Abstract Various Neonicotinoid guanidine/amidine analogues 1–3 were synthesized by the reaction of cyanoguanidine with acetylpyrimidines or diacetylpyridine. Their spectral analyses identified the synthesized compounds 1–3. The preliminary bioassays showed that all synthesized compounds showed moderate insecticidal activities against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Wheat Aphid (Schizaphis

Abstract Weed control success with pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides is affected by environmental factors including rainfall and plant residue. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate PRE herbicide efficacy against johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.). One experiment investigated herbicide efficacy under

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate management of Meloidogyne incognita in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using a rotation with castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), a potential cash crop. Reproduction of the nematode on castor bean in the greenhouse and effect of its planting on nematode populations on cotton in the field were tested. The effect of castor bean cake on nematode populations and its

Abstract The tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive pest that produces significant damage to tomato crops in Senegal. Biological control is one of the options for its control and a large number of natural enemies have been reported in association with the pest. A five-year field survey was conducted in the main tomato-producing area in Senegal (Niayes) to

Abstract Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is a highly efficient parasitoid that has been commercially used for augmentative biological control of the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). The success of control efforts with this parasitoid could be compromised by the use of non-selective pesticides. This study was conducted to determine if acetamiprid

Abstract As a major staple, rice is at the center of attention given the current challenges related to food security and agriculture sustainability. From the last three decades, labor and water scarcity has led to a switch from traditional hand transplanting to direct seeding. While the latter presents some advantages, it also fosters weeds that are the major threat to rice production. Weedy rice is

Abstract The life history and fitness parameters of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, were studied under ambient (410 ppm) and elevated concentrations (460, 510, 560, and 610 ppm) of carbon dioxide in a Soil–Plant–Atmosphere–Research chamber. The results revealed that the egg and larval durations were significantly longer at 410 ppm and shortened at a higher carbon dioxide concentration of 610 ppm

Abstract The cocoa swollen shoot virus disease persists in Ghana in spite of the implementation of an eradication campaign against the disease by the government since 1948. Two major factors are identified as limiting the success of the eradication campaign. First, the extension problem, namely, the low level of growers’ knowledge (know-why) concerning the disease, including knowledge of the causal

Abstract Anticarsia gemmatalis is the most important soybean pest in various countries of America controlled mainly with synthetic insecticides. Effective management alternatives to control and avoid of insecticide resistance are needed against this pest. The toxicity, behavioral response, and respiration of A. gemmatalis larvae exposed to lemongrass essential oil (LEO) and its components were investigated

Abstract Predatory mites have an incredible role in the suppression of spider mites in modern agriculture. The present study compared some behavioral traits of two predatory mites, namely Neoseiulus californicus McGregor and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot in response to different life stages of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. In no-choice predation test, both predators had a

Abstract A field experiment was run in two years to evaluate five organic materials as the potential alternatives for the use of the herbicides to lessen the weed infestation in tomato production. The application rate of corn residues + sawdust (CRSD), rice straw + sawdust (RSSD), wheat straw + sawdust (WSSD), barley straw + sawdust (BSSD), and shredded date palm leaves + sawdust (SDPLSD) as the mulch

Abstract Molecular detection of infections is normally performed by searching for the DNA of the pathogen in infected tissues. We consider the possibility of detecting an ongoing infection by analyzing the systemic response. The genes coding for FAD-binding domain-containing protein and two Cytochrome P450s were upregulated in visually healthy tissue of pathogen-inoculated leaves at 24 and 48 hours

Abstract The major pestiferous insects during both crop seasons included aphids and diamond back moth; while, flea beetles and painted bug attained pest status during 2015-16; besides, tobacco caterpillar was noticed during 2016-17. Maximum reduction in aphid population (45.81 and 54.07%, respectively, at 1 and 3 DAS) was recorded for A. indica oil followed by Spinosad 45%SC; same schedule had maximum

Abstract The high productivity potential of sweet potato is restricted by myriads of insect pests that reduce the quantity and quality of its yield. This study investigated the insect pests of Ipomoea batatas and evaluated extracts from four botanicals namely: Carica papaya, Azadirachta indica, Chromolaena odorata and Moringa oleifera for the control of insect pests of the crop. The vines of two varieties

Abstract The non-crop habitats within agro-ecosystems are important resources for ecological and biological insect pest management. Diversified cropping systems are known to influence pest populations, however, how neighboring habitats affect pest population dynamics is not clear. This study focused on understanding the influence of wetland borders on Fall Armyworm (FAW) and wasps prevalence in a maize-soybean

Abstract The effect of a traditional stored chickpea protection method on occurrence of Adzuki bean beetle and its natural enemies was studied using cultivars Natoli and Arerti. Quncho, a white-seed tef, was admixed with chickpea grain on replacement basis at the rate of 0% (10 kg chickpea grain), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Each treatment was replicated three times and arranged in two factors

Abstract Pesticides have a number of significant benefits to humans with improved crop yield and controlled vector populations. The pesticides such as organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates cause toxicity by either targeting the nervous system of the prospective pests or by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because humans are also exposed to them in the runaway process, there is an

Abstract Alkaloids are the most basic organic compounds involved in crucial physiological activities and are widely found in plants, animals and microorganisms. Due to the anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, bacteriostatic, and analgesic effects of alkaloids, previous research primarily focused on their medical utilization. In recent years, research regarding alkaloids in botanical pesticides has gradually

Abstract Investigations were undertaken for a better understanding of seasonality, interaction with tea ecosystem, and parasitic impact of an endoparasitoid Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the destructive tea looper Hyposidra talaca (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The population abundance of C. ruficrus was noticed as high in the months of pre-winter and spring seasons

Abstract Neotropical fruit bats of the genus Carollia consume the infructescences of native Piper species. Black pepper, Piper nigrum, a species exotic to the Neotropics, has been planted in several countries of Latin America. Black pepper has been reported as a frequent item in the diet of C. brevicauda and also has found in the diet of C. perspicillata. Essential oils of Neotropical Piper species

Abstract Links between ecosystem collapse and biological invasions have been scarcely documented with empirical field measurements. In Chile the recent collapse of Aculeo lake, which was the largest natural freshwater body of the Central zone of Chile, produced a serious socio-environmental crisis in the local population. Here, we aim to report the concerning densities of the highly invasive Bagrada

Abstract Ceratitis capitata is the most serious agricultural pest in Argentinean fruit-growing regions. The use of baited traps for Medfly control is an expanding and increasingly successful integrated management strategy. The high cost of traps and attractants is one of the main limitations for use on either a massive scale or a small-scale control. This study aimed to evaluate the advantages or disadvantages

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda is considered the most severe maize pest in the world and Ethiopia as well. A survey was conducted during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons to determine the distribution, relative importance, and the association between S. frugiperda intensity and biophysical factors. A total of 375 maize fields were surveyed during the two cropping seasons. The spatiotemporal analysis

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive pest of soft-skin fruits. Due to its recent introduction, there are currently no studies about its chemical control in Argentina. The aim of this research was to evaluate five formulated insecticides with different mode of action against eggs, larvae and adults of D. suzukii under laboratory conditions. The product formulated with spinosad was

Abstract To maximize crop yield, farmers use a wide array of herbicides. These chemicals have different mechanisms of action such as inhibition of photosynthesis and synthesis of aminoacids, lipids, and carotenoids in plant organs. The action of herbicides is often accompanied by the release of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in cells, and under their effect, modification of physiological processes occur

Abstract Weed management has been one of the major components of carrot production where the critical period of weed competition is longer as the development of a carrot canopy is very slow. Thus, hand weedings must be applied to control weeds. In this context, use of residual herbicides assumes greater significance in this important root vegetable. The field efficacy of fluorochloridone, a residual

Abstract Diamondback moth is one of the destructive insect pests of brassicaceous vegetable crops worldwide with increased insecticide resistance. Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely-used organophosphate insecticides to control various pests including P. xylostella. The insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella can be best managed by perceiving CPF resistance inheritance. We designed this experiment

Abstract Sustainable weed management strategies are important for reducing chemical inputs and development of weed resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extracts from winter cover crops (cereal rye, black oat, forage turnip, and common vetch) and summer cover crops (jack bean, velvet bean, and brown hemp) on seed germination and seedling growth of glossy nightshade (Solanum americanum

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is a ruinous insect pest, native to tropical and subtropical regions of western hemisphere. It has recently invaded Indian subcontinent during 2018, causing severe damage to crops of several genera of many plant families. The incidence of FAW infestation ranged from 12% to 74%, indicating its establishment in central India where it poses an immediate

Abstract The contact insecticidal activity of in natura and maltodextrin/Angum gum nanoencapsulated essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Zataria multiflora Bioss was evaluated against the third instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The essential oil from E. globulus exhibited an average yield of 1.19%, and presented 1,8-cineol (59.08%) as the major component, while

Abstract This study examined the use of crop health advices that farmers received at village-based plant clinics and their determinants in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 210 randomly selected plant clinic users from three districts of Ethiopia, and analysed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model. Plant clinic users were smallholders with an average landholding of 0

Abstract Maize is one of the most important crops in the world, particularly in Mexico where it was domesticated and is central to traditional cultures. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]), is a major pest that can greatly reduce production of this crop. Climate change also threatens maize production, as projections estimate an increase of fall armyworm outbreaks. For these reasons

Abstract Plants produce arrays of secondary metabolites that act synergistically to deter and/or intoxicate herbivores. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of piperine and β-asarone, individually and in binary mixtures, to examine their synergistic effects against larvae of two generalist herbivores, Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata. Acute toxicity of piperine after topical application

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate integrated pest management (IPM) practices among hop growers in relation to downy mildew. Forty-eight hop samples, originating from the Saaz hop growing region (Czech Republic) and harvested in 2018 and 2019 seasons, were analyzed using HPLC-HR-MS/MS and AAS methods. Of all the samples analyzed, residues of Ametoctradin, Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, Dimethomorph

Abstract The toxic and developmental properties of the three essential oils isolated from Artemisia monosperma, Origanum vulgare and Schinus molle were evaluated against Culex pipiens. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that capillene (36.86%), d-pulegone (77.45%) and α-phellandrene (29.78%) were the most dominant compounds in A. monosperma, O. vulgare and S. molle, respectively

Abstract The control of rodent pests with novel rodenticides is an important strategy subsequently they are cost-effective in reduction of agriculture damage in the urban environment. The current field study was conducted to test the efficiency of newly formulated baits of zinc phosphide (2%) and brodifacoum (0.005%) in combination and alone mixed with additives for the control of field rats prevailing

Abstract This study quantified crop losses and economic impacts associated with papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) infestation in Kenya and identified the most important predictors of papaya tree (Carica papaya L.) yield losses through a household survey of 404 farmers. At least 95% male and 88% female respondents correctly identified papaya mealybug. Papaya was the most affected crop by the pest

Abstract African maize stem borer, Busseola fusca is an important pest of maize in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the relationship between B. fusca population density and yield losses in maize. Twenty four maize farms were visited in 12 localities of southern Ethiopia at three growth stages of maize during 2015 and 2016. Data were collected on percent of infestation, number of larvae and

Abstract With the aim to establish a novel nano-formulation with a high nematocidal activity and safety for human as well as the ecosystem, in this work, lipid based nanoemulsions (LNs) co-encapsulating chili oil, cinnamon oil and neem oil (NaTri) was prepared by a combined method of homogenization and sonication. The mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential of the prepared NaTri

Abstract Being one of the most disastrous pierce-sucking pests of tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze], tea green leafhopper (Empoasca onukii Matsuda) greatly affects tea yield and quality. In this paper, correlations among leaf structure, biochemical components and tea green leafhopper occurrence in tea cultivars with larger planting area were deeply analyzed, aiming to find the key factor

Abstract Effective broad-spectrum herbicides are needed to address the issues of herbicide resistance and weed shifts in common cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in West Bengal, India to compare the performance of three post-emergence herbicides (bispyribac-sodium; fenoxaprop-p-ethyl; penoxsulam) in monsoon rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their residual effects on succeeding

Abstract This study evaluates the economic potential for Area Wide Management (AWM) of the Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) through three case studies across endemic and Pest-Free Areas (PFA) in south-east Australia. The cost of Qfly needs to be identified before the potential benefit of AWM and SIT can be evaluated. We use results from grower workshops and expert

After the vkorc1 gene was first identified, changes occurring in the gene have been considered one of the main reasons of reduced susceptibility of house mice to anticoagulants. A no-choice feeding test was conducted according to standard EPPO (2004) methodology. Animals were fed for 21 days on baits containing difenacoum 0.005%. All animals were bromadiolone-resistant. Seven months earlier, all test

Abstract Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), populations exhibit varying levels of resistance to several insecticide classes, including pyrethroids. Artificial laboratory selection was conducted to investigate mechanisms underlying fenpropathrin resistance. After ten generations of selection, the LC50 for fenpropathrin increased from 0.18 to 11.60 ng/μL, and the associated

Abstract Tagetes patula intercropping with carrot and cauliflower was investigated for pest control and carotenoid production. The monocropped vegetables uncovered and covered with non-woven fleece served as controls. The yield of T. patula flowers and carotenoids was not affected by the intercropping. The intercropping significantly reduced the frequency of forked carrots and increased cauliflower

Abstract Cherimoya is native to southern Ecuador, where it occurs in secondary forests with a high pest incidence, mainly fruit flies. In this research, five McPhail traps baited with Süsbin® 10% were installed in four cherimoya forest, from December 2017 to April 2018, and fruits were collected during the fruition phase to extract the larvae. A total of 1083 Tephritidae individuals and 3613 pupae

Abstract Mistletoes are parasitic flowering plants that attack plants like cocoa and kill branches distal to point of attachment. Consequently, cocoa farmers incorporate trees to provide shade to limit germination and establishment of Tapinanthus bangwensis mistletoe species, but without success. This study was conducted in South-Western Ghana to identify causal factors of mistletoe infestation using

Abstract Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a serious insect pest of citrus worldwide due to the capacity to transmit causal agent of the huanglongbing. Mineral oils are recommended in the integrated pest management programs to prevent resistance development. The primary objective of this study was to determine emergence inhibition and antifeedant effect of three mineral oils with similar n-paraffin carbon

Abstract Dandelion anthodium (n=100) containing parachutes/seeds were collected from environmental locations and the number of bacteria enumerated, the bacterial flora identified and the total antimicrobial resistance (intrinsic + acquired) characterised. Mean microbiological counts per dandelion head were 3.72 × 10 exp 6. Certain bacteria present at each location were totally resistant to several

Abstract Farmers' knowledge of major insect pests and their occurrence in cocoa plantations in Ghana as well as common practices of farmers to control these pests were assessed. It was found that 52%, 41%, and 74% of the respondents could not recognize mirid bug (Sahlbergella singularis), stink bug (Bathycoelia thalassina), and coreid bug (Pseudotheraptus devastans), respectively, when they saw these

Abstract Fimbristylis miliacea is becoming a major rice weed in South and Southeast Asia. An understanding of how this weed species competes with rice and how to manage this weed under multiple resource limitations the development of cultural methods is important. Therefore, a study was conducted in greenhouse to determine the effect of varying rice seeding densities (0, 8, and 32 plants pot−1), nitrogen

Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the increasing concerns in rice causing severe economic losses worldwide. Chemical control measures are already in practice for the manag...

Abstract Long-term mass rearing of parasitoids under laboratory conditions may affect their quality. We studied the quality of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared for more than 20 generations (G) using two-sex life table parameters. We found that G2 had the longest pre-adult development time (12.4 d) and the highest fecundity (1304.00 eggs/female) compared with the other generations

Essential oils are composed of volatile components, and rapidly evaporate. It is desirable to formulate them in a cover protecting the essential oils against environmental conditions. Applying nano...

A new delivery system was applied to control P. operculella based on interpolation of Lippia citriodora essential oil into PVA-nanofiber using electrospinning technique. Based on GC-MS results, ger...

Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a major constraint for seed potato production in India. For its efficient management, the within-plant distribution of B. tabaci was explored, and a sequent...

Predatory mites may occur in the agricultural areas naturally or be released intentionally to control target pests. However, the side effect of chemical pesticides on beneficial mites threatens the...

The transgenic soybean expressing the cry1Ac insecticidal gene of the Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium has been widely adopted in agriculture. This bacterium acts as an efficient control agent of p...

We utilized data from cereal, legume, and vegetable growers in Kenya and Uganda to assess their knowledge and management practices of common pests and willingness to pay (WTP) for biopesticides. Th...

Arhopalus rusticus rusticus and Arhopalus syriacus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are exotic forestry pests that coexist in Cordoba (Argentina). To contribute to forest management strategies, we examin...