One of the greatest environmental goals for the aluminum alloys industry is generating higher quality products by introducing cleaner input materials while maintaining low production costs. A typical dilemma for the master alloy producers is the cleanness level of the master alloy since insoluble inclusions could serve as inoculants during the solidification process. In this work, commercial Ti5B1

Laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that uses a high-energy–density laser to scan through a powder bed and completely melts the metal powder. The environment inside the printer chamber, including the flow field of the shielding gas and the spatter particles induced by laser–powder interactions, is essential for product quality. For the first time, this

Current methods of fabric dyeing have a significant negative effect on the environment via toxic effluent emissions, high water usage, and high energy consumption. We demonstrate, for the first time, low-energy inkjet printing of an ecofriendly and biodegradable pigment derived from widely available spalting fungi with synthesis by-products that are fully biodegradable. Vivid and stable coloration

Plastics recycling is becoming a common action to reduce our products and processes' environmental impact, and it is of the utmost importance to introduce circular economy strategies. However, for most of the different types of thermoplastics, recycling is not currently its usual end of life due to the technical difficulties in the sorting and recycling processes. This paper presents the complete life

Due to rising attention towards environmental and ecological issues caused by mineral oil-based lubricants in machining operations, the developing of an environmental favourable lubricant has become inevitable. As environmental favourable cutting fluids, vegetable oils have acquired great attention in machining operations due to their good biodegradability, non-toxicity and less environmental pollutant

Machine vision significantly improves the efficiency, quality, and reliability of defect detection. In visual inspection, excellent optical illumination platforms and suitable image acquisition hardware are the prerequisites for obtaining high-quality images. Image processing and analysis are key technologies in obtaining defect information, while deep learning is significantly impacting the field

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) fuselage and wing panels are being increasingly adopted for aircraft to reduce the aircraft weight, resulting in a reduction in fuel consumption and pollutant emission. CFRP panels are commonly manufactured on flexible manufacturing systems to maximize profit. However, the flexibility of the systems is gained at the cost of manufacturing accuracy, and a workpiece

To make surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors more practical, we propose nanoporous Ag disks as SERS-active plasmonic structures that can be readily inkjet-printed just before use to avoid degradation of SERS enhancement. Together with the aid of the enhanced plasmonic fields from the nanoporous Ag (confirmed by electromagnetic simulation), we utilize a coffee-ring effect to concentrate

When producing a matching part for good mating with its counterpart (assembly part), good matching accuracy between the matching part and assembly part is highly required. The matching errors are influenced by not only the errors of the matching part but also the errors of the assembly part. Because the errors of an assembly part could be different from others, it is very difficult to have very good

Irradiation of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was performed by a femtosecond pulsed laser to investigate the feasibility of V-shaped groove microstructure fabrication. Firstly, fundamental characteristics of microgroove fabrication was investigated by varying scanning speed of laser and number of scans. Higher scanning speed resulted in a smooth surface without any debris adhesion. By increasing

Conventionally, the photon sieve (PS) was made of chrome-coated fused silica and quartz plates. However, fused silica and quartz plates have a size limitation due to their weight and fragility. A membrane PS is attractive since it is lightweight, large size, flexibility and deployable. This paper demonstrates the new concept of membrane PS based on cellulose nanofiber (CNF). The CNF-based PS (CNF-PS)

In the corner milling process, processing energy consumption is a very important objective, since the energy efficiency of CNC machine is barely above 14.8%. Meanwhile, the excessive processing temperature will increase the thermal deformation of the product and leads to quality decline. Improper process parameters will lead to unnecessary high temperature and energy consumption. By optimizing the

The silver (Ag) coated copper (Cu) paste were printed and sintered on silicon (Si) heterojunction solar cell via continuous intense pulsed light (IPL) as an electrode. The temperature of the electrode was monitored by thermocouple and infrared (IR) camera during IPL sintering process. To grasp more accurate temperature profile, a heat transfer simulation was also conducted by finite difference method

Hardened steel is an important material related to the development of modern industry branches. In order to satisfy the adhesion strength as well as the corrosion and wear resistance under extreme conditions, the modification of the wettability of hardened steel has become an important scientific topic. As micro/nano-structured surfaces play an essential role to induce advanced functional surfaces

As a successful business strategy for enhancing environmental sustainability and decreasing the natural resource consumption of societies, the product-service system (PSS) has raised significant interests in the academic and industrial community. However, with the digitisation of the industry and the advancement of multisensory technologies, the PSS providers face many challenges. One major challenge

This study aims to analyze the effects of dynamic motion and structural response of semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine structures (FOWTs) in waves generated in hurricane environments. The extreme environment utilizes numerical simulation data of hurricanes and is divided into low-frequency and high-frequency components based on wave-age, and a load case combining wind and wave is applied

In this work, we propose a rationally designed hybrid-bending instrument for reliably evaluating the functionality of a flexible photovoltaic–piezoelectric hybrid generator (PPHG) under simultaneously incident solar and mechanical energies. The deformation height of the PPHG is formulized and estimated on the basis of the geometric analysis of the bent PPHG to automatically calibrate the unexpected

In this study, it is aimed to determine the energy generation capability of the designed and manufactured thermoelectric system when mounted on the two-axis solar tracking system. Thus, it was possible to compare the results obtained from current study with previous study. The system used in previous study was comprised of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) for energy conversion, a linear Fresnel lens

Remarkable advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology have led researchers in various fields. The scale effects imparted by nanomaterials are associated with unexpected macroscale phenomena and properties that find many applications. However, multi-functionalization may be accompanied by physical and commercial limitations. Therefore, research must proceed in several different directions. Here, we

As a common type of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) inertial sensors, comb-structured air-gap acceleration sensors have been applied to various industrial devices and systems. Printed electronics technology has emerged recently as an alternative for fabrication of flexible electronic devices with superior productivity and eco-friendliness to MEMS technology. However, air-gap structures are hard

South Korea is a resource-dependent country that relies on the import of most metal resources. Therefore, we should save resources through recycling. In particular, the recycle rate of non-ferrous metals is very low. This is due to the limitations of the recycling technology currently in use. To overcome these limitations, non-ferrous metal recycling studies using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

In surface mount technology, development toward green manufacturing by converting all leaded soldering processes to lead free soldering process has created a lot of challenges mainly in wave soldering process which led to copper dissolution to assemble board causing it to be scrapped if not contained. The paper aims to propose a workable and practical solution to reduce extensive copper dissolution

Powder metallurgy represents an alternative to increase sustainability in the manufacturing of automotive gears, but its potential is hindered by a certain lack of knowledge on surface integrity properties that can impair the gear performance. This study explores the effects of the microstructural differences induced by this chain on the residual stress heterogeneity state of gears. X-ray diffraction

Green energy endows the utmost environmental benefits, which include electric power produced from photovoltaic (PV) systems. The minimal conversion efficiency of PV systems (9–17%) decelerates the share in the energy market. One of the solutions to increase efficiency is efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) through precise controls. Within the available MPPT algorithms, the perturb and observe

Production of fresh water based on a renewable energy source is one of the most important global challenges for mankind due to ever-accelerating climate changes. Solar thermal evaporation shows promise for overcoming the water scarcity problem by utilizing solar energy, the most abundant and clean energy source. To enhance the performance of solar evaporators, interfacial solar evaporators have been

Environmentally friendly low-cost porous ceramics are prepared with 98.2 wt% mining waste as the raw materials at 1180 °C. The glass powder forms liquid phase at high temperatures, promoting the densification of the materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the formation of mullite is affected by sintering temperature and content of liquid phase. The enhancement in densification is verified

Wind energy is a highly effective renewable energy source that can be used to alleviate environmental problems worldwide. However, the variability of wind inhibited the development of wind power generators such as limited directional conditions, restrictions pertaining to the installation sites, occurrence of mechanical failures, and limited wind speed ranges. In here, to overcome these limitation

This paper presents a soft gripper that improves on the Fin Ray finger for enhanced gripping capability; it can be used to transfer workpieces in manufacturing processes. A system that can switch between parallel and centric grips was designed and fabricated to extend the working geometry. The structure of the finger was investigated through simulation, and friction pads were designed to improve the

In this paper, we propose a unique micro multi-nozzle jet head to generate a stable column jet flow by applying vacuum suction to the side of a jetting nozzle. The micro multi-nozzle jet head was designed and fabricated to operate in both the jetting and suction modes selectively or simultaneously. The jet head includes eighteen jetting nozzles of 100 μm diameter, vacuum suction channels, inlets and

This study proposed deep learning-based ultrasonic nondestructive testing for porosity evaluation of additively manufactured components. First, porosity mechanisms according to additive manufacturing (AM) processing conditions were studied using traditional scanning acoustic microscopy and optical microscopy. Second, correlations between ultrasonic properties and porosity content were analyzed. The

In this paper, an integrated human-in-the-loop simulation paradigm for the design and performance analysis of a 6 DOF lower extremity exoskeleton is presented. An adaptive Super Twisting Sliding Mode Controller (ASTSMC) is designed for the trajectory tracking control of the exoskeleton by considering the human motion as reference trajectory. The dynamic model, that include linear and rotational displacement

Tools are the most vulnerable components in milling processes conducted using numerical control milling machines, and their wear condition directly influences work-product quality and operational safety. As such, tool wear estimation is an essential component of NC milling operations. This study addresses this issue by proposing an extreme learning machine (ELM) method enhanced by a hybrid genetic

Flexible copper clad laminate has been used to fabricate flexible electronics such as bio-inspired tactile sensor, microfluidics-based sensor, and flexible printed circuits board. Herein, the effects of thermal property difference between the component layers on the residual interfacial deformation in a flexible copper clad laminate occurring during roll-to-roll composite film manufacturing were analyzed

Flexible pressure sensors, which are employed in robotic arms and electronic skin, are conventionally prepared using methods such three-dimensional printing, laser scribing, and spray coating. However, they are time-consuming and unsuitable for large-scale production. Thus, to overcome these limitations, roll-to-roll (R2R)-based fabrication techniques have been employed for low-cost mass production

Tissue engineering has played a very significant role in the medical field with an ever-growing demand for various tissue donations. One crucial factor is the fabrication of a desirable artificial three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffold to act as the extracellular matrix (ECM), meeting the complex requirements for specific cell cultures. Existing scaffold fabrication techniques and systems used in constructing

Synthetic small diameter vascular grafts frequently fail owing to intimal hyperplasia, results from mismatched compliance between the vascular graft and native vessels. A vascular graft with a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR, materials expand transversely when pulled axially) was suggested to enhance compliance. We produced a three-layer tubular vascular scaffold with NRP properties. The luminal side

Recently, there has been much interest in applying the color changes of nano-patterned structures to sensor technology. However, the lithographic nano-patterning process is not environmentally friendly, and it is difficult to fabricate large areas of color due to limitations associated with this approach. In this study, we realized a highly tunable structural coloration based on a Fabry–Perot interferometer

A hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which consists of a battery and a supercapacitor, presents good performances on both the power density and the energy density when applying to electric vehicles. In this research, an HESS is designed targeting at a commercialized EV model and a driving condition-adaptive rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed for the HESS, which takes into account

With the increase in dimensions of optical elements in addition to ever rising demand for aspherical optics, the millimeter-scale periodic waviness that is naturally produced by machining (such as diamond turning) process in precision optical engineering has been one of the most crucial issues in the development of high surface quality optical elements. Even an extremely small waviness can affect the

Energy efficiency has become crucial in the metal cutting industry. Machining power has therefore become an important metric because it directly affects the energy consumed during the operation of a machine tool. Attempts to predict machining power using machine learning have relied on the training datasets processed from actual machining data to derive the numerical relationship between process parameters

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a novel manufacturing technology that can create highly customized products with more complex geometries than traditional techniques. Despite its significant advantages, including the freedom of design, mass customization, and ability to produce complex structures, AM consumes a large amount of energy and incurs high costs. In addition, AM suffers from long production

Hybrid supercapacitors are considered as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage devices, owing to high-energy, high-power density, and long-cycle life. In this work, a simple and low-cost fabrication method of the nanostructured anode with a high capacity and power is proposed for fabrication of high-performance hybrid supercapacitors. This is achieved by a one-step in-situ growth

This paper primarily determined the suitable technique for the preparation of WS2/C coating by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with a keen focus on the criteria of coating property, deposition process, resource and equipment. Further, some cutting performances of six cutting tools with different treatments, including cutting forces, cutting temperatures, wear mechanisms, tool life, etc. were

The natural energy crisis and the increasingly serious environmental problems have imposed all industries to reduce energy consumption. During milling process, selecting a correct cutting parameters can not only greatly improve production quality and processing efficiency, but also can reduce energy consumption, in addition, tool wear also has a great impact on them. Therefore, a milling power consumption

The pipe isolation tool (PIT) demonstrates remarkable advantages in safety and efficiency compared with traditional plugging devices. However, its utilization in plugging operations is limited by the operation duration. In addition, the existing energy recovery system has low energy saving efficiency. In this paper, a real-time control energy-saving system of the PIT was designed based on a reinforcement

A hybrid energy harvester with frequency up-conversion structures is proposed. The harvester achieves a high power output by utilizing both piezoelectric and electromagnetic transduction mechanisms. The harvester comprises a flexible substrate and two (internal and external) cantilevers. The internal and external cantilevers used for piezoelectric and electromagnetic conversion, respectively, are arranged

Powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing technology makes it possible to produce parts with complicated geometry and high accuracy. However, dimensional deviation caused by powder overmelting and dross formation is still a challenge for manufacturing thin channels. In this study, the origins of the overmelting of printed thin channels were analyzed and a concept called “melting cell” is proposed to

This work mainly focuses on the effectiveness of both rake and flank face application of the different metal working fluid (MWF) strategies such as liquid CO2, minimal quantity lubrication (MQL), and emulsion in face milling of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Modified CoroMill 600 cutter via internal channels to both rake and flank faces of the inserts with PVD coated inserts were used for the studies. This novel

Nowadays, there is a lot of environmental pollution due to the wastes generated by the industries. In particular, the waste generated by leather industries produces more environmental pollution. Chrome containing leather waste (CCLW) also causes a lot of environmental pollution. In this study, an attempt has been made to use CCLW as reinforcement with aluminium. Collagen powder was extracted from CCLW

This novel work focuses on turning Inconel 718 alloy using different sustainable lubricating-cooling techniques. Cryogenic machining (Cryo), minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and nanofluid MQL (NFMQL) were applied and their performances in terms of obtainable surface integrity evaluated in comparison with dry cutting (dry) and wet machining (wet). The surface integrity was analyzed from the aspect

This paper reports an investigation into the deployment of a thin layer of tin as a lubricant on low carbon steel tube for tube drawing process. The layer was deposited using electro-deposition technique using a green technology of citric acid based electrolyte bath. Coating layer is characterized using SEM, EDS and 3D digital microscopy technique before and after drawing processes. Experimental trials

In this study, the power performance of an H-Darrieus vertical-axis lift-type wind turbine is investigated. Computational fluid dynamics and double-multiple stream tube simulations are used to predict the power coefficient (aerodynamic efficiency) of the rotor. Additionally, the efficiency of the electrical systems, including the generator and the inverter, is experimentally investigated by a motor–generator

Improve machining processes from an environmental point of view is a hot topic currently. In this line, cryogenics CO2 is presented as a solution to substitute conventional oil emulsions. However, to be applied industrially, it is needed to control CO2 flow rate with the aim of reducing CO2 consumption to reach what it is known as ECO2-performance (economy + ecology). Then, despite currently CO2 cooling

Natural fibres have been widely used in advanced applications, especially in the automotive industry. These fibres are inexpensive, non-abrasive, environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and possess low density with good mechanical properties. The main issue in using natural fibres is their incompatibility with a polymer matrix that lowers the mechanical properties. Therefore, this research analyses

Metal additive manufacturing technologies, such as powder bed fusion process, directed energy deposition (DED) process, sheet lamination process, etc., are one of promising flexible manufacturing technologies due to direct fabrication characteristics of a metallic freeform with a three-dimensional shape from computer aided design data. DED processes can create an arbitrary shape on even and uneven

This article reports on a flexible polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a pre-bent flow field. The performances in the flat and bent positions were lower and higher, respectively than that of the traditional flexible fuel cells. The low performance in the flat position was attributed to the void space induced incomplete contact at the interface of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA)

Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is an emerging green and resource-saving machining technique jetting minute amount lubricants and gas after mixing and atomization. However, MQL development is restricted to mineral oils because of its undegradability and threat to the environment and human health. Vegetable oils can replace mineral oils as base oil for MQL benefitting from its biodegradability and