Raphanus sativus L. (radish) and R. raphanistrum L. (wild radish) are troublesome agricultural weeds in several areas worldwide, with ALS inhibitor herbicide‐resistant populations. Information on the mechanisms of resistance is important for management and developing novel solutions to control resistant populations. The objective of this work was to determine the ALS resistance mechanisms in resistant

The reduction of sugarcane interrow spacing has the potential to increase crop yield, but research results concerning sugarcane cultivation in Brazil and worldwide remain inconclusive. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the influence of interrow spacing on the stalk fresh yield (SFY) of sugarcane and to identify the most appropriate interrow spacing in different climates and water

Agroforestry is a common traditional practice in southern Xinjiang, northwest China. However, intercropping productivity has failed to meet expectations in many agroforestry systems as tree aged. Therefore, this study invested why this occurred. We chose walnut tree‐based agroforestry systems to investigate the influence of walnut tree shade intensity on the grain yield and quality of intercropped

Artificial wetlands are now constructed to be used for waste water treatment, water quality improvement of reservoirs and landscape reintegration purposes. The removal and degradation of enriched nutrients and pollutants from them are efficiently done by the activity of wetland plants. Most study are focused on the purification capacity, the identification and classification of these species are lacking

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is a major fungal disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) that causes severe yield losses. Nutrient management is crucial for protecting crops against SSR. Two‐yr field trials combined four levels of N application (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha−1) and four levels of K application (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1 K2O) to investigate their interaction effects on SSR disease incidence

Despite widespread adoption of dicamba/glyphosate‐resistant (DGR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Nebraska and across the United States in recent years, economic information comparing herbicide programs with glufosinate‐resistant (GLU‐R) and conventional soybean is not available. The objectives of this study were to evaluate weed control efficacy, crop safety, gross profit margin, and benefit/cost

Continuous, season‐long (May–August) grazing is the most commonly used grazing strategy among tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] belt beef (Bos taurus) producers. However, little information is available regarding the feasibility of managing native warm‐season grass (NWSG) pastures in this region with continuous, season‐long grazing. We compared stand sustainability, beef cattle performance

The European Turfgrass Society's (ETS) 7th Research Conference was scheduled to be held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from 29 June to 1 July 2020. The meeting was intended to follow past conferences held in Italy (2008), France (2010), Norway (2012), Germany (2014), Portugal (2016), and United Kingdom (2018). The theme of this year's conference, “Turf Solutions for the Future”, was selected to highlight

In [1], the grant number provided by the author in funding information was incorrect. The correct funding information is: National Key Research and Development Program of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 2018YFD0301203, 2017YFD0301705.

In [1], the scientific name for groundnut provided in the abstract was incorrect. The correct scientific name is Arachis hypogea L. We apologize for this error.

Spring‐seeded annual forages are well adapted to the Great Plains; however, the influence of application rate and method of nitrogen (N) fertilization on winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) forage productivity is unknown. A field study was conducted in a factorial design for three years to determine the influence of N application rate and method on water and N productivity of awnletted WW ‘Willow

The multiple cropping systems (MCS) have been crucial for China's food security due to its limited arable land and the increased population for hundreds of years. Global warming has significantly affected MCS in China during recent decades. However, whether global warming has influenced the MCS in China under technical improvement is still uncertain and has received great attention. Thus, the current

Soil water infiltration is an inherent characteristic of soil but its capability varies according to soil types. In this study, Soil water infiltration of five subalpine shrub species’ Salix gilashanica C. Wang & P.Y. Fu, Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir., Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb., Berberis diaphana Maxim. and Caragana angelica Maxim. ex Kom. from Xishui Forest Zone of Qilian Mountain was tested

Legume crop rotational effects are usually studied in only the first subsequent nonlegume crop even though several consecutive crops usually follow a legume. We studied the effects of field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), faba bean green manure (faba GM), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), on soil microbial biomass carbon

Athletic fields often use sand‐based rootzones for improved drainage. Sand‐based rootzones may have stability issues if turfgrass is not fully established. Our objective was to use organic amendments to improve the stability of sand‐based fields during the turfgrass establishment period and avoid overuse of inorganic materials, which have negative effects. Coconut coir, peat or wheat straw at 1% organic

Aeolian sandy soil, common in Mu Us, China has poor structure and water holding capacity. The soft montmorillonite clay stone was used to adjust the structure and characteristics of sand soil. In this study, the soft montmorillonite clay stone was mixed with sand in the volume ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5. Soil texture, organic matter content (OMC), and effects on crop yield from 2010–2018 were determined

The non‐flooding plastic film‐mulching cultivation (NFMC) is an important water‐saving rice (Oryza sativa L.) production technique for mountainous areas. Several studies indicated that this promising production system had positive effects on rice growth compared with the traditional flooding method. However, two obvious disadvantages need to be modified for its wider application: technical difficulties

Polyethylene (PE) film mulching (PM) contributes to the increase of crop yields and farmer incomes at the expense of environment. We performed a 2‐yr field experiment to evaluate the possibility of replacement of PM with poly(butylene‐adipate‐co‐terephthalate)‐based biodegradable film mulching (BM) for winter potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the south of China. Both PM and BM treatments showed higher

Soil acidification is an important cause of declining crop yields in many countries, including Canada and the United States. Meanwhile, alkaline by‐products from forest resources are widely available but underused in agriculture despite their expected benefits on soil pH and fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the effects, throughout a 40‐wk laboratory incubation, of six different forest‐derived

The in vitro regeneration frequency was commonly low, and the quality of adventitious buds was poor, when the traditional methods were used to induce adventitious buds from leaf explants of Jatropha curcas L. through the medium containing low concentration of thidiazuron (TDZ). When treated with high concentrations (6.5–104 mg/L) of TDZ for a certain time (7–120 min), the regeneration frequency and

To better understand the effect of forest succession on biomass sequestration, we investigated biomass stock and allocation of evergreen broadleaf forest, a major zonal forest type in subtropical China. To analyze the biomass patterns and dynamics with forest succession, three forest types, pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) forest (PF), pine and broadleaf mixed forest (MF) and evergreen broadleaf forest

Drill‐interseeding, broadcast‐interseeding, and post‐harvest drilling for establishment of overwintering cover crops after no‐till corn (Zea mays L.) each present distinct challenges and benefits. Experiments were conducted at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (Beltsville, MD) across three growing seasons (2013–2014, 2014–2015, 2015–2016) to evaluate the relative performance of these three

Herbicide control options for bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers or C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] include non‐selective herbicides such as glyphosate (N‐[phosphonomethyl] glycine), as well as selective graminicides such as fenoxaprop (Fenoxaprop‐P‐ethy) and fluazifop (Fluazifop‐P‐butyl). Regardless of the herbicide used, effective bermudagrass control can only be achieved with repeated

Silvopastoral systems (SPS) can increase overall productivity and long‐term income due to the simultaneous production of trees, forage, and livestock. This 2‐yr study evaluated animal performance and herbage responses in C4‐grass monoculture or in SPS in the sub‐humid tropical region of Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments were: Urochloa

This study determined the resistance to five different insecticides, and assessed the change in enzymes in three Myzus persicae populations in Liuyang, Guiyang, and Longshan tobacco‐growing areas in Hunan province, China. The activities of the detoxification, protective, and digestive enzymes were determined using biochemical analysis. Results indicated that the Liuyang population had high resistance

Production of carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) as a winter crop in the Southeast United States presents a unique opportunity for growers to produce significant amounts of biofuel feedstock to meet domestic energy needs. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of N application rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha−1) and split management (single, two‐way split, or three‐way split of

Use of agricultural equipment on corn (Zea mays L.) fields can contribute to soil compaction, especially on headland (HL) areas where wheel traffic is more intense than on non‐headland (NHL) areas. Better decisions about HL management (investment to improve production potential, discontinue, or plant another crop) can be made when the HL contribution to field and farm yield is known. We quantified

Unremitted soil degradation due to increasing synthetic chemical fertilizers application and declining soil organic matter content necessitated a long‐term eco‐friendly nutrient management strategy for sustained agricultural production, improved soil health and thereby enhancing environmental quality. Field experiments were conducted during 2013‐2015 under a long‐term organic and inorganic fertilization

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., known as common ragweed (CR), can reduce agricultural productivity, especially in cornfields. The spatiotemporal variation of the soil seed bank (SSB) of CR is important for understanding the growth potential and control options of this weed. In 2018, we measured SSB density and seed germination characteristics of CR on the margins of cornfields (18 cornfields, each is >1

Cereal crops have a high nitrogen requirement in a high‐yield environment. However, nitrogen use efficiency is still low in agricultural production systems and little is known about the effects of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in a high‐yield environment. A field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2018 with a maize–wheat rotation under a continuous no‐till in Southern Brazil. Seeds were

Long‐term applications of inorganic and organic fertilizers have great effects on soil characteristics and crop yields. However, it is limited to quantify the influence of long‐term fertilization on soil micro‐pore structure. In this study, we investigated the effect of long‐term fertilizer application on soil pore characteristics using X‐ray computed tomography. Loess soil cores were collected from

Extreme rainfall has significant impacts on human society and agricultural development, as well as severe effects on rice development. However, few studies have investigated the characteristics of extreme rainfall during different stages of rice growth period. Taking the South China region as a case study, the characteristics of extreme daily rainfall in the late rice growth period (July to November)

The reason for different maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids exhibiting differences in stalk lodging risk between the 12‐leaf (V12) and flowering stages is unclear. This study tracked internode development included morphology, carbohydrate accumulation, and mechanical strength of basal internodes in four widely‐planted maize hybrids in China for two consecutive growing seasons. And then used logistic model

Node‐by‐node boll mapping has been used to determine the effects of several environmental and management strategies, including irrigation rate and cultivar, on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) boll distribution. The advent of consumer 3D digital imaging may make rapid node‐by‐node mapping of greater acreage possible in the future. Effects of irrigation rate and cultivar on boll distribution were determined

The rapid expansion of commercial‐scale cellulosic industries raises the prospect of widespread crop residue harvest. However, the effects of integrated crop residue and tillage management strategies on agricultural sustainability are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of different integrated crop residue and tillage management strategies on crop productivity, economic profit,

Feral rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most troublesome winter annual grass weed species in semi‐arid winter wheat production systems across the Central Great Plains (CGP). Lack of effective herbicide options further complicates the selective control of feral rye in winter wheat. The main objectives of this research were: (1) determine the sensitivity response of 10 feral rye populations collected

Improving nitrogen use efficiency has great significance for agriculture sustainable development and reducing environmental pollution. The effects of magnesium fertilizer combined with straw return on yield, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize were investigated for two consecutive years. The treatments included JM3 (straw + magnesium fertilizer), JM0 (straw + no magnesium fertilizer)

Although humic acid has been demonstrated to improve the yield of some crops, the long‐term effects of continuous cropping on peanut remain largely undetermined. In the present study, we aimed to compare the continuous effects of different concentrations of humic acid on the continuously cropped peanut. A 3‐year experiment was conducted in the North China Plain. Treatments of 50 kg·ha−1 (T1), 100 kg·ha−1

Heterotic grouping based on the analyses of heterosis or combining ability and molecular diversity has not been consistent. The objectives of this study were to investigate the factors affecting heterotic grouping and the significance of the phenotypic and molecular data. We simulated grain yield and molecular data for nine populations, the nine selfed populations, the 36 interpopulation crosses, 225

Adoption of rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) is limited by slow establishment. Understanding the factors affecting RP biomass partitioning during the shoot emergence period may aid in developing management practices that enhance establishment. A growth chamber study was conducted to determine shoot emergence and overall growth responses of two RP entries (germplasm Ecoturf and ‘UF Tito’)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple food crop in Nigeria, but root yields hardly exceed 10 t ha−1. Intensification of small holders’ cassava production is key to improved food security and income generation. We tested, in two demonstration trials and 20 on‐farm trials, different intensification options: cassava growth type (erect and branching), fertilizer application (with and without)

Application of glyphosate (N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine)‐containing herbicides and tillage, alone or in combination, has been the standard for removing declining alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stands. With glyphosate no longer an option to control glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa, different termination strategies are needed. Field studies across four site‐years in Utah, USA evaluated the effect of tillage

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the third‐most cultivated field crop in the U.S. and a very important source of nutrition globally. The economic value of wheat motivates farmers to optimize yield and grain quality, which can be obtained with additional inputs that are often financially expensive. This study investigated three management intensity levels on grain yield, straw yield, grain test weight

Malting barley (Hordeum vulgare) requires precise nitrogen (N) fertilizer management to achieve a narrow range of grain protein content (∼9–10.5%) while maintaining yields, but practical tools to accomplish this are lacking. This study hypothesized that canopy reflectance (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) measured at tillering (Feekes 2–3) and expressed as a sufficiency index (SI), can

In view of the sparse, uneven distribution and poor data continuity of measured soil moisture sites in China and the lack of large‐scale research, the soil moisture data set of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) was applied to carry out spatial‐temporal variation analysis of soil moisture in five agricultural ecological zones in Northern China. The Pearson correlation coefficient

Rht14, was considered as a GA‐responsive dwarf gene in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.). The object of this paper is to understand the responsiveness of Rht14 after applying exogenous GA3 on important morphological and agronomic traits, and its potential application in wheat breeding. In this study, the F2:3 lines, F3:4 lines and F4:5 lines derived from the reciprocal crosses between the Castelporziano

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants grown in southwestern Japan are subjected to large variations in air temperature and solar radiation during the rainy season which can affect their growth. Therefore, in this study, a novel nitrogen (N) application method for topdressing was proposed to increase grain yield under different weather conditions. Field experiments were conducted to determine the grain yield

The activities of soil resident enzymes and fungal communities are critical for soil health and ecosystem functionality. However, their dynamics in response to variations in sowing techniques are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of wide‐ridge and narrow‐furrow (WR&NF), film‐mulching ridge (FMR), and conventional drilling (CD) practices on the activities of soil‐residing

To elucidate the influence of rape straw returning on soil reducibility and to understand its effects on rice growth and yield in rape‐rice rotation system, 3 years field experiment with 8 treatments of straw incorporation carried out at Mianyang Sichuan Province of China. Results showed that the lowest RCEh value founded at 14–18 d after rice planting; With the increasing of rape straw incorporation

Correctly quantifying elevated air temperature effects on crop yield through field experiments and crop modeling is essential for developing adaptation strategies under climate change. In this study, the effects of elevated air temperature on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production were investigated using a four‐year open top chamber experiment (2015–2018) in North Carolina, USA. The experimental

Dollar spot (caused by Clarireedia jacksonii) receives more fungicide applications than any other turfgrass disease. Increasing restrictions on fungicide usage and expanding reports of fungicide resistant fungal populations have resulted in renewed interest in biological and plant‐based control of turfgrass diseases. Six commercially available biological fungicides (Actinovate AG, Double Nickel LC

Broadly applicable management strategies to prepare turfgrasses for overwintering are lacking. This research aimed to investigate whether chemical priming in the field may improve the survival of the perennial form of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) after ice encasement. Annual bluegrass field plots were treated in the summer and fall of 2017 and 2018 with salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), trinexapac‐ethyl

Root morphology and production are important for soil nutrient acquisition and C sequestration, but these traits are poorly understood in the bioenergy crop elephantgrass [Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schum.]. Our objective was to characterize root traits of elephantgrass receiving different nutrient management practices in comparison with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) pasture grown in the southeastern

The illegal status of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) post‐World War II resulted in a lack of research on agricultural practices. However, there is a resurgence of interest in cannabis due to diverse uses such as a rich source of cellulosic/woody fiber and construction uses, seed oil, bioenergy and pharmaceutical properties. The principle of an integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS) is to enable adaptation

Multiple applications of N fertilizer on corn (Zea mays L.), with the last application as late as tasseling (VT) or early reproductive stages, is regarded as having potential to lower N requirements or to increase yields, or both. To test this, we conducted trials with N rates ranging from 0 to 280 kg N ha−1, applied at or near planting (early), or with 56 kg N ha−1 retained and dribbled near the row

Propamocarb hydrochloride is a systemic fungicide used against Pythium and Phytophthora as well as other diseases in tobacco. This study aimed to understand the response of tobacco to propamocarb hydrochloride treatment at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted on tobacco leaves treated with or without propamocarb hydrochloride to identify differentially

The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stock and to determine the optimal number of samples required for its determination, in a small karst basin. By taking the soil organic carbon stock in the Houzhai River Basin, calculated on the basis of a 150 m × 150 m grid sampling design as original data and selecting sample sets at five grid scales (300 m, 450

Cutting is a common practice for turfgrass culture and maintenance, and it may affect cadmium (Cd) uptake and enrichment due to the removal and regrowth of aboveground parts. The objective of this study was to determine how cutting frequency affects Cd form in the soil and its enrichment and distribution in clippings, stubble and roots. In this study, ‘K‐31’ tall fescue (Festuca elata L.) plants were

Understanding drought effects on vegetative health for crop producing locations, such as the Seferihisar‐Kavakdere region in western Turkey, is vital for water and crop management. This study utilized Landsat‐derived spectral vegetation indices, specifically Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI), to evaluate and compare their