Stepper motors are used in robotic applications, industrial machines, and many different application areas. Mechanical resonance problems occur in the control of stepper motors at low speeds. In the control of robotic systems with nonlinear characteristics, conventional control methods are inadequate. Single link manipulators are the most basic structure used in the identification and control of the

Water injection is one of the promising strategies for modern downsized GDI engines to meet performance and emission requirements under wide operating conditions. However, the benefits of water injection strongly depend upon water evaporation and distribution of water vapours inside the combustion chamber. In this regard, water injector location and orientation are two significant geometrical parameters

The analysis of laterally loaded pile is complex due to its site specific behaviour. Whereas most of the analytical methods provides only a generalized solution to it. Behaviour of piles in clay depends on site specific factors like subsoil condition, type of super-structure and the load transfer from it, construction duration and ground improvement process. The present study deals with the assessment

The importance of the distribution network is not overlooked by anyone. The transformer is one of the key equipment in this network. Therefore, great care and attention are needed in its design, maintenance and operation. Most of the oil-immersed distribution transformers are operated under solar radiation conditions. However, increasing the oil temperature due to solar radiation is not considered

Temperature heterogeneity in the refrigerated cold room promotes food degradation and losses and governs by the airflow field. Achieving the temperature homogeneity of fruits at various locations in the cold room is challenging due to the effect of operating and design variables. This study presents the experimental investigation of airflow field, temperature characteristics (fruits and air), convective

Due to varying structure, random load demands, nonlinearities, parameters ambiguity, steadily escalating size and intricacy of the interconnected power system (IPS), automatic generation control (AGC) is treated as one of the biggest crucial issues in IPS. Hence, expert, intelligent and robust control scheme is indispensable for stable operation of IPS and supply of electricity under sudden load demand

The train wheel is one of the elements most exposed to static and dynamic loads during the transport. For this reason, it is of great importance for the safety of rail transportation that the wheel-axle assembly is carried out securely through the shrink-fit method. The surface roughness of the inner diameter of the wheel must be within 0.8–3.2 μm in order to provide the optimum shrink-fit. In this

Recent scientific studies have noted that the seminal quality of males is significantly decreasing due to lifestyle and environmental factors. Clinical diagnosis of sperm quality is one important aspect of identifying the potential of semen for the occurrence of pregnancy. Due to the advances in machine learning algorithms, especially the reliable and high classification accuracy of neural network

Sulphate-induced heaving in soils is a common problem caused mostly by the use of calcium-based binders in the stabilisation of sulphate-bearing soils. Sulphate-induced heaving is attributed to precipitation and growth of ettringite minerals in a high alkaline environment. A sustainable means of reducing sulphate-induced heaving by the addition of an additive called “RoadCem” (RC) to soils stabilised

In this paper, the effect of mobility and active layer thickness on the properties of bulk heterojunction solar cells have been investigated using the drift-diffusion model. It was observed that open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency are affected by two loss mechanisms. The recombination of charge carriers in wrong contacts destroys photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the bulk recombination

Numerous issues are yet to be discovered about the small tandem rotor aerodynamics in the vicinity of ground. In this paper, a multipurpose test rig has been used to test outwash patterns of a sub-scale model of a generic tandem rotor helicopter in ground effect using two total-static rakes at different positions ahead and aft of the rotor(s). The results showed that in tandem rotor, the change in

Next generation wireless systems are supposed to handle high amount of data with broader coverage and high quality of service (QoS). When a signal travels from a source to destination, the signal quality may suffer from the fading, which makes it difficult to receive correct messages. To handle the impact of fading, various diversity techniques are performed with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

This paper proposes Henry gas solubility optimization with opposition-based learning (OBL/HGO) as a novel optimization approach for DC motor speed regulation. The proposed approach was used to obtain the best parameters (proportional, integral, derivative) of PID controller by minimizing the integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) as the objective function. The optimized controller was used

The design of a production line directly affects the system performance which is usually measured by its throughput. The problem involving determination of the optimal capacity and location of the buffers in a production line is known as the buffer allocation problem (BAP). Due to the difficulties such as the NP-hard structure of the problem and not being able to be defined the throughput of the line

In human-populated environments, robot navigation requires more than mere obstacle avoidance for safe and comfortable human-robot interaction. Socially aware navigation approaches become vital for deploying mobile service robots in human interactive environments, where the robot operates in interaction with human implicitly or explicitly. These approaches aim to generate human-friendly paths in human-robot

Micro milling is a common process for micro structuring component surfaces, e.g. for manufacturing material measures that are applied for the calibration of areal surface topography measuring instruments. In this study, the surface topography of material measures is investigated using various evaluation approaches (integral approach, correlation analysis, Fourier analysis). In doing so, confocal microscope

In this paper, Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based methods are employed on line to monitor the deviation in electrical quantities of the power system integrated with distributed generation. HHT employs an Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method i.e. decomposition of the signal into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) in such a way that they are sorted from the highest

In this study, an improved version of artificial electric field (AEF) algorithm, named as opposition-based AEF (ObAEF), has been proposed for the first time ever to tune a fractional order PID (FOPID) controller used in a magnetic ball suspension system. The basic AEF algorithm is a novel physics-inspired, population-based meta-heuristic optimization method that mathematically mimics Coulomb’s electrostatic

In this study, we analyzed the optimal location and sizing of distributed generators (DGs) in radial distributed networks using a hybrid master-slave metaheuristic technique. The master stage corresponds to the selection of suitable points for the locations of the DGs, whereas the slave stage is the optimal dimensioning problem. The Chu-Beasley genetic algorithm (CBGA) is employed to solve the master

Segmentation of blood vessels becomes an initial critical step in medical imaging because it is a key item for the diagnosis of many diseases in different fields including ophthalmology, neurosurgery, oncology, cardiology and laryngology. An automated tool for vessel segmentation can assist clinicians and contribute to patient treatment scheduling. However, it is still a challenging problem due to

Sliding tribocorrosion behaviours of AISI 316 stainless steel were investigated against alumina ball in natural seawater environment (SWE) under 5 N loads. OCP (open circuit potential), potentiostatic (−1 V and 0.3 V) and potentiodynamic measurements were enforced to understand the influence of the sliding wear and electrochemical potential on tribocorrosion behaviours of AISI 316 stainless steel in

In this paper, the free vibration characteristics of functionally graded double-beam system (FGDBS) elastically connected by an elastic layer with uniform elastic stiffness under arbitrary boundary conditions are investigated. It is assumption that the material distribution properties of the individual beams of FGDBS depends on different four-parameters. Timoshenko beam theory in which the effects

Nowadays, the softwarization and virtualization of resources and services rapidly continue, and along with reading and writing, programming is going to be one of the basic human ability. Thus, the detection of skilled programmers at an early age has become important for economies to strengthen their workforce and compete globally. The current technological momentum shows that when the middle school

The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate thermal performance of Two Phase Closed Thermosyphon (TPCT) using nanofluid containing CuO nanoparticles at a mass concentration of 1% and 2% wt. For this purpose, an experimental setup was designed and manufactured which contains a copper pipe, 100 cm in length and 18 mm in the inner diameter. TPCT consists of three sections: the evaporator

A monitoring mechanism is vital for detecting malicious attacks against cyber systems. Detecting denial of service (DOS) and distributed DOS (DDOS) is one of the most important security challenges facing network technologies. This paper introduces a reliable detection mechanism based on the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) statistical metric and exponentially smoothing (ES) scheme for enabling

Contamination of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals due to natural blinking electrooculogram (EOG) signals is often removed to enhance the quality of EEG signals. This paper discusses the possibility of using solely involuntary blinking signals for human authentication. The EEG data of 46 subjects were recorded while the subject was looking at a sequence of different pictures. During the experiment

Artificial Neural Networks are commonly used to solve problems in many areas, such as classification, pattern recognition, and image processing. The most challenging and critical phase of an Artificial Neural Networks is related with its training process. The main challenge in the training process is finding optimal network parameters (i.e. weight and biase). For this purpose, numerous heuristic algorithms

Almost all cellular mobile communications of today take place in sub 3 GHz band that has now become too crowded to support future demands of increasing mobile data traffic. Therefore a new paradigm has been explored for designing next generation cellular communication system (i.e. 5G) using 28 GHz and 39 GHz millimeter wave (mmW) frequency bands. In 2016 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated

The rapid growth in the usage of location-based services has resulted in extensive research on users’ trajectory data publishing. But, a key concern here is a potential breach of user privacy through various linkage attacks by an efficient adversary. There exist a few privacy preservation methods to defend against either single or combination of linkage attacks, namely Identity linkage attack, Attribute

The resistance of a material to cavitation erosion is assessed by measuring specimen weight change induced by the application of a high-power vibration horn close its surface. This paper describes a proof-of-concept study of a measurement technique for assessing the progression of cavitation erosion for commonly used engineering materials. UK National Physical Laboratory Cavitation Sensor enabled the

In this study, retarded injection timing was investigated to overcome higher NOx emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel (90%)/canola biodiesel (10%) blend. The experiments were performed at the maximum torque speed (2200 rpm) under four loads (3.75 Nm, 7.5 Nm, 11.25 Nm and 15 Nm) and three injection timings (original −28 °CA, 26 °CA and 24 °CA bTDC). The effects of the

Most literature works carrying out capacitor remaining useful life (RUL) prognosis in a three-phase inverter fed Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD) system focus on analyzing the effect of different environmental and operating conditions. But it is the effect of inverter design parameters on capacitor RUL that is of greater interest to the inverter topology designers. This paper performs a parametric investigation

A full-swing high-speed hybrid Full Adder (FA) cell based on Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) technique and Conventional Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CCMOS) logic has been proposed in this work. The design has been verified and compared with ten existing state-of-the-art FAs to validate its performance. Simulations were conducted using Cadence Computer Aided Design (CAD) tool in 45 nm CMOS process

A novel ultra wideband (UWB) printed monopole multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with non-uniform transmission line using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is presented. The proposed antenna is superior to conventional antennas in terms of dimensions, gain, and efficiency while maintaining the impedance bandwidth. In order to improve the results, a non-uniform transmission line has

In wireless heterogeneous networks (HetNets), the spatial densification through small cells and the application of massive MIMO antenna arrays are key enablers for high data throughput, wider coverage, and improved energy efficiency (EE). However, ultra-dense deployment of small cells is envisioned to exacerbate network management and increase energy consumption in HetNets. To this end, this paper

This work presents a methodology to fabricate zeolite coating on aluminum and magnesium alloys. A procedure for coating AA 6082 aluminum and AZ31B magnesium alloys substrates with a homogeneous, adherent and anticorrosive layer of a zeolite filler embedded in a silane matrix is developed. The adhesion of the coating has been probed by scratch and shear tests. Furthermore, the coating strength at high

The fact that the properties of thermoelectric materials are to be estimated with Artificial Neural Networks without production and measurement will help researchers in terms of time and cost. For this purpose, figure of merit, which is the performance value of thermoelectric materials, is estimated by Artificial Neural Networks without an experimental study. P-and n-type thermoelectric bulk samples

The gas tungsten arc weldability of micro-alloyed hot-rolled ferritic XPF800 steel, which is newly produced by Tata Steel, has been studied. The weld geometry profile, mechanical properties and microstructure affected by heat input have been investigated. The micro examination of the welded joint has been characterized utilizing optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Atomic concentrations

The problem of parameters uncertainty of the controlled system is one of the most challenges faces controller designers. This work proposes a combination between the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and Kharitonov's theorem in a single optimization process as a robust control design procedure against parameters uncertainty. This approach is realized by integrating various constraints functional