on the East European Plain had a rhythmic pattern with repeated alternation of cold and warm climatic eras. Continental glaciations arising on the East European Plain, in particular, the Late Valdai (Weichselian) glaciation, were reflected in changes in topography formation. Regional paleoenvironmental conditions

Abstract Soils are among the main biological sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrification and denitrification processes are the major N2O production factors in soils. The nitrogen of mineral and organic fertilizers applied to the fields is easily involved in the biogeochemical cycle of soil nitrogen and contributes to the N2O emission to the atmosphere. A longer lifetime (121 years) of nitrous

Abstract— This study aimed to evaluate subsoil carbon stock in different stands of riparian forests. Four different sites in the studied riparian forests located in Behbahan in southern Iran, pure Populus euphratica, Tamarix arceuthoides stands, and mixed T. arceuthoides-P. euphratica stands as well as agricultural lands were examined. One hundred and three soil samples were randomly taken at depths

Abstract Rectorite (allevardite) is a regularly interstratified mica–smectite, in which each mica (A) layer is “sandwiched” between smectite (B) layers creating ABABAB…. sequence with 50% contribution of each layer. Similar to other ordered minerals, rectorite is rare in nature. The paper provides the results of the study on properties and mineral composition of the soddy weakly podzolic soil (Umbric

Abstract The aim of this study was to validate the ROMUL and Romul_Hum simulation models based on the data of long-term measurements of soil respiration performed by the Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the south of Moscow oblast (54°50′ N, 37°34′ E). We estimated the dynamics of carbon stocks and soil CO2 emission for three

Abstract A combined analysis of the current climate trends and the dynamics of soil respiration under soddy–weakly podzolic sandy-loamy soil (Entic Podzol (Arenic)) in the forest and meadow cenoses in the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve (southern part of the Moscow oblast) is performed. During the observation period (1998–2018), distinct trends of an increase in the average annual air temperature

Abstract Coastal lowlands of northeastern Siberia are composed of the Pleistocene ice-rich organic-containing loamy sediments of the Ice Complex (yedoma) and products of their transformation in the Holocene. In the tundra zone, three major trends of modern pedogenesis depending on the geomorphic position and age of particular landforms have been identified. On the interfluves affected by thermokarst

Abstract An agreement between the content of amorphous (oxalate-extractable) iron and morphochromatic features of gley attests to the modern activity of gleyzation processes in tundra soils of the Kolyma Lowland, especially within lower parts of gentle and steep slopes. A suprapermafrost reduced gley horizon thawing out in the warmest years is considered a relic of the warmer and wetter stage of soil

Abstract The distribution of decomposition products of corn and clover residues by density fractions of noncalcareous mantle loam was studied under controlled conditions. Two light (<1.4 g/cm3 (LF-1) and 1.4–2.2 g/cm3 (LF-2)) and heavy (>2.2 g/cm3 (HF)) fractions were isolated using sodium polytungstate. The LF-1 mainly consisted of incompletely decomposed plant residues; the LF-2, of their decomposition

Abstract Delineation of the features of paleocryogenic microtopography by zero-curvature morphoisographs on a test plot in the south of Moscow oblast enabled us to reveal the polygonal-blocky microrelief (microelevations, microdepressions, slopes, and runoff strips), forming eluvial, trans-eluvial, and trans-accumulative agrolandscapes. The soil cover pattern of eluvial agrolandscape includes elementary

Abstract— The Chinese Mollisol region is affected by soil erosion. Soil and water conservation (SWC) measures are effective in preventing these phenomena. However, few studies have systematically reviewed soil erosion and SWC measures in this region. The objectives of this paper were to analyze soil erosion and identify typical SWC measures on hillslopes in this Mollisol region. A literature review

Abstract A comparative assessment of the pools of fungal and bacterial biomass in dark humus forest soil has been performed using luminescent microscopy and cascade filtration. Cascade filtration indicates that the bacterial biomass is compatible to the fungal biomass (31–54% for bacteria and 46–69% for fungi) in the upper horizons of investigated soil. However, in the lower horizons, the bacterial

Abstract The problem of the quantitative assessment and prediction of suffosion-induced subsidence in saline soils and sediments is relevant for irrigation, washing of saline soils, and increasing amounts of domestic and industrial effluents. Based on the solution of the convective diffusion equation and taking into account the dissolution of salts of the solid phase, the presented mathematical analytical

Abstract The water-soluble components originated in coniferous litters desorb into solution the native organic substances from the solid phase of the eluvial horizons of podzols and podzolic soil. In podzols, the water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) extracted from litter and then passing through the E horizons are sorbed by the BFH horizons if their concentration in solution exceeds 35 mg C/L. The sorption

Abstract The application of direct seeding technology on typical and ordinary chernozems in the European territory for four years has resulted in a significant increase in the content of soil organic matter in regions with sufficient moisture supply and some tendency of its in regions with insufficient moisture supply (Stavropol region). A tendency for an increase in the available phosphorus and exchangeable

Abstract Soil temperature was measured in the O horizon of Albic Podzol on two sites of strongly contaminated and damaged ecosystem from September 22 to July 10 in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The ecosystem is located 8 km to the north of the Severonikel industrial complex (the Kola Peninsula), the largest source of emissions of SO2 and heavy metals in Northern Europe. The aim of the study was to compare

Abstract Sorption-stimulating preparation for pre-sowing seed treatment, containing calcium bentonite, potassium humate, brewer’s yeast autolysate, gibberellin and polyethylene glycol has been created. It stimulates efficiently plant development from spring wheat seeds at early stages on different soils. It has been shown that high water hardness has no negative impact on the effect of stimulant. The

Abstract Detailed mapping of soils under a multi-row 4-km-long 50-year-old forest shelterbelt crossing diverse landforms and under adjacent croplands was performed at the key site in Belgorod oblast, in the south of the Central Russian Upland. Samples were collected in 30 points both in the central part of the shelterbelt and at distances of 30 meters on both sides of the shelterbelt. Maps of the depth

Abstract Trends of changes in the properties of solonetzic soil complexes of the dry-steppe and semidesert zones under the impact of land reclamation measures. agricultural use, and further withdrawal of reclaimed land from agricultural use were analyzed. Our own and published data were used as information sources. An expert evaluation of the modern status of reclaimed solonetzes of abandoned fields

Abstract The mobility of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn in podzols and organic soils (Histosols) in the area of long-term pollution from the Monchegorsk copper–nickel plant (Murmansk oblast, Russia) has been assessed using the parameters of diffusion and convection–diffusion models. The found values of diffusion parameters match the data for other regions. In most cases, the convective flow of heavy metals

Abstract Understanding spatial variations of soil properties is necessary for the management of rangelands vegetation ecosystem. The present study aimed to assess the spatial variations of soil properties in the hillslope of the Taftan semi-active volcanic mountain, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, south-eastern Iran. The locations of 30 sampling points were determined using random - systematic method

Abstract Landscapes of the northern part of the Bolshoi Paipudynskii Ridge (the Polar Urals) served as a key site to study the taxonomic diversity of soils on calcareous rocks as related to both bioclimatic and geogenic (relief, thickness of eluvial and colluvial derivatives of calcareous rocks) factors. Soils of the postlithogenic trunk of the new Russian soil classification system are developed under

Abstract Plant roots have great effect on the process of soil detachment, but the contribution of the physical and biochemical effects of root on soil detachment have not been sufficiently evaluated. For the purpose to distinguish the relative contribution of the root physical effect and biochemical effect to soil erosion resistance, three kinds of treatment, soil samples without roots, dead roots

Abstract— Concurrent with the Chernobyl accident along the explosions caused by nuclear tests and advances in nuclear sciences, researchers around the world have been trying to examine the potential of fallout radionuclides for accurate estimation of soil erosion and redistribution. The inadequacy of the existence of radionuclides and the complexity of factors affecting the amount of these elements

Abstract— The objective of this paper is to test the feasibility of using the SWAT model under limited data availability to estimate soil erosion in two adjacent watersheds, namely Mazer (gauged) and El Himer (ungauged) watersheds. In this study, we used the physical proximity approach as one of the regionalization methods while ensuring the similarity between both watersheds. Moreover, the comparison

Abstract The application of sorption preparations (SP) based on bentonite-humate mixtures for seed stimulating treatment upon sowing into the soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Retisols (Loamic, Aric, Cutanic, Ochric)) was studied. The correlation between seeds’ inhibition by soil and the efficiency of SP application was found. The SP treatment was not always efficient for spring wheat cultivars. For some

Abstract Properties of chernozems of different-aged abandoned plots are compared with their analogues within cropland in the Rostov oblast (Russia). The main attention is focused on the carbonate status of chernozems. The field data on the morphology of soil profiles, results of meso- and micromorphological examination, and physicochemical properties of soils are analyzed; the carbonates were dated

Abstract Under the circumstance of wetland degradation, we used Biolog EcoPlatesTM method to investigate the impact of ecological restoration on the function of topsoil microbial communities by monitoring their metabolic diversity around Chaohu lakeside wetland. Four restoration patterns were selected, including reed shoaly land (RL), poplar plantation land (PL), abandoned shoaly grassland (GL) and

Abstract A comparative assessment of carbon accumulation in the soils of pine forests in western Russia (the Republic of Karelia, the Karelian Isthmus, and Bryansk region) developed on coarse-textured parent materials has been made. The total carbon stock in the litter and upper soil layer (0–50 cm) varied from 47 t/ha in the soils of pine forests of Bryansk region to 116 t/ha in the soils of pine

Abstract The main objectives of this study is to model the transport of methylene blue (MB) in homogenous and layered soils which has been studied experimentally by fixed bed column. The effect of soil stratification has been studied through numerical investigation based on the coupled solute transport model in three-layered soil. The effect of some significant parameters such as flow rate, initial

Abstract The results of a comprehensive study of soils under a 30-m-wide five-row oak shelterbelt of meridional orientation and on the adjacent arable fields of the agroforestry landscape in typical forest-steppe of Belgorod oblast are discussed. Background soils are medium-deep light clayey leached chernozems (Luvic Chernozems) on calcareous loesslike heavy loam. As a result of tree growth during

Abstract A field experiment was conducted to study the initial stages of chloritization (aluminization) of smectite (fraction <1 μm) with various composition of interlayers in the AELoa horizon of the podzolic soil in the course of current pedogenesis. Application of XRD analysis coupled with the simulation of experimental diffraction patterns led us to a conclusion that during one-year incubation

Abstract An experiment with the enrichment of acid organic-rich mountain-meadow soils (Umbric Leptosols) of alpine ecosystems with mineral nutrients has demonstrated that the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and labile organic compounds are stable and tolerant towards long-term (20 years) application of mineral fertilizers. Only the following direct effects are well pronounced: an increase

Abstract― Humin plays a key role in various environmental processes like nutrient retention, carbon sequestration together with contaminant migration. Due to the resistance of humin to microbial degradation, exploring the mineralization process of phosphorus associated with humin is relevant to evaluate the lability of organic phosphorus and to develop a sustainable nutrient management strategy in

Abstract The purpose of the work is a comparative study of the molecular composition of thermolabile (volatilizes at 300°C) and thermostable (volatilizes at 500°C) fractions of organic matter from humus horizons of typical chernozems by double-shot pyrolysis followed by gas chromatographic separation and mass detection of the products. The objects of the study are typical chernozems under different

Abstract— A study was conducted with the purpose of comparing the efficiency of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc), Mehlich 3 (M-3), Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) and alpha MIR spectroscopy measurement, for the determination of available potassium (K) on 58 Ethiopian agricultural soils. Four soil reference groups were sampled for the study. The NH4OAc extractant was used as standard method against which K values

Abstract The aim of the research was to analyze the relationship of color indicators of soil layers with the parameters obtained by ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiling. Such parameters were the data of the spectral Fourier transform of the amplitude of the reflected pulse in the subsurface horizons of the soils of the Kamennaya Steppe area. GPR profiling was carried out by a Loza-V geophysical

Abstract Estimates of the spatial heterogeneity of the organic matter distribution in forest soils determined by the influence of the species and spatial structure of phytocenoses are relevant for many environmental problems, including the calculation of carbon sinks and modeling of the dynamics of forest ecosystems. We analyzed the data on the organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Ntot) contents

Abstract We summarized the results of studies of pedodiversity and contrast and variability of soil properties based on the analyses of soil maps of different scales for the republics of Karelia and Dagestan and the Moscow region. We used fragments of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation on a scale of 1 : 2 500 000 as a small-scale map and three different medium-scale maps (from 1 : 300 000 to 1

Abstract The sorption and desorption of a mixture of phenolic acids by the kaolinite modified with aluminum hydroxide was studied in the presence of acetate buffer. The experiments were performed in a 1-mL flow-through microcolumn in 5 and 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The total concentration of phenolic acids was 0.01 mg/mL (0.06 mM); the concentration of each

Abstract Physical and geochemical properties of six soils developed on tephra from Mts. Kupe and Manengouba were studied in order to assess the degree of weathering of the tephric parent materials. Physico-chemical properties were determined following standard procedures. Total elemental contents and selective extracted contents of Al and Fe by acid ammonium oxalate, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate