Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a cool weather crop and one of the most important vegetables in the world, which is cultivated in temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates. Nearly all cultivated area in Brazil uses cultivars from temperate countries, resulting in lower performances particularly due to higher temperatures. The aim of this study was to identify clones that yielded better than foreign

High planting density of maize (Zea mays L.) changes the distribution of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the canopy and reduces the stalk quality, thus increasing the risk of lodging. The light distribution in the canopy can be changed by changing the row spacing between adjacent row, which in turn may affect lodging resistance. Two maize cultivars, Zhongdan 909 and Xinyu 41 were planted

Soil health indicators that link to ecosystem services, such as water and nutrient cycling, crop yield, environmental quality, and biodiversity, are needed. We measured 65 soil physical, chemical, and biological properties as potential soil health indicators from a 36‐yr‐old tillage and cropping system experiment and related these properties to crop yield in eastern Montana. Tillage and cropping systems

Crop growth depends on the cumulative temperature of the crop growing season, and growing degree days (GDD) is presently widely used as an index of the effective accumulated temperature. However, there are few reports on the relationship model between cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and GDD. Based on meteorological data and published document from the Xinjiang region in the past 12 yr, we used

Management constraints in reduced tillage organic vegetable production may be alleviated by combining strip tillage (ST) with overwintering cereal–legume cover crop mixtures. Field studies in Michigan and New York over 6 site‐years evaluated the effects of preceding cover crops, including cereal rye (R; Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (V; Vicia villosa Roth) and crimson clover (CC; Trifolium incarnatum)

Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses into pastures often increases forage accumulation. Yet, impacts on nutritive value and yields remain unreported. We analyzed forage collected from five Nebraska and Kansas experiments in 2015–2016 (eight environments) for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) concentrations and yields. Each experiment

Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) (PC) and winter camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] (WC) have the potential to provide ecosystem services and economic incentives when adopted as an oilseed cover crops in corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations. However, PC and WC establishment and yield in the northern Corn Belt and their subsequent impact on row crops are not well known

Tibetan hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. variety nudum Hook. f.) is widely grown on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, where it has served as a staple food for Tibetan people since the 5th century CE. Barley leaf stripe (BLS) is one of the most severe fungal diseases affecting the yield and quality of Tibetan hulless barley. Here, we compared the miRNA profiles before and after BLS in a BLS‐sensitive (‘Z1141’)

Approaches to restore productivity to eroded soils are urgently needed to sustain food security. We evaluated plant response to soil‐landscape rehabilitation, in which approximately 15 cm of topsoil was moved from depositional landscape positions to the eroded upper slope. Crop response was monitored for 6 yr of a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation at a severely eroded site

Climate change has exacerbated the need for grass varieties that are able to not only tolerate prolonged drought stress, but also to recover well post‐drought. The genetic basis of post‐drought recovery related traits and their association with drought tolerance has not yet been thoroughly investigated in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. syn. Lolium arundinaceum). Polycross‐derived half‐sib

This study examined Italian yields for wheat (Triticum spp.), maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) over the period 1870‐2018, in order to identify the periods when the most significant growth in yields occurred, compared to France, UK and USA.

With the recent focus of using coal combustion residue fly ash in mineral carbonation for carbon capture, an end product, carbonated coal fly ash is generated. The physicochemical changes occur in fly ash during carbonation is hypothesised to improve its soil application potential compared to original fly ash. Therefore, in the present study, we tested carbonated coal fly ash against non‐carbonated

The performance of genotypes in a wide range of environments can be affected by extensive genotype × environment (G × E) interactions, making the subdivision of the testing environments into relatively more homogeneous groups of locations (mega‐environments) a necessary strategy. The GGE biplot method allows identification of mega‐environments and selection of stable genotypes adapted to specific environments

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a valuable crop in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) that grows from fall to spring, then fields are typically fallowed through the summer. Adding grazeable cover crops to the fallow period could increase farm profitability. The objective was to determine eight different cover crops’ nutritive value and simulated stocker calf performance. Cover crops were established

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food legume. However, drought influences its entire growth and development process and can cause yield losses. The influence of drought stress is the most severe in the bud stage. The major objective of our study was to identify a series of loci involved in drought stress response in the bud stage using association analysis. In this study, 361 common

Plant available water content or matric potential, particle size (texture), aeration, and penetration resistance are soil physical properties that influence soil structure, bulk density, aggregation, and several metabolic plant processes. Collectively they influence productivity and sustainability of agricultural practices, primarily through their impact on root development and growth. To simplify

Soil moisture is a fundamental determinant of plant growth, but soil moisture measurements are rarely assimilated into grassland productivity models, in part because methods of incorporating such data into statistical and mechanistic yield models have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, our objectives were to (1) quantify statistical relationships between in situ soil moisture measurements

Crop rotations, cover crops, and manures may enhance yields, improve soils, and provide other ecosystem services. However, farmers may be reluctant to adopt the aforementioned practices because of uncertain profits. This study determined the profitability of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) rotated with other crops and also utilizing cover crops and poultry litter (PL). Whole‐block treatments were 10

In addition to providing food, farming systems provide ecosystem services such as flood control, water quality control, carbon storage, and waste treatment, as well as cultural services such as scenic beauty, education, recreation, and tourism. However, the value of these services may conceal large costs that have been ignored by scholars. In this study, our goals were to perform a more complete cost–benefit

Microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of allelochemicals from germinated wheat seeds was optimized by using response surface methodology. Under the optimal conditions (temperature 70°C, power 283W, liquid‐to‐solid ratio 17 mL/g and time 20.0 min), the inhibitory rate of allelochemicals on cucumber seeds germination was 64.21%±1.99%. Three main allelochemicals including p‐Hydroxybenzoic acid, 3‐metho

The use of controlled‐release urea (CRU) is recommended to improve crop productivity without compromising environmental quality, but the overall effects on cotton growth are not well studied. A meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and potential role of CRU in improving cotton productivity in China. The results indicated that CRU increased cotton yield by 9.8% and nitrogen (N) use

A novel rice‐crayfish (RC) farming model that originated in areas of waterlogged land in the Jianghan Plain has rapidly developed in rice planting areas in recent years. However, whether RC farming can be employed as an alternative sustainable agricultural modality in waterlogged areas remains highly controversial. To that end, we conducted household surveys in Qianjiang, Jianli, and Honghu in the

Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are essential nutrients for optimum plant growth. A commercial‐grade biosolid‐enriched ammonium sulfate (Bio/AMS) was evaluated and compared with a conventional, commercial‐grade ammonium sulfate (AMS) to investigate the release patterns of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in soils. The laboratory‐based studies included (1) characterization of fertilizer sources, (2) soil leaching

Dynamic, deterministic agricultural models, and current machine learning technologies based on sensor data, enable and support decision making for on‐farm management. However, their predictions are subject to various sources of uncertainty. Hybrid analytics that leverage both modelled and sensor data provide predictive information that makes the best of both approaches in a timely fashion to inform

To release a stable and high‐performance cultivar of sweet sorghum for tropical environments, it is crucial to understand genotype‐by‐environment interactions (GEI). Therefore, linear mixed models could be used to face this challenge by leveraging the biological process of GEI into cultivar recommendation. The goals of this study were 1) explore GEI patterns under tropical conditions to select stable

Current planting depth recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) producers range from 38 to 51 mm in the Midwestern United States. Characterization of emergence and soil conditions at a range of depths under later‐planted scenarios is important as days adequate for field work in April have been reducing and may affect planting dates. Field studies were conducted in Ohio from 2017 to 2019 to determine

Cover crops are a critical component of sustainable agroecosystems, yet their performance in semi‐arid environments with short growing seasons and highly variable precipitation is inconsistent. To evaluate productivity and stability of single species vs. multi‐species cover crop plantings with variable water input, cover crops were evaluated at two sites in North Dakota under dryland and dryland plus

Summer annual grass‐legume mixtures may provide supplemental grazing for livestock when cool‐season pastures are less productive, but nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for these mixtures are not well established. Inputs to these systems are often high, so optimizing N fertilizer rates may increase appeal to producers. This study evaluated the effects of increasing botanical diversity and N fertilizer

Urbanization and industrial competition continue to reduce both farmland and available water for food production. Therefore, a new root zone soil water retention technology was modified to transform highly permeable soils into sustainable agriculture. This long‐term drought avoidance technology was tested in two arid regions of Iraq, an arid country with declining irrigation water supplies. Manually

Organic dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop in Utah and the Intermountain Western United States; however, growers face numerous challenges maintaining yield, grain quality, soil fertility, and health. Wheat yields in the West are severely constrained by lack of rainfall, so dryland organic wheat farmers generally do not grow cover crops due to the risk of subsequent crop failure

The value of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] depends on quantity (yield) and quality, such as seed composition and test weight. Test weight (TW) is a bulk density measurement for grain quality evaluation, and higher TW grains are preferred for storage, transport, and export. Thus, soybean breeding should focus on improvement of TW. The objectives of this study were to determine genotypic and environmental

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root‐knot nematode (PRKN) Meloidogyne arenaria is a very destructive pathogen to which most peanut cultivars are highly susceptible. Current peanut cultivars rely on a single locus for PRKN resistance incorporated from the wild relative A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Greg., that could be overcome as a result of the emergence of new nematode populations. Thus, new sources

Constant‐rate blanket applications of fertilizer N can result in both an over and under supply relative to crop utilization on a field‐by‐field basis. Variable‐rate (VR) applications tailored to better meet crop demand can improve N use efficiency on spatially variable soils. The objectives of this study were to compare the response in corn (Zea mays L.) canopy reflectance derived vegetation indices

The germination of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] under different temperature regimes has been extensively investigated, but a discrepancy remains between laboratory studies and field results. Thermal requirements calculated in growing degree days (GDD) have been found to differ within the same species depending on the location of the study. The accumulation of GDD may vary under different

Rotation of grass ley with periods of annual crop production can be a means to increased farming system productivity, sustainability, and profitability. This research review offers interpretations of rotation research results for future African agriculture. Some rotation studies were with naturally generated and severely over‐grazed fallows consisting primarily of annual plant species but other studies

Mixtures of annual legumes with cereal grasses in forage production are considered to have great advantages and are extensively used in the agro–pastoral region of China. However, the effect of sowing ratio on forage yields and economic benefits of oat (Avena sativa L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) intercropping remains largely unknown. A 2 yr field experiment was conducted with seven sowing

Visible and near‐infrared reflectance (Vis‐NIR) spectroscopy is considered as a promising tool for the estimation of soil properties. Soil clay content and soil organic matter (SOM) are main components affecting soil spectra. Accurate assessment of clay content and SOM is essential before achieving accurate prediction for other soil properties. Selecting the proper spectral transformation technique

Evaluating the capacity and loss risk of soil nutrients is helpful to make fertilization strategies. Herein, the term of soil potassium (K)‐holding capacity (SKHC) was put forward to assess the capacity and loss risk of plant‐available K of specific soils. In this study, SKHC was evaluated via soil waterlogging‐simulation experiments using 14 different soils. The K concentrations in surface water were

Selecting the appropriate genotype for growing cassava after rice can help increase the supply of cassava and improve land use efficiency. However, conducting the selection requires data from many years of multi‐environment yield trials. A systems analysis approach using crop models can support this process. This study aimed to evaluate a potential application of the Cropping System Model (CSM)‐MANIHOT‐Cassava

Most studies only measure soil biochemical parameters in the surface soil at one growth stage to uncover how fertilization affects crop yield and soil respiration. A field study was conducted in a wheat‐maize rotation system to determine whether correlations among soil biochemical parameters, crop yield, and soil respiration vary with growth stage and soil depth. Annual crop yield, seasonal soil respiration

Climate impacts agricultural productivity and the distribution of crops grown around the world. Because the United States (US) is a leader in food exports, climate change impacts in the US have the potential to disproportionately affect the global food supply. Given the change in temperature, precipitation, and carbon dioxide occurring now and expected into the future, the potential for agroecosystems

Nitrogen (N) deficiency can severely limits sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grain yield and quality. Our objective was to evaluate N diagnosis methods based on: (i) pre‐plant soil NO3–‐N test (PPSNT) and soil N mineralized in short‐term anaerobic incubation (Nan), (ii) Greenness index (GI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measured at six (V6) and twelve (V12) leaves, and (iii)

Leaf optical properties influence the red/far‐red light ratio (a signal of potential inter‐plant interaction) in plant canopies, which could alter inter‐plant interactions among species. Differences in leaf optical properties of species comprising a mixed population have significant implications for plant–plant interaction. Leaf optical properties at red (660 nm) and far‐red (730 nm) lights for the

Changes to tillage practices can impact weed species composition and population dynamics in arable fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the impact of long‐term (36 yr) no‐tillage (NT) and conventional‐tillage (CT) systems on weed species composition, density, seedling emergence, and diversity, in a continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] system in Southeast Texas. Results

Although temperate japonica rice production is limited by both low‐ and high‐temperature stresses, the primary constraint was reported to be cold stress in the past. However, the magnitudes of low and high‐temperature stresses may have been altered by global warming. In this study, the major climatic constraints to the yield and yield components of temperate japonica rice grown in field conditions

The evaluation of genetic parameters in early generations select individuals in F2 and F2:3 and advancing only progenies with the potential to generate pure productive lines. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters in F2 and F2:3 populations derived from UFUS 7415 and TMG 7161 RR, evaluate different genotype selection strategies, and select progenies to improve

High Andean crops are precious resources for low‐income farmers threatened by climate conditions. In the Puna region of the central Peruvian Andes, poor farmers grow Lepidium meyenii Walpers (maca), a root crop endemic to this region, under extreme environmental conditions. The performance ranking of crop accessions may vary with climate variability due to interactions between genotypes and the environment

Soil salinity adversely affects the growth, yield, and quality parameters of sugar beet, leading to a reduction in root and sugar yields. Improving the physical and chemical properties of salt‐affected soils is essential for sustainable cultivation and sugar beet production. A field experiment was conducted at t the Delta Sugar Company Research Farm, El‐Hamool, Kafr El‐ Sheikh, Egypt to evaluate the

Genotype by environment interaction (G×E) of harvest period should be involved to assess the suitability of mungbean for monoculture or intercropping cultivations. This research was aimed to study the effect of G×E interactions on phenology and synchronous maturity, the change of genetic parameter estimates, and the stability of harvest period in mungbean. The study was conducted in Bogor, Indonesia

Sulfur (S) fertilizer is not widely used for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in the northeastern United States but decreased atmospheric S deposition rates warrant evaluation of S needs for soybeans in the region. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of S fertilizers [CaSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 at 168 kg S ha–1] on soybean grain yield, crude protein (CP), S content, N:S ratio

An on‐farm bamboo intercropping study was conducted near Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. It uses a split‐plot design with two bamboo species, viz., Dendrocalamus asper, D. hamiltonii and an open field condition as main plots, under which ginger (Zingiber officinale) was grown at five nutrient levels supplied through chemical fertilizers and organic sources (sub‐plots). In the intercropping with bamboo

Dryland wheat production potential in the northern Great Plains (NGP) often is limited by N availability impacted by various management practices. A 4‐yr study was conducted in northeast Montana to relate spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity and N utilization to management system (conventional and ecological), tillage (till and no‐till), and four crop rotations (continuous spring wheat

Nutrient cycling via livestock excreta is an important grassland ecosystem service. This study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 and determined nutrient excretion from cattle grazing three systems: 1) N‐fertilized bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) overseeded with rye (Secale cereale L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) during winter (Grass+N); 2) unfertilized bahiagrass overseeded with rye‐oat‐clovers (Trifolium

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient in the production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field studies on N use efficiency usually focus on recovery efficiency of added N fertilizer or agronomic N use efficiency. The internal N use efficiency of N (iNUE) or lint yield divided by plant N uptake is less studied, but is a key component of N fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was

Crop residue grazing or baling is common in the western Corn Belt. However, its impacts on subsequent crop yields under different irrigation levels and tillage systems are unclear. We investigated the impacts of corn (Zea mays L.) residue baling and cattle grazing on soil compaction, water content, and corn yield under full and limited irrigated no‐till in Nebraska during three years. In Years 2 and

We investigated the effects of reduced irrigation and nitrogen (N) application, using green manure and rice straw, on the water‐use efficiency (WUE) and greenhouse gas emissions of machine‐transplanted rice to provide theoretical and technical guidance for water and N management in double‐cropping rice. Field trials were conducted from 2014 to 2016 using two irrigation methods (flood irrigation, W0;

Gypsum is a high calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S) containing mineral used to improve soil fertility and physical characteristics in organic cropping systems. However, evidence regarding short‐term improvements in soil properties and increased crop yield is lacking. We conducted replicated experiments on 14 different organic dairy farm fields in five Ohio counties in 2017 and 2018. Our analysis evaluated

Knowledge about relationships between traits can contribute to raising the efficiency of selection of superior genotypes. The objective of this study was to estimate the correlations, direct and indirect effects of agronomic, chemical and physical traits of kernels on popping expansion (PE) in popcorn (Zea mays L.). The trial was carried out in the 2017/2018 growing season, in Maringá ‐ PR, with 49

The morphological and molecular diversity of 101 peanut varieties from South China were analyzed to identify distinctness among these varieties. No significant difference was observed for 6 morphological characteristics whereas a range of 0.25‐0.51 of diversity index was observed for 11 morphological characteristics, with an average value of 0.39. Molecular characterization with 40 highly polymorphic

Crops grown for bioenergy purposes are a potential alternative to traditional row crops and pasture–hay systems in the North Carolina (NC) Piedmont, but there is limited information available about their biomass yields and water requirements in this region. The goal of this study was to evaluate biomass yield and water‐use efficiency of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus