Correctly quantifying elevated air temperature effects on crop yield through field experiments and crop modeling is essential for developing adaptation strategies under climate change. In this study, the effects of elevated air temperature on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production were investigated using a four‐year open top chamber experiment (2015‐2018) in North Carolina, USA. The experimental

The reason for different maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids exhibiting differences in stalk lodging risk between the 12‐leaf (V12) and flowering stages is unclear. This study tracked internode development included morphology, carbohydrate accumulation, and mechanical strength of basal internodes in four widely‐planted maize hybrids in China for two consecutive growing seasons. And then used logistic model

Prediction of effective rainfall, rainfall which contributes to the plant available water content, for lawns remains a challenge despite its critical role in accurately estimating a soil water balance and irrigation water requirement. The objective of this research was to validate simple runoff models for estimating effective rainfall on St. Augustinegrass turf managed under varying irrigation strategies

In arid and semiarid regions, successful recovery from drought may be of more economic significance than plant productivity during a dry season. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of pre‐drought irrigation and defoliation managements (seed and forage managements) on post‐drought recovery of diverse smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) genotypes, and to identify growth traits

Soybean injury following an application of metribuzin soon after planting can occur under cool, wet conditions, especially for varieties that lack a high level of tolerance to the herbicide. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Fayetteville, AR, to evaluate the impacts of metribuzin at 0, 280, 560, 840, and 1,120 g ai ha−1 on soybean growth and incidence of soil‐borne fungi. Three classes

Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process. Inoculation with elite Bradyrhizobium strains greatly improves the supply of N to soybean; however, inoculation of large areas in short‐sowing windows delays the sowing process, demanding the development of technologies for pre‐inoculation. Here we report the evaluation of a

Cutting is a common practice for turfgrass culture and maintenance, and it may affect cadmium (Cd) uptake and enrichment due to the removal and regrowth of aboveground parts. The objective of this study was to determine how cutting frequency affects Cd form in the soil and its enrichment and distribution in clippings, stubble and roots. In this study, ‘K‐31’ tall fescue (Festuca elata ) plants were

Organic amendments under crop rotation influence soil organic matter (SOM) content, while the distribution and structural changes of humic substances have not been thoroughly examined. Three‐dimensional excitation‐emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and fluorescence regional integration (FRI), and projection procedure regression (PPR) were used

Under temporary economic stress, producers may elect to grow crops without fertilization. However, information is lacking regarding crop and soil response to growing multiple crops without phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization on claypan soils in the eastern Great Plains. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of utilizing soil‐test P (STP) and soil‐test K (STK) reserves on

Multi‐modeling (MM) approaches allow increasing modeling accuracy through a combination of different modeling structures for the simulation of plant growth and yield. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) 4.7 modeling platform currently includes three different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) models (CERES, N‐Wheat, and Cropsim). However, the main obstacle for using an MM approach

The stoichiometry characteristics of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis in different plantation ages (5, 10, 20 and 30 years) in the canyon area of Guizhou Karst Plateau were studied by measuring the C, N and P content of leaves, litter and soil. The content of C, N and P in leaves were 339.17‐386.14, 20.95‐23.65 and 1.18‐1.72 g kg−1, respectively. C and P increased gradually with the plant age

The mission of the Consortium on Global International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) is to reduce poverty and enhance food, water, and nutritional security and environmental health in the face of global challenges, including climate change. It operates worldwide through a network of 15 international research centers. One of these institutions, The International Center for Agricultural Research in the

Inappropriate nitrogen (N) fertilization rate could cause yield and economic losses and negative environmental impacts. This study was conducted to explore optimum N rate for a promising biofuel crop ‐ bioenergy sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The biogeochemical model, DAYCENT, was verified with an eight‐year field trial and then used to simulate the long‐term (35 years) effects of N fertilization

Nitrate leaching from potato production is of great concern because of its potential effects on water resources. Suction lysimeters were used in combination with a one‐dimensional flow model to quantify NO3‐N leaching under irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) produced on sandy soils near Québec City, Canada. The 3‐year (2010‐2012) study compared a single application of polymer‐coated urea (PCU)

The optimal row spacing aims to maximize profitability by balancing the reduction in production costs from a wider row spacing against a potential decline in yield and increased weed pressure. A wider row spacing should increase area seeded per day, improve residue flow around seeder openers and the success of seeding between stubble rows. This study investigated the feasibility of a wider row spacing

Aluminum‐tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars are often employed to damper the yield‐limiting impacts of Al toxicity in acidic soils. Tolerance is often facilitated by the Al‐activated malate transporter 1 (ALMT1 ) gene, which increases anion permeability of wheat roots and exudes malate in the presence of Al. However, few studies have explored the phenotypic incongruities of closely related

Modern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars are more productive and have unique growth and fruiting characteristics due to optimization of genetics and management practices in the past 30 years. The most recent work evaluating nutrient uptake and partitioning by cotton was conducted in the early 1990s, necessitating a re‐evaluation of nutrient accumulation and requirements in modern high productivity

High grain yield and N use efficiency are key goals of crop production. Increasing planting density and supplying adequate N application are important agronomic practices to increase maize grain yield. However, little is known about the interaction between the planting density and N application rate of high‐yield maize under mulch drip irrigation. The objectives of this study were to determine the

Golf courses and sports fields with turfgrass surfaces have been moving toward sand‐based root zone construction to enhance playability. Sand‐capped systems are ideally suited for situations where poor water quality and/or clayey soils necessitate rapid drainage and the need to flush salts. This study evaluated sand‐capping depth and subsoil texture on dynamics and availability of water as well as

Root morphology and production are important for soil nutrient acquisition and C sequestration, but these traits are poorly understood in the bioenergy crop elephantgrass [Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schum.]. Our objective was to characterize root traits of elephantgrass receiving different nutrient management practices in comparison with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) pasture grown in the southeastern

Transformation of sugar beet with genes conferring tolerance against biotic stresses might accelerate improvement of new hybrid varieties with respect to root yield. In the present study, the optimization of transformation procedure and the integration of four agronomically important genes were assessed in two sugar beet inbred lines. First, the transformation system was optimized with the Agrobacterium

The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) was used to evaluate two alternative approaches for extending the cover crop growing window into corn (Zea mays L.)‐soybean (Glycine max L.) crop rotations in Nebraska, USA. We evaluated how: 1. Shifting corn planting dates (mid‐April to early‐June) and 2. Altering comparative relative maturity (CRM) corn hybrids (80 to 115 days) influence cover

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from livestock systems are important because of their significant contribution to global warming. Nitrogen (N) fertilization can improve system production; however, it alters soil gas emissions. We evaluated soil nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to investigate how they are affected by increasing levels of N fertilizer (urea) in

The Gnetum genus is an important medical, grain and oil crops with ambiguous phylogenetic placement in seed plants. In the current study, full‐length transcripts from Gnetum luofuense leaves were utilized for codon usage pattern analysis. For this, a total of 30,666 full‐length transcripts were used for analysis after data filtering. The GC content of all transcripts was 44.75%, with GC1 being the

North China Plain farmers often use maize (Zea mays L.) silage for dairy cows. Double cropping of maize may be a feasible way to reduce annual water use and land required to produce feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of growing a double crop of silage maize with and without plastic film mulch. An experiment was conducted between 2015 and 2018 and contained three treatments:

Clay soils of the Canadian Shield are high in potassium (K) reserves. The differential contribution of soil K fractions to crop nutrition is an important issue for ley farming systems of Eastern Canada where N‐based manure application rate leads to K surplus and redistribution. Our objective was to assess the long‐term change in K offtake, K budget and K forms under a 3‐yr‐cycle ley farming system

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants grown in southwestern Japan are subjected to large variations in air temperature and solar radiation during the rainy season, which can affect their growth. In this study, therefore, a novel nitrogen (N) application method for topdressing was proposed to increase grain yield under different weather conditions. Field experiments were conducted to determine the grain yield

The Canadian Prairies have become the new northern edge for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in North America. In this short growing season production area, it has been speculated that application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer at planting could increase soybean growth, yield, and grain protein. To test this hypothesis, field experiments were conducted to determine if starter N fertilizer rates

Radiographic and multispectral image analysis have potential to be efficient, objective methods for assessing seed quality and internal insect infestation. The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of radiographic and multispectral analysis in detecting signs and damage caused by Angoumois grain moth [Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier)] and its different developmental stages in wheat (Triticum

Agronomy journals form a core part of the process of scholarly communication and scientific research in the agronomic field. Determining the key features of high‐impact agronomic journals will be a central component for identifying the disciplinary development in the field of agronomy. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric study to fill this knowledge gap based on 64,703 articles published in

Limited and erratic precipitation in arid and semiarid regions can affect soil water storage, water use, and dryland crop performance. Our objective was to examine soil water content, crop yield, and water‐use efficiency (WUE) with crop rotations and cultural practices for 6 yr in the northern Great Plains. Crop rotations were durum wheat (or durum) (Triticum turgidum L.)−durum−canola (Brassica napus

Anaerobic potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) combined with preplant nitrate test (PPNT) or pre‐sidedress nitrate test (PSNT) may improve corn (Zea mays L.) N management. Forty‐nine corn N response studies were conducted across the U.S. Midwest to evaluate the capacity of PPNT and PSNT to predict grain yield, N uptake, and economic optimal N rate (EONR) when adjusted by soil sampling depth, soil

Sidedressing liquid swine (Sus scrofa ) manure (LSM) on corn (Zea mays L.) may provide additional time to apply manure and help better match crop‐nutrient demand with nutrient supply. A two‐year, on‐farm study was conducted in Minnesota to assess three sidedress nutrient sources – injected LSM via dragline hose, anhydrous ammonia (AA), and urea ammonia nitrate (UAN) – against a non‐sidedressed control

Desertification is reducing the amount of land available to produce food in semi arid and arid regions worldwide. Management techniques to reduce this problem are needed. This paper investigated if the addition of soft rocks to sandy soils would improve soil resilience and productivity. The model system selected for this study was located in Mu Us, China. Soft rocks are defined as a loose rock layer

Propamocarb hydrochloride is a systemic fungicide used against Pythium and Phytophthora as well as other diseases in tobacco. This study aimed to understand the response of tobacco to propamocarb hydrochloride treatment at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted on tobacco leaves treated with or without propamocarb hydrochloride to identify differentially

In Brazil, soybean (Glycine max L.) have been grown in production systems with a low plant species diversification. However, these systems are becoming less efficient and sustainable. This study therefore evaluated the profitability of soybean production systems as a function of the degree of diversification of crops grown in the winter period. We conducted an experiment in Paraná state, Brazil, over

Shading stress decreases both the yield and quality of rice, which has become a serious problem in rice production worldwide. However, the effect of shading stress on grain filling progress of rice is not well understood. In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of shading on the grain filling progress and grain yield of rice at Hanyuan and Wenjiang in Sichuan, China

Understanding the yield gaps and its limiting factors under different soybean production environments is essential in order to increase yield to meet plant‐based protein and vegetable oil requirements. Soybean yield data from the National Crop Varieties Test were analyzed to identify yield‐limiting factors and yield improvement measures in the four soybean agro‐ecological regions in China. The average

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) productivity is dependent on climatic and economic conditions. The goal of this research combine economic and agrometeorological modeling about sugarcane productivity in the 18 important sugarcane production microregions of the São Paulo state in Brazil from 1995 to 2012. Cluster analysis was used to identify two groups of microregions with similar sugarcane actual

There are concerns related to the application of phosphate fertilizers to weathered soils that present low soil test phosphorus (STP) due to P adsorption in iron oxyhydroxides. Furthermore, long‐term trials are needed to evaluate crop response to corrective P fertilization and its interaction with different maintenance P fertilization strategies in these soils. An experiment involving the combination

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from broadcast urea may lead to significant nitrogen (N) losses in winter wheat. We aimed: 1) to quantify N losses through NH3 volatilization from fields fertilized with urea and urea amended with a urease inhibitor (NBPT) under cold weather months (February‐April), and 2) to investigate the impact of N losses through NH3 volatilization on the winter wheat production. We

Feedstock genetics and environment are important factors determining biomass yield of biofuel crops. Field studies were conducted to evaluate agronomic performance of four energy cane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) genotypes (TUS11‐62, TUS11‐58, TCP10‐4928, and Ho 02–113) in the Texas Rolling Plains. In the first study, cane billets were planted in 2015 and data were collected from first (2016) and second

Control of fall‐seeded annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) cover crops with spring‐applied herbicides prior to seeding corn (Zea mays L.) has been variable. Improved herbicide options are needed in order to increase the consistency of annual ryegrass termination prior to seeding corn. Four field experiments were conducted over a two‐year period (2018, 2019) in Ontario, Canada to evaluate the control

Three California juries have found that Monsanto should be liable for millions of dollars in non‐economic losses to pesticide users and punitive damages, although the verdicts are on appeal. The plaintiffs in the lawsuits claimed Monsanto was negligent in failing to provide training on how to use Roundup and for not providing adequate warnings about the product's dangers. The punitive damage awards

Salinity and sodicity problems are ubiquitous in dryland and irrigated systems, and research into possible amendments to remediate soils in these systems is needed. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic amendments on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum UG99) yield and salts redistribution within the profile of a repacked saline–sodic silt loam soil (ECe = 12.9 dS

Increasing temperatures can severely affect wheat production, particularly when it coincides with the grain‐filling period. Heat stress induces rapid senescence resulting in early maturity and shortened grain‐filling period. In this study, the applicability of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence (Chl‐F) and chlorophyll index to track rate of senescence in flag leaves and spikes exposed to heat stress

Grazed pastures are susceptible to N loss from urine/manure additions, which increases eutrophication, affecting the global N cycle. Plant secondary metabolites (PSM), such as condensed tannins (CT) and terpenes, influence silviculture soil dynamics by generally decreasing N mineralization. We investigated whether cattle‐grazed pastures of non‐traditional grass and legume forage monoculture strips

This forum paper provides a synthesis and discussion of 14 categories of lessons learned from experiences for achieving farm‐level impact with smallholder farmers in Africa. These lessons were reported in a symposium hosted by the Agronomy in Africa community of the American Society of Agronomy. The lessons, listed in order of frequency of reporting, were the need to: have adequate infrastructure and

Balanced fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers (NPK) is usually recommended to increase crop yield, while little is known on whether the effectiveness differ in soils with different fertilization histories. A greenhouse experiment grown with winter wheat and fertilized with NPK was conducted using soils that had been under five fertilization histories, including

Perennial ryegrass (PR) is a quality and high yielding forage that tends to lack winter hardiness to persist in the upper Midwest. The objective was to evaluate yield, stand persistence, forage nutritive value, and preference of experimental populations of winter hardy PR grown in monoculture and in mixture with white clover under livestock grazing. Research was conducted in St. Paul and Grand Rapids

In the light of climate changes and global warming, as well as the rapid expansion in sugar beet cultivation in Egypt, the development of sugar beet varieties with improved tolerance to high temperature and deficit irrigation is of great importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate sugar beet genotypes under high temperatures and deficit irrigation conditions for further identification and

The kernel water concentration (KWC) varies more intensely during the physiological dehydration phase, and the dehydration process during this phase has been demonstrated to be closely associated with internal physiological processes in maize kernels. To better illustrate the physiological dehydration process (PDP) of maize kernels, moisture characteristic parameters were consecutively recorded after

Broadcast interseeding cover crops in corn (Zea mays L.) from the V2‐V7 corn growth stages provides farmers the opportunity to establish cover crops over large areas quickly compared with drill interseeders. The objectives of this research were to evaluate broadcast interseeded cover crop establishment and biomass production as well as cover crop effect on corn grain yield in farmer's fields in Michigan

Despite its popularity as a putting surface in North Carolina, creeping bentgrass (Agrostsis stolonifera L.) is highly susceptible to summer bentgrass decline (SBD) during hot summer months. Cultural practices have been shown to help alleviate the pressure of SBD. The objectives of this study were to detail the impacts of nitrogen (N) fertility, soil water content and hollow‐ and solid‐tine cultivation

To explore the effects of an increased CO2 concentration on the growth and nitrogen absorption and utilization of different rice cultivars, the Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ) rice cultivars were grown under ambient CO2 (400 μmol mol−1) and elevated CO2 (600 μmol mol−1) combined with high nitrogen (2.5 mM) and low nitrogen (0.5 mM) treatments. The effects of elevated CO2 on root morphological

Fields are typically kept fallow after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain harvest in the U.S. southern Great Plains (SGP). Introducing summer cover crops to the system could increase soil conservation and farm profitability if grazed. The objective of this research was to evaluate cover crops’ forage yield, residue cover potential, weed suppression, and effect on wheat production. Monocultures

Supply of adequate P is critical at the early growth stages of corn (Zea mays L.), particularly under a cold environment like the northern Great Plains. The mutualistic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and corn roots is responsible for supplying P. However, colonies of AMF drastically decline when corn follows a non‐host crop like sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) in rotation. Field

Temperature‐based grass‐reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation methods (e.g., Hargreaves−Samani [HS] model) present advantages over combination‐based methods that require full‐suite weather data. The U.S. High Plains region has scarce and short‐term full‐suite weather sites. This data scarcity presents challenges for combination‐based ETo estimation. The performance of HS model against the American

Changes in agricultural management can potentially change the rate of carbon sequestration. The rain‐fed agricultural areas of the Songnen Plain are China's main grain‐producing areas, and this region has a temperate monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 2.0–5.6°C, annual average rainfall of 350–460 mm, and annual evaporation of 1000–1600 mm. In a short‐term experiment (2014–2019),

Tillage is one of the most important management practices in rice production. However, reports comparing fragrant rice performance under plough tillage versus rotary tillage are scarce. Here we conducted a five‐season field experiment with a fragrant rice cultivar, “Meixiangzhan‐2 ”, to study the effects of continuous plough tillage on fragrant rice yield, quality and grain concentration of 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline