Additive Manufacturing (AM) has the ability to fabricate complex structures with bio-mimicry features. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), which is AM technique, has the capability of creating complex geometry parts in a short time. The mechanical properties of FDM build parts can be improved by selecting the proper printing parameters. In the present study, the effect of printing parameters viz. printing

The main operating characteristics of cylinder liner include the liner deformation and coolant flow. The insufficient coolant flow can lead to greater deformation of cylinder liner and hence worse engine performance and emissions performance. However, previous works have been done focusing on the characteristics of liner bore deformation and comprehensive coolant flow and the importance of the characteristics

This paper aims at developing an empirical relation to predict the porosity and micro-hardness, by means of High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC-10Co-4Cr coatings. For determining the coating performance, process parameters such as flow rate of LPG fuel, flow rate of oxygen, spray distance, flow rate of carrier gas and feed rate of the coating powder play a significant role. Five-factors, five-level

CP-Ti-G2 (Commercially pure titanium grade-2) has become the preferred biocompatible material for various devices mainly used in orthopedic and dental implants and it is also used in aviation and aircraft. While CP-Ti deals with good ductility, higher stiffness, and fatigue resistance. The novelty of present research work was to create a rough surface on CP-Ti-G2 through the WEDM process. Further,

This paper presents a novel hydrodynamic pressure transmission (HPT) for continuously variable drive train in wind turbine applications. The HPT mainly comprises of the continuous velocity regulator (CVR), the gear speed-increasing mechanism and the electro-hydraulic system. By controlling the CVR in HPT, the wind turbine can easily capture the maximum wind power while keeping the output power frequency

During ladle refining process, argon gas is purged into the ladle for stirring the molten steel bath to eliminate thermal and composition gradients and to achieve inclusion flotation. Operating parameters like purging location, porous plug configuration and argon flow rate primarily affect liquid steel refining. The efficiency of ladle processing is often quantified through mixing time. To optimize

In this letter, we propose a novel channel access scheme based on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for IEEE 802.11 to improve the throughput performance and connectivity of wireless local area network (WLAN). We consider a wireless network with NOMA at the physical layer and distributed coordination function (DCF) in the medium access control (MAC) layer. The proposed scheme allows the simultaneous

An excellent text recognition system requires document images to be finely pre-processed. Several conventional image processing techniques have already been implemented to pre-process Devanagari document images by handcrafting features. In contrast with these methods, a deep learning process can be performed that learns the features automatically. In this paper, we have proposed a transfer learning

In this present era, Aluminium Matrix Composites are the most hopeful alternatives to many industrial and structural applications because of their good parental and inbuilt mechanical properties. This work deals with the machining of stir castAl6061 matrix reinforced with 6 wt% zinc oxide particle sample by Wire cut Electro Discharge Machining and investigate the effects of input factors such as pulse

High performance sub-volt current mirror are widely used in building mixed-mode low power VLSI systems. The performance of current mirror is decided by its key parameters which includes large operating range, low input compliance voltage, wide swing, large bandwidth along with very low input and very high output resistances. In this paper, a design of high performance low power current mirror is shown

Ontology is the fundamental representation used to link the various concepts of each field. It is widely utilized in the agricultural sector for the classification and expansion of new data and understanding. Besides this, the agriculture ontology enables optimization of feature weights to exact text from the source. However, the conventional methods exploit the vector space model for the indication

The aim of this investigation is to develop a model to predict some most important mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg alloy and establish a correlation between different processing parameters and the mechanical properties of the investigated alloy. A most popular computational modelling tool which works based on a statistical approach known as artificial neural network (ANN) model is used in this investigation

A fluid dynamics numerical simulation is carried to study the gust characteristics produced downstream of a pair of sinusoidally pitching two-dimensional thin foils with a certain lateral spacing and placed in a freestream flow. The flow was simulated for Reynolds number (Re) = 1.6 × 105, the airfoil pitching angle = 6.9°, and a range of reduced frequencies (0.54 ≤ k ≤ 1.2). Between the two (undulating)

Recognizing the person from a sample of their voice print or speech samples is known as Speaker recognition. It is an emerging technology, in recent years machine learning (ML) based classification schemes have been observed as one kind of alternate solution for speaker recognition. In this paper adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) combined with a powerful ML classifier (Random Forest) is proposed to handle

In the present study, performance of the fabricated evacuated U-tube solar collector integrated parabolic reflector (EUSCIPR) and conventional evacuated U-tube solar collector (CEUSC) are analysed experimentally. With reference to humid climatic conditions, a 3D model is developed for comparing the thermal performance of EUSCIPR with a CEUSC. Developed model is validated with field test data and found

This article examines the stability of retaining walls with relief shelves compared to the conventional cantilever wall using limit analysis integrating with the finite element method. The performance of such walls subjected to an incremental static uniformly distributed surcharge loading on the backfill surface is accessed in the terms of the magnitude of the surcharge carrying capacity of the walls

In an ideal conditions, three-way catalytic converters have a structure that will convert almost all of the harmful exhaust emissions. However, these conditions are not valid for cold start and idle conditions. Especially in cold weather, people wait for a while at the idle speed even though it is not a good way to warm up the engine. In this period, since the required temperature to reach light-off

Air plasma sprayed (APS) 7weight percent yttria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) typical thermal barrier coatings are commonly used in aero engine components to protect against thermal fatigue, corrosion, erosion, corrosion-erosion and oxidation phenomenon. In spite of extensive industrial application of 7YSZ coatings, very few works are there on erosion wear performance and its mechanisms on these coatings

In this study, the surface alloying process was carried out by using Plasma Transfer Arc (PTA) and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) on the surfaces of plain carbon AISI 1030, 1040, 1050 steel materials. The performance of the coatings was evaluated by applying mechanical tests and electrochemical techniques. The results show that the resistance against the plastic deformation increased significantly

Despite the considerable advantages of SPSW, there were some shortcomings concerning the system. Needing huge columns surrounding the infill plate has been the main dilemma of the SPSW system. This problem will be due to high imposed stresses to columns by the infill plate. Perforated SPSW has shown a capable method among the proposed methods to reduce applied forces to SPSW's columns. In this paper

Among several factors that are having a profound impact on the overall machining process efficiency, cutting tool wear is the most significant one. Monitoring and identification of cutting tool wear state well before to its failure is important to achieve superior machining quality and profitable production. With the recent advancements in computational hardware, significant amount of research is being

In this research, the friction stir processing passes overlapping effect on AA3105/SiC is studied by evaluating the microstructural, mechanical, and tribological properties of the produced composites. The results indicated that the decrease of offset amount in different passes mediated by the more homogenous distribution of strengthening particles in the processing zone, the composite tensile strength

This study analyzes the effect of consonant context and speaking rate on vowel space and coarticulation in Toda vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) sequences. Five vowels, /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/, and two intervocalic consonants, /p/ (labial) and /t/ (alveolar), are considered to form asymmetrical VCV sequences in slow and very fast speaking rates. Acoustic analysis using first and second formants (F1 and

The effect of micro-alloying Sn (0.08 wt.%) on dry sliding abrasive wear behaviour of cast Al-Mg-Si alloy was investigated. Additionally, microstructure, hardness, and their impact on wear resistance were also investigated. It was observed that Sn contributes to the hardness and accelerates the age-hardening response of the Al-Mg-Si alloy. Sn addition also favours the formation of script-like Al(Fe

The microstructures and thermodynamic properties of MmNi5-xAlx hydrogen storage alloys are studied in this article. The structure was assessed with XRD and SEM. Pressure-composition isotherms for hydrogen absorption/desorption at 0, 25 and 50 °C were used for assessment of thermodynamic properties. XRD results show that the samples consist of single-phase CeNi5–type. The alloys exhibit second phases

A new simplification technique is proposed for reducing the large scale dynamic systems to the small scale dynamic systems by preserving input and output characteristics of the original system. The reduced order model is obtained using modified time moment matching method and basic mathematical technique. The reduced order denominator is determined by modified time-moment matching method. The reduced

Sentiment analysis is the most frequently adopted technique and is also termed as opinion mining. A numerous data is generated by the E-Commerce portals. These data will assist the online retailers for knowing the expectation of customers. From the numerous sources, sentiment analysis can process huge amount of online opinions. This paper develops a novel sentiment classification approach, named BH-GWO-Fuzzy

Electric submersible pumps (ESP) are widely used in agricultural fields, petroleum and various other industries. These pumps are designed to operate under a wide range of head and discharge. Several failures of ESP are due to vibration. Since the rotating components of ESP run at a high-speed, vibration of elements of ESP is unavoidable. The scope of this present study is to conduct a modal analysis

Landslide events are responsible for substantial financial damages, human causality, and irreversible fluctuations in the natural landscape. This paper discusses and deals with landslide inventory mapping using a digital elevation model and a knowledge-based numerical rating scheme. In this study, we have used six different parameters affecting landslides such as a slope map, an aspect map, a curvature

The analysis of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine, especially with the high power density and more efficient cooling system is of great practical significance to lower greenhouse gas, to lessen climate change. This paper gives a detailed review of advanced cooling methods and applications to the permanent magnet synchronous motors, as well as presents experimental and analytical analyses of

Firefly algorithm is one of the most promising population-based meta-heuristic algorithms. It has been successfully applied in many optimization problems. Several modifications have been proposed to the original algorithm to boost the performance in terms of accuracy and speed of convergence. This work proposes a partition cum unification based genetic firefly algorithm to explore the benefits of both

Chalcogenide Glasses are of recent interest in the field of chemical and bio-sensing applications. These are considered either in stored memory devices or in optical domain. The involvement of such material in the bio-sensing application for the development of SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) Sensors is very essential and thus, has been considered in this manuscript. In a Kretschmann SPR configuration

The effect of warm forging in the inter-critical temperature range between 705 and 844°C, in improving the impact toughness of an industrially important micro alloyed steel, 38MnSiVS6 was investigated. The impact properties were enhanced to as high as 148 J after warm forging in the inter critical range, as against 19 J in the steel hot rolled from 1200°C and air cooled. In addition, the strength was

The existing method for evaluating the derating characteristics is generally carried out with the use of a thermal cyclic chamber based on manufacturer requirements as there are no international standards pertaining to this characteristics test. This paper proposes an alternative test method which is developed for manufacturers and test laboratories across the world which can easily be adopted because

The proposed algorithm takes an initiative to justify strong ownership claims by blending visual cryptography with steganography, which is quite different from a conventional approach. The major consideration of the proposed protocol is to implement cryptographic technique in digitized document justifying Confidentiality, Integrity, Authenticity and Non-Repudiation, similar to cryptographic technique

In this study, a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of magnetite ferrofluid past a stretching/shrinking sheet through a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium is investigated in the occurrence of viscous dissipation, suction/injection, and convective heating. Using appropriate similarity transformations the governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system

The pupil detection algorithm plays a key role in the non-contact tono-meter, auto ref-keratometry and optical coherence tomography in medical ophthalmology diagnostic equipment. A major challenge associated with pupil detection techniques is the use of conventional neural networks based on algorithms, integro-differential operator and circular hough transform, which leads to inefficient use of hardware

Earthquake-induced liquefaction is an unpredicted phenomenon that causes catastrophic damages and devastation to the environment, structures, and human life. The assessment of soil liquefaction behavior is a decisive work for geotechnical engineers especially during the designing phase of any civil engineering projects. These decisions implicate tedious and costly experimental procedures and extensive

Path planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) avoiding collisions with moving obstacles or other UAVs in motion, is one of the key functions to fulfill their mission. The current work is focused on the development of sampling-based path planning methods for UAV. Under this method, standard Rapidly exploring Random Tree algorithm (RRT) is chosen, but RRT algorithm faces some limitations. Thus few

The dynamic performance of a high-speed machine tool spindle primarily depends on the rigidity between the spindle-holder couplings. The machining stability of such system is determined by the rigidity at the tapered portion of the coupled joints. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate tool-tip frequency response function (FRF) by considering the tool holder-spindle interface stiffness using

This research study presents the mechanical behaviour of new hybrid fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composite. Uniaxial compressive, four-point bending, direct tensile test, non-destructive testing and scanning electron microscopy of materials were performed to characterize the behaviour of new hybrid reinforced ECC. The replacement of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber with polyester (PET) fiber

Nowadays, due to globalization, many domestic manufacturers have gone bankrupt after foreign manufacturers’ products entering their market. Obviously, pricing on products plays a crucial role in maintaining the market share and profit of the domestic manufacturers. In this paper, a Stackelberg game using the bi-level programming model approach is presented in order to analyze a pricing problem in which

In this article, a novel approach to find out optimum tilt angle using generated and predicted solar data is presented. Here the generated electricity outputs data of the photovoltaics (PVs), installed on the building rooftops at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, India, have been obtained from the Institute for the past four years (2015–18). Simultaneously, the solar PV output data

In this article, the bending analysis of flexoelectric functionally graded (FG) microbeams according to nonlocal elasticity theory is verified. To this end, higher order refined beam theory has been used. The foundation of FG microbeam includes Winkler-Pasternak layer. Hamilton’s principle is used to obtain the governing equations based on the nonlocal theory and solved employing an analytical solution

In the production of carbon-manganese hot rolled steel strips, less than 6 mm thickness, the wound coil had a shape defect associated with coil collapse. The defect was overcome by the assessment of physical simulation of the associated phase transformations in the run out table using Gleeble. It was found that when the steel strips had a lower Ar1 temperature than the coiling temperature, the occurrence

Bhuj earthquake in India, 2001 had witnessed spectacular failures of a class of reinforced concrete multi-storied buildings termed as Open Ground Storey (OGS) buildings, necessitated by a functional demand to provide a parking space within a building plan. Due to the absence of brick-infilled walls at the ground floor, a sudden reduction in the storey stiffness can cause enormous seismic displacement

The escalating complexity in the process control industry emanates the demand for novel and advanced control techniques, which results in enhanced performance indices. A hybrid optimal control method i.e., FOPID control using chaotic state of matter search with elite opposition-based learning for controlling CSTR is proposed in this paper. Fractional order PID is a generalized form of PID Controller

The present study explores the feasibility of microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) admixed high-volume fly ash (HVFA)–bottom ash (BA)–cement mixes for manufacture of masonry bricks. The cementitious mixes investigated in the present study are cement–HVFA–PCM pastes and cement–HVFA–PCM–sand (S)/ BA mixes, both with two different types and percentages of PCM. Experimental techniques based on

End of Life (EoL) products management through crude recycling methods and direct shredding causes severe threat to environment by different kinds of pollution. The environmental benefits such as reduced CO2 emissions observed through recycling are mitigated by the direct release of toxic gases. De-manufacturing through systematic disassembly operations can reduce environmental damage but it requires

The steady two-dimensional, laminar, viscous, incompressible boundary layer flow of Cu/Ag-H2O nanofluid in a diverging channel formed by two non-parallel walls in a Darcian porous medium is numerically studied in the presence of mass suction/injection of equal magnitude on both the walls. Here, divergent flow is generated by a line source of fluid volume at the intersection of channel walls. Using

In this paper, a model is proposed to improve monophone-based connected word speech recognition for the Hindi language by utilizing the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The model consists of hybrid subword units and domain-specific syntactic structures. The hybrid units contain both phoneme- and syllable-based subword units. As the syllable-based subword units cover a larger acoustic span, contextual effects

Demand side management (DSM) program is a key feature of smart grid and extensively used for its reliable functionalities and benefits of customers on electricity bill reduction. A DSM approach based on load shifting for a typical day is considered in this paper for a hierarchical smart grid structure. Renewable energy source such as wind energy is considered here along with conventional power generators

This paper investigates an integrated supplier selection, vehicle routing, and transportation problem with sustainability factors (like economical and environmental) for (B2B) e-commerce logistics network design, which supplies the multi-product order from the supplier node to the retailer node. In this, we have formulated a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to minimize the total transportation

In this study, Dombi operations are introduced on two m-polar fuzzy sets (mFSs). Here, Dombi operation on m-polar fuzzy numbers (mFNs), some new averaging and geometric averaging operators, namely mF Dombi weighted averaging (mFDWA) operator, mF Dombi ordered weighted averaging (mFDOWA) operator, mF Dombi hybrid weighted averaging (mFDHWA) operator, mF Dombi weighted geometric (mFDWG) operator, mF

Today, for a manufacturing environment, the choice of cutting fluids is vital. The desired cutting fluid provides excellent surface quality and better tool life. In this research, a new decision support system was proposed to select different cutting fluids in the manufacturing environment. In this context, three studies were taken from the literature. Fifteen different multi-criteria decision-making

This paper proposes the nonsingular design principle, which can completely eliminate constraint/actuation singularity in parallel mechanism (PM), and accordingly designs a nonsingular redundant 2RPS-UPU+2SPS (R: revolute joint, P: actuated prismatic joint, S: spherical joint, U: universal joint) leg mechanism with RxRyTz DOF (Rx: rotational DOF around x, Ry: rotational DOF around y, Tz: translational

The main aim of this research work is to identify a suitable educational framework, which can be implemented in the institutions of a specific region, so as to reform their educational system in a contextualized way. It is proposed to investigate the impact of unpredictable events on the instructional methodologies adopted by the globally accepted educational frameworks, by perceiving experts’ opinion

A numerical investigation is performed for heat transfer phenomena occurring in enclosures with different aspect ratios, emissivities and Rayleigh numbers. Interaction of surface radiation and turbulent natural convection of differentially heated enclosures with different positions of heat source and sink has been assessed systematically. The mass, momentum and energy equations have been solved in

NiTi wire coating was preplaced on super austenitic stainless steel (904L) for enhancing the surface mechanical property. Melting of NiTi wire of 1 mm diameter formed a clad track on the 904L stainless steel substrate using the TIG cladding process. The influence of TIG current on microstructure, phase formation, micro-hardness and abrasive wear resistance characteristics of the clad surface have been