This erratum is to inform readers of an incorrect version of the article was published online first due to vendor errors.

A survey of viruses in papaya plants exhibiting leaf curl symptoms in Bangladesh showed the occurrence of three begomoviruses: tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus (ToLCJoV) and its betasatellite (ToLCJoB), tomato leaf curl New Dehli virus (ToLCNDV), and tomato leaf curl Bangladesh virus (ToLCBV). The full-length genome of ToLCJoV (MT127782) was determined and shown to be closely related to ToLCJoV isolates

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signal transduction mechanisms that connect plant cellular and nuclear responses, which play key roles in plant development and stress responses. Here, the novel MAPK kinase (MAPKK) gene MAPKK1 was isolated from Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene, and hydrogen peroxide treatments

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes Panama disease or Fusarium wilt of bananas. The association between soil-inhabiting fungi and nematodes can increase the severity of symptoms and suppress the resistance of plants to diseases. In this study, the interaction between Foc race 1 and Radopholus similis, a burrowing nematode that parasitizes banana plants, was analyzed using one moderately

During the winter of 2018, 3-years-old trees of avocado (Persea americana) cv “Hass” from Trapani province (Sicily, Italy) showed symptoms of stem and crown rot. Two different fungi were consistently isolated from infected tissues. Morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenies using five genomic loci (ITS, tef1, tub2, his3, and rpb2) identified these fungi as Cylindrocladiella peruviana

Banana is a staple food and cash crop grown in East and Central Africa (ECA). The main banana varieties grown in ECA are the East African highland bananas (EAHB), although dessert/beer bananas such as Sukari Ndizi, Kayinja (Pisang Awak) and Gros Michel are also produced due to their high value at local markets. The Fusarium wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes disease of susceptible

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is an apple disease that is causing concern to growers in Brazil due to the increases in severity over the years and the difficulties in control. To date there are few studies on the temporal progress of this disease specially comparing species of Colletotrichum. In Brasil the main species is C. fructicola followed by C. nymphaeae. It is not known the contribution of each

Fungal plant diseases driven by weather factors are common in European wheat and barley crops. Among these, septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), and stagonospora nodorum blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum) are common in the Nordic-Baltic region at variable incidence and severity both in spring and winter wheat fields. In spring barley, net blotch (Pyrenophora

The hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is the causative agent of Septoria tritici leaf blotch (STB) disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the economically most damaging disease of wheat in Europe. Today, ecofriendly plant protection methods compatible with sustainable agriculture are strongly desirable. Here, we tested two chemical inducers β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and benzo-(1,2,3)-t

The white mulberry (Morus alba L.) is particularly valued in Asia and Europe because its leaves serve as fodder for the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) in the production of raw silk (sericulture). However, the health of silkworm caterpillars producing silk fibres, and the quality of their cocoons depend strongly on fodder quality. Moreover, this plant is also valuable in the food and pharmaceutical

Soil-borne wheat mosaic disease (SBWMD) caused by wheat stripe mosaic virus (WhSMV) is one of the most important viral diseases of wheat in Brazil. Farmers have used crop rotation (CR) successfully to reduce the incidence of many diseases in wheat. CR can contribute along with genetic resistance in the management of SBWMD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of CR in SBWMD incidence

Little cherry virus 1 is one of the pathogens associated with little cherry disease of cherries. The host range of the virus is widening and recently it has been detected in apricot trees in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Morocco. To obtain a view about the importance of apricots in the epidemiology of the virus, a survey was conducted in Czech apricot-growing areas. Little cherry virus 1 was detected

Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is a highly destructive bacterial plant pathogen recognized as a group of genotypically-diverse strains with broad geographic distribution and wide host range. Strains are divided into four phylotypes (I, II, III and IV) relating to their geographical origins. Based on the polyphasic approach, phylotypes I and III have been reclassified as R. pseudosolanacearum

Antagonistic Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria can contribute to disease management by induction of host defenses and biological control of pathogens. The present study was thus planned to develop a bio-inoculant with the ability to promote plant growth and reduce disease incidence due to Fusarium oxysporum sp. ciceris in chickpea. Isolates of Mesorhizobium sp. (6) and endophytic bacteria (5) were

Long-term non-irrigation (N-IRR) and irrigation (IRR) might affect pathogen communities causing seed-rot, root-rot, and damping-off of soybean. Characterization and quantification of Pythium, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia spp. are critical for understanding the ecology of these microorganisms and management of root diseases. The populations and communities of Pythium, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia were assessed

A root-knot nematode (RKN) parasitizing rice (Oryza sativa L.) and causing damage in Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Paraná (PR) states (Brazil) was identified as Meloidogyne ottersoni (Thorne 1969) Franklin 1971. The species is redescribed from the Brazilian population from Meleiro (SC) and compared with the description of M. ottersoni from Wind Lake (Wisconsin, USA) with additional

Maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) is a single-stranded RNA polerovirus first identified in China. MaYMV was recently reported from West and East Africa, however it had not yet been reported from southern Africa. RNA-seq data from South African field-grown fungal-infected maize was mined for viral sequences by de novo assembly of reads that did not map to the maize or fungal genomes. Predicted proteins

During 2018–19, unusually higher incidences of inner cotton boll rot were reported in farmers’ fields from cotton growing tracts of Maharashtra. Extensive survey was conducted to investigate these instances of boll rot. An unusual emerging problem in cotton has been associated with reduced boll development and yield. Green bolls with and without any sign of damage were collected from farmers fields

This erratum is published as Third author name should be read as Elza Iouko Ida instead of Elza IoukoIda.

Water-soaked large spots on leaves, severe rot on the head and tissue collapse symptoms were observed on field-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in one of the most important lettuce growing areas in central Anatolia during 2018–2019. Bacteria were isolated from symptomatic lettuce plants. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on a curly lettuce variety, and the pathogenic strains were examined with biochemical

Potato ring rot and its causative pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) have been studied in Georgia for the first time. The samples were collected in the fields and potato storage facilities in various potato producing regions of Georgia. Potato tubers were also collected at agrarian markets and the border checkpoints, from which potatoes are imported from neighboring countries

Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone with a central role in plant protection against various types of stresses. Exogenous application of SA in plants often requires a fine adjustment of the pH in the applied solution as well as frequent foliar sprays with a rigorous handling of doses. This work investigates the preparation and characterization of nanocomposites composed of bentonite clays (Bent) and

Variation in susceptibility of 28 Prunus rootstock genotypes to the causal agents of Armillaria root rot, Armillaria mellea, A. solidipes, and Desarmillaria tabescens, were studied by conducting in vitro root screening assays. Root segments with wounded and intact periderm were placed next to and on the top of the fungal cultures. At day 21, the percent success of fungal penetration and the circumferential

Macrophomina phaseolina is a typical soilborne fungal pathogen causing crown and root rot in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) worldwide. M. phaseolina has become a major problem for strawberry growers parallel to the phase-out of methyl-bromide since 2004 and is considered the most destructive soilborne pathogen of strawberry since then. Global warming is characterized by extreme weather conditions

Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is the most widely cultivated mushroom globally. Wet bubble disease (WBD), mainly caused by Mycogone perniciosa, is a major threat to A. bisporus production worldwide. In the current study, it was expected to select safe fungicides that can successfully control WBD on mushroom due to the biological similarity of A. bisporus and M. perniciosa. The in vitro sensitivity

Pecan bacterial leaf scorch (PBLS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa has been reported in Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Accurate methods are critical for the early detection of X. fastidiosa, but the validation of current diagnostic tools for pecan has yet to be investigated. Collected petioles, leaflets, and shoots from pecan and other Carya relatives in Texas, Indiana

Huanglongbing disease affects the Rutaceae family and is associated with three phloem-limited bacterium species: Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, africanus and americanus. These species are considered quarantine pathogens in the world, and pose major risks for citrus production and industry. Due to the low titer and the uneven distribution of the bacteria within its host plant, conventional PCR detection

A total of 377 lines from Sorghum Association Panel (SAP) grouped into 10 subpopulations based on eight phenotypic traits, including flag leaf width, terminal branch length, flag leaf height, and flowering time and genetic data were evaluated for grain mold resistance by inoculating them with Alternaria alternata alone, a mixture of A. alternata, Fusarium thapsinum, and Curvularia lunata, and untreated

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the mycotoxins produced by its causal agents in oats (Avena sativa L.) have become a growing problem in northern countries over the last decades. The development of resistant cultivars would offer a highly needed and economical solution to the problem. To tackle the high genotype×environment interaction of FHB, a combined analysis was carried out on eight greenhouse and

Buxus spp. are possibly endangered by fungal pathogens of the genus Calonectria. The first documented occurrence of the pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata in the Czech Republic, in 2010, was on young plants in a plant production nursery. In 2017 and 2018, Calonectria spp. were monitored on established landscape plants in 27 historical gardens. Leaf spots and dieback of the plants were recorded in

Fungal pathogens secrete effector molecules into host plant cells to suppress host immunity to colonize plants. Ongoing efforts are being made to identify and characterize effector proteins in many fungal plant pathogens. Nevertheless, the precise biological and biochemical functions of many effectors, such as their trafficking from the pathogen to the host, have yet to be fully understood. In this

Development of a sustainable agriculture is a current trend searching for alternative and more environmentally friendly strategies to control crop diseases. The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, affects crops pre- and post-harvest and cause huge economical losses. Microorganisms and microbially-derived elicitors are known to induce plant defences. Here, we study

Eleven coelomycetous fungi were isolated from diseased leaves of Lasia spinosa (Araceae) in Guangxi Province, China. These isolates produced sporodochial and myrothecium-like conidiomata. Multi-gene analyses (ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb2, tub2 and tef1) showed that these isolates belonged to Xepicula group with a close relationship to X. leucotricha, but formed an independent branch with high bootstrap support

Needle nematodes are polyphagous root-ectoparasites parasitizing a wide range of economically important plants not only by directly feeding on root cells, but also by transmitting nepoviruses. This study deciphers the diversity of the complex Longidorus goodeyi through integrative diagnosis method, based on a combination of morphological, morphometrical, multivariate analysis and molecular data. A

Pythium myriotylum is a destructive soil-borne phytopathogen, causing yield losses in ginger and many other crops. Environmental and regulatory concerns drive the need to find biological alternatives to conventional pesticides used to manage P. myriotylum. Trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) alone, and fermentation broth from strains of symbiotic bacteria of eight species of entomopathogenic nematodes alone

Symptoms of severe stunting, little leaf, yellowing and axillary shoot proliferation were recorded on chickpea plants in three northern states of India (New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan) during January–March, 2017–2018 with disease incidences of 6–56%. Nested PCR assays with phytoplasma-specific universal primer pairs (P1/P7 and 3Far/3Rev) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the association

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) is an important soil-borne disease of cucumber in several parts of the world. In this study, we employed amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers along with bulked segregant analysis (BSA), in order to identify structural markers linked to the Foc gene that governs resistance to FOC races 1, 2 and 3 in the resistant cv

Phytopathogens causing mycotoxicoses in maize are a potential threat to grain quality and availability in many maize producing countries including South Africa. The use of natural biological agents for controlling maize fusariosis and many other such plant diseases, as opposed to the more traditional use of chemicals, is growing in popularity globally, as a greater emphasis gets placed on public health

Fire blight disease, caused by plant pathogenic bacteria Erwinia amylovora represents a global threat for pome fruit industry, affecting yield and causing serious economic damage. During six year period (2011–2016), a total of 45 isolates typical for E. amylovora were isolated from four different host plants (apple, pear, quince and medlar) in 21 localities within four Serbian regions (Southeast, Central

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Pratylenchus brachyurus parasitism on the vegetative and nematological parameters of soybean, as well as on the productivity, composition, isoflavone profile and antioxidant capacity of the grains. A completely randomized design with four nematode inoculum levels (0, 500, 1000 and 2000) was used. Plants without P. brachyurus presented higher productivity

Recently, more and more new fungal pathogens have been described as causal agents of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), which lead to increasingly significant economic losses in viticulture worldwide. The genus Neofabraea consists of species mainly known as important plant pathogens causing perennial canker and bull’s eye rot, a common postharvest disease of apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis)

Viral pathogens significantly affect pear growth and reduce annual production across the world. This study aimed to examine whether conventional virus elimination methods, including thermotherapy (0, 7, 14 and 21 d at 38 °C), meristem culture (less than 0.2 mm, between 0.2 to 0.7 mm and larger than 0.7 mm) and adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants can lead to virus-free pear seedlings

The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) in the penetration, development, and multiplication of P. brachyurus in maize. For this, maize seedlings cv. AL Bandeirantes, after 10 days of germination, were inoculated with 800 nematodes. Part of the plants were treated with ASM sprayed at the dose 0.25 g a.i. L−1, while another part were inoculated but not treated

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is one of the most destructive wheat diseases worldwide. F. graminearum is the dominant pathogen of FHB in Henan Province. Epoxiconazole is a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide, and is the main fungicide for controlling FHB in China. In this study, 118 F. graminearum isolates were collected from different regions

Wilt disease complex is one of the most important diseases of tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa) in the production areas of Mexico. Disease symptoms include wilting, poor growth, discoloration of vascular tissues, root rot, and death of plants. The aims of this study were to identify the fungi associated with wilt disease complex of tomatillo by the combination of phylogenetic analyses and morphological

An investigation employing a detached leaf assay was performed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) augmented Calothrix elenkinii against Alternaria alternata infection in tomato. A dose of 50 mg l− 1 AgNPs was selected, which was based on chlorophyll accumulation (as an index of C. elenkinii growth), microscopic observations and biocidal potential of AgNPs against A

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite begomovirus affecting cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops in the Mediterranean basin since the 2012. It has been categorized as quarantine pest according to the new EU Plant Health Regulation 2016/2031. In order to obtain a reliable and specific diagnostic method to detect the virus, a new primers and probe set, targeting the BC1 region of

Silicon (Si) efficiently controls Podosphaera xanthii in melon by affecting epidemic components related to the infection and colonization processes. Root amendments of Si prime melon defences, but its mode of action when sprayed on the leaves is unknown. The effects of potassium silicate (PS) on the development of the pathogen were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Both forms of PS application

The virome of babaco (Vasconcellea x heilbornii) —a non-traditional fruit crop native to Ecuador— was investigated by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) on plants obtained from a commercial nursery. Six virus-like sequences were detected, including the full length of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and an RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) sequence with homology to papaya virus Q. Three RNA sequences were

Brown rot disease caused by fungal species from the Monilinia genus has recently been observed as one of the most important limiting factors for yield and quality of peach fruits in Turkey. During June and July of 2018, field trips to different peach orchards were performed in six provinces located in four different geographical regions of Turkey. One hundred and twenty-nine isolates were obtained

Thladiantha dubia mosaic virus (ThDMV) from the wild Manchurian tuber gourd (Thladiantha dubia Bunge, Cucurbitaceae), is a novel tentative specie of the genus Potyvirus within the family Potyviridae. It may pose a potential risk to both cultivated crops and plants in the natural ecosystem. In the present study, we developed an ELISA procedure for detection of ThDMV. Coat protein (CP) of ThDMV was successfully

Zymoseptoria tritici causes septoria tritici blotch (STB), the predominant fungal disease in wheat in Denmark and Sweden. Disease control is highly reliant on fungicides in the group of demethylation inhibitors (DMI). The use of DMIs has increased steadily since their introduction in the 1970s. Epoxiconazole and prothioconazole were the most widely used active ingredients in the last ten years. The

Rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei = V. virgatum) comprises much of the blueberry acreage in the southeastern USA states of Louisiana and Mississippi. Three genotypes of X. fastidiosa were identified from rabbiteye blueberry in Louisiana by multilocus sequence typing. A genotype that was found at two orchards, sequence type (ST) 42, was identical to one previously found in southern highbush blueberry

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects conferred by polysaccharides obtained from basidiocarps discarded from the commercial production of Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom) in tomato cultivars against bacterial spot disease and to study their mode of action. Among 13 cultivars analyzed for resistance to Xanthomonas gardneri cvs. Kada, Natália and Sena were selected and sprayed with

Second only to brown rot caused by Monilinia spp., grey mould caused by Botrytis spp. is one of the most important pre- and post-harvest diseases of stone fruit in northern Germany. Among 484 Botrytis isolates from sweet cherries produced under integrated pest management (IPM), 60.3% showed resistance to QoI fungicides and 54.6% to boscalid, reflecting the heavy use of these compounds in regional production

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is an economically important pathogen that has caused serious damage to pine forests. Fatty acid and retinol-binding proteins (FARs) are nematode-specific proteins. One FAR gene, Bx-FAR-1, was identified from the transcriptome of B. xylophilus as a putative effector. It was upregulated in both highly and weakly virulent isolates in early infection stages. Transient expression

Chrysanthemum plants showing symptoms typically induced by phytoplasmas, characterized by colour-breaking and virescence, were found with high incidences in commercial fields. Based on these symptoms, the present investigation aimed to confirm the association of phytoplasmas with affected plants. Expected genomic fragments of 1.2 Kb were generated by nested PCR revealing the occurrence of phytoplasma

As the largest family among the plant resistance (R) proteins, the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins play significant roles in the defense of pathogens. The completion and improvement of banana reference sequence make a systematic insight into the banana NBS-LRR protein family possible. In this study, a total of 98 NBS-LRR proteins were identified from the banana genome

Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne pathogen that causes wilt in many economically important crops. It produces melanized microsclerotia for its long-term survival in soil. Accurate quantification of viable microsclerotia in soil prior to planting is essential for predicting the risk of wilt. Melanin is believed to help microsclerotia resist to or tolerate abiotic stresses. We studied the temporal

Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boed, the causal agent of Curvularia leaf spot, is an important fungal pathogen in maize. Iron deficiency or excess plays a crucial role in mycelial growth and virulence of plant pathogenic fungi. In this study, the following pathogenic characteristics of C. lunata under different Fe3+ concentrations were investigated: mycelial growth, conidiation, conidium germination, virulence