Abstract The aim of this study was to determine control parameters of the pneumomechanical peeling machine for grain crops by changing the angular rotational speeds of its main working bodies, a blade disk (rotor) and a deck, to provide optimal dehulling conditions (removing films (outer shells) from the grain. Based on the model representation of the air flow, changes in the magnitude and direction

Abstract The paper summarizes a 3-year study of the total accumulation of phenolic compounds (PC), which represent the most important group of alcohol- and water-soluble antioxidants, in seeds and vegetative organs of vegetable soybean. The study was carried out using a Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. Oil-bearing and vegetable soybean samples were grown in a greenhouse and on the experimental

Abstract The goal of this study was a molecular genetic passportization of the initial breeding material of sugar beet (male sterile lines, synanthous pollinators, and their hybrids). The following SSR primers were used: Unigene 24 552, Unigene 2305, Unigene 17 623, Unigene 14 805, and Unigene 62 524. The length range of the obtained DNA fragments varied within 100–3000 bp, and up to 11 polymorphic

Abstract The aim of the research was to compare the effectiveness of the differentiated and uniform application of herbicides on winter wheat crops in the northwest region of the Russian Federation. According to the research results, a stable positive correlation was found in the stemming phase of winter wheat between the NDVI vegetation index and the projective cover (r = 0.32–0.61, p ≤ 0.05) but

Abstract An inactivated vaccine based on the Sal. abortus equi BN-12 strain with the Bac. subtilis TNP-3 strain filtrate used as immunomodulator has been developed in order to prevent salmonella-induced equine abortion. Preclinical and clinical trials with the white mice and the horses, respectively, are carried out. The lack of toxicity is proven. The vaccine immunogenicity for mouse and mare models

Abstract A universal technology for obtaining virus-containing raw material used in the manufacture of vaccine preparations against plague in small ruminants, sheep pox, goat pox, bluetongue disease, and orf (contagious pustular dermatitis) of cattle has been described. The epizootic situation in the Russian Federation and neighboring countries in respect to these diseases, which pose the greatest

Abstract Results of studying the correlation dependence and ecological variability of grain quality features of 18 varieties of winter rye grown in 2014–2019 in a wide range of the weather factors are presented. The following features were studied: the water extract viscosity (WEV), the falling number (FN), the amilogram height (AH), shape stability of hearth bread (H/D), starch gelatinization temperature

Abstract There is currently a lack of capacity in the Russian nursery-garden, as a result of which a significant part of the planting material comes from abroad. Drip irrigation is one of the types of resource-saving technologies that can intensify agricultural production, including in the field of growing planting stock for gardening. The goal of the work was to study the effect of drip irrigation

Abstract Niche competition and minerals mobilization control different weed species distribution in cultivated crop fields. A study on standing mustard crop fields for consecutive three years in three blocks of Hooghly district of the Ganga delta, viz. Arambag, Balagarh, and Dhaniyakhali in West Bengal represented a quantitative estimation of weed diversity controlling the available nutrient conditions

Abstract Physiological tolerance to saline conditions was investigated in eight salt-tolerant, one salt-sensitive genotypes, and in one commercial tomato cultivar. The physiological parameters, leaf water potential, and osmotic potential, leaf temperature, stomatal conductivity, chlorophyll-SPAD reading, and leaf membrane injury were studied. The relationships of these parameters with each other were

Abstract The natural red pigment compound of tomato is lycopene which is responsible for red pigment in some fruits and vegetables. We have determined the lycopene concentration from the measured absorbance in fresh tomatoes with and without peel with different concentrations using spectrophotometric method. The measured lycopene contents vary from 3 to 33.5 mg/kg for spectral range of 444 to 560 nm

Abstract Farming horses of indigenous breeds adapted to extreme natural environments is the only effective way to use the vast areas of lands unsuitable for farming animals of the other species. Horse farming is a traditional industry in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) that remains a substantial potential for meat production improvement. Under extreme environmental conditions, genetic variations caused

Abstract The introgression lines of spring bread wheat L679 and L299, which are resistant to the leaf rust pathogen, were analyzed. These lines were obtained as a result of interspecific hybridization of the spring bread wheat cultivar Dobrynya and the durum wheat cultivar Zolotaya volna. The effectiveness of the resistances of L679 and L299 were evaluated against the Saratov population of the pathogen

Abstract The objective of the study was to analyze the efficiency of selection of the maternal breed pigs based on their scores for the indices of complex traits. Databases of phenotypes in the Large White pigs (n = 23 753) for reproductive performance (farrowing performance) and meat and fattening productivity in progeny (n = 34 866) produced from the livestock population at OOO Selection and Hybrid

Abstract The plant biomass (postharvest and crop residues, green manure crops, etc.) actively used in Siberian agriculture partly contributes to the replenishment of mineral nutrients needed to sustain field crop yields and to maintain soil fertility. A comparative assessment of kinetic parameters for mineralization of manure, green manure crops (sweet clover, oilseed rape, and winter rye), and straw

Abstract Activity of digestive enzymes and certain biochemical parameters in the native and freeze-dried duodenal digesta and freeze-dried ileal digesta were studied in a chronic experiment in broiler chicks with chronic duodenal or ileal fistulae fed with various calcium doses. The results show that the amylase activity after freeze-drying in the control group increases 5.7-fold, the lipase activity

Abstract The studies were carried out at the Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Northeast during the period from 2013 to 2017 and in 2019. Model experiments tested seventeen chemical and biological preparations for the ability to limit the germination of sclerotia of the fungus Claviceps purpurea Fr. Tul. The dynamics of growth of mycelium of the fungus Spacelia segetum Lev. have been studied

Abstract Fiber flax varieties should be well adapted to the climatic conditions of the region and resistant to lodging, diseases, and other stress factors. The results of studying the collection varieties of fiber flax of different ecological and geographical origin in the soil and climatic conditions of Kirov oblast (Falenki Breeding Station, branch of the FASC of the Northeast) are presented. The

Abstract It is shown that sewage sludge formed during sewage treatment contains a significant amount of organic matter, nitrogen, and ash elements, which can be used by plants. The paper presents the results of a 3‑year microplot experiment on sod-podzolic soil to determine the effect of sewage sludge added together with sawdust, peat, and straw at different ratios (the total rate was 60 t/ha). The

Abstract A comparative analysis of population-genetic structures of three indigenous sheep breeds (Kalmyk, Edilbay, and Karachay breeds) and closely related wild species of the European Mouflon has been performed with polylocus genotyping at the highly polymorphic fragments of genomic DNA flanked by inverted repeats of microsatellite loci and a long terminal repeat region of endogenous retrovirus BERV-K1

AbstractOne of the promising directions in modern pharmacology is the creation of biologically active drugs based on substances of natural origin. Of particular interest in this regard are peptides of fish skin mucus. The aim of the work was to purify and isolate the protein fractions—thromboplastin (clotting factor III, tissue factor, TF) and prothromboplastin (clotting factor XI, F11) from fish skin

AbstractOne of the promising areas for the potato business and a potential for increasing its overall profitability is industrial processing. As a result of it, consumers are offered semifinished or ready-to-eat products. The purpose of this work, which was carried out in 2017–2019 at the Kurakhsky mountain test site, was to investigate the productivity and quality indicators of potato cultivars and

AbstractThe results of studying piglets' cellular immunity in the postnatal period in an industrial pig-farming system have been reported. It is ascertained that the cellular immunity in piglets before colostrum intake is characterized by leukocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, T- and B-lymphocyte deficiencies and high ratios of theophylline-resistant (T-helpers) to theophylline-sensitive (T-suppressors)

AbstractComparative evaluation of three different methods for assessing stallion sperm-membrane integrity, including the eosin staining technique, the fluorochrome staining (SYBR-14 + PI) method, and the hypo-osmotic test, has been made in order to reveal the most efficient method of measurement for this item. The stallion sperm showed high coefficients of correlation between sperm motility and intact

AbstractThe optimum model of a spring triticale cultivar adapted for the soil and climatic conditions of the Far East has been developed. A comparative study of the basic structural components of productivity, the most important economically valuable traits, and grain quality has been carried out using collection and standard cultivars of this crop as well as the standard cultivars of spring triticale

AbstractWeather factors usually favor the development of loose smut and crown rust in the northeast of the European part of the Russian Federation. During the growing season of 2017–2019, precipitation and heat resources widely varied that affected the development of these diseases under natural conditions. The aim of the work was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using artificial infectious backgrounds

AbstractThe effect of prolonged use of increasing doses of NPK on the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium forms available to plants in the fallow field of crop rotation and the change in these parameters during the growing season of winter rye was investigated. It was established that the content of labile phosphorus (148–540 mg/kg) and exchangeable potassium (138–403 mg/kg), depending

AbstractThe results of research on the influence of biologics based on rhizosphere microorganisms on the yield of spring wheat grain on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil are presented. It was found that inoculation of spring wheat seeds with biologics provides an increase in grain yield by 1.2–1.3 times, while nitrogen fertilizer at doses of N45 and N90 provide

AbstractThe objective of the survey is to assess the regional variation in climate change and the associated level of animals' susceptibility to heat-stress. The air temperature and humidity datasets measured for 1996–2015 at meteorological station nos. 27 595, 28 506, and 28 704 in the Republic of Tatarstan are used. The temperature-humidity index (THI) is estimated according to J. West (1994). The

AbstractStudies have been conducted on the effectiveness of using feed containing 5, 10, 12.5, and 15% rapeseed cake on broiler chickens of the Habbard F-15 cross. The aim of this work was to establish the efficiency of feed with different levels of cake derived from the Podmoskovny variety of spring rapeseed of a new generation bred by the Williams Federal Scientific Center for Fodder Production and

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to provide a brief summary of the rice pests and their natural enemies in some major rice-growing countries in Asia. Rice is a major crop in Asia that is infested by a broad array of pests. The results of this study showed that lepidopteran species were the main rice pests in these Asian countries, but hemipteran and homopteran species were also problematic

AbstractA survey was performed to find out the methods for improving the Holtenized Simmental cattle through selective breeding with Montbeliarde bulls. The objective of the survey was to identify the behavior patterns for the key positions, including growth, development, conformation, and reproductive performance, in the heifers of two genotypes. The differences in the social behavior of heifers kept

AbstractCreating tetraploid rice is a promising field in increasing crop yields. There are currently no commercial rice varieties due to poor panicle grazing, which is caused by low pollen fertility. It is stated in the scientific literature that tetraploid plants are obtained in vitro androgenesis as an additional starting material. The aim of the study was to study the characteristics of callus in

AbstractThe use of data mining in agricultural production is gaining popularity. The results of the implementation of machine learning methods, namely, decision tree, support vector machine and the K-nearest neighbor for solving the problem of wheat seeds classification by yield properties, using bioelectric indicators of seeds are for the first time presented in the work. The effectiveness of the

AbstractEvaluation of winter wheat cultivars has been carried out in relation to their crop capacity, ecological stability, and plasticity under conditions of the light grey forest soils of the Nizhny Novgorod oblast. In 2012–2016, the crop capacity of the cultivars included into the study was 53.0 centner/hectare on average (V = 23.3%) varying from 16.3 to 89.2 centner/ha; the year-to-year and cultivar-to-cultivar

AbstractA new plant growth stimulant was developed according to the technology engineered by the scientists of ITMO and SPBGAU Universities. The biological effectiveness of the preparation was assessed by measuring 20 wheat productivity parameters and 16 parameters of various types of pathogenesis formed during the progress of root rot caused by Helminthosporium, different types of rust, powdery mildew

AbstractIn this study, 10 mg L–1 L-tryptophan effects on the seedling growth (fresh weight, radicle length and radicle number), seed germination, chromosomal aberrations and mitotic activity in Allium cepa L. germinated in salinity (0.175 M NaCl) conditions were investigated. In only L-tryptophan medium, the radicle length and radicle number of the seedlings were partially reduced compared to the control

AbstractThe paper gives a snapshot of primary trends in improving the chemical method of plant protection, including the development and advancement in such a promising group of preparations as insecto-fungicides. The goal of the work is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the assortment of insecto-fungicides included in the Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian

AbstractA study into the preparation and grinding of a grain mixture containing 7% flax seeds was carried out in order to obtain a composite wheat-flax flour in which the entire biopotential of flax seeds was preserved. It was revealed that the preparation of the components of the grain mixture should be carried out independently, in parallel flows. The optimal extraction conditions for the wheat-flax

AbstractThe problems of increasing soybean production in Russia’s Amur oblast through the optimization of the structure of sown areas, enhancement of the material and technical basis, restoration of soil fertility, and the use of other techniques are considered. The obtained data on the chemical composition and nutrient value of the noncereal part of the soybean yield confirm the high fodder advantages

Abstract—The purpose of this study was to experimentally assess the effectiveness of using electrolyzed water to suppress the activity and contain the spread of phytopathogens when growing tomato seedlings during the off-season. The object of research was artificially cultivated phytocenoses of tomato seedlings. Qualitative and quantitative laws characterizing the dependence of phytopathogenic microflora

Abstract—The content of crude protein in leaves and seeds of vegetable soybean, an important legume crop used in a functional and healthy nutrition, has been evaluated by a spectrophotometric analysis. Breeding forms of soybean were grown on an experimental field and in a greenhouse of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow oblast). In this 3-year work, the crude protein accumulation in seeds

AbstractThe kinetics of meiotic chromatin modifications and the function of lipidome in the oocytes that have completed their in vivo or in vitro growth phase after a prolonged culture period have been analyzed in order to improve the efficiency of a technology for extracorporeal maturation of porcine donor-derived oocytes. It is revealed that a prolonged period (up to 50 h) of culturing in the Sage

AbstractWe studied the effect of the Gumi-Omi-Phosphorus organic fertilizer and the superphosphate mineral fertilizer on the biomass of roots and the formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza. The mass of roots was shown to increase in all studied plants in case of using fertilizers (Pisum sativum L., Avena sativa L., Triticum aestivum L.). The intensity of colonization decreased when superphosphate was introduced

AbstractSeeds of a number of flowering plant species quickly mucilage after moistening, which indicates certain adaptive advantages of this trait in conditions of natural selection. Seed mucus can enter into various reactions with soil, including pathogenic mycoflora. The aim of the investigation was to establish the response of fungicidal activity of seed mucus in relation to soil fungal pathogens

AbstractMolecular genetics methods allow for identifying markers of desirable economically useful traits of farm animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genetic similarity of parents and offspring on milk production of daughter cows. The study was carried out employing 630 pairs of black-motley cattle. Animals were tested for 11 microsatellite loci. As a result of the studies

Abstract—The objectives of the work are to study the relationship between the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as temperature, in Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb and the main external environmental factors and determine the optimal and limiting growth conditions for this species in the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea (May–September). Similar studies have not yet been carried out

Abstract—The results of the studies on the evaluation of changes in the hormonal and cytokine status of black-and-white Holstein cows (n = 25) during the period of embryogenesis at the physiological formation of pregnancy, intrauterine growth retardation, and embryonic demise are presented. The levels of progesterone, cortisol, interleukin IL-2, tumor necrosis factor TNFα, interferon-γ, and interferon-tau

AbstractTwo years consecutive field experiments were conducted at Agriculture Research Institute Mingora Swat, Pakistan in summer seasons of 2016 (year 1) and 2017 (year two) on soybean (cv. Malakand-96) crop. The design was used randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental treatments were used, peach residues (leaves and fruits having no stones (partially decomposed)

Abstract—The aim of this study was investigated the effect of N-fixing and variable organic matter on some of the chemical properties of vermicompost. Treatments included factorial of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in four levels (no inoculation with bacteria, inoculate with Azotobacter, commercial Nitroxin and commercial Nitrokara), and the effects of various substrates in three levels (cow manure, straw

Abstract—Blood group surveys in the Holstein cattle bred reared in the Far East Federal okrug have been carried out. The antigen composition of blood groups among 6009 animals of four populations in Khabarovsk krai, Primorsky krai, Sakhalin oblast, and Amur oblast was determined. The analysis of distribution of the antigen-specific factors was performed. It has revealed both the high frequencies of

Abstract—The possibility of using the created and improved equations of multiple, nonlinear regression, reflecting the dependence between the content of raw gluten, protein content, and the 1000-grain weight, to forecast the content of raw gluten in wheat grain is discussed. The algorithm and the results of testing the predictive capabilities of equations using independent data are presented. A data

AbstractThe model was used to simulate tomato green canopy (CC), soil water (SWC) and final yield under deficit irrigation regimes as 1.25, 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 percentages of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The model was calibrated by used an experimental data and fine-tune to some conservative crop parameters. The NRMSEs in simulated CC and SWC in different treatments were 4.1–19.6 and 6.3–14.1%, respectively

Abstract—Unused lands in northwest Russia are quickly overgrown by wood and shrub vegetation (WSV). Their effective development for forage is associated with the search for optimal safe solutions both for processing of this vegetation and for restoring fertility of sod-podzolic soils. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of new technological options for fertility restoration of sod-podzolic

Abstract—The adaptability and stability in productivity of nine cultivars and lines of covered oats were studied in parallel competitive tests in two ecological points of the Kirov region (Kirov city and settlement Falenki) for their perspective use in production. The index of environment conditions (I) changed in 2018 from a negative indicator in Kirov (–10.50) to a positive one (3.86) in Falenki

AbstractDuring five rotations of a ten-field crop rotation in a stationary field experiment, the influence of annual application of fertilizers on productivity and quality of sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) was studied. The dynamics of the nutrient regime in the soil layers of 0–25 and 25–40 cm during the vegetation period was studied. It is shown that the optimal dose of fertilizers for the

AbstractAssociations of weed populations in crop rotations of the agrophytocoenosis of spring wheat have been assessed for two different land treatment techniques (ploughing or notill) and two mineral nutrition backgrounds. The purpose of the study was to reveal differences in weed successions of the studied agrophytocoenosis in the northern forest-steppe zone of Chelyabinsk oblast in relation to the

AbstractThe age-related carcass-morphology and composition changes and the growth and development patterns of the axial and peripheral skeleton systems and the bones composing them in the Simmental and crossbred young beef bulls have been studied. In order to carry out the survey, the young bulls were divided into three groups of 15 animals each. The first (control) group included the purebred Simmental

AbstractThe dynamics of the cleaning capacity of agricultural fields irrigated with wastewater from a gas-processing plant is studied. It is shown that 5–7 irrigations at a rate of 480 m3/ha annually bring 2.98–4.17 t/ha of pollutants into the soil, and these pollutants are retained in the soils of the aeration zone and contribute to their salinization and alkalinization and, as a consequence, lead

Abstract—Meat productivity and meat quality are determined by both paratypical and genetic factors. In this regard, investigating the genetic material for the presence of desirable allele combinations of genes associated with growth and development traits, as well as meat qualities of animals, has scientific and practical significance. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between