This paper presents the effect of non-uniform reinforcement ratio along the beam length on the flexural behaviour experimentally and numerically. Within the experiment, four reinforced concrete beams each had a different reinforcement ratio. However, three of four beams had a similar reinforcement ratio in the constant moment zone (0.012). Cracking load, load carrying and deflection were monitored

Through experiments in a straight Plexiglass flume, the scour control performance of a spoiler installed under a submerged pipe laid on the river bed was studied. The experiments were carried out with four different pipe sizes, four variable flow rates, and four spoiler widths under clear-water conditions. The results were suggestive of the efficiency of the attached spoiler in reducing the length

An analysis is carried out for the steady free convective incompressible electrically conducting Jeffry fluid flow over a stretching surface. In addition, the presence of uniform heat source and first order chemical reaction enhance the heat and mass transfer properties of non-Newtonian fluid. Suitable self-similar transformations are used for the transformation of complex PDEs to nonlinear ODEs. Semi-analytical

In cellular networks, users near the edge of the cell are usually suffering from low signal-to-noise-plus-interference-ratio (SINR) levels as a result from being far away from the base-station (BS). Many factors could lead to huge attenuation of the received signal in the cell-edge area such as path-loss and multipath fading. Increasing the BS transmit power is not always feasible as this could lead

In this paper, a new closed-form formulation with universal matrices strongly recommends that Weighted Richardson Extrapolation (WRE) with robust and hourglass controlled one-point quadrature can absolutely replace the conventional Gauss Quadrature in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and speed to find element stiffness matrices of quadrilateral and hexahedral elements. Linearizing the geometric transformation

Performance of electric motors and losses in terms of heat and temperature are reviewed in this paper. Airgap eccentricity, electromagnetic performance, effect of temperature and losses are shown as factors affecting the efficiency. Several methods of computer aided analyses are listed. Temperature distribution in an induction motor is shown through the results of a simulation. Different cooling methods

Coagulation-flocculation constitute the backbone process in most water and wastewater treatment plants. This study focused on determining the optimum coagulant dose for moringa oleifera seed extract, zeolite, ferric chloride, chitosan and aluminium sulphate coagulants through the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation process. It also ascertain which coagulant has the potential for higher removal

Poor safety performance is a serious problem in the construction industry. Safety program implementation has always been one of the most successful actions to reduce construction accidents. This research aims to identify barriers to the implementation of safety programs in the construction industry. It begins with identifying barriers to the implementation of safety programs from the literature review

Removal of sediments from dam reservoirs is an important task for water resources management. The pressurized flushing is a more common way for the evacuation of sediments. The present study experimentally investigates a case of a single pile installed upstream of the orifice to improve the pressurized flushing efficiency. In this regard, five pile cross-section configurations, namely circular, face-on

Discharge for wastewater treatment plays a key role in improving the water quality, thereby guaranteeing living quality of citizens. With high-speed economics growth and economics reforming, total amount of China's discharge of wastewater treatment is sharing high uncertainty, leading to many difficulties in accurate forecasts of discharge of wastewater treatment. Based on grey system theory, the hyperbolic

Portal frame systems are widely used as coverage system in industrial projects. Selecting the proper portal frame system for a certain project depends on many technical, financial and logistical factors such as estimated cost, construction duration, availability of materials, equipment and skilled labor, besides environmental factors such as recycling and durability. The aim of this research is to

Outer-rotor PM synchronous motor (OR-PMSM) with PM flux has shown to generate high torque and power densities. However, the round rotor used provides high iron loss and weight that affect their speed. This paper, addresses the problem using 24-stator and 14-segments flux switching machine (FSM) whose rotor is passive. Initially, performances of the designed motor such as cogging torque, harmonic distortion

Assessment of the long term possibilities and risks related to geological storage requires insight in the deep groundwater flow systems. The objective of this paper is to show the relevance of the deep creep flow of the earth’s viscous upper mantle and crust as a complement to the groundwater flow. The paper presents an approach based on Fourier decomposition of the topography. The creep flow equations

Loss of excess water through free subsurface drainage networks is a major cause of inefficiency in Egypt's irrigation system, where the drainage water flows continuously and quickly with nutrients from the soil profile. This research aims at evaluating the impact of controlled drainage and irrigation scheduling on applied irrigation water, soil salinity and crop yield. Actual field data have been collected

Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is a high strength concrete with excellent engineering properties. High cement content is one of the important key parameters in the development of RPC. Production of cement considered a non-sustainable eco-friendly process. Hence, it is needed to replace the usage of cement with environmental friendly materials in the production of RPC. Geopolymer concrete is a new technology

Urbanization and population growth has led to an increase in the per unit energy consumption. As majority of the energy is derived from fossil fuel based sources, they have created adverse effects on the environment. Efforts to safeguard the environment have led to the development of hybrid electric vehicles. Proliferation of EV in the markets depends on factors like price, battery technology, economy

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has met great attention in the electrical power generation field for its many advantages. The connection of the PV systems to the electrical network is performed through DC-DC converter and DC-AC inverter. This paper aims at enhancing the integration of the PV systems into the electrical network through controlling both the converter and the inverter. An adaptive reference

In today's world, most cities face physical threats posed by climate change. These threats create environmental hazards, along with urban problems resulting from rapid urbanization and fast growth of cities. Unplanned urbanization causes the formulation of marginalized urban communities. According to a Un-Habitat report (2014), those groups are most vulnerable and most likely to suffer from disasters

Reactive Powder Concrete is a type of ultra-high-performance concrete. Improvement of microstructure, elimination of coarse aggregate, particle packing, and toughness enhancement are the main principles of RPC development. To achieve these principles, RPC is characterized by the inclusion of high cement content and pozzolanic materials that make in the other hand its production highly cost and non-environmentally

Present paper concentrates on viscous heating effects in fluid flow along a stretchable rotating surface in a Reiner-Rivlin fluid. Heating process of the disk is based on a quadratic surface temperature distribution. After invoking boundary layer assumptions, a self-similarity solution is assumed resulting in a coupled non-linear system. This system is evaluated numerically by a collocation method

The present study represents the novel methodology for quantitative evaluation of the coordinated relationships (CR) between BRTS and land use under transit-oriented development (TOD) mode by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. By using the most robust indicators of the BRTS and land use as input-output. Ranking assigned to the TOD area according to their coordinated development score

Islanding detection is imperative for the protection of distribution system supported by distributed generation. The accuracy of islanding detection technique mainly depends on the selection of suitable parameter. In this work, the 6 different power system parameters are classified based on sensitivity and performance ability. This is the basic step in the selection of suitable parameter for islanding

This paper presents characterization of ambient cured Alkali Activated Concrete (AAC) mixes based on workability and compressive strength using Taguchi method. The aluminosilicate source was a mix of slag (GBFS) and cement (OPC), while the alkaline activator was made with a mix of sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS). The four parameters considered in this study were: slag to cement ratio

In the present experimental work, the efforts have been made to use the aluminum composite panel waste collected from a construction site in high strength concrete. This waste of aluminum composite panel contains aluminum coversheets and core of low-density polyethylene. In this investigation, concrete with aluminum waste with varying percentages of 2, 4, 7, and 12% by weight of cement, and LDPE as

This paper discusses the potential role of inpatient layout in creating a healing environment for its users, whether there is an existing relationship between inpatient typology and healing environment. The study employs an evidence-based design method adopting a qualitative-quantitative approach as a multiple research methodology. Quantitatively, an EBD questionnaire-ASPECT was distributed to the

This century is undergoing a wave of knowledge and inventions making use of exceptional properties of nanofluids (NFs) in applications such as manufacturing and process heating, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, solar energy, heat pipes, electrical cooling systems and many others. Research investigations about NFs are on the increase due to growing attention and demand for NFs as heat transfer

In this paper, a wind turbine service sustainability is achieved by assessing grounding grids under steady-state and lightning-based transient conditions. An effective grounding grid is designed concerning IEC61400-24 standard, where Taif city, Saudi Arabia is considered a farming place. However, high soil resistivity is a challenge during the design. To accomplish the study, apparent resistivities

Weathered basalt (WB) is a useless and costless material with a negative environmental impact. The use of WB to replace clay in Portland clinker manufacturing is a successful strategy to enhance clinker quality, cost and reduce environmental impact. In this study, four mixes were prepared by replacing clay with 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt% of WB (M1-M4, respectively) keeping the ratio of the other mix constituents

The Electric vehicle supplied by the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell is characterized by its efficiency as well as by lower air pollution in comparison with the classical vehicles. This paper will shed the light on the modelling and the realization of a DC/DC isolated converter connected to a fuel cell for electric hybrid vehicle. The input energy in the electrical vehicle is prod uced by two

In this research, the computational fluid dynamics is used to study the purging process of the inaccessible dead-end pipe subjected to saline water. A 3D multiphase Eulerian transient turbulent flow model was developed, and 48 numerical runs were conducted to examine the effect of the dead-end length, Reynolds numbers, and Total Dissolved Solids on the purging efficiency. Design charts were deduced

A model for coagulation/sedimentation was developed; based on experimental observations to investigate the removal of COD and TSS from the food processing wastewater. The experimental study was conducted using three coagulants: ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, and aluminum sulfate. The wastewater samples were collected from an industrial food processing unit. Ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate are

Recently, electrodialysis technology has received widespread attention in the fields of water resource utilization. The core of the electrodialysis technology is the structure and performance of the ion exchange membrane. This study uses the single variable method to investigate the effects of energy consumption, current efficiency, and other parameters of homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes, then

The increasing demand on creating underground space in seismic areas has dictated developing research to investigate the seismic response of basement walls. Previous studies indicated discrepancies in terms of the seismic earth pressure on basement walls due to differences in the assumptions related to the wall movement mechanism (yielding versus non-yielding). In this study, the seismic response of

Concrete compression is complex. Yet, understanding this behavior is indispensable for design. There are three main factors that affect concrete compression results: the specimen size, shape, and friction at its ends. These factors affect the observed phenomena, and they affect each other. This paper aims to review the current knowledge on concrete compression and the effect of size, shape and friction

Numerous metaheuristic optimization algorithms are used for optimal design of water distribution networks. Each algorithm shows dissimilar characteristics depending on the network properties and the sensitivity analysis of the algorithm control variables. New performance metrics of metaheuristic optimization methods are proposed using simple but robust refined metrics and were applied to the available

This article introduces an optimal PI controller optimized by elephant herding algorithm (EHA) to control the grid-tied four-phase 8/6 switched reluctance generator (SRG). This controller is introduced for enhancing the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of the grid-tied SRG during faulty conditions that affect the SRG output voltage by regulating the off-delay angle of the generator. These

Among Renewable energy resources, solar power generation plays an important role and is paid more attention by modern researchers. Nowadays, extensive research is being carried to increase the efficiencies and stability of thin-film solar cells. Among thin-film solar cells, organic solar cells also known as plastic solar cells are relatively cheaper. They can be made in different colors and are very

The endless problem of energy supplies are always floating on the surface. As a result, there are a daily improvement to optimize power generators, networks and system configuration. Renewable distributed generators (RDG) are in the heart of these developments. The size of RDG is increasing daily so, it must be optimized to maximize benefits and eliminate drawbacks. Optimization algorithms are one

The central space in Madrasa buildings in Islamic eras, which is represented by the Sahn, is the space used and known in design during that time period. It was used in different buildings of Masjids (Mosques), houses, Wekkalla and many others. However, in the Mamluks era, some of these Sahns were covered. These spaces were called a “Durqa'a”. Although the open Sahn into the sky (courtyard) had been

Cloud computing is on-demand Internet-based computing, which is a highly scalable service adopted by different working and non-working classes of people around the globe. Task scheduling one of the critical applications used by end-users and cloud service providers. The significant challenging in the task scheduler is to find an optimal resource for the given input task. In this paper, we proposed

This paper provides an application of the hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization (GWO-PSO) method to reach a solution to the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem in the scope of electric power networks. PSO is a swarm based meta-heuristic optimization algorithm whose target is to seek the best solution to a problem by moving particles in a specific exploration field

This article presents a numerical Concrete Damage- Plastic (CDP) model for investigating the complex behavior of the RC slab-column connection under monotonic loading. The proposed numerical model is verified versus both the experimental data from the literature and various international design codes of practices, as well. The basic CDP model parameters (i.e. concrete dilation angle, the shape of the

Double-Tee junctions serve as building blocks of pipe network systems and fluid mixing occurring in them is complex due to excessive eddying of flow. In this paper a LES model with pure advection was used on a double-Tee junction turbulent mixing phenomena problem. This kind of approach does not require the turbulent Schmidt number which is problem specific and needs to be calibrated with experimental

Over the last decade, several advancements have happened in distributed and parallel computing. A lot of data is generated daily from various sources, and this speedy data proliferation led to the development of many more frameworks that are efficient to handle such huge data e.g. - Microsoft Dryad, Apache Hadoop, etc. Apache Hadoop is an open-source application of Google MapReduce and is getting a

In the present study, the optimization of hyperthermia treatment via Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) direct injection using heuristic algorithms is conducted. The particles mass transfer in addition to the dual phase lag (DPL) bioheat equation are solved using implicit finite different scheme to capture the temperature variations due to sever heat generation at early stages. To examine the capability

In this paper, we proceed on to develop the classical Natural transform to fractional order in the sense of conformable derivative and set the basic concepts in this new interesting fractional transform version. The conformable fractional Natural transform of certain functions, properties and relationships are derived and discussed. Furthermore, we present the general analytical solution of a generalized

A computational framework is carried out to investigate the drive, and thermal transport of the thin-film flow of unstable magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Oldroyd-B ferrofluid suspend with cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in water. The governing PDEs of the flow are transmuted as ODEs by applicable similarity conversions and resolved using R-K and Newton’s approaches. We examined the variations in

The study aims to understand the strength improvement and microstructural behavior of ultra-fine fly ash particles through synthesis and characterization techniques by analyzing the fly ash mortar and masonry prism. The process of grinding alters the particle size and specific surface area but not shown any variation in chemical composition are concluded from the microstructural analysis. The multiphase

Liquid-liquid flow in the pipeline transportation system can consume large energy due to high frictional drop which can be decreased by adding some chemical additives. The effect of these additives is different from type to type and most of them used only for single phase flow. This work focuses on reducing the pump energy requirements of two-phase flow (oil–water) by using three types of additives

This paper presents a hybrid metaheuristic method for optimal tuning of four different types of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. The method is based on the manta ray foraging optimization algorithm which is merged with the simulated annealing algorithm. Additionally, novel objective functions for the optimization of the controller’s

Predicting the rate of penetration (ROP) plays a key role in the success of the drilling operation. It is not an easy task to predict the ROP with high accuracy as it depends on several factors such as; drilling parameters, drilling fluid properties, and drilled formation characteristics. The objective of this paper is to develop a new empirical equation for predicting the ROP in real-time using different

This paper presents a case study on the implementation of the construction and demolition waste management practices in the Malaysian construction sector. The scope was limited to the housing and high-rise buildings. Characterization of reuse and recycling potential was done using descriptive statistics. It is estimated that the waste generated by the housing sector is approximately 16% of the gross

This paper presents the volumetric and Marshall Stability characteristics of irradiated waste polyethylene terephthalate fiber-reinforced asphalt mix utilizing the analysis of variance. Exposing polymers to gamma radiation boosts its mechanical and thermal properties which have a direct impact on improving its strength. The influences of irradiated fiber and binder contents on the volumetric and strength

Value of the lost load (VOLL) is a useful quantity in economical evaluations of power systems. The VOLL depends on multiple factors such as type of customer, regional economic conditions and demographics, time and duration of outage, and other specific traits of power interruption. The reviewed literatures show that there are still issues which could be considered in estimation of the VOLL, especially

This paper provides an understanding of the quality of urban form by studying the spatial properties of street networks concerning human density in Baghdad, Iraq. By adopting the Multiple Centrality Assessment (MCA) as an analytical approach, the study examines 12 streets at two different urban patterns formed in Rusafa District. Among many key measures of MCA, betweenness centrality (CB), which is

The utilization of physical models is a teaching strategy that has been compared to teaching based on sketching in design studios. This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of using physical models as a key instrument in first-year architecture design studios and as an alternative in cases of graphic sketching and 3D visualization deficiency. The paper adopts descriptive and analytical approaches

Aluminium alloys are widely used in the fields of electric module packaging, electronic technology, automotive body structure, wind and solar energy management, due to the advantages of high specific strength, high processability, predominantly anti-erosion, increased conductivity, eco-friendly nature and recoverability. The objective of the study is to review the previous papers on aluminium usages

This paper presents a new method based on coyote algorithm (COA) which is inspired from the social life of coyotes for the problem of simultaneous network reconfiguration and distributed generation (DG) placement to reduce real power loss. The effectiveness of the proposed COA method has been evaluated on two distribution systems consisting of 69-node and 119-node systems at two scenarios consisting

This paper provides an experimental investigation to study the effect of using different types of reinforcement on the flexural behavior of ferrocement thin hollow core slabs with embedded PVC pipes. Twelve slabs of 1100 × 400 × 55 mm dimensions were casted and tested till failure. The effect of four different types of reinforcement was investigated in this study including; steel wire mesh, macro and

Increasing attention was given to building information modeling (BIM) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) globally due to their advantages for various stages of the life cycle of a building. The aim of this paper is to improve practitioners' understanding of the process for BIM and MCDM adoption towards sustainable construction through energy efficiency. A questionnaire survey is being conducted