ABSTRACT Zoochoric plants usually produce fruits with a mechanical barrier in the exocarp, or chemical inhibitors in the fruit pulp (mesocarp) or seed coat (endocarp) to achieve required dormancy. Tamarindus indica L. is one such zoochoric tree species, but the role of possible bioactive chemicals in the ecology of its fruit and seed dispersal has not been explored before. We investigated the germination

It would be helpful to have genomewide selection schemes that increase genetic gains within the same cost and same time as currently required in breeding programs. My objective was to assess if and how two-cycle genomewide selection can increase maize (Zea mays L.) genetic gains in a cost-neutral and time-neutral manner. As per industry sources, per-unit costs were assumed equal for genotyping, doubled

ABSTRACT Organic amendments could improve soil nitrogen (N) availability and transformation characteristics, which decreases the N loss within soil profile induced by N excessive application. A field experiment was designed in Shiqiang village with different organic amendments in 2018: (i) control (CK); (ii) chemical fertilizer (NPK); (iii) 1200 kg C ha−1 plus NPK (NPKM) and (iv) 40 kg humic acid ha−1

Climate change is an underlying cause of many extreme events such as enormous cyclones and erratic torrential rains. These phenomena threaten farmers in coastal regions of Myanmar. Self-insurance through means such as crop diversification is insufficient for sustainable farm management. Weather index insurance (WII) is receiving much attention because of its low management costs. An optimum WII contract

In the U.S. Upper Midwest where growing seasons are short, establishing winter annual cover crops following corn (Zea mays L.) is challenging. Winter camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] shows promise as a winter annual cover crop that can be dual cropped with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to help diversify the corn–soybean rotation. This 2-yr field study in southern and western Minnesota evaluated

Abstract For decades, there has been debate about the possibility that organic farming can feed the world’s population. The most recent studies, analyzing the yields of individual crops, show a yield gap between organic and conventional farming. The rotations and the intensity of soil use are also different between systems and the impact of this factor on productivity has not been assessed. A meta-analysis

Breeding for resistance to Fusarium ear rot (FER; Fusarium verticillioides Nirenberg) and fumonisin (FUM) contamination in maize (Zea mays L.) is labor intensive, time consuming, and expensive. The objective of this study is to explore three possible shortcuts to improve the efficiency of breeding for resistance to FER and FUM: relying on natural instead of artificial inoculation of Fusarium verticillioides

Soybean production can be affected by heat (HS) and water stress (WS). However, studies on effects of stresses combination under field conditions are still scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of HS, WS and their interaction (HS × WS) during seed filling on seed weight, seed growth rate (SGR) and seed filling duration (SFD) of same phenological age pods from different canopy

The combination of poorly drained soils and high rainfall can cause transient waterlogging and reduce yield of lentil. We screened 111 lentil lines for response to waterlogging in 2019 and 2020 using a pot assay outdoors. At 484 °Cd after emergence (38 d) in 2019 and 452 °Cd after emergence (42 d) in 2020, plants were waterlogged for 184 °Cd (11 d, 2019) and 167 °Cd (14 d, 2020) and allowed to recover

Drought is one of the most serious constraints to rice cultivation, even under alternate wetting and drying (AWD), which is a water-saving management practice. In rice, enhanced root development is essential for stable shoot growth, adaptability and productivity under water deficit environments. We identified and characterized outstanding rooting1 (our1) rice mutant using hydroponics. The present study

ABSTRACT In order to improve the effect of agricultural waste supervision and prevention and control of agricultural environmental pollution, under the concept of smart agriculture and circular economy, this paper builds a smart agricultural waste discharge supervision and prevention system based on big data technology. Moreover, this paper uses mathematical models such as the Environmental Kuznets

ABSTRACT In order to improve the management effect of agricultural sustainable development, this paper uses the Internet of Things technology and machine learning technology as the basis to study the agricultural sustainable development platform. Simultaneously, this paper studies the architecture of wireless sensor nodes and networks oriented to complex agricultural habitat conditions. Moreover, in

ABSTRACT This study is aimed at producing economical and high-quality phalsa diet squash (DSP) by partial or full replacement of sucrose with an equivalent sweetness from the safe artificial sweeteners, such as sucralose and saccharine. A zero-order, first-order, and second-order models were used to describe the kinetics degradation of vitamin C, toftal anthocyanin content, phenolic, and phosphorus

Increasing fresh water scarcity is a major constraint for rice (Oryza sativa) productivity under future climatic conditions. It is important to understand why rice cannot perform like other dryland cereals, when grown under drier soil conditions. The responses of plant growth, plant water status, leaf and stem anatomical attributes to soil water deficit were examined at two developmental stages of

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the main bacterial disease in potato. Solanum commersonii Dun. (cmm; 2n = 2x = 24, 1 EBN) is a native species to southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina with desirable traits for introgressive hybridisation breeding into cultivated potato such as resistance to R. solanacearum. In Uruguay, successful crosses between cmm and Solanum tuberosum Group Tuberosum

Iron deficiency is a serious global issue, particularly in developing countries. Individuals are suffering from iron deficiency due to monotonous consumption of cereal based diets, which are unable to provide adequate amounts of iron. The majority of these people cannot afford a diversified diet, iron supplements and iron fortified food products. The development of iron biofortified potatoes could

The effects of container type on plant growth, yield and production cost of seed potatoes were investigated. Potato cultivars ‘Saebong’, ‘Geumsun’ (early-maturing) and ‘Haryeong’ (mid-maturing) were grown in four types of plant container: small (25 cm × 25 cm × 19 cm, L × W × H), medium (63 cm × 22 cm × 15 cm) and large (53 cm × 37 cm × 19 cm) plastic boxes and a styrofoam bed (100 cm × 52 cm × 31

ABSTRACT Mutual leaf shading can inhibit the growth of yam, reducing tuber yield. To improve light utilization, approximately 25% of leaves in a plant were thinned during the period of maximum shoot growth. Shoot dry weight was estimated every two weeks using a non-destructive method. Leaf thinning caused higher shoot growth rates (SGRs) after thinning, while control plants had SGRs close to zero.

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effects of ozone and salicylic acid (SA) on storage life and quality of parsley. Parsley bunches were subjected to three treatments: immersion in SA solutions (1 and 2 mM), immersion in distilled water (control) and exposure to gaseous ozone (2.14 mg m−3) after dipping into distilled water. Treated bunches were stored at 1°C and 90% (± 5%) relative humidity

The fatty acid profile of oilseed Brassica carinata has prompted interest as a renewable fuel feedstock due to the high proportions of erucic acid (C22:1) in its seed. In addition, B. carinata produces a sulfur-rich secondary metabolite, called glucosinolates (GSLs), that protects the plant from pests and disease but also reduces meal palatability and its nutritional value. In B. carinata, it is not

Wheat demand in Bangladesh has increased significantly in recent years, becoming the second major staple cereal after rice. Domestic production of wheat accounts for only 16% of domestic use. More than 30 wheat varieties have been released in the past 30 years by the Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI). In the last 10 years alone, nine varieties with improved yield and disease resistance

Potato production requires intensive nitrogen (N) fertilization. To maintain yield and profitability, potato farmers must satisfy the need of the crops for N by applying fertilizer during the growing season. Petiole nitrate analysis and whole leaf total N test have been studied before to guide in-season N application, and both have strengths and weaknesses. Whole vine total N test has been discussed

Seedling vigor is a desirable trait in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) to improve plant establishment and enhance weed competition. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on seedling vigor traits was performed on a rice panel of 244 accessions consisting of the five major rice subpopulations, aromatic, aus, tropical japonica, temperate japonica and indica using the 7K SNP Cornell-IR

At initial breeding stages, using a replicated check design is a viable alternative to reduce experimental field area as well as financial and operational costs. In this situation, spatial modeling could act to increase prediction accuracy of plant genotypic values. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate how spatially adjusted models can be used to reduce experimental error and how to compare

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has unrealized potential as an alternative crop in many semiarid regions including central Argentina. Our objective was to relate how temperature and precipitation conditions with fall (5 June 2012 and 23 Apr. 2013) and winter sowing (13 Aug. 2012 and 20 Aug. 2013) affected phenology, yield, yield components, and oil percent in four winter and eight spring-type safflower

Olive orchards represent a key agricultural system with high economic and environmental prominence. Expected future climate tendencies over the Mediterranean could threaten the sustainability of such strategic tree crop. This study evaluates the productive and environmental performance of olive orchards under different climate change scenarios and management strategies across the main olive-farming

Tissue strength of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots could be an interesting breeding target, as it is a possible indicator for storability and influences the manufacturing process. The objective of this study was to analyze the importance of genotype and environment and their interaction on three texture parameters (puncture resistance, tissue firmness, and compressive strength) and to investigate

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02275-y

Bauhinia forficata is an important plant commonly used in traditional medicine, and as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. Its use as an ornamental plant is compromised by the symptoms of anthracnose. Although anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is a widespread plant disease and observed across several Brazilian regions, the species associated with this disease are unknown for most host

Stem rot, incited by Sclerotinia trifoliorum Eriksson is one of the most devastating soil borne fungal pathogens of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) inflicting significant fodder and seed yield losses. Eleven plant extracts, six organic inputs, one elicitor and five organic and inorganic salts were assayed for their effectiveness against S. trifoliorum under in vitro conditions. Extracts of Aegle

Para-aminobenzoic (PABA) is reported to induce resistance against a range of plant pathogens in different crops in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. However, factors affecting its efficacy are not well understood. Foliar PABA applications on tomato seedlings reduced lesion incidence caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) in a dose-dependent manner in distal leaves up to 18 mM under controlled

Black rot of crucifers is one of the most important diseases of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. (D.C.)) caused by the seedborne pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. From 2005, it frequently affected this cultivation in the south of Italy, leading to heavy crop losses. In the present work, we aimed to describe the physiological and molecular characteristics of twenty X. campestris pv

Olive anthracnose caused by C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides and C. boninense species complexes, is the most widespread and economically important olive disease worldwide. The most traditional symptom is fruit rot, but more recently a high incidence of blossom blight emerged in some olive world regions as Uruguay, causing significant losses. In this work, a collection of Colletotrichum isolates obtained

Plants rely on RNA silencing (RS) as a major layer of innate defense to neutralize invading viruses. In an opposite way, plant viruses evolved a survival mechanism, based on viral suppressors of RS (RSS), able to hinder the host RS activation system. In the present study, the sequences of the barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) proteins P3, P6, P9 and of Phosphoprotein (P), from Chahar Mahall

Maximizing yield is very important when developing new cultivars. However, yield must usually be improved jointly with other key traits, which can prove challenging when they are unfavorably correlated. Genomic predictions can facilitate the selection of promising lines among the progeny of crosses, but it may also help in selecting crosses that are more likely to produce improved lines by predicting

A seed remains attached to mother plant through funiculus which is the only means of communication between seed and mother plant. In general, the funiculus gets detached from seeds at maturity while harvesting and threshing. However, out of about 950 accessions of field pea screened at ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India, 8 accessions were identified to have intact funiculus in

In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), development of male-sterile versions (A-lines) of the seed parents (B-lines) is a tedious and time-consuming process limiting opportunities for the improvement of new seed parents. Assessment of the value of a potential new seed parent requires testcross hybrid evaluations, but because of male fertility of these lines, conventional methods are inadequate to

Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) is one of the aphids causing significant cereal yield losses worldwide, and greenbug biotype H is virulent to all known greenbug resistance genes in barley. Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) accession WBDC336 (PI 682028) exhibits resistance to greenbug biotypes C, E, H, I, WY81, WY12 MC, and WY86. To investigate the genetics of greenbug resistance

Despite the ability of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] to withstand harsh environmental conditions, it is susceptible to water-deficit stress during grain filling. To identify postflowering, drought-tolerant sorghum genotypes, parents of nested association mapping populations were evaluated under controlled and water-deficit conditions in greenhouse and field conditions. In both experiments,

Xinjiang is currently the most dominant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-growing region in China and possesses abundant radiation resource. The cultivation techniques such as wide and narrow row-spacing and high density are widely adopted to obtain high cotton yield in the region. However, the region is facing some problems including poor light transmittance in the field and low exploitation for light

Heading date is an important agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We previously fine-mapped two complementary genes, Late Heading Date 1 and Late Heading Date 2 (LH2), that control the late heading trait in rice. Here, we cloned and analyzed the function of LH2. LH2 was fine-mapped to a 53-kb genomic region. Sequencing analysis revealed that there were differences in the coding sequence of LOC_Os08g07740

Potato is the most important crop in Peru and late blight is the main disease affecting the crop. However, new varieties that are resistant to late blight often lack other traits that farmers and consumers prefer. Using participatory varietal selection, this study seeks to identify clones with high potential to become varieties with resistance to late blight but also feature a high marketable tuber

Abstract A study was conducted at Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan, during 2018–2020 to explore the optimum sowing date, the most productive quinoa genotype, and appropriate sowing method. Sowing dates were 15 October, 30 October, 14 November, and 29 November. Two sowing methods (ridge vs. flat sowing) and three farmer varieties (RBDC-I, RBDC-II, RBDC-III), and one approved quinoa line (Q7) were

The environmental impact of genetically modified crops has been extensively investigated. However, few reports on the influence of transgenic traits on genetic structure have been reported in the literature. It is unknown how or if transgenic cultivars have affected genotypic variation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) since its rise to dominance in cotton production. In this study, the genotypic

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins are powerful transporters and are involved in countless cellular processes of plant development. In the present study, 315, 169, and 170 ABC genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum, respectively. The ABC genes were clustered into eight subfamilies based on their structural and phylogenetic features. The ABC members

Prolonged seedling age (PS) caused by delayed transplanting frequently occurs in double-season rice (Oryza sativa L.), leading to a significant grain yield loss. However, it is not clear whether optimizing the seeding rate in the nursery and planting density in the field could compensate for this yield loss. Field experiments with two seedling age, two planting density, and two seeding rate treatments

Petroleum-derived spray oils are long known to possess insecticidal activity. Lately, there is renewed interest in the use of mineral oils for the management of in-season spread of Potato virus Y (PVY) in seed potatoes. Mineral oils are environmentally benign and least prone to resistance development in target insect pests. Therefore, their use in integrated pest management is believed to be more sustainable

The effect of β-lactam antibiotics viz. cefotaxime, carbenicillin and cephalexin was evaluated on shoot organogenesis of potato cultivars ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ and ‘Kufri Chipsona 1’. Leaf and internodal explants from 21-day-old microshoots were cultured on pre-standardized medium for shoot organogenesis (basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 10 μM AgNO3+10 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA)+15 μM gibberellin

A potential cause of the dissemination of the potato ring rot bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cs) is the use of automated seed potato cutters. The present study focuses on the question of whether disinfection practices are sufficient to prevent the transmission of Cs from contaminated machine parts to a new tuber lot. The disinfection efficacy was determined by establishing the culturability of

The drying kinetics and quality characteristics of three potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars (Agria, Granola and Marabel) cut into circles and squares were studied at 60 °C and 70 °C using a convective drier. Drying times were varied between 105 and 220 min depending on variety, shape and temperature and falling rate period was observed during hot air drying. Four mathematical models were fitted to

Existing agro-hydrological models to explore the effects of paddy management practices on hydrology and water quality suffer from multiple shortcomings because they were developed using upland characteristics. The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX)-Paddy model was recently developed to improve the agro-hydrological characteristics of paddy ecosystems. This study explores the hydrology

Abstract Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) fraction accumulation and adsorption capacity were evaluated in sandy-soil after 16 pig slurry (PS) and deep-litter (DL) applications under subtropical climate. Sixteen PS and DL applications to a Typic Hapludalf increased soil Cu and Zn soluble, exchangeable, mineral, organic, and total fractions. Cu mostly accumulated in organic and residual fractions (1.03, 4.39

ABSTRACT In order to improve the harvesting efficiency of lodging crops, starting from the reel system, this paper combines intelligent image processing algorithms to identify the characteristics of lodging crops. Moreover, this paper optimises the data set, chooses L2 norm regularisation to reduce overfitting, uses exponential decay method to set learning rate, uses moving average model to speed up

Abstract To improve the grain yield (GY) and water–nitrogen (N) use efficiency of summer maize, a 2–year field experiment was conducted using micro–sprinkling irrigation water–fertilizer integration. Surface irrigation and N application methods were applied in the control (CK, irrigation at sowing; 300 kg N ha−1). Under water–fertilizer integration, N was applied at five rates (0, 120, 180, 240, and

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of deep application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and straw (S) incorporation on grain yield and quality, nutrient accumulation, and root morphological and physiological traits in both rice cultivars during 2019 and 2020. The experimental treatments were comprised of deep N fertilization with straw incorporation (DF+S) and without straw incorporation

Detection of chitinase activity after electrophoresis in native polyacrylamide gels containing glycol chitin showed that Streptomyces macrosporeus VTCC 940003 produced several chitinases. Chito-oligosaccharides (COS) were produced from commercial chitosan using these chitinases. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the produced COS was confirmed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of

Recent agricultural expansion into regions of the Brazilian savannah or Cerrado has improved agricultural knowledge and management practices. Under this biome’s favorable conditions, the incidence of diseases such as gummy stem blight (GSB) could be a limiting factor for some crops (i.e., Cucumis melo L.), due to high losses in productivity and fruit quality. We conducted field experiments to assess

Cestrum species are being used as hedge and ornamental plants in Turkey. In this study, a Cestrum elegans plant showing chlorotic spots, rings and reddening was subjected to high throughput sequencing of small RNAs, in order to clarify its etiology. Results suggested the presence of tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), which was further confirmed by RT-PCR using two specific primers amplifying RNA-dependent