Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals are widely used in laser ignition facilities as optical switching and frequency conversion components. These crystals are soft, brittle, and sensitive to external conditions (e.g., humidity, temperature, and applied stress). Hence, conventional characterization methods, such as transmission electron microscopy, cannot be used to study the mechanisms of

In this study, the effect of core bar inserted into weld faying part to obtain an ideal pipe joint with non-generating inner flash via friction welding is described. A steel pipe with inner and outer diameters corresponding to 8.0 mm and 13.5 mm was used, and the weld faying surface was machined to a groove shape of a flat (butt) type. The core bar of various materials was inserted in the weld faying

Marginal-restraint mandrel-free spinning is an advanced technology for manufacturing ellipsoidal heads with large diameter-thickness ratios. The effects of spinning parameters on the forming accuracy of ellipsoidal heads have been studied, and optimized spinning parameters have been obtained. The microstructure evolution of a workpiece is usually very complicated in the spinning process. In this work

Among the transition metal oxide catalysts, manganese oxides have great potential for formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation at ambient temperature because of their high activity, nontoxicity, low cost, and polybasic morphologies. In this work, a MnO2-based catalyst (M-MnO2) with an interconnected network structure was successfully synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method. The M-MnO2 catalyst was composed

Back grinding of wafer with outer rim (BGWOR) is a new method for carrier-less thinning of silicon wafers. At present, the effects of process parameters on the grinding force remain debatable. Therefore, a BGWOR normal grinding force model based on grain depth-of-cut was established, and the relationship between grinding parameters (wheel infeed rate, wheel rotational speed, and chuck rotational speed)

With the increased use of agricultural machinery in field operations, soil compaction has become increasingly severe, and the plough pan has become deeper. Subsoiling is an excellent way to address this problem. However, it is limited by high energy consumption, which is closely related to tillage force. To investigate the effect of the geometric shape of shanks and tines on tillage force and soil

This study aims to optimize the uniformity of the temperature field during sintering to improve part performance. A temperature-field monitoring system is established based on an infrared thermal imager and the temperature field data obtained during the sintering of a part can be measured in real time. The relationship among the sintering temperature field, sintering process parameters, and part performance

Among the various types of metal matrix composites, SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (SiCp/Al) are finding increasing applications in many industrial fields such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics. However, SiCp/Al composites are considered as difficult-to-cut materials due to the hard ceramic reinforcement, which causes severe machinability degradation by increasing cutting

The effective estimation of the operational reliability of mechanism is a significant challenge in engineering practices, especially when the variance of uncertain factors becomes large. Addressing this challenge, a novel mechanism reliability method via a two-dimensional extreme distribution is investigated in the paper. The time-variant reliability problem for the mechanism is first transformed to

The high strain rate in metal cutting significantly affects the mechanical properties of the work piece by altering its properties. This study outlines the material strain rates during elliptical vibration cutting. The finite element analysis, Taguchi method, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to analyze the effects and contributions of cutting and vibration process parameters (feed rate

The functionally graded cemented tungsten carbide (FGCC) is a suitable material choice for cutting tool applications due to balanced hardness and fracture toughness. The presence of cobalt and CaF2 composition gradient in FGCC may enhance mechanical as well as antifriction properties. Therefore, structural design of self-lubricating FGCC was proposed using Power law composition gradient model and thermal

With ball-bearing and tribofilm lubrication effects, CuO vegetable oil-based nanofluids have exhibited excellent anti-wear and friction reduction properties. In this study, CuO nanofluids were synthesized by a one-step electro discharge process in distilled water containing polysorbate-20 and vegetable oil as a nanoparticle stabilizer and source of fatty-acid molecules in the base fluid, respectively

A system that combines the advantage of the long-range (LoRa) communication method and the structural characteristics of a mesh network for an LoRa mesh network-based wireless electrical load tracking system is proposed. The system demonstrates considerable potential in reducing data loss due to environmental factors in far-field wireless energy monitoring. The proposed system can automatically control

Following recent insights on structure-cell-function interactions and the critical role of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the latest biofabrication approaches have increasingly focused on designing materials with biomimetic microarchitecture. Divergence electrospinning is a novel fabrication method for three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber scaffolds. It is introduced to produce 3D nanofiber mats that have

In this study, the complex mechanical behavior of an aluminum/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) half sandwich structure was investigated during the blanking process. Mechanical tests were conducted for the polymer and metal layer and the delamination behavior of the adhesive between the two layers. A new testing device was designed for detecting the delamination under tensile mode. Corresponding finite

In this study, an eco-friendly electrolyte for electropolishing tungsten and the minimum material removal depth on the electropolished tungsten surface are investigated using an electrochemical etching method. Using a concentrated acid electrolyte, the polarization curve and current density transient are observed. For a NaOH electrolyte, the effects of interelectrode gap and electrolyte concentration

Cloud manufacturing is emerging as a new manufacturing paradigm and an integrated technology. To adapt to the increasing challenges of the traditional manufacturing industry transforming toward service-oriented and innovative manufacturing, this paper proposes a product platform architecture based on cloud manufacturing. Firstly, a framework for the product platform for cloud manufacturing was built

In this article, a new trajectory programming system that allows non-expert users to intuitively and efficiently program trajectories for robots is proposed. The system tracks a pen-shaped marker and obtains its position and orientation by processing the point cloud data of the workspace. A graphical user interface, which enables users to save and execute the acquired trajectory immediately after performing

As the next-generation manufacturing system, intelligent manufacturing enables better quality, higher productivity, lower cost, and increased manufacturing flexibility. The concept of sustainability is receiving increasing attention, and sustainable manufacturing is evolving. The digital twin is an emerging technology used in intelligent manufacturing that can grasp the state of intelligent manufacturing

In this study, the machined surface quality of powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 (similar to Rene88DT) and the grinding characteristics of brown alumina (BA) and microcrystalline alumina (MA) abrasive wheels were comparatively analyzed during creep feed grinding. The influences of the grinding parameters (abrasive wheel speed, workpiece infeed speed, and depth of cut) on the grinding

Composite materials are widely employed in various industries, such as aerospace, automobile, and sports equipment, owing to their lightweight and strong structure in comparison with conventional materials. Laser material processing is a rapid technique for performing the various processes on composite materials. In particular, laser forming is a flexible and reliable approach for shaping fiber-metal

Machine chatter is still an unresolved and challenging issue in the milling process, and developing an online chatter identification and process monitoring system towards smart manufacturing is an urgent requirement. In this paper, two indicators of chatter detection are investigated. One is the real-time variance of milling force signals in the time domain, and the other one is the wavelet energy

The DD6 nickel-based superalloy exhibits remarkably high temperature properties; therefore, it is employed as a crucial structural material in the aviation industry. Nevertheless, this material is difficult to process. Ultrasonic-assisted drilling (UAD) combines the characteristics of vibration processing technology and conventional drilling technology, significantly improving the machinability of

Numerical simulation is an effective approach in studying cutting mechanism. The widely used methods for cutting simulation include finite element analysis and molecular dynamics. However, there exist some intrinsic shortcomings when using a mesh-based formulation, and the capable scale of molecular dynamics is extremely small. In contrast, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a candidate to combine

In orthopedic surgery, the bone milling force has attracted attention owing to its significant influence on bone cracks and the breaking of tools. It is necessary to build a milling force model to improve the process of bone milling. This paper proposes a cortical bone milling force model based on the orthogonal cutting distribution method (OCDM), explaining the effect of anisotropic bone materials

Tungsten carbide is a material that is very difficult to cut, mainly owing to its extreme wear resistance. Its high value of yield strength, accompanied by extreme brittleness, renders its machinability extremely poor, with most tools failing. Even when cutting with tool materials of the highest quality, its mode of cutting is mainly brittle and marred by material cracking. The ductile mode of cutting

Metal sheet spinning is an advanced near-net forming technology for the manufacture of thin-walled ellipsoidal heads. The exact control of dimensional accuracy, however, is a considerable problem for spinning thin-walled parts with large diameter-to-thickness ratios. In this work, a marginal-restraint mandrel-free spinning process with two passes is proposed for the fabrication of thin-walled ellipsoidal

Ubiquitous augmented reality (UAR) implementation can benefit smart shop floor operations significantly. UAR from a user’s first-person view can support and provide the user with suitable and comprehensive information without him/her being distracted from ongoing tasks. A natural hand-based interaction interface, namely, a mobile bare-hand interface (MBHI), is proposed to assist a user in exploring

The in-situ TiB2 particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are materials that are difficult to machine, owing to hard ceramic particles in the matrix. In the milling process, the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools are used for machining these materials instead of carbide cutting tools, which significantly increase the machining cost. In this study, ultrasonic vibration method was applied for

Widespread use of aluminum alloys for the fabrication of car body parts is conditional to the use of appropriate welding methods, especially if dissimilar welding must be performed with automotive steel grades. Friction stir welding (FSW) is considered to be a reasonable solution to obtain sound aluminum-steel joints. In this context, this work studies the effects of tool position and force control

This paper describes a novel modeling method for determining the thermal deformation coefficient of the moving shaft of a machine tool. Firstly, the relation between the thermal deformation coefficient and the thermal expansion coefficient is expounded, revealing that the coefficient of thermal deformation is an important factor affecting the precision of moving shaft feed systems. Then, thermal errors

Mechanisms for removal of materials during the grinding process of monocrystalline silicon have been extensively studied in the past several decades. However, debates over whether the cutting speed significantly affects the surface integrity are ongoing. To address this debate, this study comprehensively investigates the effects of cutting speed on surface roughness, subsurface damage, residual stress

Considering the spatial position and shape detection properties of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) curve sensor used in the human body, the positioning accuracy of the FBG curve sensor plays a major role in the pre-diagnosis and treatment of diseases. We present a new type of shape-sensing catheter (diameter of 2.0 mm and length of 810 mm) that is integrated with an array of four optical fibers, where

Fibers are increasingly in demand for a wide range of polymer composite materials. This study’s purpose was the development of oil palm fiber (OPF) mixed with the thermoplastic material acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as a composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM). The mechanical properties of this composite filament were then analyzed. OPF is a fiber extracted from empty fruit bunches

Considerable progress in developing flat-rolled steel grades has been made by the Chinese steel industry over the recent two decades. The increasing demand for high-performance products to be used in infrastructural projects as well as in production of consumer and capital goods has been driving this development until today. The installation of state-of-the-art steel making and rolling facilities has

A surface composite layer enhances the mechanical characteristics of a surface while retaining the properties of the base material. Friction stir processing (FSP) is a method for forming surface metal matrix composites (SMMCs) that reinforce a surface with particles. In the current study, a new method entitled friction stir vibration processing (FSVP) was applied to form SMMCs on the surface of AZ91

Metal casting is an important manufacturing technology for efficiently producing massive components with complex shape. A large share of industrial castings is made from iron and steel alloys, combining attractive properties and low production cost. Upgrading of properties in cast iron and steel is mainly achieved by alloying and in fewer cases by heat treatment. Molybdenum is an important alloying

Robotic welding demands high accuracy and precision. However, robot programming is often a tedious and time-consuming process that requires expert knowledge. This paper presents an augmented reality assisted robot welding task programming (ARWP) system using a user-friendly augmented reality (AR) interface that simplifies and speeds up the programming of robotic welding tasks. The ARWP system makes

The amount of supporting structure usage has been a major research topic in layer-based additive manufacturing (AM) over the past years as it leads to increased fabrication time and decreased surface quality. Previous studies focused on deformation and topology optimization to eliminate the number of support structures. However, during the actual fabrication process, the properties of shape and topology

Cloud manufacturing is a new kind of networked manufacturing model. In this model, manufacturing resources are organized and used on demand as market-oriented services. These services are highly uncertain and focus on users. The information between service demanders and service providers is usually incomplete. These challenges make the resource scheduling more difficult. In this study, an iterative

Currently, direct braking-force measurement under dynamic conditions requires a considerable modification to the vehicles and has poor compatibility because there are many types of vehicles. Thus, in this paper, an indirect measurement method of new-energy vehicles’ braking force under dynamic braking conditions is proposed. The mechanical wheel and axle model at low/idling/high speeds is established

Pre-stressed dry grinding can result in a hardened layer on the part surface while the surface residual stress is controlled. Considering the factors of the thermal field, pre-stress, and microstructural transformation, a proximate model of surface residual stress for pre-stressed dry grinding is established using the ANSYS finite element simulation method and verified through experiment. The variation

Design for remanufacturing (DfRem) is the process of considering remanufacturing characteristics during product design in order to reduce the number of issues during the remanufacturing stage. This decision-making in DfRem is influenced by the designers’ subjective preferences owing to a lack of explicitly defined remanufacturing knowledge for designers, which can lead to indecisive design schemes

Milling is one of the main methods for processing titanium alloy. At present, the complex process of milling is usually simulated by finite element method, which often has problems in mesh distortion and mesh reconstruction. Therefore, a meshless three-dimensional milling simulation model was established for TC4 titanium alloy using the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Firstly, the established

In this paper, a predictive sliding mode control method based on multi-sensor fusion is proposed to solve the problem of insufficient accuracy in trajectory tracking caused by actuator delay. The controller, based on the kinematics model, uses an inner and outer two-layer structure to achieve decoupling of position control and heading control. A reference positional change rate is introduced into the

The groove shape of the weld faying part was investigated to obtain an ideal pipe friction-welded joint that had a fracture in the base metal and no inner flash of it. The steel pipe had inner and outer diameters of 8.0 mm and 13.5 mm, respectively, and the weld faying surface was of a basic flat shape (butt) type. Moreover, stepped and tapered groove shapes were prepared. Pipe groove shapes were welded

The precision casting method based on alumina-based ceramic cores is one of the main techniques used to manufacture hollow turbine blades. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology provides an alternate solution to fabricating ceramic cores quickly and precisely. As the complexity of the structure increases and the strength of the material improves, the leaching process of the cores becomes more complicated

About 80% of all molybdenum mined in the world (not including units recovered via recycling) is used as an alloying element in iron and steel. In general, the intensity of molybdenum use in China is still lower than in more highly developed regions such as the USA and Europe. This difference is manifest in both carbon steels and stainless steels, suggesting a significant opportunity for more widespread

To address the problems of thermal damage to a workpiece surface caused by the instantaneous high temperature during grinding and the difficulty in monitoring temperature in real time, the temperature field in the case of composite surface grinding by a cup wheel is studied. In order to predict the grinding temperature, considering material removal and grinding force distribution, a non-uniform heat

In recent years, the development of techniques for the controlled preparation of functional graded materials (FGMs) has become a vigorous research field. In this study, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of sample preparations, an automated feeding system based on gravimetric principles for dry powder with three dosing feeders is designed and realized. The feeding rate and accuracy can be regulated

In this paper, the variation characteristic of the drilling force, and the influences of cutting speed, feed rate, and workpiece thickness on the drilling force, were evaluated when drilling a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix (SiCp/Al) composite thin-walled workpiece with a high volume fraction. Under the condition that the workpiece thickness was less than the drill tip height,

Well-designed tool orientation is crucial for the quality execution of five-axis machining with flat-end tools. Tool orientation can be specified in terms of tool inclination and tool tilt angles. For a given surface path, these aspects need to be specified for each cutter contact point along the path, because poor tool orientation choice can cause large axial acceleration of the machine tool, leading

The effect of Ca treatment on the modification of inclusions in Al-killed GCr18Mo bearing steel was studied and a thermodynamic and kinetic model was established. The experimental results showed that oxygen content in the steel could be reduced from 120 μg/g to the range 5.5–21.6 μg/g by Al-Ca complex deoxidization at 1 873 K. An appropriate increase in Ca/Al mass ratio is beneficial to reduce the

This study proposed a bio-inspired motion planning approach for the reaching movement of a robot manipulator based on a novel intrinsic tau jerk guidance strategy, which was established by some cognitive science researchers when they studied motion patterns through biology. In accordance with the rules of human reaching movement, the intrinsic tau jerk guidance strategy ensures continuity of the acceleration;

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals play an important role in high-energy laser systems, but the laser damage threshold (LDT) of KDP components is lower than expected. The LDT is significantly influenced by subsurface damage produced in KDP crystals. However, it is very challenging to detect the subsurface damage caused by processing because a KDP is soft, brittle, and sensitive to the external

Owing to unorganized point cloud data, unexpected triangles, such as holes and slits, may be generated during mesh surface reconstruction. To solve this problem, a mesh surface reconstruction method based on edge growing from unorganized point clouds is proposed. The method first constructs an octree structure for unorganized point cloud data, and determines the k-nearest neighbor for each point. Subsequently

Structured complex silicon components have been widely used in solar cells, biomedical engineering and other industrial applications. As silicon is a typical brittle material, ultrasonic vibration cutting (UVC) is a promising method to achieve better cutting performance than conventional techniques. High-frequency 1D UVC possesses higher nominal cutting speed and material removal rate than many 2D/3D

Diamond cutting is a popular method to fabricate microlens array (MLA) on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); however, it is limited by brittle fracture, which is formed easily on the surface of MLA during the cutting process. In this paper, the formation mechanism of the brittle fracture is studied via a series of experiments including the slow tool servo (STS) cutting experiment of MLA, surface scratching

The type-II mixed-model assembly line balancing problem with uncertain task times is a critical problem. This paper addresses this issue of practical significance to production efficiency. Herein, a robust optimization model for this problem is formulated to hedge against uncertainty. Moreover, the counterpart of the robust optimization model is developed by duality. A hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA)

In this study, a strategy based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed to control the microstructures of a Ni-based superalloy during hot forging. This strategy is composed of three parts, namely, material models, optimality criterions, and a PSO algorithm. The material models are utilized to predict microstructure information, such as recrystallization volume fraction and