Due to the pressure on water resources, especially in agricultural sectors, evaluation of the effective strategies on decrease in water consumption has an applicable and important role in field water management. In this research, the effectiveness rate of the 7 climatic parameters on the water requirement of barley (amount of potential evapotranspiration of barley (PETB) during the growth period) using

Excessive sediment deposition in eco-friendly physical structures introduced in agricultural canals sometimes damages the function of these structures as fish habitats. This study reports the spatial and temporal changes in bed elevation in a canal section where a set of six fish nests and one fish pool were installed. Field observations and numerical simulation using the two-dimensional hydrodynamic

We investigated seasonal changes in the δ13C levels of particulate organic matter (POM), which mainly consist of phytoplankton and microphytobenthos from three flooded rice fields treated with different types of fertilizer (chemical NPK, chemical PK, or organic fertilizers) in northeast Japan. Generally, microphytobenthos in lentic freshwater systems show higher levels of δ13C (about− 26‰) than phytoplankton

Rice was grown in soil co-amended with coal fly ash (FA) with municipal biosolids (MBS) to study the accumulation of heavy metal (HM) in rice seeds from FA with the co-amendment of MBS. Element-analyses of soil samples, plant-roots and seeds revealed the accumulation of HMs, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu and Pb proportionate to the FA doses. For ascertaining some suitable amendment-doses for maximal grain

Accurate and reliable forecasting of reservoir inflows is crucial for efficient reservoir operation to decide the quantity of the water to be released for various purposes. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) model has been developed to forecast the weekly reservoir inflows along with its uncertainty, which was quantified through accounting the model’s input and parameter uncertainties

The subsurface compact layer found in medium- to coarse-textured soils of rice-grown areas hampers the root growth of crops. Moreover, the puddled transplanted rice is being faced by water and labour shortages in the region. It is thus imperative to study the effects of deep tillage and irrigation regimes on crop performance of direct seeded rice (DSR) and wheat. A 2-year field experiment was conducted

Although Tokyo daruma pond frogs (Pelophylax porosus porosus) were once commonly observed throughout paddy fields in Japan, their populations have recently declined. The mode by which frogs survive during the overwintering period is largely unknown. In this study, we observed the underground behavior of 12 free-living Tokyo daruma pond frogs that overwintered in paddy soil and a dry field by periodically

Regardless of being useful in many ways, at the moment paddy stubble has turned out to be a nuisance in northwestern India, especially Haryana. Therefore, this study tried to access the scale of stubble burning, discover underlying causes, the existing condition of different in situ as well as ex situ utilization and management practices. Charting reasons for lower adoption of management techniques

To study the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission with biochar amendment in two or more soils with different textures, an incubation experiment was carried out with two paddy soils (developed from granite-weathered red soil (S1) and from quaternary red clay (S2)) with different textures in flooding condition. The soils were subjected to the following three biochar (derived from wheat straw) treatments: 0%

Improving the productivity of limited land and water resources is necessary to meet the increasing demand for food and feed. A 2-year (2016–18) field study was conducted in a humid climate in the north of Iran to examine the effect of different drainage systems on green water-use efficiency (GWUE), economic water productivity (EWP) and yield and growth indices of winter canola. The treatments consisted

Shallow-water temperature is an essential factor in various ecosystems, particularly in paddy fields, as damage to paddy rice due to high temperatures may severely affect grain yields. Here, a calculation scheme of paddy field water temperature is proposed to calculate water temperature dynamics in paddy fields and comprises three components: (1) the two-layer heat balance model, which is adopted to

This research attempted to evaluate the soil loss-prone zones and affecting key factors in a suburb agricultural area in the western Mashhad city, northeastern Iran, using the universal soil loss equation model. All erosion factors and components were produced in GIS grid-based modeling. Therefore, the required data, such as topography, climate, and soil characteristics, were collected from global

Paddy fields provide a broad range of habitats to wintering waterbirds as natural wetlands have declined worldwide. However, the intensification of farming practices has altered the microclimates of the wet agricultural soil, the composition of soil invertebrates, thus indirectly affecting the avifauna. This study evaluated the importance of paddy fields as wintering grounds for two avian indicators

Soil hydraulic conductivity (\(K\)) is an important soil property that exhibits relatively large uncertainty. The temporal variability of \(K\) is often ignored when calculating water movement in soil. Various factors such as tillage, rain, temperature, wetting/drying, soil surface crusting, solution concentration, and biological activity can influence field \(K\). We investigated soil \(K\) in a central

Phytoremediation method, in combination with porous concrete and some additives, has been examined in order to reduce the contamination of unconventional water resources. This treatment system is economically cost-effective and easy to apply, compared to other treatment methods. The current study was focused on evaluating the effects of arrangement of vetiver grass and porous concrete specimens (four

In this research, a method was proposed to estimate the potential evaporation in polytunnel fields. In order to calculate the potential evaporation by the Penman method, as part of an irrigation plan, the climatic conditions inside the tunnels needed to be accurately estimated by adjusting the climatic conditions outside the tunnels. Measurements taken in two polytunnels of watermelon plants from April

Nutrient management has led to unprecedented increase in crop production, but with significant carbon (C) trade-off that has close nexus with energy flow. We quantified the impacts of nutrient management on emission of greenhouse gases, net ecosystem C budget (NECB) and energy flow in three cropland ecosystems (rice–wheat, maize–wheat and cotton–wheat). Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O)

Rice fields may represent an important habitat for biodiversity conservation. Unfortunately, rice farming intensification reduced the value of rice crops as a surrogate habitat for many species. Currently, major threats for wildlife in rice fields derive from cultivation techniques in dry soils. In this paper, we aim to describe the effect of water management techniques in rice paddies on the flight

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships between meteorological conditions and the disinfection effect of soil solarization in five greenhouses (located in Kaizu City, Gifu, Japan). The specific analysis focused on soil temperature, the population density of Ralstonia solanacearum before and after soil disinfection, the air temperature inside and outside the greenhouse, the

Present study was carried out to develop multiple linear regression (MLR) model of surface CH4 flux emission from monthly atmospheric clearness index (8 km), day-night land surface temperature (LST) at 1 km and surface soil moisture (25 km) from Kalpana-1, MODIS TERRA and GCOM-W1 satellites, respectively. All these products were aggregated to GOSAT level-4A product resolution. 2° × 2° grids representing

In Pb-factored soils, soil application of appropriate inorganic amendment along with cultivation of salt-tolerant crop species/genotypes for Pb immobilization can be a good choice. Hence, in saline-sodic and non-saline/sodic Pb-factored soils, Pb immobilization was observed as influenced by exogeneously applied inorganic amendments. Salt-tolerant rice cultivar Shaheen basmati was grown in present study

Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) measurement was carried out in tropical lowland paddy at ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India, in 2015 using eddy covariance technique with the objective to assess the variation of NEE of CO2 in lowland paddy and to find out the most suitable model for better partitioning of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 in tropical lowland paddy. Paddy is

This study has been conducted to ascertain the impact of zinc (Zn) on cadmium (Cd) fractions in two types of calcareous soils of the Fars Province in Iran at the waterlogged and field capacity conditions; also we investigated the adsorption of Cd in soils throughout different shaking times. We examined the effect of Zn on Cd fractions due to their similar characteristics. Treatments were three levels

To develop more efficient irrigation technologies and a reasonable and convenient irrigation scheduling for winter wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP), a field experiment with five soil matric potential (SMP) treatments under irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses was conducted in 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. The SMP thresholds were − 10, − 20, − 30, − 40 and − 50 kPa and monitored using tensiometers

Climate change is currently one of the most critical issues in watershed management, and typical paddy systems should be addressed by watershed modeling approach in paddy-dominant landscapes. This study is designed to evaluate and enhance the watershed modeling approach currently used to characterize the impacts of climate change on hydrologic and water quality responses while considering a paddy environment

With the growing population and people’s increasing livelihoods, the need for agricultural products is increasing day by day, which in turn implies an increase in the water requirement in the agriculture sector. However, in countries such as Iran, the main problem in the agriculture sector is mismanagement, not lack of water resources as popularly claimed. The purpose of this study is to investigate

Traditional rice–wheat cropping system, which follows wet puddling in rice and conventional tillage in wheat, is deteriorating soil health resulting yield stagnation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia. Conservation agriculture which endorses minimum soil disturbance, residue retention and crop diversification not only improves soil health but also reduces the CO2 concentration in atmosphere

Aquatic crop (Zizania latifolia Stapf–Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) wetlands were constructed to remove nitrogen (N) in drainage from paddy rice fields, with three different storage water depths (namely 4H, 7H and 10H, where H is the routine paddy drainage water depth). Concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and total nitrogen (TN) during the first two drainage events were

The present descriptive correlational study focused on assessing the social sustainability of intercropping-based family farming systems and agricultural cooperative systems with a systemic approach. The statistical population was composed of the villages in Shiraz County of Fars Province, Iran that were engaged in intercropping and production cooperative systems. In the first step, 186 farmers who

Agriculture is recognized as the major source of groundwater nitrate (NO3−) contamination; yet quantifying its effects is still challenging in large, due to the difficulty to track the transformation and fates of agricultural nitrogen (N) in soils and aquifers. In this study, a HYDRUS-1D model was adopted to explore water content and NO3− distribution in the unsaturated zone above groundwater table

Increasing crop production is an inevitable demand of a current growing population all over the world. Implementation of best field crop practices potentially enables farmers to achieve that desired increase in crop production. The CERES-Rice model in Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer was used in this study with 10 years (2006–2015) of field experimental data collected from the CIMMYT

Aqua-agriculture reservoirs have been used as one of the main resources for supplying water to paddy fields, particularly under water shortage conditions. In this study, a simulation–optimization model for conjunctive use of irrigation canals and aqua-agriculture reservoir was developed in order to maximize rainwater harvesting while minimizing water withdrawal from irrigation canal. The simulation

Application of common leaching and flushing methods is often impractical due to freshwater scarcity, groundwater pollution and a lack of suitable drainage systems. To address these problems, a pot experiment testing the cultivation of Salicornia persica Akhani was conducted in three replicates. Three saline irrigation treatments (EC = 7.2 dS m−1) were used: full irrigation with saline water (SI), deficit

The use of low-cost adsorbents produced from rice husks that can selectively remove zinc (II) ion from wastewater effluent has been investigated. The disorder and fatal diseases can be triggered in living organisms by accumulating the heavy metals in the wastewater. Adsorption is an operative cleansing and separation method used in the industry to remove contaminants from effluents. In order to convert

Rainfall (RF) variability has been suggested as the primary reason for low paddy production in the recent past under minor irrigation tanks (MITs). A study was conducted to verify the relationship between observed crop success/failures and the RF variability in the Bayawa MIT system in the Kurunegala district of Sri Lanka. Seasonal and annual RF variability and its effect on paddy crops were analyzed

We characterized 63 fields sampled based on farmers’ perception of production risks within each commune (referred as either safe or at-risk fields), from the 3 communes in the 2 contrasting estuaries with different farming transformation in Red River Delta, Vietnam (Giao Huong and Giao Thien communes in Ba Lat estuary, Nam Dien communes in Day estuary), for 6 cropping seasons from 2015 to 2017. Rice

In Myanmar’s Ayeyarwady Delta, mangrove forests were widely converted to paddy fields, then abandoned. However, the mangrove ecosystems often fail to recover. To identify the mangrove restoration options in these fields, we conducted the current study in Pyindaye Forest Reserve, Pyapon Township of the Delta by examining the structural and functional responses to restoration for two common mangrove

Due to their economical and structural aspects, ogee-crested spillways can be constructed and operated in a wide variety of situations. In this study, a three-dimensional physical model (1:50 scale) was planned and constructed to investigate the impact of converging training walls of the ogee spillways with a curve axis on flow characteristics such as the discharge coefficient, free surface profile

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake damaged many small earthen dams in Japan, causing flood damage and human casualties. Since then, the necessity for developing accurate inundation hazard maps for areas at risk has been highlighted. We constructed a numerical model using two-dimensional shallow-water equations with the finite element method to simulate such flood flows and tested this approach by simulating

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff loads of paddy fields in situ under conventional water and fertilizer management measures caused severe water pollution in the Taihu Lake basin. The “water balance method” was implemented to calculate the surface runoff and the N and P runoff loads of the paddy field for 2 years. The total inflow difference in the paddy field between the 2 years was 22.5% with

Subterranean termites (Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki) that build nests in the soil matrices of earth embankments may adversely affect the stability of these structures in paddy farming regions of southern China. An adult termite nest comprises a primary chamber, fungus gardens, passageways, and other shelter tubes. These porous architectures enable high hydraulic conductivity and rapid groundwater

Most of the lands of the southern coastal zone of Bangladesh are protected from tidal flooding and storm surges by embankments constructed during the 1960s and 1970s, creating polders. Sluice gates in the embankments connect the canals (former river distributaries) inside the polders to the surrounding rivers, providing the opportunity for water intake from, or drainage to the rivers by judicious management

Repairs of concrete irrigation channels in Japan are guided to a large extent by the degree to which their walls have degraded over decades of use. Current methods of estimating Manning roughness coefficients from the roughness of the channel wall are based on linear profiles of arithmetic mean roughness. This study developed a method to estimate Manning roughness coefficients for a planar region directly

Traditional agricultural practices, including paddy farming on terraced uplands, have garnered renewed interest in recent years in response to increasing concerns on environmental sustainability and the expected effects of climate change on global food security. However, little systematic research on the potential vulnerabilities of these traditional agroecosystems to future climatic change has been

In this study, we focused on the effect of the degree of floc growth on the moving velocity of the interface between sediment of flocculated montmorillonite and supernatant in the semi-dilute suspension, which is characterized by the start of an extremely slow movement of interface followed by an abrupt settling and ending in consolidation. Na-montmorillonite suspension coagulated under different ionic

The soil sample of a paddy field was found to be contaminated by copper (Cu). The application of wastewater as the nitrogen fertilizer was identified as the cause in this study. The concentration of Cu in soil and rice plants was therefore explored. The paddy soil characteristics indicated a strong anaerobic environment. The Cu concentration in topsoil was 123 ± 24 mg kg−1. The Community Bureau of

According to recent climate projections for South Korea, increases in temperature and precipitation will affect water use and crop production associated with paddy rice cultivation. Impacts are expected on crop growing season, crop varieties, and farming methods, all of which are highly vulnerable to disruption in weather conditions. Previous studies have estimated the effects on agricultural water

Due to rapid population growth, water scarcity and food insecurity have become the major problems for Pakistan. Therefore, the efficient utilization of limited resources such as water is very important in agriculture. Paddy or rice—Pakistan’s second most important cereal and staple crop—is a water-intensive crop. The present study aims to estimate the water use efficiency, profitability, and consumer

The agricultural sector as a supplier of nutritional needs is becoming increasingly dependent on energy consumption. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of paddy farm level of mechanization on the energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions as well as their effect on rice cultivation in Guilan province, Iran. The survey contains a strategy for assessing sustainable development

The universal phenomena of global warming caused by climate change have direct linkage with different hydro-meteorological variables which in turn affect the evaporative demand of the atmosphere. Therefore, this study evaluated the seasonal and spatial changes in reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) during last 4.7 decades and identified the forcing mechanism behind the seasonal changes in ETo using

Analysis of the canopy structure change and spectral response mechanism of rice under flooding stress is an important prerequisite for large-scale monitoring of rice flooding disasters. The leaf area index (LAI) was used as the characterization indicator. The response rule of the canopy spectrum to flooding stress intensity was analyzed. The sensitive spectral characteristic parameters were screened

In order to investigate the radiation utilization efficiency and soil temperature with different irrigation methods in cold region and black glebe, northeast, China, three irrigation methods namely control irrigation (CI), wet irrigation (WI) and flood irrigation (FI) were carried out in the field conditions. The radiation utilization efficiency (RUE) and soil temperature with different irrigation

Rice production is affected by climate change, while climate change is simultaneously accelerated by methane gas (CH4) emissions from paddy fields. The rice sector must take suitable mitigation measures, such as prolonging mid-summer drainage (MSD) before the rice flowering period. To propose a mitigation policy, this study aims to demonstrate the environmental and economic effects of MSD in Japanese

The present study identifies water-stressed areas based on linkages between NOAH model-based soil moisture and seasonal paddy rice cultivation in the Dwarakeswar–Gandheswari river basin. Soil moisture provides information about crop water stress distribution. A new analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based index is proposed for water stress evaluation. The spatially distributed paddy rice cultivation

Irrigation methods and rice straw incorporation (RSI) are two major factors influencing CH4 emissions from paddy fields. However, their effects have never been studied in an RSI/alternate-year system in the cold region of Northeast China. The present study involved a 2-year field experiment analyzing the effects of irrigation method and RSI on CH4 emissions. Our results showed that controlled irrigation

In South Florida, approximately 11,000 ha of rice is grown every summer on highly organic histosols. With no added fertilizer inputs of phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N) as part of the cultivation program, growing flooded rice has the potential to reduce nutrient fluxes from soils to surface water and limit its losses to the water column. Changes in soil redox potential (Eh) will play an important role

In the Northern Vietnamese Mountains, paddy fields are the main source of foods and an important indicator to define wealth in ethnic communities. This paper deals with an application of multilevel model to predict spatial patterns of paddy field productivity according to hierarchical levels such as individual fields, individual households and individual villages. The data on land use and rice productivity

System of rice intensification (SRI) together with appropriate nutrient management holds promise in increasing rice productivity with micronutrient enriched grains. Trials were conducted to investigate the performance of SRI vis-à-vis conventional management practices (CMP), both with either integrated nutrient management (INM) or organic sources of nutrients. Grain yields were consistently higher

In South China’s paddy irrigation area, irrigation and drainage dual-purpose channel mode (IDDCM) is applied to conserve farmland resources in rice cultivation areas with relatively flat topography. However, this mode makes it difficult to quantify and analyze the water and nutrient balance in rice fields. To solve this problem, a tank model considering both on-farm water management under IDDCM and

In dry and semidry regions, changes in precipitation in terms of time and level have significant fluctuations, which make management of water resources in these regions very important. The aim of this research is to first identify well-suited sites for constructing groundwater dams, such that there is no limitation for constructing such dams in these regions. For this purpose, by benefiting from Boolean