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Computer vision-based weight estimation of livestock: a systematic literature review N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Roel Dohmen; Cagatay Catal; Qingzhi Liu
ABSTRACT Body weight measurement of animals is often labor-intensive for farmers and stressful for animals. To this end, several methods have been researched and implemented to automate this process. In this study, we performed a Systematic Literature Review to identify and synthesise the published studies on the body weight estimation approaches for livestock (i.e. cattle and pigs). Information about
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Recent advances in grazed pasture-based dairy science N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Timothy J. Clough
(2021). Recent advances in grazed pasture-based dairy science. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research: Vol. 64, Special issue: Recent advances in grazed pasture based dairy science. Editor: Timothy Clough, pp. 1-2.
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Effects of bovine leptin gene variation on milk traits in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey-cross dairy cows N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 Ishaku L. Haruna; Yunhai Li; Huitong Zhou; Jon G. H. Hickford
ABSTRACT Leptin is a protein hormone secreted by white adipose tissue, and variation in leptin gene (LEP) has been described to affect milk production traits in different cattle breeds. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nucleotide sequence variations identified in exon 3 of LEP were the same as those reported previously, and ascertain whether the variations detected affected milk
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Selection scheme designs for dairy cattle milked once daily in New Zealand: a deterministic approach N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Felipe Lembeye; Nicolás López-Villalobos; Jennifer L. Burke; Steve R. Davis
ABSTRACT In New Zealand, a specific selection scheme for the dairy cattle population milked once-a-day (OAD) has not been implemented. This study aims to investigate estimated genetic progress for different selection objectives based on selection scheme designs using progeny testing (PT) and genomic selection (GS) in OAD herds. Under a PT-scheme, estimated genetic progress ranged from 7 to 45 kg/year
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Effect of vernalisation on the diurnal changes in fatty acid profile and nutrient composition of chicory in response to defoliation frequency N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Mancoba C. Mangwe; Racheal H. Bryant; Pablo Gregorini
ABSTRACT The effect of defoliation frequency and severity on FA and nutrient composition of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) before and after vernalisation were compared. Before vernalisation, the FA and nutrient components exhibited little variation with defoliation frequency and severity irrespective of the time of day. After vernalisation, total FA more than halved compared with pre vernalisation
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Time of sowing and cultivar effects on hardseededness and germination of subterranean clover seeds N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Carmen S. P. Teixeira; John G. Hampton; Derrick J. Moot
ABSTRACT The annual regeneration from seeds of subterranean clover plants after initial sowing depends on the hardseededness (HSmax, %), its breakdown rate (HSbreak, %/ °C) and the germinability of the seeds over time. Hardseededness is a physical mechanism of dormancy that prevents germination of seeds and is ecologically important for the persistence of subterranean clover in a range of environments
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Impacts of pasture species and ruminant urine on N2O emissions and nitrogen transforming microbial communities in soil mesocosms N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 Marion Delacoux des Roseaux; Shengjing Shi; Aoife M. Duff; Fiona P. Brennan; Leo Condron; John A. Finn; Karl G. Richards; Maureen O’Callaghan; Tim J. Clough
ABSTRACT Multispecies grasslands can alter nitrogen (N) cycling processes. A mesocosm experiment was performed comparing bare soil, soil planted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), white clover (Trifolium repens), plantain (Plantago lanceolata), and a mixed sward with all three species. We aimed to assess the plant effects on: ruminant urine-induced dry matter yields, plant N uptake, soil N2O
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Soybean silage in dairy heifers’ diets: ruminal fermentation, intake and digestibility of nutrients N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Jefferson R. Gandra; Tiago A. Del Valle; Caio S. Takiya; Euclides R. Oliveira; Rafael H. T. B. Goes; Jamille D. O. Batista; Anderson P. Acosta; Isabelle Z. Noia; Giovani Antônio; Giovana S. Urio; Cibeli A. Pedrini; Alzira G. S. Pause
ABSTRACT This study was designed to determine the effects of soybean silage (SS) in diets of dairy heifers on nutrient intake and digestibility, feeding behaviours, rumen fermentation, N utilisation, and microbial N synthesis. Twelve Jersey heifers (307 ± 3 kg body weight and 15 ± 3.2 months of age) were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with 21 d-periods, 14 d for adaptation and 7
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Quantifying contaminant losses to water from pastoral land uses in New Zealand III. What could be achieved by 2035? N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Richard W. McDowell; Ross M. Monaghan; Chris Smith; Andrew Manderson; Les Basher; David F. Burger; Seth Laurenson; Peter Pletnyakov; Raphael Spiekermann; Craig Depree
ABSTRACT To meet the water quality outcomes sought by catchment communities and regulators, the losses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sediment from dairy and sheep/beef farms must be reduced across many catchments. We conducted a high-level desktop analysis of farm typologies and established that if mitigation actions were fully implemented across dairy and sheep/beef farms, losses of N and P
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Effects of heavier live weight of ewe lambs at mating on fertility, lambing percentage, subsequent live weight and the performance of their progeny N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Emmanuelle Haslin; Rene A. Corner-Thomas; Paul R. Kenyon; Steve T. Morris; Hugh T. Blair
ABSTRACT Ewe lamb live weight at first mating (7 months of age) is positively associated with reproductive performance and led to the recommendation of a minimum mating live weight of 40 kg. This experiment examined the effects of heavier mating live weight of ewe lambs on their live weight, fertility, lambing percentage and their progeny performance to weaning. Ewe lambs (n = 270) were randomly allocated
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Assessing dairy farming eco-efficiency in New Zealand: a two-stage data envelopment analysis N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Tarek Soliman; Utkur Djanibekov
ABSTRACT We employ a two-stage data envelopment analysis technique to assess the ecological-economic performance or ‘eco-efficiency’ of dairy farms in New Zealand. 108 dairy farms were surveyed over one year period across the country to analyse farming eco-efficiency. Survey data on milksolids production and production costs are used to estimate the economic performance (i.e. profits), while data on
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Combining perennial ryegrass cultivars in seed mixtures confers limited and situation-specific benefits for dairy pasture productivity N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 David F. Chapman; Cathal M. Wims; Laura Rossi; Wendy M. Griffiths; Julia M. Lee; Barbara Kuhn-Sherlock
ABSTRACT Combining several cultivars within species in seed mixtures is often advocated as a means for improving crop or pasture performance. Herbage accumulation (HA) of perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures sown with a single cultivar representing different functional types of perennial ryegrass was compared with the HA of cultivar mixtures over three years in two contrasting environments (Waikato
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The effect of polyferric sulphate treated farm dairy effluent and clarified water on leaching losses, greenhouse gas emissions and pasture growth N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-09-13 Christopher M. W. Chisholm; Keith C. Cameron; Hong J. Di; Tim C. Green
A lysimeter experiment was conducted to investigate the environmental effects of applying farm dairy effluent (FDE) treated with a chemical coagulant (polyferric sulphate) to land. The coagulant was administered as part of an effluent treatment system known as ClearTech. Two products are produced from the treatment process; treated effluent (TE) and clarified water (CW). Applications were applied in
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Production, profit and nitrogen flows in irrigated dairy systems representing different industry development pathways: the Pastoral 21 experience in Canterbury N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 David F. Chapman; Dawn E. Dalley; Grant R. Edwards; Keith C. Cameron; Brendon J. Malcolm; Anna Clement; Alvaro J. Romera; Ina B. Pinxterhuis; Pierre C. Beukes; Hong J. Di; Racheal H. Bryant; Jeff Curtis
ABSTRACT Future development pathways for irrigated dairy farms in Canterbury operating under stricter nitrogen (N) loss limits were compared in two farmlets over four years. One represented the traditional pathway of intensification via higher inputs of N fertiliser and supplementary feed (‘higher input-high efficiency’, HI-HE), while the other represented a lower input pathway using half the amount
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Production responses in adult ewes to long-acting anthelmintic treatment pre-mating: relationship with body condition score N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-08-09 Dave M. Leathwick; Chris M. Miller; Tania S. Waghorn; Shen-Yan Hea; Paul M. Candy
A trial was conducted to investigate the response of mixed age ewes of different body condition scores (BCS) to a pre-mating treatment with long-acting anthelmintics. Three hundred Poll–Dorset Texel cross ewes were divided into three groups of 100 and treated pre-mating with either a 100-day controlled-release capsule containing abamectin, albendazole, selenium and cobalt, a long-acting injectable
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Advances in Plant Sciences N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Jim Moir
(2020). Advances in Plant Sciences. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research: Vol. 63, Special issue: Advances inplant sciences. Guest Editor: Jim Moir, pp. 269-271.
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Phosphorus transport in subsurface flow from a stony soil under irrigated and non-irrigated lucerne N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 Colin W. Gray; Richard W. McDowell; Scott L. Graham; John E. Hunt; Johannes Laubach; Graeme N. D. Rogers; Sam Carrick; David Whitehead
The extent of phosphorus (P) loss from soils under deep rooting crops such as lucerne is currently unknown. This study used large lysimeters (2.0 by 1.5 m) to quantify the amounts and forms of P in drainage under lucerne from two sites, a non-irrigated dairy system and an irrigated dairy system that also received farm dairy effluent (FDE). Results showed despite greater P inputs to the irrigated compared
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Intraspecific variation for osmotic adjustment in white clover (Trifolium repens) N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Mark R. Norton; James M. Morgan
The drought tolerance trait osmotic adjustment has been widely studied in annual crops but has received little attention in perennial forages. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a forage legume of major importance with a reputation for drought susceptibility. This paper we believe is the first to publish research which measures intraspecific variability for osmotic adjustment within this species
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Ergot alkaloids in New Zealand pastures and their impact N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-07-07 John R. Caradus; Stuart D. Card; Sarah C. Finch; David E. Hume; Linda J. Johnson; Wade J. Mace; Alison J. Popay
ABSTRACT In identifying endophytes for use in pastures in New Zealand there have been two strategies used, either exclusion of ergopeptine and lolitrem alkaloids or, retaining some ergopeptine expression to enhance the stability of natural defences against invertebrate pests. Both have their strengths and weaknesses. It is a matter of balancing these to ensure the end-user has access to a product that
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Multiple resistance to flumetsulam and MCPA in two clones of Ranunculus acris N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 Sarah Jackman; Graeme W. Bourdôt; Alasdair Noble; Shona L. Lamoureaux; Hossein Ghanizadeh
Herbicide dose-responses of seedling progenies of Ranunculus acris populations varying in herbicide exposure history indicate that this weed has evolved multiple resistance to phenoxycarboxylic acid and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides. To test the hypothesis that this ‘multiple-resistance’ can occur in the same plant, we conducted an experiment where 11 clones of R. acris, varying
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Investigation into the contrasting production of eight perennial clover cultivars in the first two years at field sites in in Waikato and Canterbury N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 Philippa J. Gerard; Lee T. Aalders; Scott Hardwick; Derrick J. Wilson
The production and pest susceptibility of eight clover cultivars were compared over two years in the pasture at two contrasting sites: a rain-fed Waikato cattle-grazed pasture and an irrigated Canterbury dairy pasture. The cultivars were four white clovers (Trifolium repens L.) (Grasslands Kopu II, Grasslands Mainstay, SF Quest and Weka), two red clovers (T. pratense L.) (Grasslands Relish, Rubitas)
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Improving the economic and environmental performance of a New Zealand hill country farm catchment: 4. Greenhouse gas and carbon stock implications of land management change N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Michael B. Dodd; Grant Rennie; Miko U. F. Kirschbaum; Donna L. Giltrap; Daniel Smiley; Tony J. van der Weerden
An integrated catchment management project was established at the Whatawhata Research Centre in the late 1990s to study the implications of land use and management change for a typical New Zealand hill country pastoral farm system. The main changes implemented on the 296 ha Mangaotama block in 2001–2002 included production forest plantation (147 ha), indigenous riparian planting (8 ha); intensification
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Total soil cadmium concentrations in the Winchmore long-term phosphorus fertiliser trial are still increasing N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-05-25 Colin W. Gray; Richard W. McDowell; Alasdair D.L. Noble
Reliable data on the rate of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soils that receive phosphorus (P) fertiliser is vital to help manage the impact of Cd in agricultural systems in New Zealand. Studies of the long-term P fertiliser trial at Winchmore, where soils have received 0, 17, or 34 kg P ha−1 yr−1 for > 60 years, have reported that soil Cd concentrations over the last 15 years have either plateaued or
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Suitability of six extraction methods for isolating a large quantity of high-quality RNA from New Zealand free-draining stony soil N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Anastasija Podolyan; Gwen-Aëlle Grelet
High-quality RNA from soil is essential for investigating the functionality of soil microbial communities. The affordability the RNA-Seq method enables innovative studies of whole ecosystems but relies on a high quality and quantity of RNA. Different types of soils have different physicochemical properties, and therefore RNA extraction methods are usually investigated for each soil type separately
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Causes of leaf reddening in subterranean clover cultivars N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 Carmen S. P. Teixeira; Richard J. Lucas; Sonya T. Olykan; Derrick J. Moot
Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is an important legume in dryland hill pastures in New Zealand. In this environment plants adapt to low temperatures (<10°C) through a series of physiological mechanisms, such as the foliar biosynthesis of pigments, to protect vulnerable tissues. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins is one of the most important physiological responses for cold acclimation
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Genetic parameters across milking frequency for first lactation milk production traits in New Zealand N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 Felipe Lembeye; Nicolás López-Villalobos; Jennifer L. Burke; Steve R. Davis
ABSTRACT In New Zealand cows are usually milked twice a day (TAD), however milking cows once-a-day (OAD) for the entire lactation is steadily increasing. This study aimed to estimate genetic correlations (r g) for milk production traits across TAD and OAD milking frequency (MF) environments from first lactation cows. Lactation yields of milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein (PY), and somatic cell score (SCS)
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Do pasture-based mixed dairy systems with higher milk production have lower environmental impacts? A Uruguayan case study N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-04-20 Elisa Darré; Eduardo Llanos; Laura Astigarraga; Mónica Cadenazzi; Valentín Picasso
The increased milk production of pastured-based mixed dairy systems has involved higher use of concentrates and inputs, which led to increased environmental impacts. Usually these impacts are expressed per unit of product, which does not reflect the local impact per unit of land. The objective of this paper was to estimate global and local environmental impacts per kg of milk and per hectare. Fossil
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There is no relationship between plasma amino acid concentration and urinary nitrogen concentration in heifers fed plantain or ryegrass N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-04-20 Innocent Rugoho; Glenn Judson; Grant Edwards; Long Cheng
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma amino acid (AA) concentration and urinary nitrogen (N) concentration of dairy heifers offered cut plantain or perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture indoors. Twelve Jersey-Friesian heifers aged 9–10 months were equally assigned to two dietary treatments (plantain vs. perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture) in
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Effect of birth rank and age at first lambing on lifetime performance and ewe efficiency N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Beverley C. Thomson; Noel B. Smith; Paul D. Muir
Composite ewes (244 single, 258 twin and 255 triplet born) lambed first either as a one or two-year-old. One-year-old lambing resulted in lighter ewes at both 2nd and 3rd mating. Twin and triplet born ewes were lighter than single born ewes throughout their life. Ewe losses due to lambing as a one-year-old meant fewer ewes left to lamb in later years. This meant that after the two-year-old lambing
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Effects of irrigation on soil physical properties in predominantly pastoral farming systems: a review N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 John J. Drewry; Sam Carrick; Veronica Penny; David J. Houlbrooke; Seth Laurenson; Nicole L. Mesman
This paper reviews the effects of irrigation on soil physical properties, particularly soil water movement and storage, under predominantly pastoral systems. Few studies address how irrigation impacts these in temperate climates, with very few studies under modern spray irrigation and intensive pastoral farming. Irrigation generally means intensive land use will occur. It is difficult to uncouple factors
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Effect of breeding for lowered cadmium concentrations in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) on foliar micronutrient concentrations N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-02-23 Jim R. Crush; Lily Ouyang; Greig R. Cousins
Concentrations of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se) and iodine (I) were measured in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) plants previously selected for either high or low foliar cadmium (Cd), and progeny lines from crossings within the high and low Cd populations. Micronutrient levels were lower and more variable, with the exception of Se, in the low Cd progeny
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Genetic parameters for efficiency of crude protein utilisation and its relationship with production traits across lactations in grazing dairy cows N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-02-19 Hewa B. P. C. Ariyarathne; Martin Correa-Luna; Hugh T. Blair; Dorian J. Garrick; Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos
ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to estimate genetic parameters of efficiency of crude protein utilisation (ECPU) and its genetic correlation (r G) with other production traits across lactation in grazing dairy cows. Data were originated from 467 (2016–17 season) and 460 cows (2017–18 season) representing Holstein-Friesian (F), Jersey (J) and their crosses (F×J), from two New Zealand farms.
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Effect of a late summer diet change from pasture to brassica crop and silages on dairy cow milk production and urinary nitrogen excretion N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-02-02 Nouman Kyamanywa; Isabel M. Tait; Courtney M. Mitchell; Mike J. Hedley; David Pacheco; Peter Bishop
ABSTRACT When pasture supply becomes limiting during the summer dry period in the southern North Island of New Zealand, dairy cows often receive silage and forage crop dietary supplements. The present study investigated the effect of dietary change in late summer-autumn on cow’s urinary N excretion. Fifty-four dairy cows balanced for milk production, age, liveweight, body condition score and days in
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Development of a national-scale framework to characterise transfers of N, P and Escherichia coli from land to water N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 M. S. Srinivasan; Richard W. Muirhead; Shailesh K. Singh; Ross M. Monaghan; Roland Stenger; Murray E. Close; Andrew Manderson; John J. Drewry; Leo Christopher Smith; Diana Selbie; Roger Hodson
A hydrological framework encompassing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and microbial (E. coli) transfer from land to water was developed to provide a consistent and rapid approach for assessing the potential impacts of land activity on water quality in New Zealand. A flow partition approach was used to route precipitation via surface and subsurface pathways from land to water. The framework included a
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Differences in lamb production between ewe lambs and mature ewes N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2020-01-23 Emma J. Pettigrew; Rebecca E. Hickson; Hugh T. Blair; Kate J. Griffiths; Anne L. Ridler; Steve T. Morris; Paul R. Kenyon
Currently, comparisons of lamb output from either ewe lambs or mature ewes are confounded, as the age groups are bred to different sires, and lamb at different times. The aim of this experiment was to compare the reproductive performance of ewe lambs and mature ewes, bred at the same time to the same sires, and lambed in the same climatic conditions. The experiment included 1082 mature ewes and 1014
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Herbicide resistant weeds in New Zealand: state of knowledge N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-12-22 Hossein Ghanizadeh; Kerry C. Harrington
Herbicide-resistant weeds are serious threats to agricultural production. Since a review published in 1996, the number of different examples of weed biotypes developing resistance to one or more herbicides in New Zealand has almost quadrupled. By 1996, six weed species had been shown to have developed resistant biotypes, mostly to either triazine or auxinic herbicides. Most of the herbicide-resistant
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CLUES model calibration: residual analysis to investigate potential sources of model error N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-12-04 Annette F. Semadeni-Davies; Charlotte M. Jones-Todd; M. S. Srinivasan; Richard W. Muirhead; Alexander H. Elliott; Ude Shankar; Chris C. Tanner
This paper presents the results of the latest calibrations of the CLUES model for each of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and Escherichia coli. The model provides estimates of in-stream annual loads of these contaminants for every river reach in the New Zealand River Environments Classification and has been used in New Zealand for catchment planning and policy development. CLUES has been calibrated
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Soil nitrogen supply from effluent-amended pasture soils for forage maize production N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Matthew Norris; Paul R. Johnstone; Dirk F. Wallace; Nathan P. Arnold; Mike Parker
Field trials conducted in the Waikato region over three summer seasons (2007–08, 2008–09 and 2009–10) evaluated whether soil nitrogen (N) reserves at sites previously under long-term pasture and with a history of regular farm dairy effluent application were sufficient for maize production with either minimal or no additional N fertiliser inputs. Crop productivity was assessed in the first (six trials)
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Crop growth and development dynamics of two fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars sown on different dates in New Zealand N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-11-20 Edith N. Khaembah; Shane Maley; Mike George; Emmanuel Chakwizira; John de Ruiter; Rob Zyskowski; Edmar Teixeira
Two fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars (‘Rivage’ and SF Brigadier™) were evaluated in a field experiment to quantify the effect of cultivar and sowing date on growth physiology. The crops were sown on 19 September, 17 October, 17 November and 15 December in 2014. Crops were sequentially harvested and separated into storage root, leaf blade and petiole for analysis. Fodder beet growth was sigmoidal;
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Temporal trends in soil physical properties under cropping with intensive till and no-till management N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-10-30 John J. Drewry; Stephen J. McNeill; Sam Carrick; Ian H. Lynn; Andre Eger; John Payne; Graeme Rogers; Stephen M. Thomas
Improved process understanding of temporal change in soil hydraulic, water retention, and soil physical properties is required to improve modelling of soil-water dynamics. This study reports on temporal trends in soil physical properties for intensive till and no till irrigated wheat, from autumn sowing to summer harvest. There were significant temporal trends for bulk density, readily available water
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Symbiosis between Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain TA1 and a white clover cultivar benefits clover tolerance to cadmium toxicity N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-10-23 Sandra D. Young; Chikako van Koten; Colin W. Gray; Jo Anne E. Cavanagh; Steve A. Wakelin
New Zealand pastoral productivity relies heavily on biological nitrogen (N) fixation from rhizobia bacteria. Cadmium (Cd), present in pasture soils as an impurity in phosphate fertilisers, may have toxic effects on both plant growth and rhizobia activity. Effects of Cd on growth of seedlings of a white clover cultivar ‘Grasslands Tribute’, in the absence and presence of the N2-fixing Rhizobium leguminosarum
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Abutilon theophrasti–a comparison of two climate niche models N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-10-23 Graeme W. Bourdôt; Shona L. Lamoureaux
Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf, butterprint), a problematic weed of crops in some temperate countries, was introduced into New Zealand in 1948 as a potential fibre crop. It has naturalised in the North Island in the Waikato and Auckland regions but its status at the many sites where it was inadvertently sown in 2015 as a contaminant of Beta vulgaris seed lines remains unknown. To determine the potential
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Resolving broad patterns of prokaryotic community structure in New Zealand pasture soils N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-10-17 Rachel A. Kaminsky; Steve A. Wakelin; Matthew P. Highton; Md Sainur Samad; Sergio E. Morales
The importance of pasture soils to the New Zealand economy and global food security cannot be understated. Additionally, the importance of soil biodiversity to soil ecosystem functioning and, consequently, food production is becoming apparent. Despite this, our understanding of soil biodiversity is still developing. Here, we review the literature on soil microbial communities inhabiting pasture soils
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Earthworm induced transfer of dung-carbon into soil particle size fractions N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-08-29 Nicole L. Schon; Denis Curtin; Mike H. Beare; Alec D. Mackay; Ross A. Gray; Michael B. Dodd; Chikako van Koten
This study examined the role of earthworms in the stabilisation of soil organic carbon from livestock dung in a long-term mesocosm study, including its incorporation in deeper soil layers and association with particle size fractions. Two earthworm treatments were established, with the abundant and diverse treatment having 390 m−2 less epigeic Lumbricus rubellus, 2400 m−2 more endogeic Aporrectodea
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Liveweight production, dry matter yield and seasonal composition from dryland lucerne and lucerne/grass mixes over five years N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-07-29 Derrick J. Moot; Malcolm C. Smith; Annamaria Mills
Liveweight production, dry matter yield and botanical composition of three lucerne based pastures (lucerne monoculture, lucerne/brome, lucerne/cocksfoot) were quantified for five years from a grazed, dryland experiment at Ashley Dene, Canterbury. The objective was to determine if liveweight production by sheep was enhanced by inclusion of a companion grass species with lucerne. Over five growth seasons
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Costs and risks associated with surveying the extent of herbicide resistance in New Zealand N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-07-08 Christopher E. Buddenhagen; Matilda Gunnarsson; Phil Rolston; Richard J. Chynoweth; Graeme Bourdot; Trevor K. James
Herbicide resistance has repeatedly developed under intensive herbicidal weed management regimes globally with 255 species having resistant biotypes. In New Zealand, since 1979, resistance was found in 13 taxa, with >25 herbicides in 8 chemical classes showing reduced effectiveness (i.e. HRAC groups A, B, C, D, F, G, H, N and O). Cases included weeds in turf, pastures, orchards, vineyards, forage and
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Quantifying perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seed germination responses to water potential and temperature with a hydrothermal time model N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-06-03 Ali Shayanfar; Shirin Sharifiamina; Derrick J. Moot; Elena Moltchanova; Mark Bloomberg
In New Zealand, a commonly sown pasture combination is perennial ryegrass with white clover. The hydrothermal time model (HTT) was used to quantify germination under different temperature (T) and water potential (WP) conditions for white clover ‘Nomad’ and perennial ryegrass ‘Stellar AR1’. Seeds were germinated in vitro under a range of T × WP combinations, and HTT models were fitted to germination
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Using a rhizosheath selection tool to screen perennial ryegrass for root hair traits that reduce root competition against white clover N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-05-29 Rebecca M. Yeates; Jim R. Crush; Shirley N. Nichols; Mike J. Clearwater
We tested whether selection of ryegrass for reduced root hair length and density would reduce root competition on white clover for phosphate (P). A Rhizosheath Selection Tool was used to select two ryegrass populations with contrasting root hair traits. These were grown at five soil P levels in a glasshouse experiment and rhizosheath trait selection had no effect on growth or shoot P concentrations
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Methane emission factors for beef cows in Argentina: effect of diet quality N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-05-24 José I. Gere; Ricardo A. Bualó; Ariel L. Perini; Ricardo D. Arias; Facundo M. Ortega; Adan E. Wulff; Guillermo Berra
To determine the methane (CH4) emission factors for beef cows in Argentina, we carried out two experiments to test the effect of different diets on methane emission from grazing conditions. In experiment 1, diet consisted of native grass-based pasture vs. sorghum-based pasture (63.1% and 63.5% of dry matter digestibility (DMD) respectively), and in experiment 2, it consisted of native grass-based pasture
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The target site mutation Ile-2041-Asn is associated with resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in Lolium multiflorum N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-05-23 Hossein Ghanizadeh; Kerry C. Harrington; Carl H. Mesarich
Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors such as haloxyfop, pinoxaden and clethodim selectively control grass weed species in many types of crop. Here, we characterised two populations of Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), R and RV, from South Canterbury and Central Otago respectively, that were suspected to be resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Based on 50% reduction in biomass
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Triplet lambs and their dams – a review of current knowledge and management systems N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-05-22 P. R. Kenyon, F. J. Roca Fraga, S. Blumer, A. N. Thompson
Triplet-bearing ewes and their lambs have the potential to improve flock productivity however, the lack of robust information on optimal nutrition and management is limiting their performance. In comparison to twins, the triplet lamb is; lighter, more metabolically challenged, has lower body temperature, and receives less colostrum and milk which combined results in lower survival rates and weaning
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Thermal time requirements for germination of four subterranean clover cultivars N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-05-22 Carmen S. P. Teixeira; John G. Hampton; Derrick J. Moot
In vitro germination tests were performed at 11 constant temperatures (range 2.5–35°C) to quantify the maximum germination percentage and germination rate of four subterranean clover cultivars (‘Antas’, ‘Denmark’, ‘Monti’ and ‘Narrikup’). These were used to estimate their cardinal temperatures, base (Tb ), optimum (T opt) and maximum (Tmax) and the thermal time requirements for seed germination. Germination
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Linear versus seasonal growth of dairy heifers decreased age at puberty but did not affect first lactation milk production N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-04-25 Rhiannon C. Handcock; Catriona M. C. Jenkinson; Richard Laven; Lorna R. McNaughton; Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos; Penny J. Back; Rebecca E. Hickson
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare conformation, age at puberty and subsequent milk production of Holstein–Friesian–Jersey crossbred heifers grown in a linear trajectory (Target; n = 55) between 6- and 15-month target liveweights (LWT), with heifers grown in a seasonal manner (Seasonal; n = 55) of slow over first winter and fast over spring. Heifers that grew to Target attained puberty 38
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A Petri dish test for detection of flumetsulam and MCPA resistance in giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris subsp. acris) N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-03-31 Carolyn S. Lusk; Geoffrey A. Hurrell; David J. Saville
A quick test to enable early detection of flumetsulam and MCPA resistance in Ranunculus acris L. subsp. acris was developed in a series of Petri dish assays and pot trials. Initial experiments used seeds (Experiment 1) or cotyledonary seedlings (Experiment 2) from two R. acris populations of known past herbicide exposure, in Petri dishes containing broad ranges of herbicide concentrations. A further
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Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum) specific rhizobia persist in low and high fertility soils in the South Island of New Zealand N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-03-24 Tuan Dung Nguyen; Mitchell Andrews; Tommy W. S. Ley; Daniel Dash; Megan Petterson; Bevan S. Weir; James D. Morton; Alistair D. Black; Richard J. Lucas
Hexaploid Caucasian clover was grown in soil sampled at three New Zealand South Island high country sites to which specific rhizobium inoculum had been added with sowing of the legume in 1975, 1992 and 1997; two sites on the Lincoln University farm sown with inoculated Caucasian clover in 2012 and 2013; and six sites not sown with the crop. Caucasian clover nodulated in soil from all sites sown with
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Effect of DGAT1 variant (K232A) on milk traits and milk fat composition in outdoor pasture-grazed dairy cattle N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-03-20 Yunhai Li; Huitong Zhou; Long Cheng; Grant R. Edwards; Jonathan G. H. Hickford
ABSTRACT An amino acid substitution (K232A) in the enzyme diacylglycerol acyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) has been reported to explain variation in milk traits and milk fatty acid (FA) profile. In this study, associations between K232A, and milk traits including milk FA composition, were studied in wholly pasture-fed New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cross-bred (KiwicrossTM) dairy cows. With
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Using multiple insecticidal microbial agents against diamondback moth larvae - does it increase toxicity? N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-02-27 Josefina Narciso; Marsha Ormskirk; Sandra Jones; Phil Rolston; Maria Eugenia Moran-Diez; Mark Hurst; Jennifer Brookes; Travis Glare
The use of microbial insect pathogens as biocontrol agents is a well-established practice, with several bacteria and fungi available in commercial products. However, lack of efficacy, persistence and restricted host ranges are limiting the widespread uptake of insect pathogens. Combining multiple agents into a single product may overcome some limitations, if they are compatible and could provide synergy
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Changes in the abundance and diversity of earthworms in hill soils under different long-term fertiliser and sheep stocking regimes N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-02-26 Nicole S. Schon; Alec D. Mackay; Ross A. Gray
This study examined the earthworm community in permanent pastures at three self-contained farmlets that make up the long-term P fertiliser and sheep grazing study located at Ballantrae Hill Country Research Station. Thirty five years after the study was established, earthworm abundance was lower at the farmlet receiving no fertiliser since 1979 (LFNF, 219 m−2), compared to that receiving 125 kg SSP/ha/year
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Effects of adding readily available carbon to soil on nitrogen losses from cattle urine patches N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-02-20 William D. Talbot; Keith C. Cameron; Hong J. Di; Brendon J. Malcolm; David Whitehead
A lysimeter experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of applying readily available carbon (12 or 24 t sucrose ha−1) to soil on nitrogen (N) losses from cattle urine patches. The carbon (C) was readily available to microbes and was applied onto intact soil monolith lysimeters, containing stony silt loam soil, beneath either ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture
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Production and profit of current and future dairy systems using differing nitrogen leaching mitigation methods: the Pastoral 21 experience in Waikato N. Z. J. Agric. Res. (IF 0.956) Pub Date : 2019-02-20 Dave A. Clark; Kevin A. Macdonald; Chris B. Glassey; Chris G. Roach; Sharon L. Woodward; Wendy M. Griffiths; Mark B. Neal; Mark A. Shepherd
The aim of the study was to determine if existing technologies could reduce nitrate leaching by 50%; while maintaining high levels of milk production and profitability. One farmlet, typical of the Waikato (‘CURRENT’) was stocked at 3.2 cows/ha and compared with a farmlet stocked at 2.6 cows/ha (‘FUTURE’), focusing on higher cow production through the use of higher genetic merit cows, lower N fertiliser