The responses of different genotypes to an environmental gradient are often nonlinear and nonparallel. Current tests for differential genotypic responses are based largely on linear regression models (stability analysis) or on evaluations of all quadruples for crossover interactions (COIs) from a two‐way genotype × environment (G × E) table if the environments are unquantified. The objective of this

This study evaluated grain anthocyanin, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentrations, and grain yield of eleven purple rice varieties (PP1–PP11) grown under wetland (W+) and aerobic conditions (W0) in 2 years. There was a significant variation in the concentrations of anthocyanin, Zn and Fe, by water regime and year among the varieties with a wide range of anthocyanin (1–117 mg 100 g−1) and narrower ranges

Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is an important food staple in developing countries in Africa, West Indies, the Pacific region, and Southeast Asia. Because taro can be grown in almost all tropical regions of the world, it will play a crucial role in food security. The use of organic mulches, which contribute to soil water management, weed control, and fertilization simultaneously, shows promise

Maize (Zea mays L.) is susceptible to salinity but shows genotypic variation for salt tolerance. How maize genotypes with contrasting root morphological traits respond to salt stress remains unclear. This study assessed genotypic variation in salinity tolerance of 20 maize genotypes with contrasting root systems exposed to NaCl for 10 days (0, 50 mM or 100 mM NaCl, added in four increments every other

In potato cultivation, the problem of controlling broadleaf weeds could be solved with the production of plants resistant to the broadleaf herbicide bentazone. Plant tissue culture technology and herbicide screening technology were used to select bentazone-resistant potato materials and to analyse the physiological and biochemical characteristics of their resistance. Potato microtubers were used as

To study the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission with biochar amendment in two or more soils with different textures, an incubation experiment was carried out with two paddy soils (developed from granite-weathered red soil (S1) and from quaternary red clay (S2)) with different textures in flooding condition. The soils were subjected to the following three biochar (derived from wheat straw) treatments: 0%

To assess the competitive ability of plant species, ecologists describe many species from contrasting habitats with traits that are proxies of ecophysiological functions whereas agronomists describe few species from similar habitats with process-based parameters. Here, we combined both approaches and compared many contrasting crop and weed species of temperate European arable crops in terms of competition

Agriculture in rural Bihar needs to maintain its productivity while enhancing its biophysical sustainability. To sustainably intensify the predominant rice-wheat systems, alternative cropping patterns with short duration legumes, planted in the usually fallow summer season, were developed. The addition of the legume ensures near-permanent soil cover, breaks the cereal-cereal cycle, and aims to improve

The selection of genotypes at the early stages is one of the main challenges facing sugarcane breeding programs. The present work aimed to compare classification techniques, namely, logistic regression (LR), k‐nearest neighbor (KNN), random forests (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) against the selection among families of sugarcane via artificial neural networks (ANN) and via a procedure based on

The DP‐305423‐1 transgene elevates oleic acid concentration and reduces polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, resulting in increased oxidative stability. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the DP‐305423‐1 transgene on agronomic and seed traits using four backcross derived soybean populations to provide further understanding of the transgene's

Lawns in the cool‐humid region typically consist of mixtures or blends of cool‐season turfgrass species and cultivars. To maintain a desirable aesthetic appearance and maximize seasonal greenness, many lawns receive supplemental irrigation. Turfgrass breeders have developed superior cultivars with reduced water needs, but the exact proportion of these grasses to include in lawn seed blends to reduce

Fine fescues, taxa within the Festuca genus, are considered some of the most shade‐tolerant cool‐season turfgrasses, but past research from field studies has been inconsistent. The objective of this research was to evaluate variation in Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin, CH), hard fescue (F. brevipila Tracey, HD), and strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra ssp. rubra Gaudin, ST)

Forage productivity is the product between incident radiation, the fraction of radiation absorbed by the canopy (fAPAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE). The extent to which forage productivity may be estimated through remote sensing depends on the relative effects of stress and defoliation on fAPAR and RUE. In a mixed pasture, we determined the relative impact of resource availability and defoliation

Improving the productivity of limited land and water resources is necessary to meet the increasing demand for food and feed. A 2-year (2016–18) field study was conducted in a humid climate in the north of Iran to examine the effect of different drainage systems on green water-use efficiency (GWUE), economic water productivity (EWP) and yield and growth indices of winter canola. The treatments consisted

Fusarium ear rot (FER), caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg, is one of the major ear diseases that affect both yield and grain quality in maize (Zea mays L.), especially in tropical environments. Fusarium genetic resistance is a complex trait, controlled by several small‐effect genes and strongly influenced by the environment. We applied a comprehensive genome‐wide association study

1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) extends shelf-life of banana fruit, however, it induces uneven ripening. The strong effect 1-MCP has on ethylene receptors probably condition the fruit to ripen unevenly. Combined application of 1-MCP and ethephon has been reported to alleviate this negative effect. However, limited work reported the effect of the treatment at cold storage. Hence, the present study determined

An investigation was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different MAP films viz., low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-film (25 μ), LDPE-film (38 μ), polypropylene (PP)-film (25 μ), PP-film (38 μ), LDPE-film (25 μ) with pinholes, LDPE-film (38 μ) with pinholes, PP-film (25 μ) with pinholes, and PP-film (38 μ) with pinholes on cold-storage life and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ (Citrus nobilis Lour x C. deliciosa

K. Ann Bybee‐Finley, Steven B. Mirsky, and Matthew R. Ryan. Crop Sci. 56:2775–2790 (2016). https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.01.0046. A mistake was made in calculating the number of seeds per m−2 on a live seed basis for the species in the experiment and resulted in the number of seeds per m−2 being underreported in Table 2. Additionally, the seed weights of the intercropped pearl millet were misreported

Residue from processing bambara seeds is abundant in West Africa, but scientific knowledge on the suitability of this residue for improving soil fertility is limited. Bambara seed residue (BSR), at 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha−1, was applied annually to an Ultisol in a two-year field experiment with cucumber. BSR input at 30 t ha−1 produced the highest yield of 256.80 g (= 0.46 t ha−1) compared with 25.70 g

Shallow-water temperature is an essential factor in various ecosystems, particularly in paddy fields, as damage to paddy rice due to high temperatures may severely affect grain yields. Here, a calculation scheme of paddy field water temperature is proposed to calculate water temperature dynamics in paddy fields and comprises three components: (1) the two-layer heat balance model, which is adopted to

Drainage management is important in intensification of irrigated paddy rice production. This study assessed the effects of drainage intensity on water and nitrogen use efficiency and rice grain yield in a field experiment conducted during three seasons in Rwanda. The experiment comprised 12 plots with four blocks and three treatments: DS0.6 (0.6 m deep drain), DD11.2 (1.2 m deep drain, control structure

Greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] is a destructive pest of wheat worldwide. Incorporation of wheat greenbug resistance genes in wheat breeding pipelines is critical to improve wheat production. The greenbug resistance gene Gb5, originally identified in Triticum speltoides chromosome 7S and transferred to wheat chromosome 7A, confers resistance to several economically important greenbug biotypes

The use of synthetic pigment‐containing products on golf playing surfaces has increased dramatically by golf course superintendents to provide green color and improve stress tolerance. Most turf colorants are synthesized from various phthalocyanine pigments, which share visible spectral properties with green plant tissue. Vegetation indices, such as normalized difference (NDVI), are commonly used by

Crop wild relatives (CWR) of carrot including 64 germplasm accessions of Daucus carota L. subsp. carota, Daucus carota L. subsp. capillifolius, and Daucus carota L. subsp. gummifer, as well as two accessions of another 18 chromosome species, Daucus syrticus Murb., were grown in field trials to flowering under conditions of heat, drought, and salinity stress in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Plant growth

During a century of maize (Zea mays L.) breeding, genetic gain for yield was largely determined by increased reproductive resilience under stress and establishment of sink size (number of grains per unit area). Considering grains as competing sinks with other organs for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) assimilates, understanding plausible changes in the C and N economy and its relation to changes in reproductive

Prediction of crop yield and quality is an essential component of successful implementation of precision agriculture. Given the recent commercialization of low-cost multispectral cameras mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles and advances in machine learning techniques, prediction systems for crop characteristics can be more precisely developed using machine learning techniques. Therefore, the model performances

This research was carried out to examine the effects of different doses of bacterial formulation comprised of a mixture of Bacillus megaterium TV-91C, Pantoea agglomerans RK-92 and Kluyvera cryocrescens TV-113C strains on the plant development and bract quality of poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch), which are one of the most important potted plants grown for their fleshy bracts

Differently expression proteins under high‐temperature and drought stress were screened to investigate how stress affected the insecticidal protein content. These stresses decrease insecticidal protein, so the goal of this study was to provide a theoretical reference for maintaining the insect resistance of Bt cotton. The effect of high‐temperature and drought stress on differently expression protein

Conversion of native pasturelands to cultivated land led to a decline in soil fertility resulting in low agricultural productivity. This study attempted to investigate the magnitude and rate of pastureland to cultivated land conversion and the associated impact on selected soil properties. The study was conducted in three villages of Ofla district, northern Ethiopia. Land-use conversion that happened

This work aimed to study the impacts of long-term pig slurry (PS) amendment by soil organic matter (SOM) structural characterization. The study was conducted over five years in an experimental field with PS amendment. Two doses (50 m3 ha−1 and 100 m3 ha−1) of PS were applied to soil twice every year, once before planting the winter crop (Avena strigosa Schreb. + Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and once before

Crop yield estimation plays a significant role in agricultural development and management decision making. Simulation of crop growth at field scales requires high-resolution remote sensing (RS) data and an applicable model. However, RS data based on satellite sensors are affected by atmospheric interference, limiting its use in precision agriculture. The objective of this study is to assimilate plant

Poa annua is a remarkably versatile grass species with biotypes ranging from perennial to annual. Despite its recent evolutionary origins, Poa annua can be found as an invasive weed on all seven continents of the globe including extremely inhospitable locations such as Mount Kilimanjaro and the Antarctic Mainland. The molecular mechanisms underlying Poa annua’s versatility are unresolved but thought

Cowpea is a valuable crop for subsistence farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa. Characterization and evaluation of cowpea germplasm collection based on seed yield for genotype by environment (GE) interactions can assist in improving the adaptability and stability across environments. This study objectives were to determine genetic variability in the germplasm collection, to determine the magnitude of GE interactions

One response to mitigate the impact of climate change on agricultural systems is to develop new varieties that are tolerant to the new range of biotic and abiotic challenges this change causes. This requires access to novel variants of genes for complex adaptive traits. Crop wild relatives are a potentially valuable source of these genes however these materials are often difficult to work with and

The most effective strategy to manage bean anthracnose (ANT), caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is the use of resistant cultivars. There are more than 20 ANT resistance genes that have been identified and mapped in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) chromosomes. Moreover, quantitative resistance loci (QRLs) have been described through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Identification of

Combinations of cultivar selection and management practices are used to maximize soybean yields in Japan. High plant density could increase the amount of solar radiation intercepted by the canopy and thereby increase growth and yield, but both cultivar and environment affect the response to plant density. The mechanisms underlying responses of soybean to high plant density are not fully understood

This research attempted to evaluate the soil loss-prone zones and affecting key factors in a suburb agricultural area in the western Mashhad city, northeastern Iran, using the universal soil loss equation model. All erosion factors and components were produced in GIS grid-based modeling. Therefore, the required data, such as topography, climate, and soil characteristics, were collected from global

Guarana is a typical South American plant, native to the Amazon, with subspontaneous occurrence in Maués, Amazonas‐Brazil, where it was domesticated and cultivated by the Sateré‐Mawé indigenous community. Guarana is an original Brazilian product with great economic and industrial potential owing to the energetic, antioxidant and medicinal properties of its seeds. In spite of its importance, there is

Lygus spp. are major pests of the California strawberry industry and have prompted growers to purchase and use machines called “bug vacuums” to mitigate damage throughout the production season. The aim of this work was to design, develop and evaluate a vacuum to mechanically remove and eliminate Lygus spp. from California strawberry fields at higher rates than existing vacuum systems. Field tests of

The complete genomic sequence of cassava common mosaic virus isolate Linggao (CsCMV-LG) was determined from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with mild foliar mosaic symptom in Hainan Province, China. Excluding the poly(A) tail, the CsCMV-LG genome (GenBank accession No. MT038420) is 6374 nucleotides (nts) in length, with five major open reading frames encoding a 1450-amino acids (aa) RNA-dependent

Macrophomina phaseolina is the causal agent of charcoal rot disease of melons causing significant losses worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is a desirable method for controlling this disease, but there is no information about the influence of temperature on the resistant behavior found in melon accessions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of temperature on the reaction of

Pythium isolates from diseased and dead bait plants of maize and cress grown in compost or various soils (maize fields, parkland under deciduous trees, grassland) were characterised and tested for pathogenicity to maize (Zea mays L.). In pot tests performed under controlled conditions, pathogenicity of the isolates to maize was apparent by reduction of root and shoot growth, whereas damping-off of

Blast disease is one of the most important diseases of rice with the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae as the causal agent. This research was carried out to evaluate the blast resistance in aerobic rice genotypes in comparison with Iranian lowland rice cultivars as a randomized complete block design by measuring area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) on 53 rice genotypes with three replications in 2017

Nematicidal activities of 17 phytochemicals belonging to the monoterpene, sesquiterpene, phenylpropene and alkaloid classes were assessed in vitro and in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that, based on LC50 values, monoterpenes and phenylpropenes were more toxic than sesquiterpenes and alkaloids to second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica. α-Terpinene (LC50 = 36

The Brassica genotypes selected for the experiments were previously found to be resistant to various Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes (Pb). Their interaction with pathotypes Pb2, Pb3 and Pb9 isolated in Poland was studied, using macroscopic observation for the presence of root galls, microscopic observations of P. brassicae plasmodia in the root hairs and quantitative PCR for determination of the

Although resistance to diseases is genetically controlled, the environment has a strong influence on the reaction of plants to pathogens. Thus, the selection of superior genotypes in plant breeding programs can be more efficient the more intrinsically the environmental factors that influence the trait of interest are considered. This study aimed to investigate the adaptive genetic capacity of popcorn

The genus Dolichodorus was discovered from a natural forest in Gilan province, north Iran, in association with an oak tree. The recovered population represents a new species, and was described and illustrated based upon morphological and molecular data, as D. rex n. sp. It is characterized by 2171–3275 μm long females having offset crown-like cephalic region with well sclerotized cephalic framework

Three new species-specific primer sets were designed to detect C. truncatum, C. gloeosporioides species complex, and C. scovillei, which were reported as the cause of chili anthracnose disease. These new primers were designed based on the sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region to amplify and identify short size target DNA (<200 bp). The short size target DNA is more efficient for

Global trading of plant materials, in combination with agricultural practices, may facilitate the spreading of cyst nematodes to so far non-infected areas. Recently Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN) was recognized to be present in Indonesia and both diversity and distribution require further study. Assessment of PCN populations was done by collecting soil samples, determination of morphological characteristics

This experiment analyzed the effect of the treated wastewater (TWW) use via irrigation on the production of dry matter and content of nutrient and sodium (Na) in millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) and on the chemical properties of clay soil (CS) and sandy loam soil (SLS). The study was conducted in 5 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of five TWW concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%), combined

Soybean breeding involves crossing and inbreeding for multiple generations to develop genetically‐stable lines. The long generation times cause early generations to be the major bottleneck in soybean breeding. Here we tested the effect of red and blue lights (RB) and full spectrum white lights (FS), coupled with 12 h light (29 °C) / 12 h darkness (27 °C) photothermal conditions, on the growth and development

Annual bluegrass (ABG, Poa annua L.) is often considered an undesirable species on golf courses in many regions of the United States. However, the long‐term effect of the cultural and chemical management practices is not sufficiently investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the long‐term effect of nitrogen (N), iron (Fe) sulfate, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on AGB populations

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax citrulli is a serious threat to the watermelon industry. Currently, there are no commercial watermelon cultivars with resistance to BFB. In this three‐year study, we conducted a screening of 1,452 Citrullus spp. cultigens (plant introductions [PIs] and cultivars) for resistance to BFB at the immature fruit stage. However, due to high levels of missing

Aflatoxin contamination in corn grain negatively impacts human and animal health. This research was conducted to determine if interactions among cultural practices influence aflatoxin accumulation on inoculated and naturally infested corn. Season‐long irrigation thresholds (full irrigation at ‐50 kPa vs. deficit irrigation at ‐125 kPa), planting date (late March vs. late April), and hybrid selection

Paddy fields provide a broad range of habitats to wintering waterbirds as natural wetlands have declined worldwide. However, the intensification of farming practices has altered the microclimates of the wet agricultural soil, the composition of soil invertebrates, thus indirectly affecting the avifauna. This study evaluated the importance of paddy fields as wintering grounds for two avian indicators

The photosynthetic rate (Pn) and leaf area index (LAI) play an important role in dry matter production. To understand the role of zinc (Zn) fertilizer in increasing the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) by regulating Pn and LAI, a field experiment with six Zn rates (0, 2.3, 5.7, 11.4, 22.7, and 34.1 kg Zn ha−1) was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on a calcareous

Turfgrass is often planted along roadsides due to its adaptability and capacity to perform a wide range of functions. Like other roadside vegetation, it must withstand a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses while persisting long term with minimal management inputs. In cold‐weather climates, snow and ice management practices on roads include the use of deicing salts. Deicing salts can have negative

Increasing temperatures are adversely affecting various food crops, including legumes, and this issue requires attention. The growth of two cool‐season food legumes, chickpea and lentil, is inhibited by high temperatures but their relative sensitivity to heat stress and the underlying reasons have not been investigated. Moreover, the high‐temperature thresholds for these two legumes have not been well‐characterised

Biological potassium fertilizer (BPF) is a promising technology to improve potassium availability in soil through bio-activation of endogenous K-reserves. A group of microorganisms has been recognized for K solubilization from insoluble silicate minerals (e.g. biotite, feldspar, illite, muscovite, orthoclase and mica) and these microorganisms can potentially perform a key role in enhancing K supply