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Front Cover IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15
Presents the front cover for this issue of the publication.
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Cover 2 IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15
Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.
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Table of Contents IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15
Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.
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Improving, Situating, Expanding IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Clinton J. Andrews
We are coming off one of the most difficult years in human memory, yet the IEEE Society on Social Implications of Technology (SSIT) managed to perform quite well in spite of the pandemic and its fallout. In 2020, our flagship ISTAS conference and the cosponsored conferences were huge successes, with record attendance, partly because going virtual allowed wider participation. Our new publication, IEEE
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Governing in Bad Faith: Suppressing Democracy in Pretense of “Saving Democracy” IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Jeremy Pitt
Artificial Intelligence for Equity (AI4Eq) [1] is proposed as an interdisciplinary field of study and action that aims to promote the ethical development and use of autonomous and intelligent systems for the advancement of mankind [2] , especially for the United Nations’ sustainable development goals.
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Techno-Fixers: Origins and Implications of Technological Faith IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Sean F. Johnston, A. David Wunsch
Those who have recently published a book looking at the intersection of science, technology, and society must wish that they could have delayed its appearance. As I write this in the summer of 2020, the world is dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and is looking for a medical fix, a life-saving vaccine. The public’s faith in science and technology has never been higher. Computer “apps” that explore
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Hacking Diversity: The Politics of Inclusion in Open Technology Cultures IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Christina Dunbar-Hester, Jenna P. Carpenter
” Hacking Diversity: The Politics of Inclusion in Open Technology Cultures ” is a study of the efforts of open technology communities to “hack” the issues around the lack of diversity that pervades not only their volunteer communities, but also their related disciplines at large. Open technology communities are loosely organized, volunteer, online groups, focused on development and distribution of
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Artificial Intelligence for a Fair, Just, and Equitable World IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Ángeles Manjarrés, Celia Fernández-Aller, Maite López-Sánchez, Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Aguilar, Manuel Sierra Castañer
From the 1970s onward, we started to dream of the leisure society in which, thanks to technological progress and consequent increase in productivity, working hours would be minimized and we would all live in abundance. We all could devote our time almost exclusively to personal relationships, contact with nature, sciences, the arts, playful activities, and so on. Today, this utopia seems more unattainable
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Toward a More Equal World: The Human Rights Approach to Extending the Benefits of Artificial Intelligence IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Elizabeth D. Gibbons
We are all aware of the huge potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to bring massive benefits to under-served populations, advancing equal access to public services such as health, education, social assistance, or public transportation, for example. We are equally aware that AI can drive inequality, concentrating wealth, resources, and decision-making power in the hands of a few countries, companies
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AI4Eq: For a True Global Village Not for Global Pillage IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Angeles Manjarrés, Simon Pickin, Miguel A. Artaso, Elizabeth Gibbons
The last few years have seen a large number of initiatives on artificial intelligence (AI) ethics: intergovernmental-institution initiatives such as “Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI” from the high-level expert group on AI of the European Commission [1] or the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Council Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence [2] , government initiatives
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An Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Europe Based on Human Rights IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Celia Fernández-Aller, Arturo Fernández de Velasco, Ángeles Manjarrés, David Pastor-Escuredo, Simon Pickin, Jesús Salgado Criado, Txetxu Ausín
The United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda and other movements toward setting global goals such as the Paris Agreement and the European Green Deal/U.S. Green New Deal are laying the groundwork for a transformation beyond purely market-based economics toward sustainability and inclusiveness [1] , in which technological innovation and, in particular, artificial intelligence (AI) can play a central role. The
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To Be fAIr or Not to Be: Using AI for the Good of Citizens IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Ulises Cortés, Atia Cortés, Cristian Barrué, Abraham Sánchez, E. Ulises Moya-Sánchez, Dario Garcia-Gasulla
In the last decade, there has been an explosion in the progress and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in our society. For the first time, the applications of AI have left the laboratory to reach society in a broad, visible, and relevant way. This fact has raised numerous questions about the potential of AI in the future and its implications in our lives. The benefits of AI do not come alone;
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From Artificial Intelligence Bias to Inequality in the Time of COVID-19 IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Miguel Luengo-Oroz, Joseph Bullock, Katherine Hoffmann Pham, Cynthia Sin Nga Lam, Alexandra Luccioni
As secretary general of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres said during the 2020 Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture, “COVID-19 has been likened to an X-ray, revealing fractures in the fragile skeleton of the societies we have built.” Without a doubt, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing global inequalities. Whether at the local, national, or international scale, the gap between the
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Persuasive Technology for Mental Health: One Step Closer to (Mental Health Care) Equality? IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Tine Kolenik, Matjaž Gams
The increasing trend of mental health issues, especially among younger people, is not a new phenomenon. World organizations, leaders, and decision-makers are recognizing its devastating effect, resulting in mental health well-being appearing in goal 3 of the 17 UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) [1] . Among mental health issues, stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) seem to be on the forefront—reaching
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SIAMES: Social Impact Advisor and Measurement System IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Daniel Hernández Marín, Marta Solórzano-García
Intelligent technologies offer the potential to generate unprecedented levels of prosperity for all, while posing increasing challenges in the ethical, moral, legal, humanitarian, and sociopolitical spheres. In this regard, the recently released the United Nations (UN) report on extreme poverty and human rights 1 warns of the risk of a digital dystopia driving a growing inequality that is facilitating
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Champions of AI4Eq: Equity as an Adaptive Challenge IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Christine Perakslis
Equity can be defined as a state, quality, or ideal of being just, impartial, and fair [1] . The World Health Organization (WHO) defines equity as “the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically.” When benchmarking those who operationalize equity well, five Ps are often used as an
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2020 TS Year End Index IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-24
Presents the 2020 subject/author index for this publication.
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Front Cover IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09
Presents the front cover for this issue of the publication.
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Autumn in the Northeast U.S. [President's Message] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Robert Dent
Presents the President’s message for this issue of the publication.
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Table of Contents IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09
Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.
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Masthead IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09
Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.
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No More "De-Root and Rule": The Need for Digital Roots [Editorial] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Jeremy Pitt
Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.
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Their Own Devices [Book Reviews] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 A. David Wunsch
The book focuses on the group of Americans who live a life of digital hyper-connectivity. Mostly under age 50, this would include what are called Generation X (born between 1965 and 1979), Millennials (born between 1980 and 1999), and their offspring — some, as we have seen, still infants. A leitmotif of the book is that these “digital natives,” as she calls them have been untethered from the American
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Ways of Hearing [Book Reviews] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 John M. Picker
The book presents an account of how aspects of sound we might not value or even notice have gone missing in the shift from analog recordings and receivers to mp3s, cell phones, streaming services, and, yes, even podcasts. On its surface, this seems in keeping with the emergence of nostalgic trends in musical listening: the hipster resurrection, say, of LPs as sonically rich, visually cool artifacts
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For Richer, for Poorer - The Digital Economy: An Interview With Geoffrey Goodell [Interview] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Kristina Milanovic
Presents an interview conducted with Geoffrey Goodell who is currently a Senior Research Associate in Computer Science at University College London (UCL).
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Thinking about Racism in Engineering Education in New Ways [Commentary] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Joel Alejandro Mejia, Renata A. Revelo, Alice L. Pawley
In this paper, we seek to explore the impact of engineering’s persisting predominant whiteness in the United States. Its persisting maleness is also relevant, and we will address this a little more below, but what we want to do here is share a framework that has helped our thinking in this space, and we hope it can inform yours.
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Cybersecurity for Smart Farming: Socio-Cultural Context Matters IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Dirk van der Linden, Ola Aleksandra Michalec, Anna Zamansky
Food security is a societal issue of increasing importance requiring careful consideration of the way we produce, process, and distribute food [2], [6]. Digital technologies are increasingly used to optimize processes to support these activities, and therefore, bear important implications for food security. In this article, we focus in particular on technologies used for an important aspect of such
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Meaningful Human Control of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems: The CCW-Debate and Its Implications for VSD IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Thea Riebe, Stefka Schmid, Christian Reuter
The debate on the development and deployment of lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) as an emerging technology is of increasing importance, with discussions stalling and technological development progressing. Monitoring the progress of increasingly autonomous weapons systems in civilian and military use as well as regulating possible autonomous systems early on is demanded by civil society actors
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The Citizen Question: Making Identities Visible Via Facial Recognition Software at the Border IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Aaron Tucker
In late 2018, Jet Blue, American Airlines, and Delta began utilizing facial recognition software (FRS) in American airports: Jet Blue explained that the company had, "in partnership with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), today announced the roll-out of its first fully-integrated biometric self-boarding gate." The airlines' cooperation with the CBP, the Department of Homeland Security, and the
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Guidelines for Stego/Malware Detection Tools: Achieving GDPR Compliance IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Aleksandra Pawlicka, Dagmara Jaroszewska-Choras, Michal Choras, Marek Pawlicki
Never before has cybersecurity been as significant for societies as today; its importance is still on the rise as people rely on computer systems every day. Recently, the ever-growing issues of personal data being stolen or misused have been addressed by several legal regulations, the most significant of them being the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The paper deals with a specific cybersecurity
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Cultural Conflict in Technology Transfer to Non-Industrial Communities: A Critique of Ihde's Ideas IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Saber Monadi Nouri, Mostafa Taqavi
Societies today have come closer together as a result of the development of communication technologies and the greater ease with which business is transacted. Consequently, technological tools and devices are being transferred from industrial societies to other countries at dazzling speeds. The transfer of technology to non-industrialized societies with their own histories, civilizations, and backgrounds
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ISTAS 2021 to be Held in Ontario, Canada [News and Notes] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09
Presents information on the ISTAS 2021 Conference.
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T&S Magazine - Changes for 2021 [News and Notes] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Katina Michael, Jeremy Pitt
Presents changes to the editorial staff for this publication.
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Cyberbiosecurity, Ecopsychology, and Beyond: Our Formidable PIT Community [Last Word] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Christine Perakslis
Reports on the concept of Public Interest Technology (PIT). PIT is defined as “technology practitioners who focus on social justice, the common good, and/or the public interest” or “an emphasis on the development of technologies and technical expertise that advance the public good.
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Understanding the Role of Technology in Society IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09
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Cover 4 Image IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-12-09
Presents the back cover for this issue of the publication.
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On the Social Implications of Collective Adaptive Systems IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Antonio Bucchiarone, Mirko D’Angelo, Danilo Pianini, Giacomo Cabri, Martina De Sanctis, Mirko Viroli, Roberto Casadei, Simon Dobson
Many Collect ive Adaptive Systems (CASs) exist in nature: think of ant colonies, where large collectives of ants operate autonomously but interact with other ants and the environment to provide resilient global behaviors that sustain their colony. Following scientific studies that were aimed at understanding and predicting the evolution of these systems, and fueled by technological advances, research
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Emerging Drone Services: Challenges and Societal Issues IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Majed Alwateer, Seng W. Loke
A recent application using drones for business is the Google project (Wing) approved in early 2019 [25]. Urban Air Mobility projects with drone services, though mainly focusing on delivery of parcels, are taking off in over 60 cities around the world [23]. As with many advances in technology, e.g., smartphones, there is an emergence of a service ecosystem associated with the technology (e.g., an app
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Socialbots: Impacts, Threat-Dimensions, and Defense Challenges IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Muhammad Abulaish, Mohd Fazil
Online Social Networks (OSNs) are the modern communication media at the peak of Internet technology that facilitate users' ability to connect with friends and celebrities, and to disseminate breaking news and updates on real-life events. Connections and interactions among OSN users generate a massive amount of data containing a rich collection of knowledge that could be useful to various realworld
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Reducing Parking Space Search Time and Environmental Impacts: A Technology Driven Smart Parking Case Study IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Khan Aftab, Parag Kulkarni, Ian Shergold, Michael Jones, Marko Dogramadzi, Pietro Carnelli, Mahesh Sooriyabandara
Over the last half century, the proportion of humans living in cities has dramatically risen from around a third to just over half. As cities continue to rise in popularity, demand for basic services such as transportation increases. The automobile has been the dominant method of inner city transportation for many cities across the globe, resulting in increased congestion and air pollution. As the
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"We Live on Hope...": Ethical Considerations of Humanitarian Use of Drones in Post-Disaster Nepal IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Ning Wang
As international humanitarian assistance from governments and private donors continued to increase in recent years, the pace of growth, however, has slowed down [1]. For instance, in 2018, while US$17.0 billion out of US$28.1 billion funding was committed to UN-coordinated appeals, there was still a funding shortfall of US$11.1 billion, with only 61% of requirements met [1]. Against this backdrop,
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Regulating Big Data in Agriculture IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Brianna B. Posadas, Juan E. Gilbert
In the year 2050, it is expected that the global human population will outgrow the current food supply. It is a year of concern for those in the agricultural sciences, and many projects and initiatives are designed around solving this problem [1], [3], [5], [6]. From genetically modified foods, stronger antibiotics and fungicides, to upgraded crop models, everyone in this area is hard at work finding
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Between Engineering and Science IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Javier Aracil
When I was an engineering student, during the 1960s, a common joke was that if a space rocket reached its goal, it was called a success of science; but if it did not succeed, then it was a failure of engineering. This witticism is a sample of the latent dispute between science and engineering. Science has played a fundamental role in the development of modern engineering by showing how the natural
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Front Cover IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23
Presents the front cover for this issue of the publication.
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ISTAS 2020 IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23
Presents information on the ISTAS 2020 Conference.
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Be Well [President's Message] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Robert Dent
Presents the President’s message for this issue of the publication.
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Table of Contents IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23
Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.
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Masthead IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23
Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.
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Sustainability in the Digital Age [Special Issue Introduction] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Amy Luers, Lyse Langlois, Mathilde Mougeot, Sana Kharaghani, Alexandra Luccioni
The articles in this special section focus on how disruptions whether they be natural or human impact society, technological development, and future outlooks. This section explores the opportunities and challenges of leveraging AI and other digital capabilities to drive the transformative system changes needed to tackle the climate crisis and related global sustainability challenges. The work presented
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Sustainability in the Digital Age [Commentary] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23
This article presents a Draft statement prepared from discussion held during the CIFAR workshop September 18-20, 2019, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The workshop was co-sponsored by CIFAR,* U.K. Research and Innovation (UKRI), and the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), and cohosted by Future Earth, The Observatory of Social Impacts on AI and Digital Technology, the U.K. Office for
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The Five Words Shaping Humanity?s Ultimate Sustainability [Opinion] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 John C. Havens
Discusses the steps needed to ensure that people's lives are protected and the lockdown measures of the COVID-19 pandemic save lives.
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Capitalizing on AI?s Potential to Help Tackle the Climate Crisis [Opinion] IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Sana Khareghani
Discusses the potential for artificial intelligence to address and tackle climate change.
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Algorithmic Reflexive Governance for Socio-Techno-Ecological Systems IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Jeremy Pitt, John Dryzek, Josiah Ober
This position paper develops an algorithmic approach to deliberation as the basis for institutional reflexivity. We propose the idea of algorithmic reflexive governance for socio- techno-ecological systems, bringing together interdisciplinary ideas from Artificial Intelligence and Democratic Theory in systems that recognize the interactions between social, technological, and ecological actors and processes
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Should AI be Designed to Save Us From Ourselves?: Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Myanna Lahsen
The environment is being destroyed at alarming rates, undermining prospects of reconciling human wellbeing and development and respect for planetary boundaries [1]. Even a thirty percent increase in global action towards goals already en - shrined in international agreements on environment, trade and development would not achieve widely shared sustainability goals without transgressing planetary boundaries
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We Need Standards for Digital Cooperation to Occur IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. (IF 1.256) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Michel Girard
This article makes the case for a new regional mechanism to coordinate the development of data standards. Data standards are necessary to achieve digital cooperation. We need standards to create data value chains that string together data collection through collaborative platforms in order to generate insights and solve longstanding problems. Organizations of all sizes, whether public, private, or
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