Vehicles which are the nodes in VANETs are equipped with powerful resources to enable the safe and quick dissemination of information for reliable and trusty intelligent transportation system. These resources of vehicles can be utilized for providing support to various other new VANETs applications for enhancing the driving experience, reducing the road congestions, accidents and to promote pollution-free

The ever-increasing demands for resource-saving, engineering technology progress, and environmental protection stimulate the progress of the progressive design method. As an excellent promising design method for dealing with the inevitable uncertainty factors, reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) is capable of offering reliable and robust results and minimizing the cost under the prescribed

Numerical simulations of industrial and geophysical fluid flows cannot usually solve the exact Navier–Stokes equations. Accordingly, they encompass strong local errors. For some applications—like coupling models and measurements—these errors need to be accurately quantified, and ensemble forecast is a way to achieve this goal. This paper reviews the different approaches that have been proposed in this

Due to a variety of possible good types and so many complex drilling variables and constraints, optimization of the trajectory of a complex wellbore is very challenging. There are several types of well such as directional wells, horizontal wells, redrilling wells, complex structure wells, cluster wells, and extended reach wells etcetera. Over the past few years, the number of unconventional well including

The SHM (structural health monitoring) evaluation consists to determining the modes (resonances) of vibration characteristic of the structure and each of them is represented by its modal parameters which can be obtained experimentally and can be analyzed by different procedures. In the present paper (except subsections 2.1.1, 3.1.1) the coefficients (including the coefficient of displacement) are constant;

The hidden Markov models are statistical models used in many real-world applications and communities. The use of hidden Markov models has become predominant in the last decades, as evidenced by a large number of published papers. In this survey, 146 papers (101 from Journals and 45 from Conferences/Workshops) from 93 Journals and 44 Conferences/Workshops are considered. The authors evaluate the literature

A comprehensive review and analysis of operating room (OR) theatre scheduling problems as well as a comparison of solution approaches along with suggestions for future studies are presented in this work. A detailed scientometric analysis was performed, which is a powerful tool for conducting bibliometric analyses and comprehensive reviews. OR scheduling problems were categorized into three decision

With the rapid development of Information Technology (IT) industries, data or information security has become one of the critical issues. Nowadays, Blockchain technology is widely using for improving data security. It is a tool for the individual and organization to interchange the digital asset without the intervention of a trusted third party i.e. a central administrator. This technology has given

Casualty analysis of major terrorist attacks in recent decades shows an enormous increase in fatalities and economic losses. Due to frequent terrorist attacks and failure of engineering structures under blast load, this issue has gained the attention of scientists and structural engineers. Recently, threat due to explosions is considerably raised owing to the availability of small size explosive devices

Research on wetting phenomena aims to initially understand the underlying physics and then to fabricate smart, functional surfaces with desirable wetting properties. Special attention is given to micro- and nano-textured surfaces which are expected to benefit various technological applications (e.g. drag reduction in vessels, droplet manipulation in microfluidic devices). Realizing the above applications

Suspension bridges offer an elegant and economical solution for bridging over long spans with resultant low material content and ease of construction. Classical analytical methods for the linear vertical vibrations of a suspension bridge usually ignores the flexibility of hangers and bending stiffness of the main cable, and the bending stiffness and mass of the stiffening girder are uniformly distributed

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is becoming the fourth driving force of engineering science and technology progress, in addition to the basic theory, numerical simulation and model test. In this paper, a definition of dam SHM is presented, its basic connotation is analyzed, and the general problems in existing researches are summarized. Then the sensitivity analysis of the static performance of

Availability of large and complex healthcare data is an important resource for gaining any valuable insight. An in-depth analysis is required to utilize this resource effectively. Due to this, researchers and professionals have embarked on designing various computational techniques. Network Analysis is one such technique for analysing heterogeneous data through visualizations. The fusion of Network

This paper establishes different axisymmetric and two-dimensional models for a levitation device. Therein, the Maxwell equations are combined with the balance of linear momentum. Different possible formulations to describe the Maxwell equations are presented and compared and discussed in the example. A high order finite element discretization using Galerkin’s method in space and the generalized Newmark\(-\alpha\)

Construction and deployment of finite state automata from the regular expressions might results in huge overhead and results in the state explosion problem which is in need of large memory space, high bandwidth and additional computational time. To overcome this problem, a new framework is proposed, and several intelligent optimization algorithms are reviewed and compared in this framework. The proposed

The area of social networks has kept growing and exhibits multiple types of interaction among entities. This arrangement of nodes leads to the many kinds of studies in the social network. Community detection is one of the accessible areas in social networks which developed a significant interest among researchers. A community is defined as a deeply linked group of entities. In this paper, we target

The dynamic range of luminance value obtained by natural scenes frequently extent than the images that are captured by recently developed imaging sensors. In this real world, various practical scenarios desire to attain high dynamic range (HDR) illumination. So a large number of HDR imaging techniques were developed during the past decades. But, still there exist some limitations, so we performed survey

For several decades, researchers’ attention has been directed to the need for air safety. This has been a trailing concern for the engineering community and in particular the control engineers, who, due to the complex nature of aeronautical systems have to creatively grapple with requirements for aircraft safety and comfortability, flexibility, precision, speed and efficiency based on data obtained

In the consumer electronics field, the main challenge in image processing is to preserve the original brightness. Histogram Equalization (HE) is one of the simplest and widely used methods for contrast enhancement. However, HE does not suit into the consumer electronics field as this procedure flattens the histogram by distributing the entire gray levels uniformly. Therefore, several HE variants have

The present work explores the qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis of nine recently developed meta-heuristic algorithms for the optimization of water pump switching problem. Heat transfer search algorithm, Water wave optimization, Ant lion optimizer, Symbiotic organisms search algorithm, Artificial Bee Colony algorithm, Cuckoo search algorithm, Passing vehicle search, Biogeography based

This paper introduces a comprehensive overview of the Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO). ALO is a novel metaheuristic swarm-based approach introduced by Mirjalili in 2015 to emulate the hunting behavior of ant lions in nature life. The review is highlighted the applications that are utilized ALO algorithm to solve various optimization problems. In ALO, the best solution is determined to enhance the performance

Due to non-linear characteristics of renewable energy sources, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is adopted to maximize the output power. In this research article, on the basis of state of art review of renewable energy systems such as solar Photo-voltaic, Wind Turbine, Fuel Cell and Hybrid Renewable Energy System. The investigators have gone through the various MPPT techniques for different

There is a sudden fluctuations in wind speed and change of direction that affects the generator speed thus power generation of wind turbine system, so a controller like maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is essential in tracking the maximum power out of the available wind speed. MPPT algorithm can be classified into two categories such as with and without sensor as well as according to the

The modeling of metal cutting has proved to be particularly complex due to the diversity of physical phenomena involved, including thermo-mechanical coupling, contact/friction and material failure. During the last few decades, there has been significant progress in the development of numerical methods for modeling machining operations. Furthermore, the most relevant techniques have been implemented

Advanced welding methods like Friction Stir Welding (FSW) continue to emerge along with methods for reducing the structures weight. Since the design of the structures is becoming complex, the need for welding of complicated geometries is increasing. However, finite element modelling of FSW is still limited to the flat welding seams. On the other hand, since significant thermal energy and high stress

Driverless cars and autonomous vehicles have significantly changed the face of transportation those days. Efficient use of vision system in the recent development of advanced driver assistance systems since last two decades have equipped cars and light vehicles to reduce accidents, congestion, crashes and pollution. The robust performance of the driver assistance systems absolutely depend on the flawless

The aim of this contribution is to explain in a straightforward manner how Bayesian inference can be used to identify material parameters of material models for solids. Bayesian approaches have already been used for this purpose, but most of the literature is not necessarily easy to understand for those new to the field. The reason for this is that most literature focuses either on complex statistical

Wire ropes are widely used in civil, mechanical and mining engineering. Safety of human life while using wire rope is always been a matter of great concern. Consequently, an efficient and safe performance of wire rope has always been an area of research. Fretting behaviour under repeated cyclic load in practical application is key player in performance of wire rope. Fretting behaviour is affected by

The real-time decision support system can enhance the crop or plant growth, therefore, increasing their productivity, quality, and economic value. This also helps us in serving the nature by supervising the plant growth in balancing the environment. Computer vision techniques have proven to play an important role in the number of applications like medical, defense, agriculture, remote sensing, business

Reliable prediction of damage and failure in structural parts is a major challenge posed in engineering mechanics. Damage criterion is one of the most useful pieces of information about the RC structures when subjected to extreme dynamic loads. The damage index is the numerical approach to quantify the damage following a blast or an earthquake. The damage index was used to identify the capacity degradation

Scene texts contain rich semantic information which may be used in many vision-based applications, and consequently detecting and recognizing scene texts have received increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, we first introduce the history and progress of scene text detection and recognition, and classify conventional methods in detail and point out their advantages as well as disadvantages

Structural control systems have gained popularity for the ability to reduce the structural vibration response of civil structures subjected to different types of dynamic loads. Passive, semi-active, active and hybrid control systems have been widely utilized in various types of structures. This article presents one of the most economical and yet the most effective approaches used in structural vibration

Wide research has been carried out for recognition of handwritten text on various languages that include Assamese, Bangla, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil etc. Recognition of multi-lingual text documents is still a challenge in the pattern recognition field. In this paper, a study of various features and classifiers for recognition of pre-segmented multi-lingual characters consisting

Abstract This literature review presents the extensive literature survey of various heat exchangers (HEs) for the design optimization using advanced optimization techniques concerning with various aspects. The chief objective of this work is to focus on the parametric design optimization of different types of HEs using advanced optimization algorithms and therefore only the research works associated

Abstract 3D point cloud data from sensing technologies such as 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry are able to capture the 3D surface geometries of target objects in an accurate and efficient manner. Due to these advantages, the construction industry has been capturing 3D point cloud data of construction sites, construction works, and construction equipment to enable better decision making in construction

Abstract Wind energy has received increasing attention in recent years due to its sustainability and geographically wide availability. The efficiency of wind energy utilisation highly depends on the performance of wind turbines, which convert the kinetic energy in wind into electrical energy. In order to optimise wind turbine performance and reduce the cost of next-generation wind turbines, it is crucial

Abstract Magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) materials have been receiving a special attention from the research community owing to their specialized performance and coupled behavior under thermal, electric, magnetic and mechanical loads. The possibility of prospective energy conversion means, have additionally been added to the cause of researching about these materials. Therefore, the review presented

Abstract The unmanned aerial vehicle communication networks (UAVCN) comprises of a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to build a network that can be used for many applications. These nodes autonomously fly in free space in ad-hoc mode to carry out the mission. However, the UAVs face some challenging issues during collaboration and communication. These nodes have high speed, hence the communication

Abstract Genome-wide studies provide increasing evidence of association of genetic variants with different behaviors. However, there is a growing need for replication and subsequent characterization of specific findings. In this sense, the CHRNA5 gene has been associated with nicotine (with genome-wide significance), alcohol and cocaine addictions. So far, this gene has not been evaluated in smoked

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, threatens people’s health. Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) efficacy and treatment theory, we first proposed the Alpinia oxyphylla–Schisandra chinensis herb pair (ASHP) for finding a candidate of AD treatment. This study aimed at exploring the effects of ASHP on improving the cognitive function

Abstract Mutations in TRPV4 are linked to a group of clinically distinct, but also overlapping axonal neuropathies, including Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2C (CMT2C), scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy, and congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy. The incidence of TRPV4-linked cases ranges from 0 to 7% in overall axonal neuropathy cohorts from European countries and Australia. However, the

Abstract Targeting the immune system and thereby modulating the inflammatory response in ischemic stroke has shown promising therapeutic potential in various preclinical trials. Among those, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) have moved into the focus of attention. In a murine model of experimental stroke, we explored the therapeutic potential of IVIg on the neurological outcome and the inflammatory

Abstract The hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis is the breakdown of peripheral tolerance in the immune system. However, its molecular mechanism is not completely understood. Since long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has played important roles in regulation of immunological pathways, here, we evaluated the expression of a novel lncRNA, TOB1-AS1, and its putative associated coding genes in the

Abstract The present study demonstrates the efficacies of synthetic 1,8-cineole and an 1,8-cineole-rich supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extract of small cardamom seeds in preventing oligomerization of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ42) and inhibiting iron-dependent oxyradical production in vitro. The oligomerization of Aβ42 was monitored by thioflavin T assay and MALDI-TOF analysis of the oligomers

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. The underlying mechanisms of PD pathogenesis have not been fully illustrated and currently PD remains incurable. Accumulating evidences suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays pivotal role in the dopaminergic neuronal death

Abstract An association between prolactinemia with disability, clinical forms, and sex of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of prolactin with clinical forms and accumulating disability over time in patients with MS. A longitudinal study was carried out with 101 patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) and 19 with progressive

Abstract Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, or Machado–Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), is caused by an expansion of CAG repeats, which is inversely correlated to age at onset (AO) of symptoms. However, on average, just 55.2% of variation in AO can be explained by expansion length. Additional modulators, such as polymorphic CAG tract in ATXN2 gene, can raise to 63.0% of the variation in AO. A sequence variation

Abstract Inflammatory pathways involved in blood–brain barrier (BBB) vulnerability and hypoxic brain oedema in models of perinatal brain injury seem to provide putative therapeutic targets. To investigate impacts of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH; 7.5–30 IU/kg, i.p.) on functional BBB properties in the hypoxic developing mouse brain (P7; 8% O2 for 6 h), expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BNIP3, DUSP1)

Abstract Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) occurs in a cell when transmembrane proteins are cleaved by intramembrane proteases such as secretases to generate soluble protein fragments in the extracellular environment and the cytosol. In the cytosol, these soluble intracellular domains (ICDs) have local functions near the site of cleavage or in many cases, translocate to the nucleus to modulate

Abstract This study aimed to find the potential association between HSPA1B polymorphisms and risk of paranoid schizophrenia, clinical variables of the disease, and suicidal behavior. A total of 901 unrelated Polish subjects of Caucasian origin (377 schizophrenia patients and 524 controls) were recruited. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped using PCR–RFLP (rs539689, rs9281590)

Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) consists of a group of 11 enzymatic defects which result in accumulation of undegraded glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in lysosomes. MPS is a severe metabolic disease for which only bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy are current therapeutic options. However, they are available for only a few of MPS types, and are ineffective

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that degenerates the central nervous system (CNS). B cells exacerbate the progression of CNS lesions in MS by producing auto-antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and presenting auto-antigens to activated T cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in complex biological processes and their stability in body fluids combined

Abstract Overstimulation of glutamate receptors leads to development of excitotoxicity, which is implicated as final destructive pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. Development of alternative therapeutic strategies effective against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is much in demand. Herbal drug development is emerging as a major research area for the treatment of various debilitating diseases due

Abstract Optogenetic stimulation of neural stem cells (NSCs) enables their activity-dependent photo-modulation. This provides a spatio-temporal tool for studying activity-dependent neurogenesis and for regulating the differentiation of the transplanted NSCs. Currently, this is mainly driven by viral transfection of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) gene, which requires high irradiance and complex in vivo/vitro

Abstract The soluble amyloid protein procurer α (sAPPα) and β (sAPPβ) have been postulated as promising new cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple other neurodegenerative diseases, but have failed to meet expectations with their often discordant and even contradictory findings to date. The aim of the study was to systematically explore this issue. Cochrane Library

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Figure 5a, b were incorrect. The correct figures are given below.

Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system that develops chemotherapy resistance. Previous studies showed that Allicin could inhibit multiple cancer cells including glioblastoma, but the function of Allicin in glioblastoma is still unclear. Our work aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that miR-486-3p levels were greatly

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Gary S. Laco should not be listed as an author in the author group.

We review the treatment of trimmed geometries in the context of design, data exchange, and computational simulation. Such models are omnipresent in current engineering modeling and play a key role for the integration of design and analysis. The problems induced by trimming are often underestimated due to the conceptional simplicity of the procedure. In this work, several challenges and pitfalls are

The purpose of this paper is to provide a high level, holistic overview of the work being undertaken in the wind energy industry. It summarises the main techniques used to simulate both aerodynamic and structural issues associated with wind turbines and farms. The motivation behind this paper is to provide new researchers with an outlook of the modelling and simulation landscape, whilst highlighting