Inspection of ageing, reinforced concrete structures is a world-wide challenge. Existing non-destructive evaluation techniques in civil and structural engineering have limited penetration depth and don’t allow to precisely ascertain the configuration of reinforcement within large concrete objects. The big challenge for critical infrastructure (bridges, dams, dry docks, nuclear bioshields etc.) is understanding

Present study is focused on investigating the effect of various friction stir welding (FSW) process variables on AA6061/Rutile composites welding quality. FSW of composites was performed considering tool geometry (Tg), welding speed (Ws) and rotational speed (Ns) as ideal parameters for multi-response optimization. Experiments were designed based on the L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

With the decline in fossil fuels, hydrogen-based alternatives provide a reliable and clean source for sustainable energy generation. In these endeavors, photochemical splitting for hydrogen production through tandem cells has been the source of much theoretical and experimental research in science. Much focus has been placed on interfacial band gap engineering as one of the most promising routes in

Variable stiffness mechanisms as Jamming Transition draw huge attention recently in Soft Robotics. This paper proposes a comprehensive design methodology for developing variable stiffness devices based on layer jamming. Starting from pre-existing modelling, we highlight the design parameters that should be considered, extracting them from literature and our direct experience with the phenomenon. Then

The displacement response of structures can provide important information regarding their behaviours. Since image-based measurements have been considerably improved in recent years, in this research, a fiducial marker-based approach is exploited and a displacement measurement technique is proposed. With this method, an industrial camera can be used to measure the displacement of a structure through

In the present study, silicone rubber reinforced with ketjenblack and barium titanate were fabricated using high temperature compression molding method. These particulate composites are characterized for piezoresistive sensitivity. Ketjenblack and barium titanate are the conducting and dielectric fillers in the high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber matrix. The effects of ketjenblack and barium

Considering that the noise in the pipeline seriously affects the accuracy of leakage detection, this paper proposes a new denoising method (EMD-BD-WT) that combines Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), the improved Bhattacharyya distance (BD) and wavelet transform (WT). BD is first designed to measure the distance between the probability contribution function (PCF) and the normalization function (NF)

This paper presents an overview of a measurement system that is designed for in-line shape inspection of metal sheet components in real-time utilizing pre-calibrated close-range photogrammetry and a CAD-model. The system is currently designed to measure parts thrown out on a conveyor belt that moves at about 1 m s−1 at a frequency of 0.5 Hz or less without fixturing. Detected features on the components

Studies have shown that mechanical stimulations can provide anabolic bone formation and counteract conditions such as osteoporosis in intact bones, as well as promote healing of bone fractures. However, many of these studies are based on external mechanical loading platforms or bulky wearable force loading systems, which are inconvenient and impractical in clinical settings especially for the treatment

Acoustic metamaterials can control, direct, and manipulate sound waves, hence, they attract more researchers’ attention in the field of automotive, aerospace, and architecture to reduce noise levels. Here, vehicle exhaust noise is investigated through finite element simulation. In this study, an improved muffler is proposed to affect the transmission loss. In the case of acoustic performance, we first

The heat-treated and artificially aged aluminium alloys of AA6061 and AA2017 are friction stir welded by employing five different tool pin profiles keeping the other process parameters constant. From this investigation, the mechanical properties of welded blanks were evaluated. The test results revealed that the straight square tool pin profile exhibited a higher ultimate tensile strength of 253 MPa

The influence of the load on the elastic modulus in a polycrystalline age-hardenable Cu-2Be (wt%) alloy with different microstructures was studied. Nanoindentation measurements were carried out on homogenized samples (α phase), aged for 1 h at 400 C (α phase with γ′ precipitates) and aged for 10 h at 400 C (α phase with γ precipitates). A sample of α Cu was also studied to compare its behavior with

The split-gate flash memory is widely used in the market, and the dry etching process has an important effect on the parameters and performance of the Floating gate. The plasmas containing Cl2 and CF4 were used to etch the top half of polycrystalline gate, and the HBr/He-O2 gases with a high selectivity to oxide were adopted to etch the bottom half. The orthogonal tests were made upon the process parameters

Shaping advanced materials such as superalloys and metal matrix composites is still a herculean task for the engineering fraternity. People are developing innovative manufacturing processes (MPs) to shape such kind of advanced materials. Electrical arc machining (EAM) is one such subtractive MP which is under development stage. The present paper discusses one newly developed advanced machining process

Reducing the cost of the synthesis process and device fabrication plays an essential role in modestly developing products. In the present report, a simple and low-cost approach for the synthesis of ZnO nanosheets and the fabrication of a piezoelectric nanogenerator is developed. The ZnO nanosheets are synthesized by hot plate assisted hydrothermal method and characterized for their morphology, crystallinity

Threshold Logic Gate (TLG) is a potential alternative of Boolean Logic circuit. It is one of the fundamental components of neural network. An Optical Threshold Logic Gate (OTLG) has been designed in this paper, using a reflector telescopic system and a resonant Fabry-Perot cavity. Threshold logic gate consists of a weighted summing unit followed by a comparator. In the proposed OTLG, the weight of

Due to the mechanical properties and machinability of AISI 1040 steel, it has a broad range of industrial applicability. The present work investigates the dependence of the average temperature generated at the tool work interface on machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The machining parameters were varied at three equally spaced levels. Experiments were carried out

Thermal error has a significant effect on machine tools’ precision. Traditional methods usually establish the thermal error model by temperature. As the temperature only describes the instant state of the machine tool, it is inadequate to clarify the generation process of thermal error. To improve the description completeness of thermal error generation process, the operating condition data such as

Offshore, bridges, steel structures, and heavy-duty equipment all use hollow cantilever beams. The great challenge for design engineers is to provide a better robust design of a cantilever beam that can withstand applied load with optimized design parameters. According to the literature review, strengthening a beam or plate can be accomplished by providing transversal and/or longitudinal stiffeners

The deformation produced after the machining of a structural component is known as part distortion. This phenomenon is a consequence of the inherent residual stresses that exist in raw materials. In this study, such phenomenon is numerically investigated in simple plate elements by considering their thicknesses and their corresponding contribution to part distortion. A total number of eleven flat plates

Investigations on the tribological properties, i.e., abrasion resistance, friction coefficient, and wear of water conditioned polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride composites were carried out in this research. Polyamide6 and polyamide6/hexagonal boron nitride composites were fabricated with the help of a twin-screw extruder and injection moulding machine. Fabricated materials were water immersed for 15

Single metal thermocouples (SMTs) have recently been developed with a new design concept of width-engineering of metal segments. In such designs, two segments of different micro-width are formed to obtain different levels of Seebeck effects. The variations in the Seebeck effect achieved from dissimilar segment width are small. In addition, the fabrication of such micro-width patterns requires special

In all the mechanical systems it is important to know the amount of friction and the actual torque required to drive the system. In this context, this manuscript discusses a simple, practical approach for estimating the coefficient of friction and the operating torque in a mechanism used for a novel bed with commode. The commode is brought in useable position by a mechanism which moves the bed platform

In this study, the powder metallurgy process is applied for the development of composite material Al/3 wt% Si3N4/4.5 wt% ZrO2 and a 3D model of the connecting rod, as per the engine specifications of TVS Apache 150 motor, is designed using Solidworks software. The model is then imported into ANSYS Workbench for the finite element method to analyse the von-mises stress, elastic strain and deformation

This paper reports ‘on the influence of multi-pass friction stir processing (MFSP) on AA6082/AA1050 dissimilar joints produced by friction stir welding (FSW) technique. The produced dissimilar joints were subjected to 1pass (1P), 2pass (2P), 3pass (3P), and 4pass (4P) friction stir processing (FSP) procedure. The microstructural analysis showed the decrease in grain size with an increase in number

This paper investigates carbon nano tube’s (CNTs) effect in the mixed-mode inter-laminar fracture response of glass fibre reinforced epoxy laminates. Laminates are prepared by adding 1%, 2% and 3% of CNTs with matrix by weight. Modified arcan fixture has been employed to generate the data for Mode I, Mode II, and various mixed-mode ratios. Loading angle has varied from 0 to 90 in steps of 15, and the

In this study, Silicone rubber composites are prepared with Glycerol filler in three different volume fractions. The samples developed are subjected to mechanical and dielectric testing. The tensile strength increases first and later decreases with Glycerol loading whereas compression strength decreases with Glycerol loading. Modulus of elasticity in tension and compression both decreases with the

Atmospheric refraction error is an important factor affecting the positioning accuracy of satellite navigation and radar. In this research, we focused on an inversion correction method based on the mapping function approach to improve the correction accuracy of atmospheric refraction error. First, we analyze the sensitivity of different coefficients on the correction accuracy in the continued fraction

This work presents a comprehensive study on the behaviour and operation of a vertical 1.2 kV 4H-SiC junctionless power FinFET. The increased bulk conduction in the channel of this topology may bring reductions in the channel resistance compared to trench MOSFETs, whose performance is limited by the high interface state density. For this purpose, finite element (FE) simulations are used to examine the

Rare-earth barium-copper-oxide (REBCO) superconductors are high-field superconductors fabricated in a tape geometry that can be utilized in magnet applications well in excess of 20 T. Due to the multilayer architecture of the tape, delamination is one cause of mechanical failure in REBCO tapes. During a mechanical slitting step in the manufacturing process, edge cracks can be introduced into the tape

This paper presents a novel CNTFET based design of ternary logics gates where all three ternary logics including standard, positive and negative ternary logic (ST, PT and NT) outputs for each gate are obtained from one structure and are interchangeable through some control inputs. Ternary logic overpowers the conventional binary logic in simplicity and energy efficiency as it reduces number of interconnects

The slot milling process has a profound effect on surface characteristics such as residual stress and wear resistance, owing to the introduction of severe plastic deformation over the machined surface. Because the establishment of enormous pressure during machining operation leads to enhance its surface characteristics such as hardness and wear resistance through a significant increment in residual

To develop an alternative test method of internal arcing for replacing sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) by air in SF6-insulated power equipment, it is important for the public safety to clarify the thermal effect of hot SF6 and air from the equipment on the surroundings. In this study, an analytical model for evaluating the incident heat energy on a metal plate by exhausted hot gas was developed and validated

Optical properties of lenses play significant role in digital holographic setups to increase their applications in several fields of imaging and non-destructive testing. In present work, we investigate the effect of introduction of lenses on quality of reconstructed images when they are placed between the object and the image sensor in digital holography. We define a range of propagation distance suitable

This paper decomposes the sorts of tubing defects into three types of single defect, namely pit-like, through-hole and strip-like defect, as well as compound defects formed by the superposition of the above three types of single defect. Then the 2D finite element method was used to model the tubing with different defect types, and the variation of MFL caused by the change of width, depth and other

With progressive advances in the synthesis, characterization, and commercialization of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, these modern engineered materials are becoming an ingredient of innovative structural materials for various applications in civil and construction engineering. In this research, MgO nanoparticles were systematically added to normal concrete samples in order to investigate the effect

The microstructure of a polycrystalline binary alloys has offers a critical effect over the creep behavior and its characteristics, due to its vital role over the diffusion behavior of various atoms through the grain boundaries which leads to alter its mechanical and creep characteristics. In this study, the creep behavior of nickel-chromium binary alloy has been computed under compression mode under

Conventional white-light scanning interferometers cannot measure exactly large thickness of glass plates because of a great dispersion effect. In this paper a compensation glass plate is used to reduce the dispersion effect. Moreover, a fixed reference surface is added behind the object and four-step measurements are performed. By this method a front surface profile and a thickness distribution of

Fabrication of optical components such as passive optics (mirrors, prisms, lenses) or active optics (polarizer’s, laser gain media, adaptive optics) starts from a bulk material and reaches to the required size and shape. To achieve the required specification of the component, a series of process has to be followed from grinding to polishing stage. Initially, in grinding stage, material removal is faster

Due to the high strength to the weight ratio and the ability to form the desired shape, AA2017 is extensively used in the automobile industry. The ability to join with other aluminum alloys and the capability to respond to the heat treatment creates opportunities for the engineers to join AA2017 and AA6061 blanks using friction stir welding. Controlling process parameters is a challenge and optimization

Magnetic field sensors are an integral part of many industrial and biomedical applications, and their utilization continues to grow at a high rate. The development is driven both by new use cases and demand like internet of things as well as by new technologies and capabilities like flexible and stretchable devices. Magnetic field sensors exploit different physical principles for their operation, resulting

The design and simulation of a Linear Variable Optical Filter (LVOF) for the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) 450–900 nm region is described in this paper. The LVOF is designed and simulated using an all-dielectric and metal-dielectric-based induced transmission filter. We compared the design approaches based on all-dielectric and metal-dielectric filters in this paper. The LVOF filter based on the

This paper demonstrates a real-time process monitoring and control framework for the implementation of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing. For a case study, friction stir welding (FSW) has been selected owing to its extensive usage of welding in various manufacturing sectors. Force data has been collected online during the welding and sent to a cloud server enabling telewelding. It is processed through

The Rayleigh–Taylor instability in metal is of great practical interest to a diverse range of fields, and it is significantly different from the traditional fluid interface instability. In this paper, a set of high explosives driven Rayleigh–Taylor instability experiments in copper plate are presented for intensively understanding the perturbation growth behavior of metal interface instability. The

Thermal metamaterials, benefitting from ingenious design and construction of artificial structures, commonly exhibit amazing heat conduction characteristics beyond naturally occurring materials in conventional scenarios. Based on the transformation thermodynamics theory and the effective medium theory, two types of metamaterial structure devices aiming to manipulate heat flow were artificially designed

Experimental activities on wind turbine models allow to speed up their design as well as the development of robust and effective control algorithms. Intending to have large information on load distribution on the blades, this work presents an experimental setup of a model wind turbine blade instrumented with two different types of optical fiber sensors (FOS). The first one is a traditional chain of

Even though smart instruments are popular in modern industrial processes, pointer meters without computer interfaces are still widely employed in many application areas. Automatic reading recognition of pointer meters based on computer vision provides a promising solution to input the meter readings to the existing monitoring system or IoT. However, most of the current reading recognition approaches

The objective of this work is to improve the combustion management in W18V50DF dual fuel engine by determining for a desired power, the optimal values of the parameters of pressures and subsequently to map them in real time based on a power set point. The interest was mainly focused in pressure parameters, other being considered as constant. Two methods have been used, namely mathematical modeling

The application of artificial intelligence methods in fault diagnosis is becoming more and more extensive, and exploring and researching intelligent fault diagnosis methods for automobile engines is also a hot spot in the field of automotive engineering. Different machine learning methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. By extracting different characteristic parameters and optimizing the

Resources natural are limited and run out over time. The building construction sector uses a large number of nature reserves. In previous years, several researchers have attempted to formulate an environmentally friendly mortar from waste materials such as fly ash. In this study, an ecological mortar was developed by replacing some of the cement with fly ash. Various tests were performed to determine

Among the information security problems involved in Telemedicine Information Systems (TMIS), the authentication area of the various entities involved has been extensively discussed in recent years and shown a wide range of possibilities. The problems caused by the application of inadequate authentication processes may lead to the death of patients who depend on Mobile Healthcare (M-Health) services

A new polysonic wind tunnel has been designed and constructed at Saint Louis University. The flow paths and flow conditioning needs were designed by PhD students and the structural design and manufacturing were accomplished by local pressure vessel and manufacturing firms. Starting with a set of two 25 hp air compressors, an air filter and dryer system with an operating pressure range between 100–200

Recent progress in 3D printing has brought many interests in developing functional devices in various applications by enabling the exploration of complex 3D structures. This paper presents the first fully metal printed standalone 3D solenoid microinductors using a high-power laser with a biocompatible Ti-alloy. Fine powder-based 6AL-4V Eli Titanium was directly printed using an automated gantry laser

The selection for the fabrication of transtibial prosthesis in developing countries is favoring what materials can be readily available. Given numerous options, a multi-criteria decision-making process can be effectively implemented to choose the optimal materials based on design requirement without compromising the target mechanical properties and comfort for the patient. In this study, analytic hierarchy

Soft actuators are an integral part of many soft robots that make them compliant and adaptable. In many previous studies, soft pneumatic actuators were designed and utilized generally to create bending motions. Due to the limited capabilities becomes ineffective where axial elongation is required. Here, we introduce a planar bioinspired soft pneumatic actuator capable of increasing its working area

Foldable technical structures can be used to provide a temporary additional volume. In nature, a tubular folding application is the extension of the snail eye. The present study uses this approach. A transformation into a technical application is only successful if the high eversion loads are considered. The study aims to develop a method to realize such structures based on a metallic wire net structure

Sandwich composite materials are established in the industry. Polyurethane foam reinforced with spacer fabric represents an innovative solution for a core in this field. It is manufactured in the Structural Reaction Injection Moulding (SRIM). This paper describes new investigations that provide the base for component and process design when using this Interpenetrating Phase Composite (IPC). Filling

Abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting is one of the advanced machining techniques to solve the different issues raised in the manufacturing process. Machinability of the material, surface damage, profile cutting, micro-/macro-product making, production time and cost are some of the problems caused. Research on AWJ has addressed the major problems to produce engineering components under the eco-friendly

In this work, a low-voltage driven non-resonant three degree-of-freedom (DOF) eyeball-like piezoelectric actuator is proposed. Elliptical motions on the driving feet are formed from the pushing and pulling actions of the flexible displacement amplification (FDA) mechanism in the piezoelectric actuator. There are three types of elliptical movements to drive the spherical rotor around three coordinate

Superconducting technologies are widely used in modern radiofrequency (RF) cavities for particle accelerators in various fields of applications. The Superconducting radiofrequency (SCRF) cavities are highly sensitive to small perturbation on cavity dimensions. The operation of the superconducting cavity becomes challenging due to narrow resonance bandwidth on account of a very high-quality factor.