Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boed, the causal agent of Curvularia leaf spot, is an important fungal pathogen in maize. Iron deficiency or excess plays a crucial role in mycelial growth and virulence of plant pathogenic fungi. In this study, the following pathogenic characteristics of C. lunata under different Fe3+ concentrations were investigated: mycelial growth, conidiation, conidium germination, virulence

Risk models for decisions on fungicide use based on weather data, disease monitoring, and control thresholds are used as important elements in a sustainable cropping system. The need for control of leaf blotch diseases in wheat (caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, Parastagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) vary significantly across years and locations. Disease development is mainly driven

Angular Leaf Spot (ALS), caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola, is an important disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Previous studies demonstrated that P. griseola and Phaseolus vulgaris have co-evolved, resulting in the classification of the fungus into Middle American and Andean populations that reflect the evolutionary history of the host. However, an unusual group of P. griseola

A new spiral nematode Helicotylenchus asiaticus n. sp., recovered from sandy rhizosphere of Poa pratensis from Korea, is characterized based on integrative taxonomy, considering both morphological and molecular phylogenetic inferences from analyses of the 28S-rRNA and ITS-rRNA gene sequences. Additionally, H. caudatus is characterized for the first time outside its type locality; notes on the taxonomic

Bacterial stalk soft rot have been repeatedly observed on maize plants in several commercial fields in northern part of Serbia in the period of 1990 to 2014. The occurrence of the disease corresponded with warm weather and increased humidity. Etiological studies of the diseased tissue constantly resulted in isolation of pectolytic bacterial strains. In order to identify the isolated bacteria, twenty-three

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an important fruit-tree at southwestern Turkey, as this region (Antalya and Muğla provinces) produces and exports the great majority of the pomegranate fruits of the country. Pomegranate orchards showing severe dieback and tree mortality in the region were surveyed to determine the role of Phytophthora spp. in symptom development. Root (from 51 trees) and soil (from

In nature, plants are typically exposed to various pathogens. A pathogen infestation either strengthens or weakens plant resistance against subsequent pathogen attacks, depending on the different plant-pathogen systems. In this study, it is reported that aphids induce tobacco systemic acquired resistance against the soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. It was found that aphid feeding significantly

The soil-borne pathogen Setophoma terrestris is the causal agent of pink root of onion, one of the most challenging diseases in onion production. Conventional approaches for managing the disease like solarization, soil fumigation and crop rotation have not been proven effective enough. In this work, we evaluated the biocontrol capacity of Bacillus subtilis ALBA01 (BsA01) against S. terrestris, in a

Cassava is a starch-rich, high-calorie tuberous root used as human and animal food, as well as an input material in various industries. Black root rot (BRR) and stem cutting dry rot (SCDR) are cassava diseases that compromise product quality and can greatly reduce crop yields. Consequently, the aim of this study was to identify Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with both diseases in areas of the

Bacterial wilt of potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a severe threat to potato cultivation in Kerman province, located in southeastern Iran and the third largest potato producer in the country. The present study intends to determine the precise phylogenetic position, sequevar, and genetic diversity of R. solanacearum strains associated with the disease. To this end, the major potato-growing

In recent years the search for beneficial microorganisms that could induce plant growth has increased. Most have been found on crop seeds, soil and on the rhizosphere. In this work, we collected mature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris var. Pinto Saltillo in Zacatecas, Mexico; and isolated endophytic fungi from these samples. Three different fungal strains were obtained. Sequencing analysis showed that one

The causal agent of red root rot disease of common vetch (Vicia sativa) on the far North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, has been identified as Atractiella rhizophila. This basidiomycete infected root tissues directly without specialized appressoria, and developed as a necrotroph in the cortex external to the stele. It has been recorded previously as a non-pathogenic endophyte of Populus spp.

Fluopyram, an excellent nematicide, has better water solubility than abamectin; this feature is important for its systemic transport in trees as a trunk-injection agent. To identify the potential of fluopyram as a trunk-injection agent against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, its toxicity to different developmental stages and effects on the egg hatching and reproduction of B. xylophilus were studied. Fluopyram

Faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) (genus Nanovirus; family Nanoviridae) is a multipartite virus comprising eight circular single-stranded DNA components, each about 1 kb in length. Also, two alphasatellites have often been reported to be associated with FBNSV infection. The only full-length genome sequence of an Iranian FBNSV isolate, FBNSV-[IR;Ka:FB], so far reported is one infecting faba bean

Author family name to be read as Silva Júnior.

The author Dr. L. Fornasari (Montpellier, France) has been added as the fourth author in the author list of [1]

In continuation of our work on Tagetes spp., the current study deals with the nematicidal activity of flavonoids, which are structurally related to two marker compounds, patuletin and patulitrin isolated from Tagetes patula flowers. The activity was determined against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita to establish structure activity relationship. In vitro examination of flavonoids belonging

Species in the genera Hyaloperonospora and Peronospora (Oomycota, Peronosporaceae) are obligate biotrophic pathogens responsible for destructive downy mildew diseases of ornamental horticulture plants worldwide. Throughout the past decade, newly emergent downy mildew diseases have become increasingly prevalent, but often the identity of the pathogen is unknown or poorly defined. In this study we set

Thirty isolates of Pseudomonas syringae other than pathovar (pv.) phaseolicola, recovered from beans (18) and weeds (12) in a Northern Spanish region, were studied by a polyphasic approach, including phenotypic tests, detection of levansucrase and toxin (syringomycin and syringopeptin) genes, typing by RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and PFGE (Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis). The isolates

A process-based simulation model for the grapevine-downy mildew pathosystem was developed in order to quantitatively synthesize the literature available and to provide a tool to guide strategic decisions for disease management. The model includes: i) the main processes involved in the disease dual epidemics on leaves and clusters, from inoculum mobilisation to disease multiplication on foliage, and

Brown leaf spot (BLS), caused by the fungus Clarohilum henningsii, is one of the most common leaf diseases in cassava, leading to losses in root yield due to the extensive defoliation of the plants. Despite this, BLS has been neglected and little is known about the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of systemic fungicides (cyproconazole, thiophanate-methyl, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole

Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (Sss) is an obligate parasite that can only multiply within the living tissues of a host plant. Greenhouse experiments were carried out to determine the host status of Sss in some crops and weeds commonly found in southern African fields. These experiments used both qPCR and light microscope examination to study the development of Sss in the roots of weeds

Branch and trunk canker diseases have become prevalent on nut crops in Iran. During 2015 to 2018, extensive field surveys were conducted on 58 almond, 43 pistachio and 80 walnut orchards in Iran to study fungal pathogens associated with symptomatic trees. One hundred and fifty-six representative fungal isolates were selected and identified based on morphological characteristics and by phylogenetic

Some antagonistic bacteria contribute to the management of plant diseases by stimulating the host natural defense and/or by providing direct biocontrol of pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocontrol performances and the ability to induce a systemic response to crown gall of four strains belonging to Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera. Evaluation of in vitro antagonistic ability

Blackleg is a devastating disease of winter oil seed rape (WOSR) caused by the two species Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa “brassicae”. In this study, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assays were developed using two primer sets, SirP and PKS5, to identify and monitor L. maculans “brassicae”, and one primer set PKS21 to monitor L. biglobosa “brassicae”. The three primer sets were

A population of Xiphinema americanum-group was recovered in association with stone fruit trees in Isfahan province, center of Iran. A reverse taxonomic approach based upon the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA D2-D3) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI mtDNA) gene sequences in integration with morphological studies, revealed that the recovered population belongs to Xiphinema

Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) is one of the biggest challenges in the production of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in Turkey, and the lack of effective control methods emphasizes the need for resistant varieties of this species; therefore, testing the susceptibility levels of the germplasm is necessary to create breeding programs that ensure resistance to this disease. The aim of our study was to

Ring nematodes of the genus Criconemoides are a group of polyphagous, migratory root-ectoparasites of plants. In a nematological survey of Zhejiang Province, three new Criconemoides species were isolated from the rhizosphere of Citrus sp., Euonymus alatus and Pterocarya stenoptera trees. In the present study, the new species characterized using an integrative taxonomic approach and described as Criconemoides

The recent occurrence of bacterial leaf streak of corn caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum represents a potential threat to the maize crop in Brazil. This study aimed to develop and validate a diagrammatic scale for the assessment of leaf streak severity in corn leaves. Linear regression and Lin’s coefficient approaches were used to explore the intra- and inter-rater reliability and accuracy

Asian grapevine leaf rust, caused by Phakopsora meliosmae-myrianthae, presents symptoms similar to Asian soybean rust, caused by P. pachyrhizi, such as the presence of satellite uredinia and early leaf fall. To shed light on the epidemiological behaviour of these rusts, we compared the monocyclic components of these Phakopsora species and the effects of these pathogens on host photosynthesis over time

Botrytis cinerea, Mucor piriformis and Rhizopus spp. are mainly responsible for post-harvest fruit rot in strawberry in the UK. However, research to date has been focused on the epidemiology and management of B. cinerea in strawberry (i.e., grey mould). A number of experiments were carried out to study the epidemiology of M. piriformis and Rhizopus on strawberry, including flower/fruit susceptibility

Apple replant disease (ARD) in production nurseries can negatively impact commercial viability by diminishing tree quality and potentially serving as a source of pathogen inoculum. The current study was carried out to determine the potential for plant genotype to influence anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) disease control efficacy. M.9, G.41, and G.935 apple rootstock genotypes were employed. ASD

A potential pathogenicity determinant and its critical amino acid (aa) sequences of mulberry crinkle leaf virus (MCLV) were determined through expression of MCLV genes in Nicotiana benthamiana using a potato virus X (PVX) vector. Among six genes encoded by MCLV, expression of only V3 resulted in a severe downward-leaf-curling symptom in newly emerging leaves of N. benthamiana plants, which suggested

The production of blueberry in Peru has been increasing over the last years. Dieback and stem blight of plants are the most prominent disease symptoms observed in blueberry orchards. This study evaluated the diversity and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia and Neopestalotiopsis species associated with dieback of blueberry plants in Peru. A collection of isolates was initially subjected to Microsatellite-primed

This study was conducted to evaluate expression of 11 genes, endochitinase (chit33), endochitinase (chit37), endochitinase (chit42), N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase (nag1), α-1,2-mannosidase (gh92), α-1,3-glucanase (a13gluc), β-1,6-glucanase (b16gluc), β-1,3-glucanase (b13gluc), aminopeptidase S9 (s9), trypsin-like (pra1) and serine protease (sprt) which may be involved in biological control of Sclerotinia

Some benefits of silicon (Si) fertilization have been reported in sugarcane plants, but information about the effects of Si on brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala) remain scarce, even though this plant disease is widespread in several areas around the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Si potentiates the production of antimicrobial metabolites in sugarcane plants in response

Weeds are host and multipliers of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). The status quo of the knowledge of the ability of Meloidogyne arenaria to reproduce in weeds is a little unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of M. arenaria to parasitize and reproduce in different weeds found in Brazil. Thirty-eight weed species were individually inoculated with 5000 eggs and second stage

The effects of temperature in winter-spring (average 17.0 °C) and spring-summer (average 23.0 °C) seasons on the transmission and latent period of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBS-phytoplasma) and corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS) (Spiroplasma kunkelii) caused by the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLog and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were evaluated in two experiments in a screenhouse in Sete

Boxwood blight caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata or Calonectria henricotiae is the major disease affecting boxwood (Buxus sp.). Other members of the Buxaceae family, Pachysandra and Sarcococca can also be infected. The trials reported here were conducted to test the susceptibility of Pachysandra terminalis ‘Compacta’ and Sarcococca confusa to this pathogen. The susceptibility of both species was

The leaf anatomy, photosynthetic system parameters and accumulation of carbohydrates were determined at different times for Bipolaris oryzae pathogenesis in two rice cultivars (BRS Querência and Inov CL), grown in an environment with 400 ppm or 700 ppm of atmospheric CO2. The results demonstrated that the plants exposed to 700 ppm underwent changes in anatomical characteristics (reduction in parenchyma

Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei are economically important migratory plant endoparasitic nematodes and are widely found in a wide variety of crops. Based on 28 s rDNA D2D3 expansion region, a duplex real-time quantitative (qPCR) assay was developed to simultaneously detect and quantify these two nematodes. The qPCR system included two pairs of primers and two Taqman probes, that is the P. neglectus-specific

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita causes losses in tomato production, making new methods/products to control this parasite desirable. Garlic essential oil (GEO) is potentially useful for controlling M. incognita. Here, GEO was obtained by hydrodistillation, dissolved in water and used against M. incognita in vitro. At 63 μg mL−1, this oil was more active against M. incognita eggs and second-stage

Soybean (Glycine max Willd.) is one of the most economically important crops in the world, and it’s importance continuously increasing. Routine screening of Polish soybean fields has revealed an outburst of a new disease of soybean plants, with symptoms resembling those described for the bacterial blight, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinae, and bacterial pustule caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis

As a part of a blackleg and soft rot survey on potato plants cultivated in the agricultural region of Southern Greenland during the growing season of 2019 diseased potato plants and tubers were collected at six localities. Samples of plants and tubers with typical blackleg and soft rot symptoms were cut into parts weighing ca. 10–15 g each and incubated in potato enrichment broth (PEB) under anaerobic

A new member of the family Secoviridae was discovered in a symptomatic American blackcurrant plant. In-silico analysis of the genome of the virus, blackcurrant waikavirus A (BCWVA), predicted two open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a polyprotein with conserved domains of a leader protein, three capsid proteins, a superfamily 3 viral helicase, a 3C- protease and a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)

Mango is widely grown in Taiwan and anthracnose is one of the most important diseases of this crop. The aim of this study was to investigate Colletotrichum species associated with mango and the pathogenicity of these fungal species. From 2006 to 2017, mango tissue from 33 mango orchards were collected. Eighty-seven isolates associated with mango were analyzed preliminarily by comparing partial gly

The new species Phytophthora oleae is a pathogen recently reported causing fruit rot on olive orchards in Italy and root rot in a natural wild-olive forest in Spain. Potassium phosphite, fosetyl-Aluminium and metalaxyl were evaluated in pot experiments for root disease control. All the three systemic products led to a significant decrease of root necrosis caused by olive Phytophthora pathogens (P.

This erratum is published as vendor overlooked many corrections in the original publication.

Co author name misspelt and should read as Stewart Gray.

This erratum is published as vendor overlooked several author corrections related with Table 1 & 2 during proofing.

Funding information should be correctly read as: “Young Talents” Project of Northeast Agricultural University (No. 17QC05), and are NOT the former two ones 17QC05 and uNPYSCT-2,018,157.

Foundation number in "Acknowledgments", that is, "the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 18234004)" should be read as "the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31801714 )".

This erratum has been created as many author corrections were overlooked in proofing stage.

The vein clearing (kokke kandu) disease suspected to be caused by an unknown virus is an important production constraint of cardamom in India. In the present study the causal virus was transmitted from infected to healthy cardamom plants through the aphid, Pentalonia caladii. Small RNA (sRNA) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of the aphid-inoculated plant showed several nucleorhabdovirus-like contigs. The

Pin nematode species are widely distributed and known to be associated with damage to a variety of shrubs, grasses, fruit and flowering trees. So far, no pin nematode species has been reported from Mulberry in China. During this study, a new Paratylenchus species recovered from the rhizosphere of mulberry tree, in Zhejiang Province is described and molecularly characterized. The species can be characterized

Symptoms of decline, leaf yellowing and reddening, little leaf and malformation were observed in apricot, guava, lychee, mango, pomegranate and grapevine in fruit orchards belonging to three states of India namely Delhi, Maharashtra and Jammu & Kashmir during 2016–2017. Phytoplasmas belonging to three different groups were detected in all the symptomatic fruit tree samples in polymerase chain reaction

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most important citrus viruses in the world. In this study, we established a reverse-transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) method for the sensitive and accurate quantification of CTV. Quantitative linearity, sensitivity and accuracy of RT-ddPCR were compared to those of reverse-transcription real time PCR (RT-qPCR) by using 10-fold

Drought has been assumed as a predisposing factor in the decline caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi on Mediterranean Quercus forests, enhancing cork oak susceptibility to the root infection. However, P. cinnamomi outbreaks appear associated to waterlogged soils, with infections being particularly successful when soil moisture content fluctuates from flooding to water deficiency. We obtained cork oak

Abstract Plasmodiophora brassicae is a biotrophic pathogen and causes clubroot of cruciferous crops. Our study was conducted to find genetic markers for differentiating the pathotype 7. Three molecular markers were obtained, PBRA_000303 presented exclusively in pathotype 7 among the tested pathotypes (P2, P4, P5, P7, P9, P10, P11), PBRA_006533 and PBRA_009559 presented in pathotype 7 and a genotype

Abstract Downy mildew of common sage (Salvia officinalis), caused by Peronospora salviae-officinalis, has become a serious problem in sage production worldwide. The effect of temperature was determined for conidia germination and disease development. In vitro, conidial germination rate was highest at temperatures between 10 °C and 20 °C and was strongly reduced at temperatures above 25, but conidia