Croatian isolates of Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa and M. fructigena have been collected from peach, nectarine, sweet cherry, plum and apricot fruits and assessed for their sensitivity to thiophanate-methyl. Out of 66 isolates collected, 34 were identified as M. fructicola (52%), 22 as M. fructigena (33%) and 10 as M. laxa (15%). Mycelial radial growth on water agar amended with thiophanate-methyl

Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) is a serious grapevine trunk disease (GTD) that causes large losses in yield and shortens the productive life of vineyards. Neofusicoccum parvum is one of the main causal agents of BD. Currently there are no curative fungicides to eradicate this disease; therefore, the use of tolerant cultivars to BD could be considered an interesting and sustainable alternative for its

To evaluate the effect of mixed infection of two main pathogens of tomato in Iran, the interaction between tomato big bud phytoplasma (TBBP, 16SrII-D) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was investigated under greenhouse condition. Tomato plants were graft-inoculated either with TBBP or TYLCV alone or together simultaneously and non-simultaneously. Symptoms expression and incubation period of

Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) is an important plant pathogen that causes severe diseases in tobacco plants. In recent years, this virus has been reported in a number of ornamental plants. However, it has never been reported from Japanese iris, a famous traditional ornamental plant distributed in Asian countries. In this study, the near-complete bipartite genome of a nepovirus (TRSV-Iris) infecting

Fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae are known as pathogens of diverse woody hosts, including forest tree species. Although, several of these fungi have been described in different forest hosts in Portugal, their diversity and distribution is still poorly understood. A survey was conducted across the country to identify Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with the main forest tree species in Portugal

Ninety five bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere and soils of flower crops, specifically gerbera, carnation and tuberose, were preliminarily screened against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gerberae in vitro along with five elite strains Bbv 57, EPCO 16, EPC 5, EPC 8 and Pf 1 obtained from Department of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore, India. The results revealed that the strain Bbv 57

Soft-rot disease on Dendrobium nobile observed in a commercial farm in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India was investigated. Disease etiology is reported along with phenotypic, molecular identification of the pathogen. Infected leaves showed rot symptoms characterized by irregular water-soaked lesions on the leaf margin that rapidly spread over the entire leaf. Milky exudation on the cut end

Endophytic microbes conferring biocontrol are an eco-friendly alternative to control diseases in crops. Unfortunately, the use of endophytes to control diseases is not yet widespread as their application in agricultural settings is challenging and the outcome variable. Translating strains that perform well under laboratory conditions to the field poses several challenges. One is large scale inoculum

Austrocedrus chilensis [D.Don] Pic. Serm. et Bizarri (Pinales: Cupressaceae) is a keystone tree species in South America. Mortality of A. chilensis has been reported over most of its distribution in Argentina, and Phytophthora austrocedri has been identified as the causal agent. The aim of this work was to evaluate rhizospheric microorganisms present in A. chilensis roots as biocontrol agents against

The parameterisation process of a previously developed modelling structure of the grapevine-downy mildew pathosystem is described. The model incorporates primary and secondary infections, host crop growth and development, along with a linkage between disease on foliage and disease on clusters. This process-based model was developed with a main objective of understanding the behaviour of the pathosystem

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, can result in devastating economic losses in small grain cereal crops. Management of FHB is by a combination of strategies and tactics including cultivar resistance, fungicide application at anthesis, and cultural practices such as crop rotation, tillage, and irrigation management. This study evaluated, under field conditions, the effects

Botryosphaeriaceous fungi associated with holm (Q. ilex) and cork (Q. suber) oak trees exhibiting dieback symptoms and cankers in Algeria, were sampled in twelve regions with different ecological conditions. Based on phylogenetic analyses of ITS and tef1-α loci, 13 species were identified. Three species (Diplodia corticola, Dothiorella iberica and Botryosphaeria dothidea) were found to be common to

The highly variable nature of Albugo candida pathogen in terms of number of races/pathotypes poses a challenge in the proper identification. Therefore, in this study characterization and identification of 33 A. candida isolates of Indian origin have been done on the basis of molecular and host differentials studies. Molecular characterization using ITS and COX2 gene yielded 1250 bp and 650 bp bands

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) has caused severe damage to kiwifruit plantations worldwide. It is still crucial to find compounds that are able to control the disease. In this work we developed a time and space-saving leaf disk assay using highly susceptible yellow-fleshed cultivars. The assay enabled 29 molecules/compounds to be screened in relation to their capacity to condition the development

Colletotrichum leaf disease (CLD), mainly caused by the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC), is a serious disease of rubber tree in most rubber-growing countries. Few fungicides are available for rubber farmers to manage this disease. To control CLD effectively, it is important to test the baseline sensitivity and efficacy of fungicides against CGSC isolates. Penthiopyrad is a new

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is an important pathogen of potato infecting leaves, tubers as well as true potato seeds. We developed and validated a reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) platform for visual, rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of PSTVd. The optimization of RT-LAMP reaction conditions and reagents concentrations were carried out with time

The vector-borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca is the etiological agent of important plant diseases, such as citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). Biological studies are relatively scarce for CVC, in part because citrus is a low titer woody host, in which X. fastidiosa has a long incubation period and low transmission efficiency by vectors. To optimize transmission bioassays, this study was

The antifungal compounds in a culture filtrate of Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 (culture filtrate RL-1-178) have been found to include acetic acid as their major component. The aim of this study was to compare the biocontrol efficacy of culture filtrate RL-1-178 with its major component at various concentrations, in inhibiting the growth of green mold disease from Penicillium digitatum, in vitro

In the present paper we have used a non-contact and non-destructive laser biospeckle technique for detection, differentiation and mapping of non-infected region of a fresh Indian gooseberry and bright yellow and blue regions of a blue mold disease infected Indian gooseberry (Emblica Officinalis G.) for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Existing image processing algorithms such as Co-occurrence

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic relationship and diversity of Fusarium species associated with pink ear rot of maize. Three Fusarium species – F. verticillioides, F. temperatum and F. subglutinans sensu stricto were collected from contaminated corn kernels. A collection of 41 randomly selected Fusarium isolates (16 F. verticillioides, 16 F. temperatum and

Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.) is a soil-borne pathogen able to cause yield losses in eggplant, Solanum melongena L., one of the most important vegetable crops in the Mediterranean basin. In this study, an experiment was conducted to assess physiological and biochemical mechanisms modulating the interactions between S. melongena cv. Violetta di Rimini and V. dahliae strain VdGL16 in leaves at different

Ascochyta rabiei asexual spores (conidia) were assumed to spread over short distances (~10 m) in a combination of rain and strong wind. The potential distance of conidial spread was investigated in three rainfall and three sprinkler irrigation events. Chickpea trap plants were distributed at the distances of 0, 10, 25, 50 and 75 m from infected chickpea plots before scheduled irrigation and forecast

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is one of the important pathogens responsible for damage of the papaya crop and causes significant yield loss of fruits and vegetable worldwide and hence a serious threat. In this study, PRSV-infected plant samples collected from different locations in North 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal, were tested with potyvirus specific ELISA and further confirmed with potyvirus

In summer 2019, perithecia superficial on the leaf sheath near the base of the stem were visually observed on stalks of winter wheat cultivar Ceylon in Southwest Finland. Mycological examination and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene sequence of single ascospore isolates determined that they were Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis Wineland). According

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) can parasitize and reduce yields of nearly all agricultural crops. Although migration studies focus on the model species, M. incognita, there is little information about M. enterolobii, which has been a major threat for guava in Brazil. The vertical migration of second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. enterolobii and M. incognita was evaluated to determine the effect

‘Peroba rosa’ (Aspidosperma polyneuron Muell. Arg.) is a forest species native to Brazil, which is threatened of extinction due to intense predatory exploitation. Knowing the physiological and sanitary aspects of the seeds or seedlings of native species is essential to determine the viability of the establishment of seedlings and natural regeneration. In tropical regions such as Brazil, the susceptibility

The complete genomic sequence of cassava common mosaic virus isolate Linggao (CsCMV-LG) was determined from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with mild foliar mosaic symptom in Hainan Province, China. Excluding the poly(A) tail, the CsCMV-LG genome (GenBank accession No. MT038420) is 6374 nucleotides (nts) in length, with five major open reading frames encoding a 1450-amino acids (aa) RNA-dependent

Macrophomina phaseolina is the causal agent of charcoal rot disease of melons causing significant losses worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is a desirable method for controlling this disease, but there is no information about the influence of temperature on the resistant behavior found in melon accessions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of temperature on the reaction of

Pythium isolates from diseased and dead bait plants of maize and cress grown in compost or various soils (maize fields, parkland under deciduous trees, grassland) were characterised and tested for pathogenicity to maize (Zea mays L.). In pot tests performed under controlled conditions, pathogenicity of the isolates to maize was apparent by reduction of root and shoot growth, whereas damping-off of

Blast disease is one of the most important diseases of rice with the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae as the causal agent. This research was carried out to evaluate the blast resistance in aerobic rice genotypes in comparison with Iranian lowland rice cultivars as a randomized complete block design by measuring area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) on 53 rice genotypes with three replications in 2017

Nematicidal activities of 17 phytochemicals belonging to the monoterpene, sesquiterpene, phenylpropene and alkaloid classes were assessed in vitro and in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that, based on LC50 values, monoterpenes and phenylpropenes were more toxic than sesquiterpenes and alkaloids to second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica. α-Terpinene (LC50 = 36

The Brassica genotypes selected for the experiments were previously found to be resistant to various Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes (Pb). Their interaction with pathotypes Pb2, Pb3 and Pb9 isolated in Poland was studied, using macroscopic observation for the presence of root galls, microscopic observations of P. brassicae plasmodia in the root hairs and quantitative PCR for determination of the

Although resistance to diseases is genetically controlled, the environment has a strong influence on the reaction of plants to pathogens. Thus, the selection of superior genotypes in plant breeding programs can be more efficient the more intrinsically the environmental factors that influence the trait of interest are considered. This study aimed to investigate the adaptive genetic capacity of popcorn

The genus Dolichodorus was discovered from a natural forest in Gilan province, north Iran, in association with an oak tree. The recovered population represents a new species, and was described and illustrated based upon morphological and molecular data, as D. rex n. sp. It is characterized by 2171–3275 μm long females having offset crown-like cephalic region with well sclerotized cephalic framework

Three new species-specific primer sets were designed to detect C. truncatum, C. gloeosporioides species complex, and C. scovillei, which were reported as the cause of chili anthracnose disease. These new primers were designed based on the sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region to amplify and identify short size target DNA (<200 bp). The short size target DNA is more efficient for

Global trading of plant materials, in combination with agricultural practices, may facilitate the spreading of cyst nematodes to so far non-infected areas. Recently Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN) was recognized to be present in Indonesia and both diversity and distribution require further study. Assessment of PCN populations was done by collecting soil samples, determination of morphological characteristics

This erratum is published due to:

Bacterial canker of stone fruit is a destructive disease of Prunus species. Here we characterized five Pseudomonas syringae (Ps) strains isolated from bacterial cankers of stone fruits in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Koch’s postulates were performed demonstrating pathogenicity on apricot cuttings. Ice-nucleation activity and syringomycin synthesis were determined phenotypically and confirmed molecularly

Plum leaf scald (PLS) is a serious disease caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, a pathogenic bacterium transmitted by xylem-sap feeding leafhoppers, commonly named sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). In Brazil, the development of plum genotypes that apparently are not infected under field conditions has opened new perspectives for disease control based on host plant resistance

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Bhutan, but currently production is seriously affected by a wilt disease. Although chilli wilt was first reported in Bhutan in 1995, the causal pathogen has never been formally identified. The aim of this study was to identify the causative agent of wilt epidemics on chilli in Bhutan and to investigate the morphological and genetic variations

Plasmopara viticola is a plant pathogenic oomycete that causes downy mildew in grapevines. Shine Muscat, a hybrid grapevine cultivar of Vitis vinifera and V. labrascana produced in Japan, exhibits resistance to P. viticola. Transcriptome analyses were performed to elucidate the mechanism of defense against P. viticola infection in Shine Muscat. Using two sets of RNA seq data and V. vinifera genome

Vendor overlooked corrections related with Fig. 2 legends and needs to be correctly read as.

Many Mediteranean isolates of Rosellinia necatrix, causing root rot in avocado, have previously been screened for viruses. Among them is isolate Rn459 that has been shown to be infected by at least three viruses such as Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 10 (RnPV10), Rosellinia necatrix hypovirus 2 (RnHV2), Rosellinia necatrix fusagravirus 1 (RnFGV1), and Rosellinia necatrix virga-like virus (RnVLV)

Three novel viruses were detected from Japanese persimmon ‘Reigyoku’ (Diospyros kaki), which grows poorly when top-grafted onto some interstocks. The genomic characterization and the phylogenetic analysis of these viruses indicated that they are likely new members of the genera Ampelovirus, Polerovirus, and Waikavirus, tentatively named Persimmon ampelovirus (PAmpV), Persimmon polerovirus (PPolV),

Breeding varieties for increased disease resistance is a major means to control epidemics. However, the deployment of resistance genes through space and time drives the genetic composition of the pathogen population, directionally altering pathotype frequencies. In France, Leptosphaeria maculans causes stem canker on Brassica napus oilseed rape crops but not on B. juncea condiment mustard. Prior to

Pear scab caused by Venturia nashicola is a devastating disease responsible for huge economic losses to the pear industry. The enhancement of pear resistance to scab by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was evaluated in the susceptible cultivar ‘Xuehua’ and the resistant cultivar ‘Huangguan’ of Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). The regulatory mechanism of MeJA was analyzed by measuring the activities

Ceratocystis wilt, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is an important disease that causes the decline and death of mango trees. Root infection by soil inoculum is common, and in such cases, the use of resistant plants is recommended. Because many commonly used cultivars are susceptible to the pathogen, an alternative method to manage the disease is needed, such as the use of Trichoderma spp. as a biological

Downy mildew, caused by the obligate oomycete Peronospora effusa (Pfs), is the most economically important disease of spinach. In recent years, numerous new races of the pathogen have overcome the resistance used in newly released cultivars. Resistance to Pfs in spinach is predominantly governed by dominant major resistance genes (RPFs) that are widely used in commercial spinach hybrid cultivars. Currently

This erratum is to inform readers of an incorrect version of the article was published online first due to vendor errors.

A survey of viruses in papaya plants exhibiting leaf curl symptoms in Bangladesh showed the occurrence of three begomoviruses: tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus (ToLCJoV) and its betasatellite (ToLCJoB), tomato leaf curl New Dehli virus (ToLCNDV), and tomato leaf curl Bangladesh virus (ToLCBV). The full-length genome of ToLCJoV (MT127782) was determined and shown to be closely related to ToLCJoV isolates

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signal transduction mechanisms that connect plant cellular and nuclear responses, which play key roles in plant development and stress responses. Here, the novel MAPK kinase (MAPKK) gene MAPKK1 was isolated from Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene, and hydrogen peroxide treatments

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes Panama disease or Fusarium wilt of bananas. The association between soil-inhabiting fungi and nematodes can increase the severity of symptoms and suppress the resistance of plants to diseases. In this study, the interaction between Foc race 1 and Radopholus similis, a burrowing nematode that parasitizes banana plants, was analyzed using one moderately

During the winter of 2018, 3-years-old trees of avocado (Persea americana) cv “Hass” from Trapani province (Sicily, Italy) showed symptoms of stem and crown rot. Two different fungi were consistently isolated from infected tissues. Morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenies using five genomic loci (ITS, tef1, tub2, his3, and rpb2) identified these fungi as Cylindrocladiella peruviana

Banana is a staple food and cash crop grown in East and Central Africa (ECA). The main banana varieties grown in ECA are the East African highland bananas (EAHB), although dessert/beer bananas such as Sukari Ndizi, Kayinja (Pisang Awak) and Gros Michel are also produced due to their high value at local markets. The Fusarium wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes disease of susceptible

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is an apple disease that is causing concern to growers in Brazil due to the increases in severity over the years and the difficulties in control. To date there are few studies on the temporal progress of this disease specially comparing species of Colletotrichum. In Brasil the main species is C. fructicola followed by C. nymphaeae. It is not known the contribution of each

Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942 is a seed-borne nematode and causes economic yield losses in rice. Information on the viability of A. besseyi in stored rice seeds is important to manage this nematode. In this study, propidium monoazide (PMA) and Reagent D, combined with qPCR, were used for discrimination of viable A. besseyi individuals. A. besseyi individuals that were live, stored for 1 year

Fungal plant diseases driven by weather factors are common in European wheat and barley crops. Among these, septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), and stagonospora nodorum blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum) are common in the Nordic-Baltic region at variable incidence and severity both in spring and winter wheat fields. In spring barley, net blotch (Pyrenophora

The hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is the causative agent of Septoria tritici leaf blotch (STB) disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the economically most damaging disease of wheat in Europe. Today, ecofriendly plant protection methods compatible with sustainable agriculture are strongly desirable. Here, we tested two chemical inducers β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and benzo-(1,2,3)-t

The white mulberry (Morus alba L.) is particularly valued in Asia and Europe because its leaves serve as fodder for the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) in the production of raw silk (sericulture). However, the health of silkworm caterpillars producing silk fibres, and the quality of their cocoons depend strongly on fodder quality. Moreover, this plant is also valuable in the food and pharmaceutical

Soil-borne wheat mosaic disease (SBWMD) caused by wheat stripe mosaic virus (WhSMV) is one of the most important viral diseases of wheat in Brazil. Farmers have used crop rotation (CR) successfully to reduce the incidence of many diseases in wheat. CR can contribute along with genetic resistance in the management of SBWMD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of CR in SBWMD incidence