Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) is an alternative source of natural rubber. Direct-seeding is critical to commercialization of guayule and quantifying variability in seed germination response to temperature is necessary. A thermogradient table was used to measure germination rates of the 44 most commonly available Parthenium accessions under 10 temperature gradients. The optimal temperature

The genus Hypericum comprises about 500 species, but mainly H. perforatum is frequently studied due to the long tradition of application thereof in medicine and ethnomedicine. In this work, metabolite profiling with the use of direct spectroscopic techniques (mass spectrometry/MS, infrared spectroscopy/IR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy/NMR) and gas chromatography (GC) were combined with multivariate

The bulbaceous herb Ledebouria revoluta (family Asparagaceae) is an important cardioprotective plant. Two different pathways of in vitro direct regeneration system consisting of somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis have been established for high-frequency micropropagation. A rectangular piece (6 × 10 mm2) of leaf lamina was used as an explant to study the morphogenetic regulation by exogenously

Pine resin is a highly valuable and sought-after non-timber forest product with multiple uses in many industrial sectors. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is the main tapped species in Europe, where resin tapping activities are concentrated in only a few specific Mediterranean regions. Although maritime pine also occupies vast extensions under Atlantic climates, the resin tapping potential of these

Essential oils (EOs) are promising active ingredients for biopesticides, although their use under field conditions is limited by several criticisms concerning their high volatility and degradability. To overcome these negative qualities, EOs can be encapsulated inside nanostructures (i.e. nanoparticles and nano-emulsions), which can guarantee the preservation of the insecticidal properties. In the

It is an increasing interest in developing a hydroponic culture system for ramie propagation, which provide a promising method for blocking-up the soilborne diseases. However, there is an urgent need for better understanding of ramie adaptation mechanism during hydroponic culturing under low-oxygen condition. In this study, a genome-wide study plus transcriptomic and proteomic analysis was conducted

During acidic pretreatments, both lignin and pseudo-lignin tend to form aggregated droplets on the surface of cellulose and further inhibit its enzymatic digestibility. However, the interaction performance between pseudo-lignin and enzymes is still obscure. In this work, acid pretreated bamboo residues (AP-BR) were extracted with 1, 4-dioxane to remove these droplets, which decreased the lignin content

Sugarcane straw was pretreated with acetic acid in a microwave-assisted process for further use in fermentative butyric acid production by Clostridium beijerinckii Br21. An experimental design with temperatures between 170 and 220 °C and acetic acid concentrations between 0.3 and 0.9 % (w/v) provided the optimal conditions (220 °C and 0.3 % acetic acid (w/v)) for maximum total sugar recovery (74 %)

Waste biomass composed of cork-rich and phloem-rich granules obtained from the fractioning of Quercus cerris L. bark were characterized for bulk density, chemical composition, bio-active components, ash composition, and higher heating value. Bulk density of the fractions relate to their cork content and deceases with smaller particle size due to a cork enrichment in the finer particles. The bulk density

In the present work, biodiesel esters were produced by enzymatic reaction of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) with ethanol using a dry fermented solid (DFS) with lipase activity obtained by Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) in palm cake and fiber in an integrated process. The DFS humidity showed to have a great influence on the productivities and ester yields. PFAD conversion of 75 % was obtained in

Starch is an important raw material in the fermentation industry for producing ethanol, which can then be used as renewable biofuel or as a basis for food, drink and pharmaceutical uses. Many tropical starch-producing plants are poorly exploited. Taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is a subsistence agriculture plant that has high starch content in its tubers but there have been few scientific studies

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), as an aromatic and medicinal plant, exhibits numerous of genotypes that have various applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, chemical composition is an important parameter for assessing the quality of basil. Hence, twelve European basil genotypes were cultivated under the same conditions, and isolated essential oils and methanol extracts were subjected

Snakins are cysteine-rich plant antimicrobial peptides that are important for plant defense responses to diverse pathogens, and a snakin gene, PnSN1, was cloned from Panax notoginseng to explore the role of snakin in the disease resistance mechanism of P. notoginseng. A gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that PnSN1 expression was responsive to a Fusarium solani infection

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a high-yielding C4 crop used not only to produce grains for food, feed, and industrial uses but also biomass (i.e., leaf and stem) for biofuel production. To take better advantage of its heterosis for both grain and biomass dual-purpose use, the combining ability of 34 cytoplasmic male sterile lines (female) were tested with 3 cytoplasmic male fertile restore

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the purification processes of the crude flavonoids of Carex meyeriana Kunth (CMK). The bioactivities of flavonoids were evaluated in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The weighted coefficients of comprehensive scoring method on AHP included recovery, purity, and decolorization rate

The use of renewable resources for the synthesis of macromolecular materials is a very promising strategy, which opens the way to the production of new polymers with a reduced environmental impact. Vegetable oils have been considered for this purpose for decades, with many well established commercial materials. Herein, tung oil and its major fatty acid methyl ester were submitted for the first time

The use of plant resources in different areas is increasing day by day. One of the uses of these resources is textile dyeing. In this study, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots were used for dyeing woolen fabrics. It is also aimed to give these dyed fabrics naturally antibacterial properties. In the dyeing process, copper (II) sulfate, tin chloride, iron (II) sulfate, zinc chloride and potassium aluminum sulfate

The cultivation of drug-type Cannabis sativa Lin. (C. sativa) employs a variety of rootzone systems, yet little is understood about rootzone-effects on plant physiology, inflorescence biomass, and cannabinoid potency. To determine if rootzone systems can affect C. sativa growth, physiology, and inflorescence biomass and phytochemicals, two C. sativa cultivars, colloquially known as ‘Nordle’ and ‘Sensi-Star’

Andrographolide, produced by Andrographis paniculata, is a popular “naturale antibiotics” with strong anti-inflammatory and antiviral biological activities. Knowledge of its biosynthesis has rapidly advanced since the genome sequence of Andrographis paniculata was released. However, the transcription factors (TFs) involved in andrographolide biosynthesis have rarely been investigated. Here, a genome-wide

Leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata severely affects the growth and yield of a high repute medicinal plant, Withania somnifera(L.) Dunal. Thus, to substantiate the growing demand of this plant, it is critical to develop suitable strategies to combat the effects of leaf spot disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulation is one of the key mechanisms for achieving biotic stress tolerance

The influence of meta-Topolin (mT) on micropropagation of Salvia sclarea L. (clary sage) was compared with N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN) and thidiazuron (TDZ). mT was superior over all other cytokinin for not only shoot regeneration but also rooting. The highest shoot number (4.9 shoots/explants) was noted on nodal segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium including 2.0 mg/L

Bambusa balcooa Roxb. is one of the economically most important bamboo species cultivated in the tropical countries. The present investigation is conceded to establish an effective method for clonal propagation of B. balcooa. The morphological response from nodal cuttings was tested on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) basal medium mixed with a range of combinations and concentrations of 6-furfurylaminopurine

The aim of this study was to determine carbohydrate recovery from hemp for ethanol production and quantify biodiesel from TAG (Triacylglycerol) present in hemp. The structural composition of five different hemp varieties (Seward County-SC, York County-YC, Loup County-LC, 19 m96136-19 m, and CBD Hemp-CBD) were analyzed. Concentration of glucan and xylan ranged between 32.63 to 44.52% and 10.62 to 15

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (G. pentaphyllum) is widely consumed in China because of various beneficial effects. This present study aimed to explore the sleep-enhancing activities of G. pentaphyllum. In the present study, saponin-rich fractions of GPMB and GPMS were extracted from G. pentaphyllum. The sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic functions in vivo were evaluated by behavioral tests

Biotic and abiotic elicitors have been reported to promote growth or multiplication as well as alter bioactive compositions of different plant species. Lavandula officinalis is a perennial plant, which produces fragrant flowers that are utilized to prepare the lavender oil. Lavender oil is rich in beta-linalool, cineol, camphor and many other bioactive compounds, which together contributes to its pain

Soy protein has been the most widely researched protein-based adhesive; however, soy protein remains an expensive product because of its competitive uses in both food and feed industries. To mitigate such competition, this project was aimed to investigate protein composites by mixing low value sorghum and canola proteins into soy proteins. In addition to cost reduction, a novel composite with optimal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and functional properties, in vitro digestibility, and storage stability of microencapsulated bioactive products from the Moringa stenopetala leaf extract using spray- and freeze-drying techniques. The techniques and the coating materials used had significant (p < 0.05) effects on these properties. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid

We have determined the chemical properties of Gmelina arborea and Sarcocephalus latifolius trunk wood (TW) and ramial chipped wood (RCW), in order to examine the applicability of RCWs in soil amendments. The results of the study of S. latifolius represent the first report on this species. Characterizations of TW and RCW samples included determination of extractives, Klason and acid soluble lignin,

Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an important commercial crop of the Rutaceae family, its peel is used as a condiment and also in traditional Chinese medicine. Seeds are rich in fatty acids but are usually rejected. To investigate the feasibility of using Z. bungeanum seeds to make biodiesel, techniques including GCMS, transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR were used to analyse the fatty acids content and gene

The concentrations of Q-markers are indexes used to evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. Predicting the yield of Q-markers would aid in decision-making in field management. Climatic factors are significant variables that affect the accumulation of Q-markers. The concentrations of Q-markers are also influenced by other metabolites as precursors or derivatives in the biosynthesis pathway

Paris polyphylla Smith is a perennial medicinal plant that is wildly distributed in China, and polyphyllin is the representative medicinal ingredient from the rhizome of this plant. To date, the mechanism of steroidal saponin biosynthesis in P. polyphylla is still unclear. In this study, comparative de novo transcriptome sequencing of the rhizomes, leaves and stems from P. polyphylla were performed

The fungi Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill. (R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.) and Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. (B. cinerea Pers. Fr.) are causal agents of important post-harvest diseases in strawberries. For their control, the essential oil (EO) extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus staigeriana Muell. ex Bailey (E. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey) and Eucalyptus urograndis W. Hill ex Maiden

Essential oils have attracted growing attention in the medicine field due to the significant bioactivities. The purpose of present study was devoted to optimizing the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) of sugarcane molasses essential oils (SMEO), compared with chemical components and extraction efficiency of SMEO using MAHD and hydrodistillation (HD) methods, and evaluating antioxidant and

The potential for wide-scale adoption of genetically engineered (GE) Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz in North America has raised ecological concerns of gene flow to its weedy relatives. The objectives of this study were to determine the pollen longevity, flowering phenology and seedbank persistence of C. sativa and congenic species. Percent pollen germination of all Camelina species was reduced with increasing

Plants of the family Brassicaceae are known to produce compounds with nematicidal activity, such as glucosinolates. Although these compounds may find application in the control of plant-parasitic nematodes, they are generally obtained as hydroalcoholic extracts, which can be toxic to plants and the environment. This study investigated the chemical composition of aqueous extracts of crambe (Crambe abyssinica

Achieving a resource-protecting and environment friendly provide chain whereas following economic development has consistently been the target of countries across the world. Bleaching of soybean, canola, olive, sunflower and palm oils by ultrasonic horn reactor as a green process was simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to determine the effect of viscosity, amplitude (180 and 360 W), frequency

The effectiveness and efficiency of a cosmetic product depends not only on the active ingredients, but also on the stability of formulation devoted in improving the bio-functionality. Thus, improving the stability of topical applications with vitamin E is important. The study aimed to optimise kenaf seed oil percentage on gel-cream formulations supplemented with palm-based α-tocopherol and determine

Epimedium plants are globally known for gardening and medicinal purposes. They are a potential resource of biologically active pharmaceutical compounds that can be used to treat various diseases. Among these compounds, icariin, a glycosylated flavonoid, has significant anti-tumor, bone growth, and neuroprotective effects; however, its biosynthetic pathway remains unknown. In this study, icariin accumulation

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is the most resistant agricultural pest species against synthetic pesticides. The search for botanical products that have mechanisms of action with lower residual effects and low toxicity to other animals has increased considerably. This study aimed to examine the phytochemical profile of Genipa americana L. and to evaluate the survival, reproductive, and feeding changes

To obtain biofuels or small molecule chemicals from biomass, cellulose is a challenge and enzymatic cellulase is normally required. In this study, Pleioblastus amarus (P. amarus) with high abundance and fast growth speed distributed in the southwest of China, was subjected to the hydrothermal pretreatment at different temperatures. The syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio of the hydrothermally pretreated