Malalignment is a common complication in the treatment of distal fractures of the tibia. Numerous efforts have been made to reduce the malalignment ratio. However, the reported cases with this disorder are still high. This study aimed at investigating an adaptive design of an intramedullary nail with a novel interlocking mechanism (AINIM), as an alternative for the customary nailing, in reducing malalignment

Interacting with an in-vehicle system through a central console is known to induce visual and biomechanical distractions, thereby delaying the danger recognition and response times of the driver and significantly increasing the risk of an accident. To address this problem, various hand gestures have been developed. Although such gestures can reduce visual demand, they are limited in number, lack passive

This article is dedicated to analyzing the buckling behavior of nanobeam subjected to hygrothermal environments based on the principle of the Timoshenko beam theory. The hygroscopic environment has been considered as a linear stress field model, while the thermal environment is assumed to be a nonlinear stress field based on the Murnaghan model. The size-dependent effect of the nanobeam is captured

In this study, we propose an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based long short-term memory networks model for recognizing user preferences toward architectural design images. An EEG is an approach that records the electrical activity in the brain, and EEG-based affection recognition is a technique used for quantitatively recognizing human emotion by analysing the recorded signals. Decision-makers’ subjective

This paper presents a two-stage procedure for density-based optimization towards a fail-safe design. Existing approaches either are computationally extremely expensive or do not explicitly consider fail-safe requirements in the optimization. The current approach trades off both aspects by employing two sequential optimizations to deliver redundant designs that offer robustness to partial failure. In

In this article, the mass and heat transfer flow of Ag–kerosene oil nanofluid over a cone under the effects of suction/injection, magnetic field, thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion, and Ohmic-viscous dissipation was examined. On applying the suitable transformation, PDEs directing the flow of nanofluid were molded to dimensionless ODEs. The solution of the reduced boundary value problem was accomplished

This study develops a high-performance computing method using OpenACC (Open Accelerator) for the stiffness matrix and load vector generation of shear-deformable plates in bending using the boundary element method on parallel processors. The boundary element formulation for plates in bending is used to derive fully populated displacement-based stiffness matrices and load vectors at degrees of freedom

Hydromagnetic nanofluid flow through an incompressible stretching cylinder accompanying with homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reaction has been executed in current literature. SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes) and MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) as nanoparticles in appearance of prescribed heat flux are accounted here. Leading equations of the assumed model have been normalized through

Standards will allow interoperability among stakeholders in the upcoming super-connected world. A smart manufacturing reference model (SMRM) is under development inside JWG21 between ISO and IEC. Based on a dimensionality analysis and the skeleton meta-model, the eight proposed SMRMs are reviewed and compared. The SMRMs are classified according to the number of lifecycle axes and the number of dimensional

Good visualizations of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are key to making the best use of them. In many cases, CFD results involve multidimensional data embedded in 3D, and it can be difficult to recognize such complicated 3D shapes when they are projected onto 2D displays. A promising alternative approach uses a 3D printer to build real objects representing the CFD results. In this paper

One method for modeling geometric variations in hyperstatic (i.e. overconstrained) systems is to use sets of constraints. Different models have been developed in this way, e.g. domains, T-maps, and polytopes. In general, if the intersection of the contact constraints between two parts potentially in contact is nonempty, the parts can be assembled without interference, and their relative positions determined

Time-dependent rotating flow in presence of heat source/sink, applied magnetic field, Joule heating, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation is considered. Chemical reaction with Arrhenius activation energy is implemented. The governing partial differential equations have been reduced to ordinary differential systems. Shooting scheme is implemented for the computations of governing systems. Graphical

Boundary segmentation of solid models is the geometric foundation to reconstruct design features. In this paper, based on the shape evolution analysis for the feature-based modeling process, a novel approach to the automatic boundary segmentation of solid models for reconstructing design features is proposed. The presented approach simulates the designer’s decomposing thinking on how to decompose an

Due to the widespread of new technologies, the modern electric power system has become much more complex and uncertain. The Integration of technologies in the electric power system has increased the exposure of cyber threats and correlative susceptibilities from malicious cyber-attacks. To better address these cyber risks and minimize the effects of the power system outage, this research identifies

In the present paper, bioconvective stagnation point flow of nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a nonlinearly stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium is considered. The scaling group transformation method is introduced to obtain the similarity transformation to convert the governing partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential equations. The reduced governing

The implementation of symbiosis approaches is recognized as an effective industrial strategy towards the optimization of resource exploitation and the improvement of collaboration in the context of Industry 4.0. An industrial system can be considered as a complex environment in which material, energy, machine, and human resources should cooperate towards the improvement of efficiency and the creation

Recently, largely deformed simulation models, such as car crash simulations, have been in high demand. To evaluate such models, it is necessary to use actual deformation results to compare and validate them. When measuring actual deformed objects, an X-ray CT is useful because it is non-destructive. However, matching undeformed CAD data and scanned deformation data is difficult. We propose a system

This paper presents a methodology for the optimal placement and sizing of reactive power compensation devices in a distribution system (DS) with distributed generation. Quasi-static time series is embedded in an optimization method based on a genetic algorithm to adequately represent the uncertainty introduced by solar photovoltaic generation and electricity demand and its effect on DS operation. From

Yan, Schiller, Wilensky, Carr, and Schaefer pointed out that one of the demerits of clothoid interpolation is a jumping behavior during the deformation of the curve. This phenomenon occurs because the clothoid curve cannot have a cusp, where the curve is kinked or the direction of the curve is abruptly changed. We discuss how to introduce cusps for the log-aesthetic curve including the clothoid curve

This paper focuses on exploring an iterative method of statistical tolerance design to guide designers to select tolerances more economically and effectively. After having identified the assembly functional requirement (FR) and the functional elements (FEs) of corresponding tolerance chain, the expression of a unified Jacobian–Torsor model can be derived. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to generate

With the increasing trend of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0 or smart manufacturing, many companies are now facing the challenge of implementing Industry 4.0 methods and technologies. This is a challenge especially for small and medium-sized enterprises, as they have neither sufficient human nor financial resources to deal with the topic sufficiently. However, since small

In recent years, there have been an increasing number of extreme weather events that have had major impacts on the built environment and particularly on people living in urban areas. As the frequency and intensity of such events are predicted to increase in the future, innovative response strategies to cope with potential emergency conditions, particularly evacuation planning and management, are becoming

This paper is concerned with the investigation of variable viscosity bioconvection flow of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms over a nonlinear stretching sheet in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation, chemical reaction, internal heat source, and suction/injection effects. The homotopy analysis method has been developed for solving the governing nonlinear differential equations

A thermal power plant for the East African Rift countries is under study for combined energy and freshwater generation using geothermal water, available at above 500 kPa pressure and temperature exceeding 150°C. This article presents the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and analysis of the two-phase turbine used for power generation in this total flow thermal plant. Flash boiling was implemented

Eye tracking technology is widely applied to detect user’s attention in a 2D field, such as web page design, package design, and shooting games. However, because our surroundings primarily consist of 3D objects, applications will be expanded if there is an effective method to obtain and display user’s 3D gaze fixation. In this research, a methodology is proposed to demonstrate the user’s 3D gaze fixation

This paper presents a two-step, semi-automated method for reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) shape of the prostate from a 3D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) image. While the method has been developed for prostate ultrasound imaging, it can potentially be applicable to any other organ of the body and other imaging modalities. The proposed method takes as input a 3D TRUS image and generates a watertight