This work aimed to assess the potential of Geissospermum argenteum Woodson (Apocynaceae) as a reservoir of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in an upland forest in Brazil. The study was conducted in a remnant of primary upland forest, in which were distributed 10 plots (0.5 ha each). All individuals of G. argenteum with diameters greater than 5 cm at a height of 1.3 m were

Wood ants, species of the subgenus Formica s. str., are one of the most important groups of insects in forest ecosystems due to their high abundance and activity. We assessed the foraging pressure of Formica polyctena and Formica rufa, two dominant wood ant species in the Białowieża Forest. In addition, we compared coniferous and mixed stands in these respects. In mixed stands F. polyctena visited

As anthropogenic disturbance continues to encroach on natural areas, it is imperative to establish how this disturbance affects species assemblages. Yellowjackets are important predators of a wide range of arthropods, acting as natural population control in many ecosystems. This study seeks to explore how Vespinae community structure shifts with increasing land development in a temperate North American

In US Pacific Northwest ponderosa pine forests the primary attraction order shown previously for red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is (−)‐β‐pinene+ethanol > (+)‐3‐carene+ethanol > (+)‐α‐pinene+ethanol. The monoterpenes are bicyclic C10H16 isomers containing one 6‐carbon ring with one double bond. Both pinenes have a 4‐carbon second ring and differ only

Leucoptera coffeella is one of the main coffee pests in the Neotropical region and particularly important in crops cultivated under full sun, as in Brazil. The intensive use of insecticides in the last two decades, including molecules of recent use such as chlorantranilprole, has not been successful in suppressing this pest species. Thus, study aimed to detect insecticide resistance and determine the

Wildflower plantings on farms have been shown to attract foraging wild bees, however, whether these added floral resources increase nesting densities of bees remains largely untested. We placed nest boxes containing natural reeds at 20 fruit farms in Michigan. We then compared nesting densities between farms with and without wildflower plantings and analysed nest provisions to evaluate use of wildflower

Thaumetopoea pityocampa is the most important pine defoliator in the Mediterranean basin. Despite being attacked by a number of natural enemies, populations occur frequently at high density in several areas. Egg parasitism was studied in 27 pine and cedar forests in Algeria, in relation to the host density (tents per tree) and the proportion of forest cover in the landscape. Egg parasitism varied from

Tetropium gabrieli is native to the European Alps where it breeds in European larch and may be an important pest during drought periods by killing trees. It has spread to larch plantations in several European countries including Sweden. In trapping studies conducted in Sweden, we tested whether T. gabrieli was attracted to E‐fuscumol, E,Z‐fuscumol, E,Z‐fuscumol acetate and the host volatile combination

Observed lower levels of herbivory in mixed compared with monoculture stands have been hypothesized to depend on top‐down forces, through higher predation pressure by natural enemies or through bottom‐up mechanisms through plant quality effects on herbivore performance. In this study, we compared the performance measured as host plant induced mortality, cocoon weight, and predation mortality of the

The intimate relationship between sampling efficiency and Taylor's power law (TPL) was investigated with gypsy moth sample data. The data were used to compute sampling efficiency directly and indirectly by TPL. Comparison of TPLs and efficiency plots of male and female pupae confirmed the identities linking TPL with sampling efficiency. Divergence of sex‐specific TPL plots indicated local scale density‐dependent

Gall‐forming hymenopterans of Eucalyptus species are highly successful invaders causing significant damage in non‐native plantation forests. To date, at least 16 of these species have been recorded as invasive eucalypt gall formers, of which less than half are known from Australia where they are thought to be native. About 80% of the species have become invasive only in the last two decades, <10%,

Pentatoma rufipes (L.) is common and widespread across much of the Palaearctic. The insect is particularly associated with deciduous trees and may remain in woodlands throughout the year, feeding on species such as oak, beech, and hazel. Pentatoma rufipes is emerging as an important pest of tree fruit in northern Europe. In recent years, agronomists have been finding increasing numbers of P. rufipes

Leptocybe invasa is native to Australia and induces galls on various species of Eucalyptus. Two genetically distinct lineages of this wasp have been detected outside its native range, namely, Leptocybe Lineage A and Leptocybe Lineage B. The parasitoid Selitrichodes neseri was released in South Africa as a biological control agent against L. invasa. Another parasitoid of L. invasa, Quadrastichus mendeli

Ips acuminatus (the sharp‐toothed bark beetle, STBB) is currently considered to be one of the most serious pests of Scots pine in many European countries. STBB management is among the most challenging tasks in pine forests; the development of methods for monitoring, predicting and managing outbreaks of this bark beetle is therefore crucial. Pheromone‐baited traps have been widely recommended as a valuable

A warming climate, as predicted under current climate change projections, is likely to influence the population dynamics of many forest insect species. Numerous bark beetle species in both Europe and North America have already responded to a warming climate by significantly expanding their geographical ranges. The aim of the current study was to investigate how populations of bark beetles within stands

Host selection behaviour of the walnut twig beetle (WTB) among hardwood trees was investigated in a riparian forest in northern California by monitoring the landing rate of the beetle with sticky traps on branches baited with 3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐ol, the male‐produced aggregation pheromone. The assay was conducted over 7 days (22 May to 29 May 2017) and compared landing rates on branches of six nonhost

The most commonly used method to control insect pests, such as leaf‐cutting ants (LCA) in forest plantations, is the application of chemical insecticides, but their use was forbidden in plantations certified by the Forest Stewardship Council because of their negative effect on the environment. A 5‐year derogation of their prohibition was obtained in 2016 in Argentina, on the condition that forestry

The woolly poplar aphid Phloeomyzus passerinii Signoret (Aphididae: Phloeomyzinae) is a major pest of poplar plantations. We hypothesized that recent temperature increases may have contributed to the emergence and subsequent northward expansion of outbreaks in France. We reared P. passerinii at four temperatures to estimate its thermal requirements. We used experimental data to parametrize a mechanistic

The Kuroshio shot hole borer (KSHB) Euwallacea kuroshio is an invasive ambrosia beetle pest in Southern California, where it causes Fusarium dieback in a number of different host tree species. Since its discovery in California in about 2014, the KSHB has established or been identified across a wide geographic range along the California coast, spanning north from the Mexican border to San Luis Obispo

Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758) is abundant and has a broad geographic distribution. It is one of the most important cereal pests. In Brazil, the economic losses associated with this aphid result mainly from the transmission of the barley yellow dwarf viruses. Decision‐making for the adoption of management measures must consider the initial population size, the potential for population increase

Commercially reared cavity‐nesting bees have been studied mainly in large, intensively managed orchards. However, knowledge on wild cavity‐nesting bee and wasp communities and their potential limitations in smaller orchards remain insufficient. We compared the colonization rate of trapnests, nesting success, parasitism and response to flower resources of cavity‐nesting bees and wasps between apple

Temperate forest canopies support a high diversity of insects, but in comparison to the tropics, little is known about insect spatial distribution, particularly in terms of vertical stratification. We used an aerial lift platform to sample a temperate floodplain forest canopy during two seasons. We aimed to describe patterns of aphid density and diversity in terms of vertical canopy stratification

Significant research has been devoted to the development of semiochemical repellents for mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. Several formulations of the beetle's antiaggregation pheromone verbenone (4,6,6‐trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept‐3‐en‐2‐one) are registered to protect pine trees and stands. We compared the efficacy of verbenone and Verbenone Plus for protecting individual lodgepole

As the development of the eight‐toothed spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is temperature‐dependent, climate change may encourage development of its additional generations per year and facilitate mass outbreaks further north than previously known. The aim of the study was to analyse historical changes in effective temperature sums (ETSs) and early season swarming weather for I. typographus in different

Terrestrial slugs are pervasive pests of agriculture throughout temperate regions and have the potential to disrupt the germination of seedlings, cause damage to fruiting bodies of crops, and vector plant pathogens. Tetanocera elata Fabricius (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a widely distributed Palaearctic species, is an obligate mesoparasitoid and predator of pestiferous slugs including Deroceras reticulatum

Dendrolimus pini can be a serious defoliator of pine trees in some European countries. The monitoring of this insect is important, but no single standardized capture technique exists for monitoring purposes. A range of insect trap types (delta sticky, G‐trap, Unitrap and cross‐vane Unitrap), colours (green, red and white delta traps and yellow and green cross‐vane Unitraps) and types of capture liquid

Semi‐natural habitats are characterized by a high diversity of wildlife. However, other areas, e.g. old fields, can also play an important role in biodiversity conservation. We assessed the species richness, abundance, and diversity of wild bees (Apiformes), including species of various functional groups in two contrasting and differently managed landscape types. For this study, we selected 15 xerothermic

Eulachnus tuberculostemmatus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is the most abundant aphid species attacking pine trees in Isfahan, Iran. Population fluctuations of this species and its natural enemies were studied on Pinus brutia var. eldarica by weekly sampling. Its fertility‐life table parameters were determined in the field in spring and summer 2016. Furthermore, effects of different temperatures (15, 20,

The host selection behaviour of the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, was assessed by monitoring the landing rates of the beetles with sticky sheet traps on the host and nonhost hardwood branches. Sticky sheet traps were deployed for 8 weeks from 6 June to 2 August. 2017 in the Putah Creek Riparian Reserve, Davis, CA. Branches from host northern California black walnut, Juglans hindsii,

Some wild bees can persist in human‐altered habitats in the face of global wild bee decline. To date, however, little is known about why those bees can tolerate human disturbances. Here we hypothesized that wild bees living in human‐altered habitats could achieve their nesting resources and floral resources. Moreover, persistent provision of those resources could enhance their populations. The foraging

The invasive sawfly Aproceros leucopoda causes severe defoliation of various elm species and thus can be a major pest in forest stands and urban environments. The overwintering biology of A. leucopoda has not been investigated so far; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the cold tolerance strategy and cold hardiness of hibernating A. leucopoda eonymphs. The supercooling points (SCPs)

The knowledge of natural factors that affect pest populations is essential in predicting the occurrence of pest outbreaks and in developing integrated pest management programmes. Natural enemies, climatic elements and host plants are among the most important factors affecting pest dynamics. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ) is the second most consumed vegetable worldwide. The pea leaf miner Liriomyza

The objective of this study was to assess barcoding of environmental DNA as a method for monitoring invertebrate ecosystem service providers in soil samples. We selected 26 invertebrate ecosystem service providers that occur in New Zealand kiwifruit or apple orchards and produced mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene subunit I (cytochrome oxidase I) and/or 28S ribosomal DNA sequences for each. Specific

The Eastern Grass‐veneer Agriphila aeneociliella (Eversmann) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a serious stem‐feeding pest of wheat crops that has become established in China in recent years. A better understanding of the mating strategy and reproductive performance of A. aeneociliella could improve integrated pest management programmes against this newly established species by disturbing its behaviour and

Common walnut Juglans regia L. suffered devastating damage from the white‐striped longhorn beetle Batocera horsfieldi (Hope) in southwest China, which resulted in a dramatic decrease of local walnut production. However, the control of this wood‐boring pest with traditional methods is difficult as a result of its cryptic feeding habit. We proposed that developing host‐plant resistance is a more effective

Pure forests are often seen as being more prone to damage by specialist pest insects than mixed forests, and particularly mixed forests associating host and nonhost species. We addressed the effect of tree diversity on oak colonization and defoliation by a major specialist pest, the oak processionary moth (OPM) We quantified the number of male OPM moths captured and larval defoliation in pure stands

Wild bees provide invaluable ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes such as pollination. However, in recent decades, pollinator biodiversity, especially in wild bees, is declining on a global scale, with potentially far‐reaching consequences for crop production. Thus, there is an urgent need to determine whether wild bees are present in agricultural systems, such as fruit orchards. In the present

Scots pine Pinus sylvestris was originally introduced to Iceland in the beginning of the 20th Century. Extensive plantings started in the late 1940s and, in total, 2–3 million Scots pine seedlings were planted, mainly originating from two counties in northern Norway. Part of this plant material was imported as seedlings. Pine woolly aphid Pineus pini was introduced to Iceland before 1940, most likely

Lupinus nootkatensis is an exotic plant species that has been used for large‐scale sowing all around Iceland for land reclamation of eroded surfaces protected from livestock grazing. Until the early 1990s, L. nootkatensis was free from any significant arthropod herbivory in Iceland, whereas, after 1991, many outbreaks of native insect species, primarily Ceramica pisi and Eupithecia satyrata, have been

Drought affects many agriculturally important areas, hampering the cultivation of water intensive crops such as tomatoes. Unlike processing tomatoes, deficit irrigation of fresh market tomatoes is not currently practiced. Deficit irrigation could have negative trade‐offs for yield and pest populations by changing plant nutritional values and the microenvironment. The present study compared crop response

The parasitoid wasp Ibalia leucospoides is native to the northern hemisphere and has been introduced to the southern hemisphere as a biological control agent for the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio. Two subspecies of the parasitoid, Ibalia leucospoides leucospoides (Palearctic distribution) and Ibalia leucospoides ensiger (Nearctic distribution), were introduced and are reported to have hybridized

Pest management of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium spp.) agroecosystems has become a major concern in several countries of the Americas. In this review, we report an overview on geographical distribution, injury, damage and methods used to control (plant resistance mechanisms, biological control) the most important stink