Vibration analysis has been widely used for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings. The next step is to determine defect size from the measured vibrations which can be used in the decision making about the bearing replacement. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the defect size estimation from the vibration signals of two types of naturally generated defects

This paper presents a brief history of scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) and a general insight into an atomic force microscope (AFM), including its operating principles, modes, main components and limitations for achieving high-precision nanopositioning and image scanning. A piezoelectric tube scanner (PTS) is made of a piezoelectric material (PZM) and used in an AFM to position a sample in the sub-nanometric

In India, where 92% of motorcycle users are male, existing anthropometry and range of motion (ROM) databases of Indian male motorcyclists are either inadequate in terms of relevant information or not a representative of the whole Indian population. A data-set including 29 anthropometric and 20 ROM measurements were gathered from 120 male participants following Intra- and inter-observer reliability

Radar emitter individual identification plays an increasingly important role in electronic support measures (ESM) system. To cope with the problems of low accuracy and poor stability of radar emitter individual identification, a novel method, named MGWEPSO-BXGBoost (Mutation Grey Wolf Elite Particle Swarm Optimization Balanced eXtreme Gradient Boosting), is proposed. In consideration of the fact that

Based on intensive study on rail surface defect, a rail surface defect inspection scheme is proposed in this paper. With high-precession structured laser sensors, the original data are collected by industrial control computer and transformed into dimensional point cloud pattern. According to analysis of the specific feature of rail surface, a registration method is proposed to re-construct the digital

Presently, with the increasing population of young people, demands for sharing are increasing every day for college students on health monitoring is now gaining significance. The purpose of this paper is used to monitor college students in physical activities. In this research, A secure, energy-efficient student surveillance system has been designed and developed which can submit health parameters

Bearing steel ball is the basic part of rolling bearing, and its surface quality has a vital impact on the service performance, life and safety of rolling bearing. Therefore, the surface quality of bearing steel balls must be fully tested before leaving the factory. The unfolding mechanism and inspection sensor of steel ball surface are mainly described in this paper. First of all, the inspection methods

Infrared (IR) spectral imaging is a powerful tool for component analysis and identification in the geological field. In this report, we originally use quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) focal plane arrays (FPAs) with different peak-responsivity wavelengths to analyze the mineral composition of rock samples by IR spectral imaging and show the QDIP’s potential as a solution for some geological

Recently, prediction evaluation of the metastatic spine tumors in therapy is considered a significant area of research. Further, for spinal clinical diagnoses, a large amount of image data from different modalities is often used and interchangeably analyzed based on the automatic vertebra identification. It includes recognition of vertebral positions and recognition in several image modalities. Due

Data acquisition is the challenging and crucial step for any structural health monitoring (SHM) scheme, especially on numerous measurement locations that are typically at very high elevations or largely inaccessible areas, which are often linked to time-consuming, costly, and to some extent, dangerous sensor implementation and cable wiring. Noncontact vision-based measurement techniques have been recognized

To help rehabilitation of patients with lower limb dysfunction, a sitting/lying exoskeleton robot is designed for lower limb rehabilitation. Firstly, a coupling kinematics/dynamics model, including the wearer and exoskeleton, is established by the in-depth analysis of human-machine coupling relationship, and the prototype structure is introduced. Furthermore, according to the kinetic parameter identification

This paper proposes a novel non-contact approach to characterise the high-temperature nonlinear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) based on the digital image correlation (DIC) and the induction heating technique (IHT). Through IHT, the test samples can be heated up to high-temperature rapidly and realise ideal isothermal cooling after heating, which is fully verified by the numerical models and

An experimental method to characterize the electromagnetic properties of tattoo inks is proposed. The overall procedure is aimed to investigate possible safety implications related with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In this work, the experimental analysis is demonstrated on five commercial different tattoo inks. Measurements have been carried out both considering the ink solutions and the powdered

Pressure relief drilling (PRD) is a frequently-used measure in underground coal mine to control and prevent rock burst, which achieved the purpose of pressure relief by constructing PRD holes at the side of roadway. But up to now PRD is only used to achieve the pressure relief purpose, the important indicative information occurred in the process of drilling construction are all ignored. This paper

In this study, a mathematical expression is derived to calculate the ripple value of the output voltage of 2-phase interleaved cascaded boost converter (ICBC) circuits. In this context, the total number of 432 data of ICBC circuit including four parameters (switching frequency, duty ratio, coupling coefficient and the output voltage ripple) are acquired using Ansys-Electronics software. The expression

A conveyor belt represents a critical structural component of belt conveyors due to the frequent belt damage occurrences. To eliminate such damage, a belt’s performance characteristics, such as strength, service life and impact resistance, are crucial issues. This article presents the results of an experimental investigation of the impact resistance of three different types of rubber-textile conveyor

In double pulse metal inert gas (DPMIG) welding, the input broadband electrical signals are often affected by strong noise, which will decrease the quality monitoring accuracy. Therefore, a suitable method should be applied to extract features from the signals. However, due to the Gibbs phenomenon and the interpolation of extreme points, former methods such as variational mode decomposition (VMD) and

This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of 3-D printed primary standards for use with the calibration of microwave vector network analysers. The standards are a short-circuit and a quarter wavelength section of line that are designed for use with the Thru-Reflect-Line calibration technique. The standards are realised in metal-pipe rectangular waveguide, covering the frequency range

The data contained in the modern real estate cadastre should be of adequate quality. This is particularly important as far as information in records of parcel boundaries is concerned. Boundaries are attributes determining the scope of rights assigned to a specific real property. Their accuracy and reliability significantly affect the quality of other data contained in the real estate cadastre, such

Cracks in road pavements are usual damages because of heavy and dense traffic. Cracks usually are hidden to visual inspections in the case of rigid pavements. In these cases, cracked cement concrete layers are located below the asphalt layer. Therefore, detection becomes a difficult task, being only possible in the case of major damage or even failure. As consequence, rehabilitation is complex due

The inverse finite element method (IFEM), which is used to reconstruct the displacement field from the discrete surface strain measurements, is of great significance to the management, control and driving of smart structures. However, the iFEM method based on constant cross-section beam elements proposed in previous works were no longer suitable for variable cross-section beam elements. To solve this

The use of fly ash as a cement substitute may reduce the increasing cement demand and prevents an increased emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. This study aims to produce some compositions of geopolymer paving block (GPB) using different ratios of NaOH/Na2SiO3 combined with fly ash. The empirical models were developed to predict the performance of the GPB samples through the verification

Ignoring the initial conditions in the identification of fractional order systems (FOS) usually results in incorrect parameter estimations. In this paper, we present a method for the online identification of FOS with nonzero initial conditions. The initial conditions are treated as extra parameters and identified together with the system parameters. To reduce the complexity involved with calculating

We applied the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique for studying single microdroplets of dispersions of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The evaporating microdroplets were levitating in an electrodynamic quadrupole trap. Exponentially decaying autocorrelation functions (ACFs) were obtained for the light scattered by evaporating microdroplets as well as for microaggregates of nanoparticles formed at

The capacitive angle sensor has good output linearity, high precision and good dynamic response. The designed sensor probe has a differential multilayer ring structure, which greatly increases the positive area of the microplate and effectively improves the range and measurement accuracy of the sensor. In addition, CAV444 and ADS1115 are used to construct the signal processing circuit system, which

An algorithm was developed for image processing of High Definition (HD) images for food colourimetry applications. HD images help to capture detailed features and provide higher measurement accuracy. Dense image matrix of HD images makes image-processing complex and requires high-end data processing system. A two-step image cropping was found useful for rapid analysis of HD image and in reducing the

This study presents the characterisation of multifractality of road excitation time series under different road conditions for prediction of the durability of a suspension coil spring. Road excitation acceleration signals and strain signals were acquired from the suspension system of a vehicle travelling under different road conditions. Multifractal analysis revealed a higher tendency to multifractality

This work suggests the trajectory optimization of three well-known 3-axis surface machining tool-paths available to commercial computer-aided manufacturing systems by means of a genetic algorithm. The toolpaths are Optimized-Z; Raster and 3D-Offset. An original approach involving digitized information derived from solid features of complex sculptured surfaces and cutting-edge machining modeling tools

To solve the test mass misalignment problem in NIM-2 joule balance, a new suspension system with an overlapped-flexure hinge is proposed. The overlapped structure of this flexure hinge can guarantee the forces to act on the same pivot point, so the first type error torque caused by deviation of the weighing pan can be eliminated without any adjusting process. In addition, to eliminate the transmission

Considering the fundamentality of highway bridges in infrastructure, it is essential to monitor their health state during their lifetime. To achieve this goal, this paper presents an output-only damage detection method for highway bridges under a moving vehicle, which is based on the fractal dimension of strain responses measured by long-gauge fibre Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors. In this method

Applications in the Human Machine Interaction (HMI) field are increasing since people and robots share the same environment and perform activities together. Therefore, robust detection and strong tracking methods are required. This study is about human detection and tracking. For detection, two different approaches, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)-Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Convolutional

Lung cancer leads to high mortalities in various countries while the reliability of cancer diagnosis has not been paid enough attention. In this work, a novel application of conformal prediction in lung cancer diagnosis with electronic nose is introduced. The nonconformity measurement is based on k-nearest neighbors. In offline prediction, accuracies of 87.5% and 83.33% have been achieved by conformal

Currently, beam pumping unit has become a research hotspot in the oilfield area. Nevertheless, filling process of the pumping unit horsehead causes large-amplitude variations of the motor toque and greatly reduces the efficiency of the system. This paper presents a new-type hydraulic-motor hybrid system which can store the hydraulic energy and realize power recovery of the beam pumping unit. Mathematical

Machine-vision-based tube measurement is characterized by its accuracy, level of automation, noncontact nature and reliability. However, it cannot classify tube structures automatically. Commercial systems and previous algorithms cannot measure branch tubes due to difficulties of classifying tube structures. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for classifying tube structures. Multiple shape descriptors

In order to master the instability mechanism of coal pillar, the method of coal pillar fracture digitization was improved, and the “basic measurement scale-borehole comprehensive parameter method” which can realize the evaluation of a complex fracture network was proposed. The evaluation results indicate that the coal pillar failure exhibits obvious zonal characteristics and the damaged coal pillar

In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the performance of wiper ceramic cutting insert and observe the influence of hardness on Arithmetic Mean Roughness (Ra), Mean depth of roughness (Rz), Total roughness (Rt) and Tool wear (Vb) during the hard turning of AISI4340 steel. Twenty-seven experimental runs were planned according to the Response Surface Methodology based Box-Behnken Design approach

In this study, to observe the behavior of chemical anchors embedded in concrete under the tensile effect, 108 different anchor specimens were prepared with different parameters as concrete compressive strength, reinforcement bar diameters, anchor depths, sizes of drilled holes, cleanliness of the drilled holes. Pull-out tests were conducted and obtained data were examined with the axial-load capacities

Cylindricity evaluation plays an important role in processing quality evaluation. Accordingly, a new algorithm for evaluating cylindricity based on the minimum condition is presented. First, a theoretical “minimax” optimization model based on the minimum condition is linearized into a linear programming model. Then, the solution of the linear model and the soft alignment are performed alternately to

Indentation technique is a new method for measuring residual stress, widely used due to its simplicity of use, in-situ applicability, and nano-to-macro range of measurements. In this technique, the stresses are computed from experimentally obtained force-displacement diagrams using different models with various capabilities, proposed by some researchers. Lee's model has been proposed for non-equibiaxial

The paper proposed a spot vehicle speed detection method bases on a smart infrastructure called Smart Road Stud (SRS), which has functionalities of vehicle detection, wireless transmission, self-powering module and a controlled light-based traffic guidance as a compact road safety stud. Traditional dual-node speed detection system deployed two separated nodes with relative several meters long gap.

Epoxy nanocomposites play a leading role in manufacturing sectors due to excellent engineering properties. This paper highlights the influence of process constraints and the development of a robust optimization approach during drilling of Multiwall carbon nanotube/Epoxy Nanocomposites. The parameters considered are MWCNT % (W), Drill bit speed (N), feed rate (F), and Drill Bit (M) Materials (HSS, Carbide

This paper originated from an investigation of sparsity indexes for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Although various sparsity indexes have been widely applied in machinery fault feature extraction, there is little information on the guideline available for the selection of the best sparsity index for the specified scenarios with different interferences. To solve the problem, this article firstly

To overcome the liquid set dependency of existing surface free energy (SFE) component approaches, this paper presents an Equation-of-State (EQS) approach to measure the SFE of bituminous binders. A succession of water-ethanol mixtures with varying surface tensions are first prepared as the test liquids. The Wilhelmy plate method is then adopted to measure the surface tension γL of each liquid as well

Under the guidance of the theory of pressure sensor measurement, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to improve the efficiency of the examination. The clinical MRI data of 30 patients with Brucella spondylitis and 30 patients with spinal tuberculosis in the Infectious Disease Hospital are analyzed retrospectively. The similarities and differences of clinical manifestations between the two diseases

Traditional methods of rolling bearing fault diagnosis generally have the following disadvantages: low accuracy of fault severity identification, the need for artificial feature extraction, poor noise resistance and high requirements for diagnostic equipment. To overcome these disadvantages, an intelligent bearing fault diagnosis method based on Stacked Inverted Residual Convolution Neural Network

Model updating for bridge engineering structures to obtain precise finite element model is an efficient tool at present. But with the dimension of the potential parameters during optimization increasing, it brings a challenge to present optimization methods. To improve the performance of convergence process and the probability of detecting global extremum, a combination model updating method of modified

Estimating the gain of an antenna prototype is an important step during both design and validation phases. Nevertheless, many small technology companies and universities are not provided with adequate infrastructure to run this type of test. In this paper, we propose a computational tool to deal with undesirable contributions coming from non-ideal test conditions over electromagnetic measurements.

This article presents the studies of archaeological ceramic materials from two sites located in Poland within the region called Kuyavia: Grabkowo no.7 and no. 8 yielded pottery dated to the younger pre-Roman Iron-Age and they represent two cultures and different traditions in the pottery production. This case allows to follow and analyse the differences and similarities between these materials chemical

This paper deals with visualization and velocity analysis of a self-excited water jet generated by a designed prototype of hydrodynamic nozzle. The high-speed camera in combination with four high-energy pulsed LED lights and the particle image velocimetry method were tested. The influence of water pressure on the jet shape, velocity field and frequency of the self-excited jet was studied. The designed

Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) play a vital role in the upcoming years to improve the assistance systems. The IoT devices utilize several sensor devices that able to collect a large volume of data in different domains which is processed by AI techniques to make the decision about the assistance problems. Among several applications, in this work, IoT with AI is used to examine

The burnishing process is applied to improve the surface roughness and hardness. The goal of the reported research was to evaluate the machining conditions on magnetisable and non-magnetisable materials by the novel permanent magnetic assisted ball burnishing (MABB) tool. The MABB tool was designed to reduce the surface roughness but this process has further effects on the surface C45 steel, X6CrNiTi1811

A novel fault diagnosis method is proposed for rolling bearing by combining extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) composite multiscale weighted permutation entropy (CMWPE) and gravitational search algorithm based on multiple adaptive constraint strategy (MACGSA) optimized least squares support vector machine (LSSVM). In order to solve the problem of intrinsic mode function (IMF) modal aliasing

The design of experiments was used in this paper in order to determine the significance of particular factors for the parameters that indicate the quality of measurement results obtained by means of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Special emphasis was placed on the interaction of temperature and other factors. In accordance with the design of experiments, the diameter and roundness of a ring

High-density polymer composite pipelines are widely used in oil industry due to its high strength, endurance and corrosion resistance. There is a practical need for monitoring oil temperature noninvasively for pipeline maintenance. However, real-time temperature measurement of oil is difficult based on sensors installed outside the insulation pipe wall. Thermal field calculation is harder for a microprocessor-based

An analytical methodology based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on an Au nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (AuNPs/CPE) and the partial least-squares (PLS) algorithm for the determination of tryptophan (Trp) in the presence of unexpected electroactive interference, tyrosine (Tyr) with overlapped peaks, in serum samples was described. At first, the synthesized Au nanoparticles were