This article presents the results of experiments concerning a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/numerical analysis of the flow of air in the grinding zone during the sharpening of the face surface of hob cutters while using the MQL method. The carrying out of a simulation allows one to determine the influence of various settings of the angle of the spray nozzle on the amount of air directly reaching

High-power semiconductor laser cavities are formed via the cleavage plane, and critically influence the reliability and performance of the laser. This paper investigates both the scratching operation and the cleavage operation to improve the quality of the cleavage plane during the entire cleavage process. The scratching capability index (SCI) variable was proposed to evaluate the scratch quality of

During the dry post-machining processing of selective laser melting (SLM)-produced stainless steel with TiAlN coated tool, the elements of stainless steel chips can diffuse and adhere into the coated tool surface, causing serious adhesive wear. In this study, to inhibit the adhesion problem at the tool-chip interface, surface textures with different scales (micro-, nano- and micro/nano-textures) are

During the large-area EB irradiation, plasma generation is confirmed by collision of electrons with vaporized workpiece materials above the substrate surface due to its high energy density. This phenomenon would cause the sputtering of target material when it is set near the substrate surface. Thus, there is a possibility for coating a target material on the substrate surface by the large-area EB irradiation

The eco-efficiency of actual production processes is still one dominating research area in engineering. However, neglecting the environmental impacts of production equipment, technical building services and energy supply might lead to sub-optimization or burden-shifting and thus reduced effectiveness. As an established method used in sustainability management, Life Cycle Assessment aims at calculating

A bimetallic ring component is forged by a friction stir assisted forging (FS-forging). A cylindrical bimetallic blank, magnesium AZ31 cylinder (Mg core) tightly fitted inside an aluminum 6061-T6 tube (Al skin), is used. In the FS-forging, the frictional heat and stirring of rotating tool forge the blank into a desired shape, while simultaneously generate a solid-state joint between the Mg core and

Laser additive manufacturing has been regarded as a typical green manufacturing process. This paper presents a novel numerical approach termed time step fusion (TSF) along with the finite volume method (FVM), for fast computing the temperature field in a predominant laser additive manufacturing process, namely, selective laser melting. The solution acceleration strategy using TSF is that the entire

During the past two centuries, due to too fast growth of the human population, the pollution made by human has seriously impacts on our environment, particularly, for the CO2 emission. To diminish the CO2 emission problem, one of the effective solutions is applying lightweight material, such as the fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), to replace metal in the manufacturing of transportation vehicles. However

Living tissues in the body receive various types of stimuli, including mechanical strain, pressure, and varied chemical environments. In contrast, conventional cell cultures are processed under in vitro conditions, which are not similar to the actual body’s environment. To precisely simulate the human body environment, a dynamic cell culture device capable of applying mechanical stimulation to cells

The display industries recently demand new microscale dot-type patterns for thinner and brighter displays with high energy efficiency, which are randomly distributed with irregular separation distances and have uniform optical characteristics. We developed a new program to generate the coordinates of the controlled microscale random patterns considering their diameter and the distance to the nearest

Lean Manufacturing tool promises product quality and assures the effective way of product production and processing. This research provides continuous involvement of lean manufacturing in all stages of the production process in identifying and eliminating waste. Electrical components manufacturing involves hazardous chemical powder molding at high pressure to produce electrical switches and switchboards

The global transport sector is heavily dependent on fossil fuels as a vital source of energy. This has adversely affected the climate. This climate change necessitates that technologies employing renewable and clean energy should be utilized in the global transportation sector. To address this issue, in this study, a small wind turbine was implemented on a vehicle, such that it is able to capture the

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell has been widely studied in many fields and is being commercialized through various applications such as automobiles or distributed power generation. However, there are some fuel-cell operation stability and durability issues yet to be solved. One such problem is how to monitor the hydration condition within a fuel cell quickly and precisely for fault detection

Ti–6Al–4V components fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) suffer from high brittleness and poor toughness issues, which are largely attributed to the \({\alpha }^{^{\prime}}\)-martensite phase of LPBF products. Post-heat treatment is often carried out to improve the toughness of LPBF products, which, however, has been reported to result in a decrease in strength, abrasion resistance, and corrosion

A method based on piezoelectric and magnetostrictive coupling inverse effect to generate precise controllable force is proposed to meet the requirement of manipulation force control in ultra-precision machining and assembly process. According to the principle of magnetic flux continuity, combine with the characteristics of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive inverse effects, the working mechanism of

Colloidal semiconducting nanocrystals, also called colloidal quantum dots (QDs) afford efficient photoconversion from visible to infrared wavelength owing to their size-dependent optoelectronic properties. To manufacture the highly performing devices utilizing colloidal NCs, however, unreacted impurities should be removed following synthesis. As the scale of NCs synthesis increases, especially in industry

The affiliation of the first author, Prof. Hyeon-Seop Yi has been changed to.

One of the major issues of drilling operations pertains to the formation of burrs, which greatly influences the accuracy of the manufactured parts, and, thus, the capability to meet the desired performance of the part. To remove or prevent these burrs, their geometry must be measured accurately, even though they are sharp and irregular in shape. The accurate measurement of the geometry of a burr will

Due to the intrinsically limited mechanical properties, functionalities and structures of mineral material composites (MMCs) made through traditional fabrication approaches, there is a critical need to develop novel three dimensional (3D) forming techniques that can construct mineral material composites (MMCs) and structures with high performance and functionalities. The direct ink writing (DIW), as

Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite films reinforced with surface-modified nanoclay, maleic anhydride-grafted PP (PP-g-MA), and surfactants, such as cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) and octadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (ODAB), were fabricated by extrusion, and the effect of surfactant type used for the nanoclay and the take-up speed of extrusion on the mechanical properties and crystallinity

In order to improve the grinding wheel wear during the sapphire steep aspheric surface grinding process, a SiC-reinforced resin-bonded hemispherical diamond wheel was used and the arc envelope grinding performance was investigated. Firstly, the mapping relationship between the contours of the grinding wheel and the aspheric surface was established based on the grinding conditions. The wear of the hemispherical

Vibration energy harvesting has attracted considerable attention because of its application prospects for charging or powering micro-electro-mechanical system. Abundant hydrokinetic energy of water at low velocity is contained in the fluid environment, such as rivers and oceans, which are widely existing in nature. In this paper, a flow-induced piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) with magnetic

A process and systematic efficiency enhancement in sustainable manufacturing can enhance energy and production operations as well as the energy-related indicators. Simulations are frequently used to increase this type of efficiency through diagnosis and evaluation of a physical asset. In particular, digital twin (DT) is currently attracting considerable attention as it provides technical functionality

The paper investigates how the energy input/output of a composite plate with piezoelectric patches, acting as a sensor, actuator, or energy harvester, can be regulated by changing the parameters of the piezoelectric patches, the external vibrating frequency and the boundary conditions imposed on the host plate-layer. It is shown that for any size of the piezoelectric patches there is always one location

Human–robot collaboration (HRC) systems are being actively applied to manufacturing systems because collaboration between humans and robots in HRC systems provides high flexibility and productivity. However, the application of the HRC system in a small batch assembly is limited by the predefined operational instructions of robots due to frequent changes in customer demands and process plans. In addition

Dynamic and unpredictable market changes have brought more challenges to manufacturers. Manufacturers are required to design their production process with the ability not only to meet changing customer demands dynamically, but also to produce quality products at low cost and to stay sustainable by decreasing the emission and energy consumption. The reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) appeared

Laser-assisted machining (LAM) is known to be an innovative hybrid technique to enhance the machinability of difficult-to-cut materials. LAM is a method of machining with cutting tools after the machinability is improved by laser preheating. Most studies of LAM have focused mainly on turning methods. Laser-assisted milling (LAMill) processes, including grinding and drilling, are still in the early

Recently, the commercialization of hybrid machine tools that combine directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing (AM) technology and subtractive manufacturing (SM) has rapidly progressed. This technology trend has been developed to meet the market demand for processing quality (precision) and productivity, and to produce products such as lightweight parts, and complex and special functional

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) utilizes polymer electrolyte membrane, e.g., Nafion™, which is a perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane with many disadvantages such as expensive, low mechanical strength, low chemical stability at high temperatures. Meanwhile, graphene oxide membrane (GOM) is an excellent proton conductor at room temperature under humidified conditions. However, graphene

Aerogels have the lowest thermal conductivity (< 0.2 W m−1 K−1) among known materials owing to the presence of pores, which constitute over 90% of the structure. Aerogels have mainly been commercialized for use as a thermal insulation material for building applications, such as walls and pipes. Herein, a silica aerogel thin film was fabricated by using a commercial and cost-effective HP inkjet printer

Assessing the environmental impacts of product systems has become critical, with emphasis on reducing carbon dioxide emissions in line with the new climate change regime. Accordingly, environmental regulations have been newly issued or have stronger requirements for inducing more energy-efficient and environmentally-conscious product development. Therefore, product developers in new product development

Many studies have approved that optimising the cutting parameters is effective for reducing the energy consumption of machining operations of machine tools. However, this technique to reduce the end face turning energy consumption (EFTEC), where the material removal rate is variable, has not received attention. Besides, the energy consumed for the spindle speed changes was ignored in previous research

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have proven to be a robust power source for efficiently converting environmental mechanical energy into electricity. Triboelectric technology experienced substantial growth in the past few years, especially in the field of green wearable power sources as the Internet of Things develops. However, it is still difficult to overcome some remaining bottlenecks for wearable

Ultrasonic vibration (USV) and magnetic field (MF) complex assisted techniques are combined with low speed wire electrical discharge machining (USV-MF complex assisted WEDM-LS) to improve the machining performance of conventional WEDM-LS. Firstly, the simulation results of multi-physical coupling simulation model show that under the influence of ultrasonic vibration, the working fluid fluidity is greatly

Mixed production is a practical solution to realize the idea of mass product customization. The production system needs to adapt to raw materials of product variants appearing in the production line, and thus to properly complete the manufacturing task. Such system autonomy is a core competence in smart manufacturing. This paper presents a smart manufacturing solution for shoe sole gluing in mixed

We report on the optical and electrical properties of MgZnO/Ag/MgZnO (MAM) grid electrodes grown at room temperature; these are proposed as an alternative to metal-based grid electrodes to meet the requirement for high stability in a harsh environment. The optical transmittance of Ag grid electrodes improved when the Ag grid layer was embedded in an MgZnO grid layer regardless of the fill factor. This

During the process of metal directed energy deposition (DED), changes in temperature directly influence the melting and cooling processes, which determine the microstructure and thus hardness of the final part. Therefore, there is a certain correlation between the temperature field during the DED process and the material hardness, making it possible to predict the hardness distribution of a part by

We present a novel method of realizing instant hydrophobic and long-lasting superhydrophilic states on stainless steel (SS) surfaces by micropatterning and thermally-induced surface layers (TISL). Heat treatment of SS surfaces in the air for 6 h yields hydrophobic TISLs at 140 °C and hydrophilic TISLs at 300 °C. The result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the correlation of chromium depletion

Lower extremity exoskeleton is a kind of wearable robot and is used both in medical and industrial applications for different purposes. In the medical field it is used as a piece of therapeutic equipment and in the industry especially in defense, to carry heavy loads. This paper deals with the analysis of the performance of super twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) on tracking the motion of the

The combination of additive manufacturing and incremental sheet forming offers great flexibility in the manufacture of function-integrated parts. In this study, both processes were carried out by the same CNC machine. This offers the possibility to manufacture large-scale lightweight parts with smaller additive parts on it in one machine and clamping device. Additionally, the process combination can

Machine tools, as the extensively used basic equipment of manufacturing industry, are characterized by intensive and inefficient energy consumption. With the launch and implementation of ISO 14955-1, energy efficiency has become an important criterion for machine tool evaluation. However, most ongoing research on energy efficiency evaluation of machine tools emphasizes on workpiece material removal

A wide range of software and hardware components are present in today’s production systems and plants using a variety of interfaces and data formats for information exchange on different levels of the system. To increase the traceability, the lifecycle management and providing a single point of source of component-specific data, the Digital Twin technology is proposed, linking different data sets tailored

The purpose of this study was to develop a two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method using the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method for both the structure and the fluid to accurately predict the nonlinear behavior of a worm soft robot. Previous research on soft robots has been mainly performed by finite element analysis (FEA). However, the nonlinear behavior of a soft robot causes element

The present work focuses on a new approach to hot form hard-to-work materials by Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) technology using a global heating of the sheet. A set of trials was carried out in order to identify the optimum temperature cycles to minimize geometric distortions associated to each process stage on the fabrication of parts made of Ti–6Al–4V. On the one hand, heating trials allowed

Although Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys (NiTi SMAs) are used in a variety of applications due to their shape memory and superelasticity properties, their features of high ductility, temperature sensitivity, and strong work hardening render these materials difficult to machine. The viability of a new approach in improving the machinability through temperature control using chilled air system application

In this study, a peak shaving algorithm known as a control method to reduce peak mechanical loads in multi-megawatt wind turbines was designed and implemented to a medium capacity 100 kW wind turbine to solve overspeeding shutdown problem due to low moment of inertia of the rotor. The algorithm consists of a look-up table having an input of measured rotor speed and an output of blade pitch angle, and

High cutting temperature will lead to a short tool life and a poor machining quality during titanium alloy machining. High efficiency cooling methods are always required to reduce the cutting temperature. In this paper, heat transfer experimental platform was set up and one-dimension heat transfer model was established to get critical heat flux (CHF) used to evaluate the cooling capacity of the cooling

In the paper, a novel controller is proposed to reach better control performance for manipulator system with unknown dynamics. We notice the initial weights of neural network may have influence to control performance in neural network controller. A casual selection of the initial weights may cause poorer production quality and result in consumption of more energy. A natural way is to give neural network

We report a simple method for fabricating micro-nanoscale structures consisting of irregular microscale plateaus with a self-assembled network of zinc oxide nanopetals on an aluminum alloy substrate. The method involves a combination of chemical etching with a hydrothermal process, followed by Polydimethylsiloxane coating via a simple vapor deposition method. Following the coating, surface displays

To improve lubricating effect and reduce cutting fluid, a new lubricating method was proposed and a new cutting tool was fabricated. A micro-channel connected tool rake face with hydraulic pressure system was fabricated to continuously supply cutting fluid to tool-chip interface. Cutting tests on cast iron were carried out with the new cutting tool and conventional tools. Results show that the cutting

Abstract The current study evidentially brings out an interesting finding that the chemically inert microcrystalline diamond (MCD) coating having sp3 hybridized C–C network could produce no better result than an uncoated carbide tool in machining aluminium when the latter was provided with the assistance of small quantity lubrication (SQL) technology in an intermittent machining operation like end

Abstract A continuous roll-to-roll manufacturing process is a next-generation process for the environmentally friendly and low-cost mass production of functional printed devices. Unlike paper product printing, a thin plastic web used as a base film in printed electronic devices is exceptionally vulnerable to elastic and thermal deformations owing to its viscoelastic characteristic, which makes the

Abstract Energy consumption and machining accuracy are considered to be two important attributes of performance indicators for green operations of wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). However, there is a paucity of studies that focus on the energy consumption and geometric error caused by thermal deformation. In this paper, a hybrid technique of WEDM with assisted magnetic field (MF) is proposed

Abstract Cycle time reduction is one way to increase the energy efficiency of the injection molding production process. For injection molding, conformal cooling channels can be considered as a potential solution for obtaining a uniform temperature distribution in the mold, which results in a shorter cooling time and better quality of the molded part. However, the design and manufacture of optimal cooling

Abstract Novel green electrodes were fabricated through the combination of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and copper precursors. Electrodes were produced by a hybrid manufacturing process that included vacuum filtration, intensive pulsed light (IPL) sintering, mechanical hot pressing and heat treatment to reduce the number of junctions and flatten the components into a parallel

Abstract Diffusion of oxide ions along heterostructured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) epitaxially grown on single crystalline MgO (001) is investigated. Pulsed laser deposition is used for the epitaxial growth and focused ion beam was applied to open the lateral surface of the YSZ-MgO interface layers and to enable incorporation and diffusion of oxygen. The sample is annealed in 18O2 environment

Abstract An exhaustive study of the influence of ceramic glass material composition on the environmental impact has been performed. In order to perform a more accurate calculation of the environmental impact a life cycle assessment (LCA) was implemented using real material composition of ceramic glasses. Employing a sequential X-rays Fluorescence spectrometer, the composition of several ceramic glasses

Abstract In this study, an anisotropic constitutive model based on the non-associated flow rule was developed for anisotropic sheet metals. This model was defined in the quadratic form of the Hill’s anisotropic function under a general three-dimensional stress condition. The anisotropic parameters for the yield function were identified using the directional planar yield stresses, bulge yield stress

Abstract We investigate the effect of Zn addition on an Al–air battery at the anode. The tested Al–air battery consists of a 6 mol% potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte, a fiberglass separator, and a Pt/C + IrO2 cathode. The Zn-added Al(Al60Zn40)–air battery shows a higher power density of 48 mW/cm2, while a pure Al–air battery exhibits a power density of 38 mW/cm2. Approximately, 30 charge/discharge

Abstract Cold forming is a process which is largely employed in industry. Thisprocess may have impacts on mechanical properties and surface integrity. This paper presents a study on Surface Integrity (SI) within the context of cold extruded billets with two different materials, steel and aluminium alloys. Different lubricant oils were used in this study, and heat treatment was employed after cold processing