Barley in south central China can be either harvested at early‐dough stage as a sole‐use (SU) forage crop or as a dual‐use (DU) crop that is grazed at early jointing stage for forage and harvested at mature stage for grain. A two‐year field experiment was conducted to compare genotypic differences in yield and quality of forage and grain for both SU and DU production. Barley genotypes differed significantly

Cover crops can positively impact productivity and the environment. While improved estimates of cover crop N benefits could help promote their adoption, little information is currently available at the broad scale. We conducted a multi‐site study to determine whether use of satellite images and site factors could fill this gap. Six spectral indices were extracted from Sentinel‐2 satellite imagery and

How to allocate heat resources during yield formation and grains drying in the field to ensure food security while reducing the grain moisture content (GMC) is an important issue in maize production in China. In this study, we established three production scenarios (traditional production (TPS, GMC>30% at harvest), mid‐moisture grain harvest (MMHS, GMC≤25% at harvest), and low‐moisture grain harvest

Drill interseeding is an alternative method for establishing annual cover crops (CCs), but regional weather and management practices, including soil‐residual herbicides, could impact its success. Split‐plot field experiments in Princeton, KY, assessed establishment and biomass of drill‐interseeded annual ryegrass [Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L

Improving N management guidelines in corn (Zea mays L.) production systems can reduce fertilization costs and potential negative environmental impacts. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of leaf nitrogen (LN) concentration as a tool to improve midseason N management in corn production. The experiment was conducted on 8 site‐years with furrow irrigation. There were 11 N fertilization

Seeding at the optimum rate is among many decisions considered crucial for crop production. The main objective of this research was to evaluate seeding rate responses for popular dryland winter wheat varieties and determine if variety specific seeding rates were warranted. The study was conducted from 2015 through 2018 at Colby, Garden City, and Tribune, KS. The response of four winter wheat varieties

Sterile oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) is a problematic weed in winter crops of Australia. Biotypes of sterile oat adapted to the local environment may vary in environmental plasticity, which could increase their invasiveness. A 2‐yr (winter growing seasons of 2018 and 2019) study in Australia investigated the influence of planting date (early, mid‐, and late season) on the growth and reproduction

Simple rotations containing only corn (Zea mays L.) and/or soybean (Glycine max. L.) dominate landscapes despite agronomic, soil health, and environmental benefits associated with diversification. We hypothesise that inclusion of wheat in corn/soybean (CS) rotations increases yield and net returns and that this benefit is becoming larger over time. Yields from rotation‐tillage trials located near Elora

Adoption of conservation tillage practices has increased over the past 30 years in the United States. Research is needed to evaluate if reduced tillage practices are compatible with manure injection on dairy farms. Two corn (Zea mays L.) silage studies were conducted in New York to evaluate the impact of zone tillage depth and tillage intensity on early plant growth and soil nitrate‐N, and corn silage

The use of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with rhizobia may improve biological N fixation, nutrient acquisition, and grain yield of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). However, few studies have reported the effect of inoculation of rhizobia and PGPR in association with Mo in tropical soil conditions. This study examined the effectiveness of (co)inoculation with Bradyrhizobium

Polycultures, mixtures of different crop species in the same field, may provide both production and ecological benefits. Silage production in annual cropping systems may incorporate polycultures and take advantage of species’ niche partitioning, potentially stabilizing yield variation due to abiotic stress. Using maize (Zea mays L.) silage as the basis of our 3‐year study, we tested the impact on crop

Shrub willow (Salix spp and hybrids) is a biomass crop well adapted to the northeastern United States. We assessed the biomass productivity of six willow cultivars in a 14.5‐ha field in Pennsylvania through two rotation cycles of three years each, comparing the realized and biophysical yield potential. We also evaluated the relationship of yield with plant density and the harvest efficiency. The realized

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and the sensors they can be equipped with are becoming more technologically advanced and common place within the agricultural industry. The output analyses from UAV captured data helps drive decisions for improving input efficiency in agricultural systems, which can result in maximum return on investment and reduced environmental impact. Advances in UAV technologies provides

Diversification and intensification of cropping systems are of interest due to potential for increased farm income. However, yield and profitability of multi‐crop systems need to be understood, especially in northern environments where the growing season is short. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield and profitability of monocrop (MC), relay intercrop (RI), and double crop (DC) systems

This long‐term study was established to increase knowledge of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from irrigated cropping systems utilizing dairy manure solids and compost in semiarid southern Idaho. The objective of this field study was to determine the effect of synthetic N fertilizer (urea or SuperU [enhanced‐efficiency synthetic fertilizer]), composted dairy manure, dairy manure (fall or spring applied)

Alternative methods of rice (Oryza sativa L.) irrigation are gaining increasing popularity across the Mid‐South, but an allowable soil moisture deficit stress has not been defined. This study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to determine the soil moisture threshold for furrow‐irrigated rice (FIR) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) rice production systems to minimize irrigation water use while still

Si alleviates biotic and abiotic stress in plants and many studies have been conducted in Si uptake by the roots. However, there is limited information about Si translocation during grain filling and the Si transport pathways regulating plant Si uptake. In the present study, we performed a 2‐year field trial on the wild‐type rice varieties Oochikara and Taichung‐65 and their corresponding mutants lsi1

Rice yield and grain quality are highly influenced by the planting date; thus, it is crucial to determine the optimal planting window for an area of cultivation. In this study, date of planting experiments conducted at the LSU AgCenter Rice Research Station from 2011‐2018 were analyzed to quantify the effect of planting date, genotype, and year on key agronomic traits. Planting date was strongly associated

A 2‐yr study was conducted at Michigan State University (MSU) and the University of Arkansas (UARK) to identify creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting green management practices that minimize or exacerbate visible wear damage (VWD) caused by aggressive golf shoes or cleats. Management treatments included different levels of grooming (none vs. three times weekly at a depth of 0.5 mm),

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a nitrogen (N) intensive crop, and meeting its requirements with N fertilization is the primary practice to improve N recovery and achieve suitable tuber yield. A 3‐site‐year (SY) study was conducted to assess SPAD‐502 chlorophyll meter efficacy for providing potato leaf real‐time N status to adjust N timing and rate using N sufficiency index (NSI) thresholds of 90

We evaluated the optical and thermal reflectance of maize (Zea mays L.) interseeded with cover crops using remotely sensed canopy temperature and multispectral imagery. In 2017 and 2018 annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and a mixture of annual ryegrass and crimson clover were interseeded in maize at V3 and V6 at

Aux/IAA gene family is a kind of transcription factors in plants, which plays a regulatory role in the process of auxin regulating plant growth. In this study, the structural characteristics and gene expression patterns of Aux/IAA transcription factors in maize were analyzed by bioinformatics method, and 32 Aux/IAA genes from Arabidopsis and 40 Aux/IAA genes from maize were screened for phylogenetic

Little is known about the relationships between soybean maturity grouping and the yield limiting factors in the subtropics. This information can be used to estimate soybean potential yield (Yp) and the water‐limited yield (Yw) and to optimize current soybean management practices to improve yield and resource use efficiency. The objectives were (i) to estimate the Yp, Yw and yield gaps of soybean in

Salt stress will seriously influence alt stress in banana (Musa L.) induces MaPIP1;1, which enhances the salt resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis. The promoter pMaPIP1;1, located 13,62 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site, was isolated from the banana genome, and four pMaPIP1;1::GUS fusion constructs namely M‐P1, M‐P2, M‐P3, and M‐P4 were used to transform into Arabidopsis. In this work,

Nitrogen‐use efficient and leaf‐disease resistant corn cultivars are important to reduce costs and increase sustainability in farming. Studies have shown that non‐additive genes may enhance nutrient‐use efficiency and disease resistance in corn crops. This work aimed to analyze the responses of popcorn hybrids to Northern leaf blight (NLB) under contrasting nitrogen availability. We evaluated NLB incidence

Nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in regulating leaf senescence and yield formation in rice. However, little information is known about the effects of N rates on the growth and grain yield of rice plants with leaf early senescence. This study used a leaf early‐senescent rice mutant (osled) and its wild type (93‐11) and investigated how N rates of 0 kg ha–1 (0N), 240 kg ha–1 (240N) and 360 kg ha–1 (360N)

Microorganisms are crucial in mediating N cycles in soil and produce impact on the health and nutrition of the host plant. The seedling stage is one of the most critical periods of crop growth and development. However, the information regarding the underlying interactions between soil microbial community, soil nutrient, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass, and whether they associate with nitrogen

Fast and efficient calibration is essential for the effective application of crop models. However, many formulas, parameters and nonlinear responses in crop models make calibration difficult and time‐consuming. Using an intelligent optimization algorithm to calibrate the model has advantages in global search ability, optimization speed and automatic calibration compared to the manual trial and error

Annual winter grasses are competitive weeds in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) due to their similar life cycle, root system, and morphology. Volunteer wheat is clearly a weed when infesting a crop of a different species. However, should substantial expense be invested in reducing volunteer wheat in a subsequent wheat crop? The effects of volunteer wheat in winter wheat were investigated in three fields

Straw incorporation is an important measure to improve soil fertility and soil acidification. However, fresh straw that is returned to the field cannot be decomposed in a short time. Accumulation of undecomposed straw in the soil changes humus composition and the C structure. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of decomposed straw on soil fertility and microbial communities. Soil samples

Active canopy sensing may improve corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) management, but little has been done to evaluate soil N content to improve sensor's utility. This study investigated the usefulness of integrating canopy sensing tools and soil N content to estimate grain yield and N requirement at various corn development stages. Six to seven N rates at 35 to 45 kg urea‐N ha–1 increments were pre‐plant

Climatic change effects on crop yields are expected to be crop‐ and site‐specific. Here, DSSAT models were used to evaluate climatic change effects and mitigation strategies on maize and soybean yields in soils of the subtropical and semi‐arid region of Chaco. Simulations were performed for the DK747 and A8000 genotypes, calibrated for CERES‐Maize in a previous report and for CROPGRO‐Soybean in the

While the efficient N fertilization has become widely accepted for sustaining or improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency, many existing N fertilizer recommendations seldom considered N sources during implementation. To investigate the effect of N rates and sources on maize (Zea mays L.) production efficiency, soil quality and economic benefits, a field experiment was conducted in the coastal saline area

Small grain forages are commonly grown following alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Utah and the Intermountain West, especially during drought years as small grains require less irrigation than corn (Zea mays L.). Several studies have shown that corn following alfalfa rarely needs N fertilizer, yet few have evaluated N needs of small grains grown for forage. Objectives of this research were to determine

Adopting suitable tillage and fertilization technologies for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can address poor soil conditions and high residual nitrogen following rice (Oryza sativa L.) harvest to improve the sustainability of rice‐wheat rotation systems. A field experiment was conducted in 2016–2018 to investigate the influence of tillage methods and nitrogen rates on wheat seedling growth (at the beginning

The current challenge of corn crops is to reach high yield, seeking to supply the world's demand for food assertively, especially under different fertilization regimes and using the latest technology. The hypothesis of this research was that wavelengths and vegetation indices have a linear relationship with agronomic variables in corn. However, the objectives were to verify the formation of super‐traits

Drainage water recycling (DWR) involves capture, storage, and reuse of surface and subsurface drainage water as irrigation to enhance crop production during critical times of the growing season. Our objectives were to synthesize 53 site‐years of data from 1996 to 2017 in the Midwestern U.S. to determine the effect of DWR using primarily subirrigation on corn grain yield and yield variability, and to

Correct experimental planning is important to obtain more reliable data with high experimental precision. In this way, the results obtained and the technical recommendations generated are more reliable and representative. Thus, the objective of this work is to estimate the plot and sample sizes and the number of repetitions for the variables number of pods per plant and mass of pods per plant for pea

The deep nitrogen (N) fertilization coupled with mechanical pot‐seedling transplanting rice (DNF‐MPT) is an effective alternative to traditional transplanted rice with broadcasting fertilizer, however, little is known about its effects on grain yield, nutrient accumulation, and economic profitability. In present study, a two‐year field experiment was conducted in early seasons (March‐July) of 2019

Soil organic C (SOC) and N fractions are considered important indicators of soil health due to their multifunctional roles in storing and supplying nutrients, enhancing soil physical properties, and feeding soil biological activity and plant nutrition. Soil health condition from 120 fields under cotton cultivation in North Carolina was assessed from soil analyses associated with a survey of historical

Well‐defined nitrogen (N) management in irrigated two‐row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is critical for yield, quality, and to minimize environmental impacts. Data on fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE) and the fate of fertilizer‐N in the soil is lacking. The study objective was to determine uptake and partitioning of 15N‐labeled urea in the plant and soil. Urea was either surface applied

Environmental characteristics within a region often form site‐specific agro‐ecological responses to management. Using 92 fall‐stockpiled tall fescue field trials in North Carolina and surrounding states, our objective was to test the influence of two management factors (forage utilization and pasture age) and two environmental factors (elevation and soil textural gradients) on soil properties at 0‐10‐cm

Corn heat units (CHU) are used in Canada to rank corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids for maturity; however, maps showing expected CHU during the growing season have not been updated since 1976. The objective of this study was to: 1) examine historical weather data for the Canadian Prairie provinces and determine if there has been a change in the annual accumulation of CHU (ΣCHU), and 2) use updated technology

Drought stress parameters in a crop model have received little concern in literature. In this paper, a global sensitivity analysis on yield simulation was conducted for the drought stress parameters in ORYZA (v3) model, and sensitive parameters were identified for double season rice (early rice and late rice) by using the Extended FAST method in different scenarios involving two nitrogen applications

The conversion of Brazilian tropical forests into pastureland was a complex process, potentially harmful to the environment, heightened by degraded grazing systems that did not ensure sustainability and affected the ecosystem resilience. This study was conducted to determine the long‐term changes in soil Carbon stocks in Native Forest (FOR) converted to pasture‐based dairy systems (continuous grazing

Regulations under consideration by the US Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization propose that nicotine concentration in tobacco should be lowered to non‐addictive levels (0.3 to 0.5 mg g–1). The proposed standards are 90 to 95% lower than the nicotine concentration typically documented in commercially available cultivars. Research was conducted in six environments to evaluate

Site‐specific prescriptions require estimating response functions to controllable inputs across the field. The methodology of applying geographically weighted regression to on‐farm precision experimentation studies opens new opportunities to study site‐specific responses to inputs in farmers' fields by locally estimating the regression coefficients. However, the effect of the experiment's spatial layout

Latitude influences maize kernel weight and grain yield by variation in climatic conditions such as temperature and solar radiation. In this study, the major aim is to examine the spatial variation in 1000‐kernel weight and grain yield of the same maize hybrids and to further understand the differences in the response of 1000‐kernel weight and maize grain yield to climatic factors under a wide range

Velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.) putting greens require intensive sand topdressing programs for thatch management, however, their high shoot density combined with the low mowing heights make it challenging to maintain smooth, sand‐free putting surface when topdressing is applied at high rates. A field trial was initiated to determine the effects of sand size and topdressing rate on a ‘Greenwich’

This study aimed to analyze the heavy metal absorption characteristics of different plant species and planting patterns on Pb and As levels in soil. Two ramie [Boehmeria nivea (L.) Guad.] varieties (Zhongzhu‐1 and Xiangzhu‐3), and Pteris vittata L. were cultivated in monoculture and intercropping patterns in soil polluted with heavy metals (Pb and As). The plant traits and biomasses of Zhongzhu‐1 and

Maize intercropping with forage crops and nitrogen under no‐tillage management have led to discrepant results regarding the impact on crop yield. Therefore, understanding various production systems is necessary to assist producers in decision making. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate whether maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping with Urochloa ruziziensis promotes differences in the agronomic performance

The performance of fine fescue (Festuca spp.) species and cultivars may differ by traffic form or the season of wear simulation. Two trials were initiated in 2012 to evaluate the effect of traffic form (abrasive wear versus cleated traffic) and season of wear (spring, summer or autumn) on ten fine fescues seeded in North, Brunswick, NJ. Plots were visually assessed for the fullness of turfgrass canopy

Cereal crops have a high N requirement in a high‐yield environment. However, N use efficiency is still low in agricultural production systems and little is known about the effects of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in a high‐yield environment. A field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2018 with a maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation under a continuous no‐till in southern

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the third‐most cultivated field crop in the United States and a very important source of nutrition globally. The economic value of wheat motivates farmers to optimize yield and grain quality, which can be obtained with additional inputs that are often expensive. This study investigated three management intensity levels on grain yield, straw yield, grain test weight,

Microdochium patch is a turfgrass disease caused by the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels and I.C. Hallett that occurs in cool, humid conditions, which are commonplace in the United States Pacific Northwest and Northern Europe. Pesticide restrictions in certain areas make suppressing Microdochium patch challenging, and alternative control methods are desired. Previous research has shown

Azoxystrobin is a broad‐spectrum strobilurin fungicide used widely in turfgrass systems including lawns. Previous research has shown various management practices influence pesticide dislodgement from turfgrass; however, limited research has been performed to determine their effect on azoxystrobin dislodge. A field experiment was conducted in Raleigh, NC to quantify dislodgeable azoxystrobin (0.61 kg

Side‐dress N is a management strategy in maize (Zea Mays L.) production that can increase yield, reduce N leaching and increase the probability that N remains post‐flowering. This management adds cost, is time‐sensitive and can be difficult due to field shape and topography. A plantable, polymer‐coated urea N bead of two sizes and two coating thicknesses was developed and field tested across multiple

Cross‐linked polymer hydrogels, such as polyacrylamide co‐polymer (XPAM) or polyacrylate (XPAA) offer potential solutions for soil degradation, declines in soil resilience, and poor productivity in marginal soils. However, little is known about their long‐term effect on soil nutrient availability. This 9‐y, irrigated, outdoor, cropped pot study evaluated a single, one‐time addition of XPAM or XPAA

The paper's hypothesis was that intercropping macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) in an Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantation would increase land‐use efficiency and economic results. An experiment was conducted in southeastern Brazil to evaluate the planting of macadamia intercropped into a declining adult coffee plantation where trees were prunned, removed, or neither on the

Microdochium patch is a turfgrass disease caused by the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels and I.C. Hallett that occurs in climates similar to the cool, humid regions of North America's Pacific Northwest. Mineral oil, sulfur (S), and phosphorous acid (H3PO3) have been shown to suppress Microdochium patch on annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) putting greens in western Oregon. Previous research