We report the simulation outcomes of a highly efficient CuI/n-Si heterojunction solar cell (HJSC) by SCAPS-1D simulator using the parameters obtained from spin-coated CuI thin film characterizations. The influence of thickness and doping concentration of Si substrate as well as CuI hole transport layer (HTL) on the photovoltaic (PV) parameters and built-in potential has been explored. The optimum values

A study of the impact of dimension and temperature on a state of the art 4H-SiC power vertical DMOSFET has been carried out using drift-diffusion calculations in conjunction with electrical characterizations to extract physical parameters and doping profiles in a 6 μ m channel length device. The model presented in this paper includes the effect of trapping in the channel/oxide interface. Using these

In this article detailed electro-analytical comparison of the commercial mono-crystalline silicon and passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells has been presented that can help in device optimization during manufacturing process. This study indicates fundamental differences between these two technologies in terms of the series resistance, shunt resistance and junction quality including

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have numerous advantages over traditional foil strain gages, most notably in that they can be embedded in host materials and used to evaluate local deformation. Among the wide variety of grating architectures that have been studied, FBGs inscribed in polarization-maintaining (PM) or other birefringent fibers provide a unique, quantifiable response to strain transverse to

Limitations in further miniaturization of lenses and arrays to achieve varifocal capabilities in compact 2D/3D switchable imaging devices have spurred investigations into the use of alternative materials. To this end, we fabricated a new deformable microlens array (MLA) utilizing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel, containing 67–90 wt.% of dibutyl adipate (DBA), sandwiched between an anode with apertures

New types of antennas such as Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) antennas are being used for high frequency applications. In this paper, the development of an array of novel slotted SIW epsilon near zero (ENZ) antenna is presented. Due to the limited fabrication facilities, the study is conducted in the 5 GHz band. The effective permittivity falls to zero at the cut off frequency of the waveguide

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the CaO/SiO 2 molar ratio on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of alkali-activated fly ash with quicklime and assess the technical viability of the mortar with the highest compressive strength. Eight mortars were prepared, with a fixed sand to combined activator/precursor ratio of 3:1, varying the CaO/SiO 2 ratio from 0.25 to 2.00 every

During the last decade, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) have raised a great interest for various applications. In particular, AlN material has been used to build bimorph structures made of two AlN layers sandwiched between metallic electrodes. This kind of pMUT offer good performances for both sensing and actuating because of the multi-electrodes scheme of the design. Yet,

In this paper, shape memory polymers (SMPs) are fabricated by blending Polyurethane (PU) and Polycaprolactone (PCL). A novel method is used to make tubular stents using this blend. The solution coating method is applied to fabricate the SMP stent samples with a non-groove structure. Some metallic commercial stents made of the platinum-chromium alloy are used to compare SMP stents' the mechanical properties

A visible light photodetector made of CsPbBr 3 thin film prepared by solution process method was fabricated using a chromium interdigital structure. The device consists of two interdigitated electrodes deposited on glass substrate with 10 μ m channel width filled with CsPbBr 3 . The material was characterized by using absorbance, μ -photoluminescence ( μ -PL), and X-ray spectroscopies. The PL peak

The present work deals with comparative study on cutting performance of plain carbide and coated carbide inserts in turning of EN9 steel. The design of experiments (DOE) was done using response surface methodology (RSM) technique. The cutting parameters were spindle speed, feed and depth of cut (DOC). The combined interactions of cutting parameters on surface roughness, flank wear and crater wear were

As an important raw material for refining copper by electrolysis, copper anode plates are mainly manufactured by disc casting machine. However, those copper anode plates frequently have such defects as uneven thickness, broken lugs, porosity inside plates, and low production efficiency and low yield rate, failing to meet the demands of electrolysis for the quality and quantity of anode plates. To develop

This study proposes an alternative mass ratio definition for vortex-induced vibration (VIV) systems. The proposed definition, henceforth known as 'total mass ratio', differs from the conventionally used mass ratio definition (i.e. the ratio of the mass of the oscillating body to the mass of the displaced fluid) in that the added mass of the fluid is taken into account. Two-dimensional numerical simulations

We present the simulation and experimental demonstration of a coupled-cavity 1D photonic-crystal/photonic-wire (PhC/PhW) structure that produces multiple resonance wavelengths. The combination of several cavities results in the assembly of a spectral response that exhibits multiple resonance wavelengths and potentially leads to the wavelength control required for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)

This paper reports on the experimental investigation of bending and tensile strength of the friction stir processed TIG-welded AA5083-H111 joint. The friction stir processed joint was studied comparatively with the TIG-welded joint (unprocessed joint). The TIG-welded joint was processed using a single-pass friction stir processing technique. The microstructural analysis revealed that the unprocessed

In order to solve the problems of complicated fault diagnosis and poor fault diagnosis of vertical mill operation, this paper proposes a diagnostic method based on fisher and information entropy difference classification. By extracting the fault feature of the anomaly attribute–the maximum value of the attribute, and the possible faults can be determined according to the fault characteristics. Then

The use of optical fiber sensors has been considered to realize smart structures, which can sense and respond to environments. To develop this concept in aviation, this paper reports on a smart wing framework that senses and responds to the environment to alleviate the wing structural loads. The wing is equipped with optical fiber sensors that measure the strain distributions on the wing surface. Considering

In large buildings, linking heating, cooling or ventilation systems between themselves and to physical spaces is a very time-consuming task that requires highly skilled engineering knowledge, as all these systems are interconnected and they have a certain influence to each other (ventilation systems are often connected to heating and cooling), which often makes task of locating the sources of error

Manufactured resistors in conventional electronics are classified into tolerance groups ranging from <1% for high stability film types (E192) to 20% (E6) which are often carbon-based and utilised in less critical resistance value contexts such as current limiting or pull-up/down applications [IEC 60063:2015, Preferred number series for resistors and capacitors. One of the major identified challenges

The effect of orientation of rotors and rotating unbalance at disc on the dynamic response of rotor supported by four pad tilting pad journal bearing (TPJB) is studied. The orientation of the rotor taken has a horizontal rotor (HR) and a vertical rotor (VR). The rotor element modeled as the Timoshenko beam element with four degrees of freedom per node. The disc is rigid and it is centrally mounted

Images acquired in underwater environments are usually affected by light absorption and scattering. These are the two phenomena that reduce the clarity of images that are captured in these environments. These factors cause low contrast and anamorphic colour diffusion. To tackle these issues, we propose an optimized low contrast enhancement scheme. The main thrust of this paper borders on enhancement

Blade tip clearance is one of the most important factors affecting the performance and safety of gas turbine. In recent decades, a variety of non-contact measurement methods of blade tip clearance have been developed and applied to aero engine and gas turbine test. However the research regarding the location and quantity of measurement sensors to ensure the most effective measurement, and how to fully

This paper presents a first concept of a new biomimetic transradial prosthetic arm design, called 'MataPro-1,' that features a 3D-printed hand bone structure that mimics the shape of human finger phalanges and palm bones, flexible elastic joints, artificial muscles, and silicone flesh that covers and protects the internal components, provides restoring force, enables better gripping capability, and

Carbide free nano-bainitic (NSB) steels have a dual phase structure comprising of retained austenite (RA) and bainitic ferrite (BF). The content and morphology RA and BF in NSB steels can be easily modulated by changing the austempering temperature. This results in significant changes in the strength and is expected to influence the corrosion resistance as well. The corrosion behavior of three NSB

Ring spinning is the leading textile technology for the production of short staple yarn, which runs commercially up to a maximum speed of 25 000 rpm. Higher speeds result in yarn damage mainly due to frictional heat. To eliminate this limitation, a friction-free superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) was introduced as alternative high-speed yarn twist element consisting of a cryostat with an array

Researches of I – V -characteristics and C-V -characteristics of structures fabricated on unannealed and annealed at high temperature ( t = 900 °C) p -Cd 1−x Zn x Te substrates have been carried out. The influence of the intrinsic point defects system of the base material p -Cd 1−x Zn x Te on the interface properties of ZnO:Al/ n -CdS/ p -Cd 1−x Zn x Te heterojunctions have been studied. The above

Hard and brittle materials such as silicon and silicon carbide are widely used in aerospace and integrated circuit. They are often poorly machined owing to non-linearity in machining process and complexities in selecting suitable machining parameters and tool geometry. The experimental difficulty involved in observing nanoscale physical phenomena (i.e. in-process measurement problems, inaccessible

This paper investigates the modeling, design, and task feasibility of V shape electrothermal actuators. In the first part, the force-deflection governing expressions are derived and the actuator performance is analyzed based on these expressions. The influence of the actuator dimensions and properties on its performance is clarified. In the second part, the task feasibility is further investigated

Due to their small separation of longitudinal modes, Fabry-Pérot type laser diodes show rich mode competition effects. We present streak camera measurements of two nitride laser diodes with different cavity lengths and model them using a fully dynamic model based on the semiconductor Bloch equations, obtaining good agreement. Both theory and experiment show that the different mode spacing has a large

We report a corrosion study on Al 7075—T651 surface. The purpose of the study is to use Graphene oxide—Polymethyl methacrylate (GO—PMMA) coating as corrosion resistant layer on Al 7075—T651, an alloy of aluminium mainly used in aerospace industries. The study is done with and without GO—PMMA coating on Al 7075—T651 respectively, by varying the exposure time of material (24, 48 and 72 h) with HCl in

We explore integrated microcamera focus systems for array cameras. Array cameras enable wide field of view 90° to 360° high resolution (10–100 μ rad) imaging with small exit apertures (≈10 mm). Small exit apertures enable compact focus mechanisms with fast actuators. We show that a common mechanism supports ≈f/2.5 camera modules with focal lengths ranging from 25 to 60 mm. Designs for each focal length

A solar cell capacitance simulator named SCAPS 1D was used in the prediction study of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS), CuIn(S, Se) 2 (CISSe) and Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) based solar cells where indium sulphide (In 2 S 3 ), fluorine-doped tin oxide/FTO (SnO 2 :F) and gold (Au) were used as buffer layer, window layer and back contact respectively. We investigated the effect of thickness, defect density and carrier

In this study, a feasible approach for UV–vis photodetection using hybrid heterojunction by integrating porous silicon and TiO 2 thin film is demonstrated. The photodetector demonstrates excellent photoresponse by three orders of magnitude enhancement and fast rise/decay time constants of 0.16/0.14 ms. Under small bias (1 V), the photodetector exhibits very high responsivity up to 40 A W −1 at 532

The impedance-based structural health monitoring technique uses measured signatures changes to identify incipient damages in structures. The purpose is to perform a correlation of these changes with the physical phenomena. However, since electromechanical coupling exists, some environmental influences such as temperature changes may lead to false decision regarding the condition of the structure. As

Functionally graded beams, bars and rods have been gaining a relevant consideration in engineering practice and research, taking into account variations of the material properties either in the transverse or in the longitudinal direction. Yet existing literature dealing with analytical study of structural instability for an arbitrary material longitudinal variation is still limited. In this paper,

In an attempt to produce fuel from plastic waste, a cylindrical fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor with a capacity of 0.01053 m 3 was designed and fabricated. The pyrolytic fuel produced serves as a substitute to fossil fuel. A thermal degradation process, known as fixed-bed pyrolysis, was employed to obtain the pyrolytic fuel from the plastic waste. The operating pressure and the design pressure of the pyrolysis

This study is concerned with the design of a nonsingular decoupled terminal sliding mode controller for a class of fourth-order under-actuated uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown external disturbance. For the unmeasured disturbance, a disturbance observer with finite-time convergence of estimation error to zero is proposed. The nonsingular decoupled terminal sliding mode controller is designed

The size quantization effect in the channel of a 2D nanoscale MOSFET is studied using a self-consistent quantum method. Under this, Schrodinger-Poisson equations are solved for determining the electron density for 2D device channels from 3 nm × 3 nm to 100 nm × 100 nm. The lower dimension channels show a peak of the electron density at the middle whereas higher dimension channels show the accumulation

A novel method for optimizing fast camera parameters to sense flow dynamics is presented. A wide-field statistic of the temporal auto-correlation intensity function from sample back-scattered laser light can be obtained from the high-end fast cameras that have come on to the market in recent years. Although these statistics can reveal flow dynamics within different sample regions, these cameras can

Generally, WSNs or IoT nodes are powered by energy-constrained batteries, which significantly limit their operating lifetime and application. Harvesting energy from the surrounding environment provides a promising solution for self-powered WSNs or IoT nodes. Compared with other energy harvesting approaches, thermoelectric energy harvesting based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs) has many advantages

Spray deposition with following continuous extrusion (SD-CE) forming technique is a novel technology that combines spray forming and continuous extrusion. Optimization of test parameters for spray deposition is an important part of SD-CE. In this study, Al-20Si alloy was produced by spray forming at different melt temperature and gas pressure, and obtained grain diameter of 8 group primary silicon

A long range surface plasmon-polariton resonance (LRSPPR) based refractive index sensor (for biomolecular interaction study applications) with ultrahigh sensitivity and extremely narrow resonance dips with very small full width at half maximum (FWHM, w) is proposed. The theoretical analysis of the sensitivity for spectral and angular interrogations is presented. The structure consists of a MgF 2 prism

With substantial size and performance advantages, microchannel heat exchangers have been attracting increasing attention for various energy recovery and conversion processes. While much research and recent studies focus on their applications and performance, few studies have been devoted to the measurement and dimensional accuracy of actual microchannels in use. In this study, in-depth geometric characterization

The candle soot particles were collected from the inner and outer regions of the candle flame and their dye adsorption capacities were compared. The surface area of inner flame particles (IFP) and outer flame particles (OFP) was recorded as 48 and 88 m 2 g −1 , respectively. The coatings of OFP and IFP were found hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. The adsorptive removal of Methylene blue (MB)

Caterpillars do not process skeleton inside its body; instead, they utilize the environment, e.g., branches, to maintain the posture against gravity. This strategy is also beneficial for soft-bodied robotic artifacts, which allows us to simplify the body and control design. This paper presents a soft-bodied crawling robot able to locomote in an upside-down condition. The critical finding is producing

Influence of alumina nanoparticles in the epoxy adhesive on the load-carrying capacity of single lap joints was investigated using the finite element method. Nanocomposite adhesives were modelled by reinforcing randomly distributed spherical shaped (at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%) and rod-shaped (at 0.5 and 1.0 wt.%) alumina nanoparticles in the epoxy. 2D finite element was used to discretise the domain

This work reports the effect of x-ray radiation on In 2 O 5 Sn based Transparent Gate Recessed Channel (TGRC) MOSFET with the high-k dielectric at the sub-20 nm regime. Reliability of TGRC-MOSFET with a high-k dielectric in harsh radiation environment (x-ray radiation in the 1k to 10k rad dose range after irradiation) is the main aim of this analysis using TCAD simulation. Results reveal that HfO 2

As the development of soft actuators progresses, new methods for more agile actuator control are required. While there are hardware technologies that can provide such agility (e.g. field-programmable-gate-array electronics), mathematical models tend to slow the controlling processes. For the case of double conical dielectric elastomer actuators (DCDEAs), complex material and physical models are often

Piezoelectric energy harvesters represent a viable and well-proven solution to convert ambient vibrations into useful electric power within a number of modern life applications. Whilst a large amount of studies has focused on improving power output from these devices, relatively little research has been directed to investigate how these devices degrade over time and the effect this has on long-term

In the present work, thermal properties of hydrocarbon fuels including commercial fuels like diesel fuel (DF2), jet propulsion fuel JP5 and automotive gasoline (AG) are evaluated at temperatures and pressures prevailing in internal combustion engines and gas turbines. Properties calculated include density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat and mass diffusivity. A detailed methodology is

We present an ultra-compact strip to slot waveguide mode converter to facilitate excellent fundamental mode coupling between the strip and slot waveguide over a broad wavelength range. The design utilizes tapered waveguide geometries for adiabatic mode conversion. The taper profiles are optimized using a fast quasi-adiabatic approach to achieve the adiabatic mode conversion within the smallest possible

This work presents an electromechanical, semi-analytic model for the description of the bending and electrostatic actuation of a stress-deformed micro-cantilever with large deflection angle. In our approach, we discretized the stress-deformed cantilever into multiple sub-beam segments and calculated the external moment in each node. Unlike most other models, the external moment that attacks the cantilever

In this paper, fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in a channel equipped with two isothermal diamond blocks such as blocks filled with PCM's (during phase changing) to find out the optimum state in fluid flow and heat transfer behavior have been investigated. Different Reynolds and Prandtl numbers and different geometrical parameters such as the block size and location have been studied. The

A major challenge in designing technologies that are intended to work in direct contact with humans lies in achieving maximal coordination between the human and the technological device (robot), while minimizing interference with or restraint of the normal human behavior. This is particularly relevant to systems designed to assist in human walking. Our current study presents an innovative bio-inspired

Wind tunnel experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of turbulence on the power output of a MEMS aeroelastic wind energy harvester of approximately 5.5 mm × 5.5 mm × 10 mm in size. The energy harvester consisted mainly of a cylinder (2 mm diameter, 10 mm length) attached to a MEMS platform equipped with piezoelectric. The turbulence is artificially created via a turbulence generator

This paper documents a new design for a vertical electrical impedance (VEI) scanner that has increased VEI scanning speeds by an order of magnitude. Specifically, a new impedance analyzer was designed with improved circuitry and signal processing; this analyzer is accurate over a large range of impedance magnitudes, has a high sampling rate, is inexpensive, has low power consumption, and has a small

Nanobeams are extensively used in the arena of modern science and technology. The dynamic model of nanobeam with steps and cracks is formed by the combination of classical beam theory and nonlocal theory of elasticity. Homotopy perturbation method is employed to solve the governing equations for two steps nanobeam. The results of this approximation method are compared with the results of exact solution

When locomotives are running at high speed, under the influence of complicated wheel-rail excitation, the vibration response of the locomotive transmission system is not clear when the vital parts failure. In order to explore the dynamic response characteristics of the critical parts of locomotive, in this study, a complete dynamic model of the locomotive transmission system is established. The vibration

Cables headed with crimped lugs are often used in test laboratories for rise temperature tests to validate electrical devices. Undesired power dissipation due to the electrical resistance of crimped connections can invalidate the outcome of these tests. The aim of the work made at the High Voltage and High Power Laboratory of the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM) has been the investigation