Thermal metamaterials, benefitting from ingenious design and construction of artificial structures, commonly exhibit amazing heat conduction characteristics beyond naturally occurring materials in conventional scenarios. Based on the transformation thermodynamics theory and the effective medium theory, two types of metamaterial structure devices aiming to manipulate heat flow were artificially designed

Experimental activities on wind turbine models allow to speed up their design as well as the development of robust and effective control algorithms. Intending to have large information on load distribution on the blades, this work presents an experimental setup of a model wind turbine blade instrumented with two different types of optical fiber sensors (FOS). The first one is a traditional chain of

Even though smart instruments are popular in modern industrial processes, pointer meters without computer interfaces are still widely employed in many application areas. Automatic reading recognition of pointer meters based on computer vision provides a promising solution to input the meter readings to the existing monitoring system or IoT. However, most of the current reading recognition approaches

The objective of this work is to improve the combustion management in W18V50DF dual fuel engine by determining for a desired power, the optimal values of the parameters of pressures and subsequently to map them in real time based on a power set point. The interest was mainly focused in pressure parameters, other being considered as constant. Two methods have been used, namely mathematical modeling

The application of artificial intelligence methods in fault diagnosis is becoming more and more extensive, and exploring and researching intelligent fault diagnosis methods for automobile engines is also a hot spot in the field of automotive engineering. Different machine learning methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. By extracting different characteristic parameters and optimizing the

Resources natural are limited and run out over time. The building construction sector uses a large number of nature reserves. In previous years, several researchers have attempted to formulate an environmentally friendly mortar from waste materials such as fly ash. In this study, an ecological mortar was developed by replacing some of the cement with fly ash. Various tests were performed to determine

Among the information security problems involved in Telemedicine Information Systems (TMIS), the authentication area of the various entities involved has been extensively discussed in recent years and shown a wide range of possibilities. The problems caused by the application of inadequate authentication processes may lead to the death of patients who depend on Mobile Healthcare (M-Health) services

A new polysonic wind tunnel has been designed and constructed at Saint Louis University. The flow paths and flow conditioning needs were designed by PhD students and the structural design and manufacturing were accomplished by local pressure vessel and manufacturing firms. Starting with a set of two 25 hp air compressors, an air filter and dryer system with an operating pressure range between 100–200

Recent progress in 3D printing has brought many interests in developing functional devices in various applications by enabling the exploration of complex 3D structures. This paper presents the first fully metal printed standalone 3D solenoid microinductors using a high-power laser with a biocompatible Ti-alloy. Fine powder-based 6AL-4V Eli Titanium was directly printed using an automated gantry laser

The selection for the fabrication of transtibial prosthesis in developing countries is favoring what materials can be readily available. Given numerous options, a multi-criteria decision-making process can be effectively implemented to choose the optimal materials based on design requirement without compromising the target mechanical properties and comfort for the patient. In this study, analytic hierarchy

Soft actuators are an integral part of many soft robots that make them compliant and adaptable. In many previous studies, soft pneumatic actuators were designed and utilized generally to create bending motions. Due to the limited capabilities becomes ineffective where axial elongation is required. Here, we introduce a planar bioinspired soft pneumatic actuator capable of increasing its working area

Foldable technical structures can be used to provide a temporary additional volume. In nature, a tubular folding application is the extension of the snail eye. The present study uses this approach. A transformation into a technical application is only successful if the high eversion loads are considered. The study aims to develop a method to realize such structures based on a metallic wire net structure

Sandwich composite materials are established in the industry. Polyurethane foam reinforced with spacer fabric represents an innovative solution for a core in this field. It is manufactured in the Structural Reaction Injection Moulding (SRIM). This paper describes new investigations that provide the base for component and process design when using this Interpenetrating Phase Composite (IPC). Filling

Abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting is one of the advanced machining techniques to solve the different issues raised in the manufacturing process. Machinability of the material, surface damage, profile cutting, micro-/macro-product making, production time and cost are some of the problems caused. Research on AWJ has addressed the major problems to produce engineering components under the eco-friendly

In this work, a low-voltage driven non-resonant three degree-of-freedom (DOF) eyeball-like piezoelectric actuator is proposed. Elliptical motions on the driving feet are formed from the pushing and pulling actions of the flexible displacement amplification (FDA) mechanism in the piezoelectric actuator. There are three types of elliptical movements to drive the spherical rotor around three coordinate

Superconducting technologies are widely used in modern radiofrequency (RF) cavities for particle accelerators in various fields of applications. The Superconducting radiofrequency (SCRF) cavities are highly sensitive to small perturbation on cavity dimensions. The operation of the superconducting cavity becomes challenging due to narrow resonance bandwidth on account of a very high-quality factor.

In this work, an acousto-ultrasound metamaterial-based concept is proposed to achieve high multi-tonal sound absorption at specific design frequencies and their multiple harmonics, which generally requires large and complex systems. This structure can be deployed to improve the performance of air-coupled nonlinear acoustic/ultrasound imaging by filtering unwanted fundamental ultrasound responses while

Induction Heated Friction Stir Welding (IH-FSW) was conducted using two varying parameters and two fixed parameters. The microstructure evaluation shows that the nugget zone’s grain size is smaller while comparing with the parent metal. Due to dynamic recrystallization during the induction heated friction stir welding, well-equiaxed grains were found in the nugget zone. The microhardness test reveals

Traditional coreless current sensors have multiple magnetic sensors, the same number of operational amplifier and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This requires more components and basically cannot meet the practical use because of area-effective and cost-effective requirements. In this paper a novel coreless tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) array current sensor has the characteristics of simple N-1-1

Metal hydride offers an efficient and cost-effective method to store hydrogen. In this study, Taguchi method coupled with grey relational analysis was used to optimize the design parameters i.e., diameter of helical tube (dh), major diameter of helical tube (dm), number of turns of helical tube (N) and velocity of heat transfer fluid ( V f ) for the helical tube heat exchanger embedded inside metal

The identification and imaging of pollen grains in-flight was performed via illumination of the pollen grains with three collinear laser beams that had central wavelengths of 450 nm, 520 nm and 635 nm. Two neural networks are reported here; the first neural network was able to categorise pollen grain species from their scattering patterns with∼86% accuracy, while the second neural network generated

In recent times, microviscometers have been exploited for widespread and diverse detection applications such as sensing adulteration in various fluids used in day-to-day life, diagnostics in the biomedical domain involving human bodily fluids, pharmaceuticals, and biochemical analysis. The microviscometers have the proven capability for being employed as point-of-care devices, which can be achieved

This paper describes a novel configuration of a quench protection circuit for a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) ship propulsion motor that can protect the HTS coils from an unexpected outage in its cryogenic cooling system. The quench protection circuit consists of conductor parts placed adjacent to the HTS coils and dump resistors and diodes placed in the cryogenic-temperature and normal-temperature

We studied the elastic properties of free-standing multilayered systems using finite element analysis with a rigid spherical indenter. To model and simulate the elastic response of these systems a 2-dimensional axisymmetric solid model was used. In particular, multilayered systems with a total thickness of 10 [μm] and composed by a periodic bilayer array were studied. The bilayers thickness in each

Photolithographically defined thin film Au dots were used as micro fiducial markers for digital image correlation (DIC), to enable two-dimensional strain measurement of 200 μm-thick LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanformung, Abformung) nickel alloys. Due to the sensitivity of electrodeposited films’ microstructure and properties on the processing conditions, characterization of LIGA mechanical properties continues

Finite element studies have been conducted on the (BCTZ) material fabricated at different sintering temperatures. BCTZ materials calcined at for two hours and sintered at four different temperatures viz. and for two hours were considered. The structure was subjected to base vibration and its dynamic effect was studied. Sensing, energy harvesting and actuation capabilities of the system was studied

We report the superconducting properties of the tungsten (W) nanowires fabricated using focussed ion beam (FIB) technique having different wire widths of ∼120 nm and ∼290 nm. The transport properties of these wires were measured down to a temperature of 20 mK in a dilution refrigerator. We observed hysteretic current- voltage characteristics (IVCs) as a function of temperature, wherein the extend of

In this paper, lead sulfide (PbS) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based field effect transistors (FETs) have been fabricated by using simple and low cost solution processing. The fabricated devices having channel length of 3 mm have been functionalized as a n-channel FETs. It has been observed from the output and the transfer characterstics that at the gate-to-source voltage (V GS) of 15 V

Membrane emulsification is a promising new technique that can be deployed as a scalable modular conduit for the consistent and continuous production of single and complex emulsions. This work reports on the development of a manufacturing platform based on membrane emulsification for the first time for microcapsule-based self-healing cementitious materials. The feasibility of single and double emulsion

Unlike sphere inclusion, every ellipsoid inclusion is anisotropic, but compound-inclusion composite material with random distribution of coated-ellipse inclusion can be considered as isotropic. The paper introduces the Fast Fourier transformation method (FFT) and equivalent inclusion approach to calculate the effective conductivity of the transverse isotropic unidirectional coated-fiber composite with

Hot deformation conditions have important influence on the final properties of 5CrNiMoV steel. Based on the developed high-throughput forging equipment, a combined method of high-throughput simulation and machine learning was put forward to efficiently explore the best deformation conditions for 5CrNiMoV steel. A dataset containing 960 sets of data was established, describing the average grain size

The microstructures, electrochemical, and hardness properties of deposited Ni-doped ZnO thin films on ultrasonically cleaned 316L stainless steel (316L ST) employing a low-cost chemical spray pyrolysis technique (CSPT) was examined in this work. The films were prepared at various concentrations using commercially available purity zinc acetate and nickel acetate as the precursor sources. The result

In this paper, the free and forced vibration behavior of coupled composite laminated shell are investigated by using a domain decomposition method under the elastic boundary condition. The coupled shell structure is combined in the form of a double curved shell-cylindrical shell-double curved shell, and the double curved shells at both ends are combined with the cylindrical shell upside down (figure

A variety of applications, spanning from structural or biomedical engineering to flexible electronics, require the development of materials able to withstand high load and, at the same time, accommodate high strain before failure. While strength and toughness are often self-excluding properties in man-made materials, they can be efficiently combined by nature, which provides source of inspiration for

Heat energy is applied in various equipment and the pursuit to produce equipment that has an improved performance is increasing. In pursuit to augment heat transfer in such equipment for its better performance, it is necessary to induce the tubes of the equipment by integration of supplementary devices into them or modification of their geometries, and then analyse thermo-hydraulic characteristics

Piezoelectric inchworm actuators allow for a large stroke and high precision. This paper aims to minimize the footprint of the actuator by using semiconductor and MEMS fabrication techniques to build the frame and channel out of silicon wafers. The high precision of the semiconductor processes allows for precise tolerances as well as the ability to use batch processing for a shorter fabrication time

Superhydrophobicity is also known as lotus effect which makes the water to roll off and bounce when liquid droplets resting on the surface. In nature it is used by plants for self-cleaning purpose and by animals for anti-adhesion skin. The superhydrophobic surface has been mimicked and used in the field of aerospace, textiles, power line, solar cell and so on. In this review we provide the basic theories

The paper aims to give the step by step design procedure of an electromagnetic bearing having eight pole for machine tool applications having the shaft diameter of 20 mm and rotate with the speed of 750 rpm. The mathematical procedure consists of the geometrical as well as constraints due to losses occur in the electromagnetic bearing which makes the designing more accurate. Finally, optimization has

The global performance of a structure or a system can be improved during the process of its construction or operation or end of life, with multifunction and connected elements. Concrete presents several benefits for being used in this way, in particular with integrated electronic systems. This paper deals with smart concrete through a small size example, a chess game, i.e. board and pawns, to illustrate

Gas detection has become an indispensable part of the power equipment maintenance. Because of many advantages, cantilever enhanced photoacoustic(PA) spectroscopy was studied by many researchers. In this paper, with the help of Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations with the commercial software COMSOL, we have analyzed the distribution of the sound pressure inside the gas cell, in addition, we have

Cantilevered long glassy nematic bilayer strips bend in response to light, and thus are attractive for actuation applications. The objective of this work is to examine whether the deformation can be predicted by the one-dimensional beam model as in usual practice. To do so, we consider a bilayer with orthogonal director orientations in the upper and lower layers and analyze its bending in the framework

Recent days, considerable research efforts have been emphasized on the development of lightweight, portable, shock resistance, and flexible wearable devices that are powered by harvesting energy from abundant mechanical forces or vibrational energy. In this paper, we report piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/Zirconium oxide (ZrO2)/Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite

The development of automotive exhaust sensors is generally based on a time and resources consuming empirical approach. Building numerical models to study the behavior of the sensors is therefore an important key to reduce the development time and improve sensor quality. Zirconia sensor accuracy and response are dependent from temperature, so temperature is generally controlled in the desired range

A fiber optic sensor for monitoring mercuric (Hg2+) ions in the aqueous sample have been developed based on modified cladding. To fabricate a D-shaped sensing zone onto the multimode optical fiber lengthwise polishing was utilized using a mechanical end and edge polishing system. The produced sensing region has dimensions of 10 mmנ125 μmנ62 μm (lנwנh). A 2 μm thin layer of Al2O3 nanoparticles sensitized

The analysis concentrated towards the influence of speed of the spindle along with a cryogenic (LN2) cooling technique in treating SS316 using CNC (Computerized numerical control) milling machine. An comparative study path was set and anlyised among three states i.e. Dry (Without coolant), wet (With coolant) and cryogenic (With liquid LN2) machining using coated carbide inserts. The coolant used in

Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosetting materials, especially for transformer insulation in the electrical industry. One of the primary technologies used for manufacturing such products is based on pressure casting. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations of the mould filling stage in a pressure casting process for epoxy resin casting are carried out and presented in this

Cutting fluids provide cooling at the cutting tool and on the surface of work piece, lubricate the tool-workpiece interface and evacuate chips from the cutting zone in the machining processes. The primary reason for using cutting fluid is to reduce the temperature at cutting zone and friction wear either through cooling or lubrication. To maximize the efficiency of cutting fluids in machining processes

Ability to control the structure of water- and lipid-based materials is important when tailoring their mechanical, thermal, and sensory properties in e.g. food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical applications. We present an approach for organizing solid particle dispersions and lipid crystals during their formation using ultrasonic standing waves (US-SW). We designed and built a chamber to apply

The main work of this paper can be divided into three parts: (1) An aluminium ion battery is made, the battery capacity is calibrated under a constant current, and the battery’s voltage and current data under pulse conditions is collected. (2) The influence of the hysteresis effect on the SOC estimation of aluminium ion batteries is fully considered. A model suitable for aluminium ion batteries is

The electromechanical coupling factor (K 2) is a key parameter in acoustic devices that acquaints the affect of piezoelectricity on the phase velocity of elastic waves. For conventional engineering applications, greater electromechanical coupling factor (K 2) are expected in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. This present study investigates the impact of microstructures and viscous liquid loading

This paper investigates the use of Integral Force Feedback (IFF) for the active damping of rotating mechanical systems. Guaranteed stability, typical benefit of IFF, is lost as soon as the system is rotating due to gyroscopic effects. To overcome this issue, two modifications of the classical IFF control scheme are proposed. The first consists of slightly modifying the control law while the second

A fixed-wing aircraft called Mars Airplane Balloon Experiment −2 (MABE2) developed by the authors was the subject of high-altitude flight demonstration test in this paper, which can simulate the near-actual environment of a Martian atmospheric flight. Although the flight condition is in the low-Reynolds-number region due to low density at high altitude, the wing suffers from aeroelastic deformation

The rise in industrialization and infrastructural development is increasing leading to a constant need for construction materials; however, some of these materials continue to pose a problem to the concerned environments. There is a need to search for materials that will reduce environmental degradation and ensure sustainability. Natural pozzolanic materials possess certain characteristics such that

Potential energy is wasted from vehicle vibration caused by road roughness. The suspension system absorbs vibration and dissipates energy in the form of heat. The dissipated energy can be recaptured into useful energy to enhance electric vehicles efficiency. This paper proposes a dual-mass unidirectional shock absorber with a piezoelectric harvester to assess the potential power that can be harvested

The small-scale robot using soft materials features extraordinary compliance and a large amount of degree of freedoms, but its nonlinearity in material increases the system complexity for control strategy. In this paper, as inspired by the skiing-sport, a lightweight locomotion robot with a rigid poking pole is designed and driven by an artificial muscle, a conical dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA)

AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy samples were shot peened at various shot peening pressures in the range of 10–70 psi to study their mechanical and tribological properties under dry and mineral oil lubrication conditions. The surface roughness of the shot peened AA7075-T6 samples apparently increased with increased shot peening pressure. The best bearing surface was obtained when the shot peening process was

The current research work scrutinizes the bioconvection of nanofluid flow through an expanding sheet containing motile microorganisms with the mutual upshot of heat and mass transmission. Additionally, the convective and slip boundary conditions are also considered. The study is explored under the response of Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and magnetic strength. We used appropriate transformation

The Stellite12 overlay and (Ti,W)C-reinforced overlay have been successfully manufactured on the Q235 steel by plasma arc powder surfacing and effects of (Ti,W)C on the properties of Stellite12 overlay have been studied. Microstructure has been investigated using optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Results show that the addition of (Ti

The current research paper study the effects of producing white cement using high sulfur petroleum coke (WCPC) instead of using HFO (WCHFO). White Cement production needs huge amounts of thermal units from HFO and it the most consumed energy all over the world. There are many interest to burn alternative energy sources aiming to decrease in combustion cost and secure the surround environment. Current

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and performance test of a magnetic bearing employing no active components. In this study, the magnetic bearing was fabricated using a magnetic edge effect. Four large and three small hollow Neodymium (Nd) magnets were used of the same thickness, same internal diameter but different outer diameters. Small magnets were rigidly attached in the rotor and large