Vineyards in southern Brazil have high copper levels due to the application of products to control fungal diseases. High soil concentrations of this element can have toxicity to young plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate this effect, but the beneficial effect depends on the plant and AMF. AMF have different ecological strategies and respond differently to environmental and management

Salinity is the major environmental stress affecting growth and physiological processes in plants. Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) is a perennial medicinal plant having many secondary metabolites. The effects of 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mM NaCl on growth parameters, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll index, gas exchange parameters, membrane stability index, antioxidant activity, phenolic

Rhizosphere microbiomes are influenced by abiotic stresses, but we know a little about their response to combinations of stresses. In this study we tested: (i) if drought and heat stress influence the maize rhizosphere microbial community; (ii) if the combination of drought and heat has a different outcome compared to a single stress; (iii) if rhizosphere microbiota clusters according to root class

Root nodules offer habitat not only for Rhizobium also for a wide variety of endophytic bacteria that have a positive impact on growth and nutrient status of the plant. To evaluate this statement, the present study was aimed to reveal the cultivable Rhizobium (R) and passenger endophytes (PE) of groundnut nodule and explored their impact on plant growth parameters. Two groundnut phenotypes, bunch (cv

Strategies to enhance the production of secondary metabolites, derived from medicinal and agriculturally important plants have been the subject of exploration to enable effective utilization of these biorepositories. Through symbiosis, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), modify plant primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The relationship thus offers the opportunity to exploit combinations

Due to its increasing economical values, sunchoke is widely planted including in Northeast Thailand where insufficient water supply recurs. This work then aimed to investigate the efficiency of 5 different AMF species to enhance growth of sunchoke under drought stress conditions. Factorial experiments in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) were conducted with four replications under two conditions

Swamps, wetlands, flooded crop lands, and tidal zones occur a significant area of the earth's surface. For these places, plant roots survive in anoxic substrates. Plants of Symplocarpus foetidus are well suited for anoxic substrates, since they have aerenchyma tissues (lacunae) for air movement from leaves to roots. Air in leaves is pressurized and thus moves down petioles to provide oxygen to rhizomes

Plant growth, grain yield, and the nutritional grain quality reduce in Zinc (Zn)-deficient soils. As a practical approach, the utilization of plant growth-promoting microorganisms offers a promising approach to cope with Zinc deficiency. This study was carried out to determine the effects of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica and rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida on growth, nutrient status, and

One of the limiting factors of soil fertility is contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons, which has affected soil fertility's effective biological activity, such as the symbiosis of nitrogen fixing bacteria with legumes. In this study, some petroleum hydrocarbons' effect on the nodulation of Rhizobium sp. in alfalfa roots under greenhouse conditions was evaluated. For this purpose, 25 bacterial isolates

Temperate grasslands are affected by nutrient deficiency and this deficiency is one of the main limiting factors for forage production, such as the grasslands of the Salado River Basin (Argentina), which exhibit low-P availability for plant growth. Alternatives to increase forage production include the selection of plant species adapted to grow under P deficiency, P fertilization, and arbuscular mycorrhizal

Plant stem cutting are commonly used for vegetative propagation, and it can be used to obtain equal bio-types of Veronica dahurica Steven and the rare species Veronica pusanensis Y.N.Lee. Here, we compared the effects of three concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the cuttings of V. dahurica and V. pusanensis. The effect of IBA treatment on the root quality

High demand for therapeutic honey is driving establishment of Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) nectar plantations. Leptospermum seeds are often difficult to extract or germinate, and so methods have been sought to propagate Leptospermum from cuttings. We assessed the amenability of two high-value species, L. polygalifolium and L. scoparium, to propagation as rooted cuttings with or without the application

Drought is an unavoidable abiotic stress that restricts the growth rate of many crops in arid regions. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient and the most abundant cation in the plant, which is critical to decreasing the adverse effects of drought stress. K is supplied naturally by mica and other K-bearing primary minerals in the soil. This paper aimed to investigate the ability of barley roots (without

Melanoxylon brauna is a species native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. It has significant ecological and economic value and is at risk of extinction. The usual method for Melanoxylon brauna propagation is by seeds. However, pest attacks and the short viability of its seeds represent a problem for continuous seedlings production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of vegetative propagation

Soil potassium (K) spatial heterogeneity was general in tea gardens. Yet, rhizosphere processes of tea plants under soil K spatial heterogeneity is unclear. K heterogeneity was simulated by multi-layer split-root system as follows: both sides had K fertilizer (K+/K+), both sides had no K fertilizer (K0/K0), one side had K fertilizer (K+/K0–K+) and the other side had no K fertilizer (K+/K0–K0). Under

The present study contrasted the bacterial communities of Dalbergia sissoo trees from forests with healthy trees, and forest with wilted trees. The bacterial diversity was assayed by Illumina MiSeq of the ribosomal hypervariable V3–V4 region. Metagenomic analysis revealed that microbial communities and functional diversity varied according to the plant health status. Presence of beneficial phyla such

Dactylonectria torresensis, together with Fusarium spp. is one of the most frequently soil-borne fungal pathogens associated to “replant disease”, a phenomenon of multicausal origin that manifests as growth reduction, dead on newly planted trees and crop decline in adult orchards. Due to difficulties to reproduce with pathogenicity tests the impact on root development of the major soil borne fungi

Erythrina brucei is a woody legume tree used as mulch, green manure and cover crop in conventional agroforestry practices. This paper explores genetic diversity and plant growth promoting traits of bacteria associated with nodules of E. brucei by trap culture method using 15 field soils. Only 67% of soil samples induced nodulation and 27 bacteria were isolated, in which 15 possessed nifH, 9 phosphate

Vicia villosa is a cover crops commonly introduced in the rotation schema of sustainable agricultural practices. As a leguminous crop, Vicia villosa interacts with rhizobia to fix atmospheric nitrogen, modifying the nutritional status of consecutive crops. The interaction with other probiotic bacteria is, however, unknown. Burkholderia spp. are dominant members of rhizosphere, providing biological

In alkaline soils, iron (Fe) availability is limited and plants developed different strategies to overcome this constraint. Arabidopsis thaliana follows a reduction-based strategy, in which Fe is reduced at the root surface before plant uptake. Recent studies highlighted the role of phenylpropanoid-derived coumarins in the mobilisation and uptake of Fe in A. thaliana. In this study, we grew the A.

It is known that the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) contains important information for understanding the engineering behaviors of unsaturated soils. Best fit equations (or SWCC equations) are commonly used for the representation of the SWCC. As the infiltration into the unsaturated soil is mainly governed by the hydraulic properties of soil, the SWCC equations play important roles in the assessment

The characterization of microbial functional diversity proffers the opportunity to understand and manipulate them in various agricultural and biotechnological processes. This study analyzed the functional diversity and metabolic potentials of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of a former grassland and an intensively cultivated land using a shotgun metagenomic approach. We assumed that functional

In the rhizosphere, the role of yeasts in microbial interactions and signaling is an open question. To study the influence of fungicides on yeast inactivation of N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing signals, we evaluated the resistance of Papiliotrema laurentii strains from tomato rhizosphere to CuSO4 and Cu2(OH)3Cl fungicides, and the copper effect on yeast quorum quenching. Copper resistance

Phytoparasitic nematodes are devastating pests that cause high yield losses in agriculture. A parasitic nematode injects effector molecules into root cells to manipulate the root cell processes. In response, plants activate their immune response against nematodes infection by recognizing the invasion through several different and complementary systems. Genomic techniques have identified putative nematode

Globally, sea levels are rising due to climate change which would influence the salinity levels in mangroves. In the framework of this study, we focused on the influence of salinity and differences of forest structure on the fine root biomass (FRB) and carbon stocks in the Sundarbans mangrove forest, Bangladesh. Also, the relationships FRB to different stand structural parameters were investigated

Endophytic fungi are potential antimicrobial agents that play an important role in improving plant growth. Endophytic fungi from healthy tomato plants have been evaluated for their potential antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas vesicatoria causing bacteria spot disease of tomato Thirty-eight different endophytic fungal isolates were isolated, and their extracts were screened for antibacterial

The balance in nutrient availability and retention after addition of biochar depends on the feedstock and application rates of the biochar in different soils. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the potential effect of biochar derived from poultry litter (PLB) and acacia (ACB) feedstocks on selected rhizospheric macro and micro-nutrients, shoot and root biomass, as well as nutrient uptake by chickpea

In the rhizosphere, plant growth is facilitated by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPRs like Actinobacteria can increase level of phosphate available to plants through P solubilization or mineralization. In this study we evaluated the ability of nine Phosphate Solubilizing Actinobacteria (PSA) to release P from rock phosphate (RP) and to promote maize growth and yield under in vitro and

The control of nitrogen (N) flows via nitrates leaching and nitrous oxide emission is crucial for a safe environment. Some plants have shown abilities to suppress soil nitrification by releasing biological inhibitors, such as sorgoleone in sorghum. We hypothesized that the N uptake capacity of plants partly influences soil nitrification, and so do the intensity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-sorghum

Azospirillum brasilense Sp245, a diazotrophic plant growth-promoting bacterium influences host plants via well-known mechanisms, gene interactions and confers abiotic and biotic stress tolerance mediated by signalling molecules. We present here, the functional characterization of a small RNA (sRNA), sSp_p6, identified from the 468 sRNAs identified in A. brasilense Sp245 and confirmed its involvement

The effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and Rhizobium inoculation on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth of common bean (cv. Red Guama, Phaseolus vulgaris) plants were investigated in growth chambers. Plants were exposed to: Fe3O4 NPs (2000 mg/L) (T1), Rhizobium inoculation (T2) and Fe3O4 NPs + Rhizobium inoculation (T3); non-treated plants were considered as controls. Harvested 35-day-old

Iron deficiency results in severe yield losses, particularly in calcareous soils. Recent evidences suggest that biofertilizers with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may be an efficient strategy for enhancing iron (Fe) nutrition in legumes. This work aimed at evaluating the capacity of PGPR strains to enhance Fe uptake-related processes in soybean grown in calcareous soil. From the studied

Although it has been realized that the maintenance of forest ecosystem structure and function and its response to environmental changes are closely related to root exudation, the effects of warming and soil nutrient availability on the root exudate carbon (C) inputs and soil nitrogen (N) transformation related microbial processes are still not well understood. In this study, a randomized block experiment

The objective of the study was to isolate and identify bacteria having plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) characteristics from the rhizosphere of wild orchids. Orchid plants belonging to the species of Anacamptis pyramidalis, Himantoglossum caprinum, Limodorum abortivum, Platanthera bifolia, Serapias vomeracea subsp. laxiflora, Spiranthes spiralis, Ophrys apifera, Ophrys sphegodes, Orchis

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important microorganisms that act as sensitive soil quality indicators. The increase in plant diversity in Integrated Crop Livestock Systems under no-tillage (ICLS-NT) can also alter the diversity of species of fungi and bring benefits to the system. This study had the objective of evaluating the AMF diversity and its quantitative characteristics in ICLS-NT with

Many publications have described eccentric growth (non-uniform growth of secondary xylem) caused by the death of the vascular cambium. The purpose of the present research was to determine if roots of Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC exhibited eccentric growth. Eccentric growth in roots of P. tridentata was studied with three sequential segments 8 mm apart for 5 roots. Data of the three sequential segments

In most terrestrial ecosystems, nitrogen (N) is an essential and often limiting element for living organisms. There is competition for the available N between roots, rhizosphere organisms and the overall soil food web. N derived from biological fixation in the soil reaches the above ground terrestrial food web through two pathways: from root uptake, and by successive predation on soil organisms. Considering

Vegetation is essential in constructing eco-slopes for environmental protection and restoration, as well as in minimizing soil erosion and landslide. The effects of vegetation on the hydraulic properties of the underlying soil cover, especially the saturated-unsaturated hydraulic properties during long-term drying-wetting cycles, are extremely important to assess the performance of an eco-slope, which

Endophytic fungi were able to protect their host plants against pathogens and promote plant growth. No previous studies have been conducted on the growth promotion of sunchoke by endophytic fungi. This research was the first to characterize plant growth promoting properties of endophytic fungi including, Macrophomina phaseolina BUP2/3 and Diaporthe phaseolorum BUP3/1 isolated from sunchoke and Daldinia

Salt stress affects plant growth and crop yield reduction, thus how to improve the salt tolerance of plants is full of challenges. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as an environment-friendly treatment to improve salt stress tolerance of plants is widely accepted and has big potential in field application. In this study, a halotolerant actinomycete Streptomyces sp. KLBMP5084 obtained from

In the last decades, the applications of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as inoculants for enhancing crops yield under different stress conditions have reached enormous interest. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a well-known rhizobacteria capable of colonizing roots of agronomically important crops. This work aims to evaluate three P. putida KT2440 mutants (mus-20, mus-42, and EU206), which

Biochar (B) and fertilizer (organic fertilizer, OF and synthetic fertilizer, CF) are frequently applied to improve ecosystem function and increase crop productivity in degraded soil. Nonetheless, the effects and mechanism of biochar in combination with OF and CF on degraded red soil was unclear. The aim was to study the influence of biochar and fertilizer related amendments in a degraded red soil on

Plant roots modify aggregation of rhizosphere soil. Oxisols, in turn, have very small, granular, stable and resistant aggregates. So, it is necessary a sensitive method to detect differences between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil or bulk soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate aggregation of rhizosphere soil and bulk soil under six cropping systems by turbidimetry and water percolation

In this study, we developed two new depth-decaying and depth-cumulative models for root length density and root mass density of winter barley. The performance of the new models was compared with the several existing depth-decaying and depth-cumulative root distribution models. The experimental treatments were the combinations of full, deficit, and rainfed irrigations under the raised bed and conventional

In this study, various bacterial strains were isolated from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) rhizosphere grown in an orchard with high soil salinity and tested for plant growth-promoting properties by producing microbial volatile compounds (mVOC). An Enterobacter cloacae SQU-2 (SQU-2) bacterial strain was identified, which enhanced the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia (Col-0) seedlings under

The response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-inoculated plants to environmental stresses including drought stress is a complex phenomenon that involves activation or modification of processes occurring at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. However, the information on the ionomic and biochemical responses of AMF-inoculated plants under drought stress is limited. This study aimed

Soil respiration is tightly linked to rhizosphere processes, which are characterized by high spatial variability. We tested whether planar optodes can be applied to capture this spatial variability of CO2 in the rhizosphere. Maize (Zea mays) was grown in rhizoboxes and CO2 concentration around roots was measured at three volumetric soil water contents (VWC) using planar optodes. Gradients of CO2 were

Quorum sensing (QS) is a well-known, cell density dependent regulatory process in bacterial communities. It is mediated by auto-induced synthesis of diffusible signal molecules once a critical cell density is reached. In Gram-negative bacteria, N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are QS-signal molecules involved in, for e.g. biofilm formation, activation of virulence genes of pathogens, and induction

Soil use and management modify mycorrhizal interactions, but how these changes affect the growth and nutrition of crops under different contexts has been poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spore communities belonging to two no-till cropping systems (soybean monoculture and soybean-maize rotation), and uncultivated grasslands

We compared putrescine metabolism in roots of tolerant maize cultivar (Karoon) to a susceptible cultivar (260) under drought stress. The experiment was conducted in growth chamber under controlled condition in 80 pots. Drought stress led to significant increase in root growth indices, H2O2 content and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase). The qPCR analysis

Biotic and abiotic constraints jeopardize the expansion of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation to the Cameroon warmer lowlands. The crop is traditionally perceived as a cooler region crop unsuited for the humid tropical areas. We surveyed 78 farmer's fields during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons, across 7 sub-divisions in the lowland agro-ecological zone of the Centre Region of Cameroon