Nutrient management has led to unprecedented increase in crop production, but with significant carbon (C) trade-off that has close nexus with energy flow. We quantified the impacts of nutrient management on emission of greenhouse gases, net ecosystem C budget (NECB) and energy flow in three cropland ecosystems (rice–wheat, maize–wheat and cotton–wheat). Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O)

Rice fields may represent an important habitat for biodiversity conservation. Unfortunately, rice farming intensification reduced the value of rice crops as a surrogate habitat for many species. Currently, major threats for wildlife in rice fields derive from cultivation techniques in dry soils. In this paper, we aim to describe the effect of water management techniques in rice paddies on the flight

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships between meteorological conditions and the disinfection effect of soil solarization in five greenhouses (located in Kaizu City, Gifu, Japan). The specific analysis focused on soil temperature, the population density of Ralstonia solanacearum before and after soil disinfection, the air temperature inside and outside the greenhouse, the

Present study was carried out to develop multiple linear regression (MLR) model of surface CH4 flux emission from monthly atmospheric clearness index (8 km), day-night land surface temperature (LST) at 1 km and surface soil moisture (25 km) from Kalpana-1, MODIS TERRA and GCOM-W1 satellites, respectively. All these products were aggregated to GOSAT level-4A product resolution. 2° × 2° grids representing

In Pb-factored soils, soil application of appropriate inorganic amendment along with cultivation of salt-tolerant crop species/genotypes for Pb immobilization can be a good choice. Hence, in saline-sodic and non-saline/sodic Pb-factored soils, Pb immobilization was observed as influenced by exogeneously applied inorganic amendments. Salt-tolerant rice cultivar Shaheen basmati was grown in present study

Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) measurement was carried out in tropical lowland paddy at ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India, in 2015 using eddy covariance technique with the objective to assess the variation of NEE of CO2 in lowland paddy and to find out the most suitable model for better partitioning of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 in tropical lowland paddy. Paddy is

This study has been conducted to ascertain the impact of zinc (Zn) on cadmium (Cd) fractions in two types of calcareous soils of the Fars Province in Iran at the waterlogged and field capacity conditions; also we investigated the adsorption of Cd in soils throughout different shaking times. We examined the effect of Zn on Cd fractions due to their similar characteristics. Treatments were three levels

To develop more efficient irrigation technologies and a reasonable and convenient irrigation scheduling for winter wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP), a field experiment with five soil matric potential (SMP) treatments under irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses was conducted in 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. The SMP thresholds were − 10, − 20, − 30, − 40 and − 50 kPa and monitored using tensiometers

Climate change is currently one of the most critical issues in watershed management, and typical paddy systems should be addressed by watershed modeling approach in paddy-dominant landscapes. This study is designed to evaluate and enhance the watershed modeling approach currently used to characterize the impacts of climate change on hydrologic and water quality responses while considering a paddy environment

With the growing population and people’s increasing livelihoods, the need for agricultural products is increasing day by day, which in turn implies an increase in the water requirement in the agriculture sector. However, in countries such as Iran, the main problem in the agriculture sector is mismanagement, not lack of water resources as popularly claimed. The purpose of this study is to investigate

Traditional rice–wheat cropping system, which follows wet puddling in rice and conventional tillage in wheat, is deteriorating soil health resulting yield stagnation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia. Conservation agriculture which endorses minimum soil disturbance, residue retention and crop diversification not only improves soil health but also reduces the CO2 concentration in atmosphere

Aquatic crop (Zizania latifolia Stapf–Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) wetlands were constructed to remove nitrogen (N) in drainage from paddy rice fields, with three different storage water depths (namely 4H, 7H and 10H, where H is the routine paddy drainage water depth). Concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and total nitrogen (TN) during the first two drainage events were

Rainfall (RF) variability has been suggested as the primary reason for low paddy production in the recent past under minor irrigation tanks (MITs). A study was conducted to verify the relationship between observed crop success/failures and the RF variability in the Bayawa MIT system in the Kurunegala district of Sri Lanka. Seasonal and annual RF variability and its effect on paddy crops were analyzed

The soil sample of a paddy field was found to be contaminated by copper (Cu). The application of wastewater as the nitrogen fertilizer was identified as the cause in this study. The concentration of Cu in soil and rice plants was therefore explored. The paddy soil characteristics indicated a strong anaerobic environment. The Cu concentration in topsoil was 123 ± 24 mg kg−1. The Community Bureau of

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff loads of paddy fields in situ under conventional water and fertilizer management measures caused severe water pollution in the Taihu Lake basin. The “water balance method” was implemented to calculate the surface runoff and the N and P runoff loads of the paddy field for 2 years. The total inflow difference in the paddy field between the 2 years was 22.5% with

In Myanmar’s Ayeyarwady Delta, mangrove forests were widely converted to paddy fields, then abandoned. However, the mangrove ecosystems often fail to recover. To identify the mangrove restoration options in these fields, we conducted the current study in Pyindaye Forest Reserve, Pyapon Township of the Delta by examining the structural and functional responses to restoration for two common mangrove

Traditional agricultural practices, including paddy farming on terraced uplands, have garnered renewed interest in recent years in response to increasing concerns on environmental sustainability and the expected effects of climate change on global food security. However, little systematic research on the potential vulnerabilities of these traditional agroecosystems to future climatic change has been

Due to their economical and structural aspects, ogee-crested spillways can be constructed and operated in a wide variety of situations. In this study, a three-dimensional physical model (1:50 scale) was planned and constructed to investigate the impact of converging training walls of the ogee spillways with a curve axis on flow characteristics such as the discharge coefficient, free surface profile

The use of low-cost adsorbents produced from rice husks that can selectively remove zinc (II) ion from wastewater effluent has been investigated. The disorder and fatal diseases can be triggered in living organisms by accumulating the heavy metals in the wastewater. Adsorption is an operative cleansing and separation method used in the industry to remove contaminants from effluents. In order to convert

According to recent climate projections for South Korea, increases in temperature and precipitation will affect water use and crop production associated with paddy rice cultivation. Impacts are expected on crop growing season, crop varieties, and farming methods, all of which are highly vulnerable to disruption in weather conditions. Previous studies have estimated the effects on agricultural water

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake damaged many small earthen dams in Japan, causing flood damage and human casualties. Since then, the necessity for developing accurate inundation hazard maps for areas at risk has been highlighted. We constructed a numerical model using two-dimensional shallow-water equations with the finite element method to simulate such flood flows and tested this approach by simulating

Most of the lands of the southern coastal zone of Bangladesh are protected from tidal flooding and storm surges by embankments constructed during the 1960s and 1970s, creating polders. Sluice gates in the embankments connect the canals (former river distributaries) inside the polders to the surrounding rivers, providing the opportunity for water intake from, or drainage to the rivers by judicious management

Subterranean termites (Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki) that build nests in the soil matrices of earth embankments may adversely affect the stability of these structures in paddy farming regions of southern China. An adult termite nest comprises a primary chamber, fungus gardens, passageways, and other shelter tubes. These porous architectures enable high hydraulic conductivity and rapid groundwater

We characterized 63 fields sampled based on farmers’ perception of production risks within each commune (referred as either safe or at-risk fields), from the 3 communes in the 2 contrasting estuaries with different farming transformation in Red River Delta, Vietnam (Giao Huong and Giao Thien communes in Ba Lat estuary, Nam Dien communes in Day estuary), for 6 cropping seasons from 2015 to 2017. Rice

Application of common leaching and flushing methods is often impractical due to freshwater scarcity, groundwater pollution and a lack of suitable drainage systems. To address these problems, a pot experiment testing the cultivation of Salicornia persica Akhani was conducted in three replicates. Three saline irrigation treatments (EC = 7.2 dS m−1) were used: full irrigation with saline water (SI), deficit

In this study, we focused on the effect of the degree of floc growth on the moving velocity of the interface between sediment of flocculated montmorillonite and supernatant in the semi-dilute suspension, which is characterized by the start of an extremely slow movement of interface followed by an abrupt settling and ending in consolidation. Na-montmorillonite suspension coagulated under different ionic

Repairs of concrete irrigation channels in Japan are guided to a large extent by the degree to which their walls have degraded over decades of use. Current methods of estimating Manning roughness coefficients from the roughness of the channel wall are based on linear profiles of arithmetic mean roughness. This study developed a method to estimate Manning roughness coefficients for a planar region directly

The present descriptive correlational study focused on assessing the social sustainability of intercropping-based family farming systems and agricultural cooperative systems with a systemic approach. The statistical population was composed of the villages in Shiraz County of Fars Province, Iran that were engaged in intercropping and production cooperative systems. In the first step, 186 farmers who

Agriculture is recognized as the major source of groundwater nitrate (NO3−) contamination; yet quantifying its effects is still challenging in large, due to the difficulty to track the transformation and fates of agricultural nitrogen (N) in soils and aquifers. In this study, a HYDRUS-1D model was adopted to explore water content and NO3− distribution in the unsaturated zone above groundwater table

Increasing crop production is an inevitable demand of a current growing population all over the world. Implementation of best field crop practices potentially enables farmers to achieve that desired increase in crop production. The CERES-Rice model in Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer was used in this study with 10 years (2006–2015) of field experimental data collected from the CIMMYT

Aqua-agriculture reservoirs have been used as one of the main resources for supplying water to paddy fields, particularly under water shortage conditions. In this study, a simulation–optimization model for conjunctive use of irrigation canals and aqua-agriculture reservoir was developed in order to maximize rainwater harvesting while minimizing water withdrawal from irrigation canal. The simulation