Abstract The effect of a traditional stored chickpea protection method on occurrence of Adzuki bean beetle and its natural enemies was studied using cultivars Natoli and Arerti. Quncho, a white-seed tef, was admixed with chickpea grain on replacement basis at the rate of 0% (10 kg chickpea grain), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Each treatment was replicated three times and arranged in two factors

Abstract Pesticides have a number of significant benefits to humans with improved crop yield and controlled vector populations. The pesticides such as organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates cause toxicity by either targeting the nervous system of the prospective pests or by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because humans are also exposed to them in the runaway process, there is an

Abstract Alkaloids are the most basic organic compounds involved in crucial physiological activities and are widely found in plants, animals and microorganisms. Due to the anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, bacteriostatic, and analgesic effects of alkaloids, previous research primarily focused on their medical utilization. In recent years, research regarding alkaloids in botanical pesticides has gradually

Abstract Investigations were undertaken for a better understanding of seasonality, interaction with tea ecosystem, and parasitic impact of an endoparasitoid Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the destructive tea looper Hyposidra talaca (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The population abundance of C. ruficrus was noticed as high in the months of pre-winter and spring seasons

Abstract Neotropical fruit bats of the genus Carollia consume the infructescences of native Piper species. Black pepper, Piper nigrum, a species exotic to the Neotropics, has been planted in several countries of Latin America. Black pepper has been reported as a frequent item in the diet of C. brevicauda and also has found in the diet of C. perspicillata. Essential oils of Neotropical Piper species

Abstract Links between ecosystem collapse and biological invasions have been scarcely documented with empirical field measurements. In Chile the recent collapse of Aculeo lake, which was the largest natural freshwater body of the Central zone of Chile, produced a serious socio-environmental crisis in the local population. Here, we aim to report the concerning densities of the highly invasive Bagrada

Abstract Ceratitis capitata is the most serious agricultural pest in Argentinean fruit-growing regions. The use of baited traps for Medfly control is an expanding and increasingly successful integrated management strategy. The high cost of traps and attractants is one of the main limitations for use on either a massive scale or a small-scale control. This study aimed to evaluate the advantages or disadvantages

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda is considered the most severe maize pest in the world and Ethiopia as well. A survey was conducted during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons to determine the distribution, relative importance, and the association between S. frugiperda intensity and biophysical factors. A total of 375 maize fields were surveyed during the two cropping seasons. The spatiotemporal analysis

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive pest of soft-skin fruits. Due to its recent introduction, there are currently no studies about its chemical control in Argentina. The aim of this research was to evaluate five formulated insecticides with different mode of action against eggs, larvae and adults of D. suzukii under laboratory conditions. The product formulated with spinosad was

Abstract To maximize crop yield, farmers use a wide array of herbicides. These chemicals have different mechanisms of action such as inhibition of photosynthesis and synthesis of aminoacids, lipids, and carotenoids in plant organs. The action of herbicides is often accompanied by the release of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in cells, and under their effect, modification of physiological processes occur

Abstract Weed management has been one of the major components of carrot production where the critical period of weed competition is longer as the development of a carrot canopy is very slow. Thus, hand weedings must be applied to control weeds. In this context, use of residual herbicides assumes greater significance in this important root vegetable. The field efficacy of fluorochloridone, a residual

Abstract Diamondback moth is one of the destructive insect pests of brassicaceous vegetable crops worldwide with increased insecticide resistance. Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely-used organophosphate insecticides to control various pests including P. xylostella. The insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella can be best managed by perceiving CPF resistance inheritance. We designed this experiment

Abstract Sustainable weed management strategies are important for reducing chemical inputs and development of weed resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extracts from winter cover crops (cereal rye, black oat, forage turnip, and common vetch) and summer cover crops (jack bean, velvet bean, and brown hemp) on seed germination and seedling growth of glossy nightshade (Solanum americanum

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is a ruinous insect pest, native to tropical and subtropical regions of western hemisphere. It has recently invaded Indian subcontinent during 2018, causing severe damage to crops of several genera of many plant families. The incidence of FAW infestation ranged from 12% to 74%, indicating its establishment in central India where it poses an immediate

Abstract The contact insecticidal activity of in natura and maltodextrin/Angum gum nanoencapsulated essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Zataria multiflora Bioss was evaluated against the third instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The essential oil from E. globulus exhibited an average yield of 1.19%, and presented 1,8-cineol (59.08%) as the major component, while

Abstract This study examined the use of crop health advices that farmers received at village-based plant clinics and their determinants in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 210 randomly selected plant clinic users from three districts of Ethiopia, and analysed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model. Plant clinic users were smallholders with an average landholding of 0

Abstract Maize is one of the most important crops in the world, particularly in Mexico where it was domesticated and is central to traditional cultures. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]), is a major pest that can greatly reduce production of this crop. Climate change also threatens maize production, as projections estimate an increase of fall armyworm outbreaks. For these reasons

Abstract Plants produce arrays of secondary metabolites that act synergistically to deter and/or intoxicate herbivores. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of piperine and β-asarone, individually and in binary mixtures, to examine their synergistic effects against larvae of two generalist herbivores, Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata. Acute toxicity of piperine after topical application

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate integrated pest management (IPM) practices among hop growers in relation to downy mildew. Forty-eight hop samples, originating from the Saaz hop growing region (Czech Republic) and harvested in 2018 and 2019 seasons, were analyzed using HPLC-HR-MS/MS and AAS methods. Of all the samples analyzed, residues of Ametoctradin, Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, Dimethomorph

Abstract The toxic and developmental properties of the three essential oils isolated from Artemisia monosperma, Origanum vulgare and Schinus molle were evaluated against Culex pipiens. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that capillene (36.86%), d-pulegone (77.45%) and α-phellandrene (29.78%) were the most dominant compounds in A. monosperma, O. vulgare and S. molle, respectively

Abstract The control of rodent pests with novel rodenticides is an important strategy subsequently they are cost-effective in reduction of agriculture damage in the urban environment. The current field study was conducted to test the efficiency of newly formulated baits of zinc phosphide (2%) and brodifacoum (0.005%) in combination and alone mixed with additives for the control of field rats prevailing

Abstract This study quantified crop losses and economic impacts associated with papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) infestation in Kenya and identified the most important predictors of papaya tree (Carica papaya L.) yield losses through a household survey of 404 farmers. At least 95% male and 88% female respondents correctly identified papaya mealybug. Papaya was the most affected crop by the pest

Abstract African maize stem borer, Busseola fusca is an important pest of maize in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the relationship between B. fusca population density and yield losses in maize. Twenty four maize farms were visited in 12 localities of southern Ethiopia at three growth stages of maize during 2015 and 2016. Data were collected on percent of infestation, number of larvae and

Abstract With the aim to establish a novel nano-formulation with a high nematocidal activity and safety for human as well as the ecosystem, in this work, lipid based nanoemulsions (LNs) co-encapsulating chili oil, cinnamon oil and neem oil (NaTri) was prepared by a combined method of homogenization and sonication. The mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential of the prepared NaTri

Abstract Being one of the most disastrous pierce-sucking pests of tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze], tea green leafhopper (Empoasca onukii Matsuda) greatly affects tea yield and quality. In this paper, correlations among leaf structure, biochemical components and tea green leafhopper occurrence in tea cultivars with larger planting area were deeply analyzed, aiming to find the key factor

Abstract Effective broad-spectrum herbicides are needed to address the issues of herbicide resistance and weed shifts in common cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in West Bengal, India to compare the performance of three post-emergence herbicides (bispyribac-sodium; fenoxaprop-p-ethyl; penoxsulam) in monsoon rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their residual effects on succeeding

Abstract This study evaluates the economic potential for Area Wide Management (AWM) of the Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) through three case studies across endemic and Pest-Free Areas (PFA) in south-east Australia. The cost of Qfly needs to be identified before the potential benefit of AWM and SIT can be evaluated. We use results from grower workshops and expert

Abstract After the vkorc1 gene was first identified, changes occurring in the gene have been considered one of the main reasons of reduced susceptibility of house mice to anticoagulants. A no-choice feeding test was conducted according to standard EPPO (2004 EPPO . 2004. Efficacy evaluation of rodenticides: testing rodents for resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides – PP1/198(1), in EPPO (2004): efficacy

Abstract Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), populations exhibit varying levels of resistance to several insecticide classes, including pyrethroids. Artificial laboratory selection was conducted to investigate mechanisms underlying fenpropathrin resistance. After ten generations of selection, the LC50 for fenpropathrin increased from 0.18 to 11.60 ng/μL, and the associated

Abstract Tagetes patula intercropping with carrot and cauliflower was investigated for pest control and carotenoid production. The monocropped vegetables uncovered and covered with non-woven fleece served as controls. The yield of T. patula flowers and carotenoids was not affected by the intercropping. The intercropping significantly reduced the frequency of forked carrots and increased cauliflower

Abstract Cherimoya is native to southern Ecuador, where it occurs in secondary forests with a high pest incidence, mainly fruit flies. In this research, five McPhail traps baited with Süsbin® 10% were installed in four cherimoya forest, from December 2017 to April 2018, and fruits were collected during the fruition phase to extract the larvae. A total of 1083 Tephritidae individuals and 3613 pupae

Abstract Mistletoes are parasitic flowering plants that attack plants like cocoa and kill branches distal to point of attachment. Consequently, cocoa farmers incorporate trees to provide shade to limit germination and establishment of Tapinanthus bangwensis mistletoe species, but without success. This study was conducted in South-Western Ghana to identify causal factors of mistletoe infestation using

Abstract Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a serious insect pest of citrus worldwide due to the capacity to transmit causal agent of the huanglongbing. Mineral oils are recommended in the integrated pest management programs to prevent resistance development. The primary objective of this study was to determine emergence inhibition and antifeedant effect of three mineral oils with similar n-paraffin carbon

Abstract Dandelion anthodium (n=100) containing parachutes/seeds were collected from environmental locations and the number of bacteria enumerated, the bacterial flora identified and the total antimicrobial resistance (intrinsic + acquired) characterised. Mean microbiological counts per dandelion head were 3.72 × 10 exp 6. Certain bacteria present at each location were totally resistant to several

Abstract Farmers' knowledge of major insect pests and their occurrence in cocoa plantations in Ghana as well as common practices of farmers to control these pests were assessed. It was found that 52%, 41%, and 74% of the respondents could not recognize mirid bug (Sahlbergella singularis), stink bug (Bathycoelia thalassina), and coreid bug (Pseudotheraptus devastans), respectively, when they saw these

Abstract Fimbristylis miliacea is becoming a major rice weed in South and Southeast Asia. An understanding of how this weed species competes with rice and how to manage this weed under multiple resource limitations the development of cultural methods is important. Therefore, a study was conducted in greenhouse to determine the effect of varying rice seeding densities (0, 8, and 32 plants pot−1), nitrogen

Abstract Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the increasing concerns in rice causing severe economic losses worldwide. Chemical control measures are already in practice for the management of this disease but approach for discovery of new chemicals with improved disease control potential is essential. The present investigation involves the development of nanoformulations of halogen

Abstract Long-term mass rearing of parasitoids under laboratory conditions may affect their quality. We studied the quality of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared for more than 20 generations (G) using two-sex life table parameters. We found that G2 had the longest pre-adult development time (12.4 d) and the highest fecundity (1304.00 eggs/female) compared with the other generations

Abstract Essential oils are composed of volatile components, and rapidly evaporate. It is desirable to formulate them in a cover protecting the essential oils against environmental conditions. Applying nanotechnology to preparing desirable formulations of essential oils can be provided in a cover along with controlled release, increased oil life and greater mobility. In this study, nanoparticles were

Abstract A new delivery system was applied to control P. operculella based on interpolation of Lippia citriodora essential oil into PVA-nanofiber using electrospinning technique. Based on GC-MS results, geranial and (-)-spathulenol were the prevailing compounds of the essential oil. Fumigant bioassay revealed that nano-formulated essential oil was more toxic than L. citriodora pure one. The results

Abstract Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a major constraint for seed potato production in India. For its efficient management, the within-plant distribution of B. tabaci was explored, and a sequential sampling plan was developed for potato crops. The highest proportion of B. tabaci adults, nymphs, and eggs was found on leaf numbers 3–7, 6–9, and 2–6, respectively (with leaf numbers beginning

Predatory mites may occur in the agricultural areas naturally or be released intentionally to control target pests. However, the side effect of chemical pesticides on beneficial mites threatens the presence of such natural enemies. One of the major factors allowing them to survive after pesticide exposure is resistance development. Nevertheless, very little is known about mechanisms underlying resistance

The transgenic soybean expressing the cry1Ac insecticidal gene of the Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium has been widely adopted in agriculture. This bacterium acts as an efficient control agent of pest insects due to the expression of different proteins with entomopathogenic activity such as Cry and Vip. This study investigates the toxicity and mode of interaction between the Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry2Aa

We utilized data from cereal, legume, and vegetable growers in Kenya and Uganda to assess their knowledge and management practices of common pests and willingness to pay (WTP) for biopesticides. The contingent valuation method was used to assess the WTP and associated factors among 600 and 700 farmers in Kenya and Uganda, respectively. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) was reported as the major

Arhopalus rusticus rusticus and Arhopalus syriacus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are exotic forestry pests that coexist in Córdoba (Argentina). To contribute to forest management strategies, we examined how their emergence, development, and abundance affect the sex ratio. We found a dispersal sex ratio of 0.5:0.5 (males:females) in both species. The birth sex ratio was 0.5:0.5 in A. syriacus and 0.6:0

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest that transmits tospoviruses such as Tomato spotted wilt virus. Jasmonate (JA) and its derivatives are phytohormones with essential roles in plant defense against herbivorous arthropods. In experiments conducted over 2 years, we evaluated how spraying with prohydrojasmon (PDJ), a JA derivative

In Morocco Culex pipiens mosquitoes cause serious nuisance in most urban areas. Control programs mainly rely on chemical insecticides, but numerous failures have been reported in the area, suggesting the development of resistant populations. In this study, we determined the resistance levels of the larval populations to two organophosphates; temephos and chlorpyriphos, commonly used in four prefectures

Caligula japonica is a serious defoliator pest of walnut trees, Juglans regia, in China. Important information about the occurrence of C. japonica egg masses on host plants and their indigenous parasitoids under field conditions are rarely documented. Here the distribution of egg masses of C. japonica on the trunks of J. regia and occurrence of its parasitoids in Kangxian, the most important walnut

In this research, we evaluated sublethal effects of five commercial insecticides of fenvalerate, propargite, buprofezin, dayabon and palizin which are used in chemical control of target pests of Habrobracon hebetor Say (an idiobiont and gregarious ectoparasitoid), on the functional response of this important biocontrol agent. First, 80 mated females of H. hebetor were treated by LC30 of selected insecticides

Identifying determinants of integrated pest management (IPM) adoption is crucial for promoting the use of more ecologically benign pest control tactics in the agricultural sector. The present study examined farmers’ perception of IPM and determinants of IPM adoption in vegetables production in Bangladesh. A total of 350 vegetable farmers were surveyed. Approximately one-third of the farmers agreed

We evaluated spray coverage on grape leaves and bunches by a high-volume sprayer (HVS), an air-assisted, low volume knapsack sprayer (LVS), and a motorized knapsack dust applicator modified to spray liquid formulations (common sprayer – CS). At the full development of the vine canopy 1400, 250 and 150 L ha−1 were applied via HVS, CS and LVS, respectively. Sprayer type, leaf or bunch orientation, leaf

In the present study, 15 fungal isolates were found. The antagonistic potential of seven of these, including Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. virens, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Aspergillus sp., and Drechslera triseptata were proved under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. In the dual culture method, T. virens and T. viride (65.51%), in the volatile compounds method, T. harzianum (66.66%)

Soil amendments, constituting of various plant and animal sources, were evaluated in pits for their effects on Meloidogyne spp. infecting tomato in comparison to the synthetic nematicide fenamiphos and the untreated control. Fifty-six days after transplanting, soil and root samples were collected for nematode extraction and counting while fruit mass and the number of fruits were also recorded and the

The current experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions to check the effect of silicon application methods (foliar and drenching), silicon sources (silicon dioxide: SiO2 and potassium silicate: K2SiO3), and silicon concentrations (0, 200 and 400 ppm) on the oviposition preference and biology of Bemisia tabaci on cotton plants. Significantly lower oviposition and increased duration of all immature

In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of 27 isolates of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex (FIESC) against N. corniger and S. frugiperda: four Fusarium sulawesiense (= FIESC 16), six Fusarium pernambucanum (= FIESC 17) and seventeen Fusarium caatingaense (= FIESC 20). Suspensions of 1 × 107 conidia/mL−1 were used for the pathogenicity tests. Cumulative mortality data on the fifth

Storage pests are a major concern to smallholder farmers in Africa south of the Sahara since their livelihoods heavily depend on subsistence agriculture. These farmers depend mainly on traditional grain storage materials and pest management methods, both of which are generally ineffective against pests. Here we provide insights into stored-grain losses suffered by highland and lowland farmers in northern

The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of synthetic predatory cue containing sulphurous odours as an area repellent to reduce rodent damage. Groups of mature Rattus rattus of both sexes were exposed to 0.5%, 1% and 2% concentrations of 2,4,5-trimethylthiazole (TMTZ), a synthetic predatory cue, applied through cotton swab under laboratory and simulated indoor store conditions. Laboratory

Weed infestation is a major factor attributed for the poor yield of soybean. Field experiments were therefore conducted to evaluate the influence of row spacing and weed control methods on weed dynamics, seed yield and profitability of soybean. The use of 50 cm row spacing reduced the density and biomass of grass weed species including Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum

Potato is regarded as the future crop for assuring food security in the developing world. Of many diseases which limit the growth and trade value of potatoes, silver scurf is emerging at an alarming rate. Potato silver scurf is a widespread disease in which silvery skin blemishes appear on the periderm of tubers. The causal agent Helminthosporium solani Durieu & Mont is an Ascomycete fungus which attacks

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major oilseed and cash crop of Asia and Africa. Fungal diseases, grey weevils and termites are consistent major pests in arid region inflicting damage to the groundnut production. It is not feasible to identify all the pests precisely and adopt several management practices simultaneously to protect the crop in curative mode. Therefore, an integrated biointensive