No abstract is available for this article.

Considering the increase in the deployment of wind energy conversion systems, improving the coexistence between wind turbines and wildlife with an efficient method for blade impact assessment is of primary importance. Automated blade‐impacts on potential wildlife monitoring can support the development and operations of wind farms. A substantial challenge is represented by the typical case of impacts

High‐order sliding mode control laws with gain adaptation algorithms are applied, in Region III, on a floating offshore wind turbine equipped by permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). These adaptive control methods are especially efficient for systems with uncertainties and external perturbations and are well adapted to wind turbines systems. Such controllers can be implemented with very reduced

As well as their role in contributing towards emissions reductions targets, it is increasingly relevant for policymakers to understand the contribution that renewable energy technologies make to the economy. Various methods have been used to quantify impacts, such as job counts, surveys and measures based on economic statistics. Economic modelling approaches on the other hand appear to offer an ability

Rain erosion on the leading edge of wind turbine blades is an intricate engineering challenge for the wind industry. Based on an energetic approach, this work proposes a methodology to characterise the erosion capacity of the raindrop impacts onto the leading edge blades. This methodology can be used with meteorological data from public institutions or from direct measurements at the wind turbine locations

The aerodynamic characteristics of a leading edge inflatable (LEI) kite and a rigid‐framed delta (RFD) kite were investigated. Flight data were recorded by using an experimental setup that includes an inertial measurement unit, a GPS, a magnetometer, and a multi‐hole Pitot tube onboard the kites, load cells at every tether, and a wind station that measures the velocity and heading angle of the wind

Gearbox oil temperature is one of the important indicators for gearbox condition monitoring and faults early warning. Accurately predicting the gearbox oil temperature change trend can maintain the gearbox in advance and ensure the safety and reliability of the wind turbine gearbox. The purpose of this article is to analyze the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data in wind turbines

This paper proposes a paradigm shift in the numerical simulation approach to predict rain erosion damage on wind turbine blades, given the blade geometry, its coating material, and the atmospheric conditions (wind and rain) expected at the installation site. Contrary to what has been done so far, numerical simulations (flow field and particle tracking) are used not to study a specific (wind and rain)

The main wind turbine design standard IEC61400‐1 ed. 4 includes an annual target reliability index for structural components of 3.3. Presently, no standards specify specific reliability requirements for existing wind turbines, to be used in relation to verification of structural integrity for life extension or continued operation. For existing structures in general, both economic and sustainability

While detailed aero‐servo‐hydro‐elastic simulation codes for modelling floating wind turbines (FWTs) are available, they achieve high accuracy at the expense of calculation speed. For conceptual design and optimisation, fast solutions are needed, and equivalent linearisation techniques combined with frequency‐domain analysis offers to capture the complex behaviour of FWTs in fast, approximate models

This study compares the dynamic behaviour of a conventional and a compact gearbox for the DTU 10 MW wind turbine supported on a monopile offshore structure. The conventional gearbox configuration is composed of two planetary epicyclic stages and one parallel stage, while the compact gearbox configuration consists of a fixed planetary stage and a differential compound epicyclic stage. The design methodology

No abstract is available for this article.

The Acknowledgements section in the article by Wang et al1 is updated here:

There is a need to clarify the coupling characteristics of terrain‐induced wind fields and wind turbine‐induced wake in wind farm micrositing. However, research investigating the effect of hill shape on this interaction is lacking. In addition, during the optimization of the layout of the turbines over topographies, the flow behind the turbines should be predicted in a fast way. After obtaining the

Passive damping systems have been widely studied to improve the response of wind turbine structures under operational conditions. However, there is insufficient information on how these systems enhance reliability for extreme loads. Wind farm construction has been growing rapidly in recent decades, thereby moving wind turbine structures to sites with higher seismic and hurricane hazards. This research

One of the main concerns in developing large wind turbines, especially offshore, is their cost‐effectiveness versus traditional power sources. Significant dynamic loads are applied to the tower and the foundation of a multimegawatt wind turbine. Any reduction in the loads can reduce the size of the structure and, consequently, the turbine's cost. In this paper, a novel structural control application

The flow over the leading edge of an NREL S826 reference airfoil with three different icing‐inspired leading‐edge contamination geometries has been assessed experimentally. Particle image velocimetry was performed on the leading edge of the airfoil for a range of angles‐of‐attack between −4° and 16°. This work primarily focuses on the flow physics at Reynolds numbers (Rec = 455 000) within the Reynolds

The design of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) founded on a monopile foundation is principally based on dimensioning criteria related to its fundamental frequencies. These frequencies must remain outside the excitation frequencies to avoid resonance. For the calculation of the OWT natural frequencies, several studies exist, but few of them simultaneously consider both the real geometrical configuration

The wake produced by a model wind turbine is investigated using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of numerical data obtained by large eddy simulations at a diameter‐based Reynolds number . The blades are modeled employing the actuator line method and an immersed boundary method is used to simulate tower and nacelle. Two simulations are performed: one accounts only for the blades effect; the other

To be competitive in offshore wind energy production, safe and economical foundation design is essential. In recent years, tripod suction bucket foundations have been considered as an alternative to conventional foundations owing to their unique features suitable for offshore construction environments, economic installation, and high overturning resistance. However, it is difficult to accurately predict

The power production of the Lillgrund wind farm has been investigated by means of SCADA data covering almost 10 years of operation, wake models and numerical simulation tools, such as WindSim, OpenFOAM and ORFEUS. The analysis of the SCADA data provided the quantification of wake losses and of blockage effects, results that enable a benchmark to assess the uncertainty of other numerical methods of

Different probability distribution functions have been used to characterize wind resource parameters considering uncertainty in wind potential. However, the application of the best distributions functions is still the most challenging task. In the present work, a comparative statistical analysis of wind speed data, collected from mast and lidar for different distribution model using different numerical

Reliability and cost are two important driving factors in the development of wind energy. Automation and digitalization of operation and maintenance (O&M) procedures help to increase turbine reliability and reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Here, we demonstrate a novel method, coined as AQUADA, which may change the current labor‐intensive and operation‐interfering blade inspection by using

Advanced control methods for coordinatively optimizing active power dispatch and fatigue load distribution of wind turbines (WTs) in mountain wind farms, require the fatigue load modeling that has not been fully studied. This study proposes a data‐driven modeling method for fatigue loads of large‐scale WT under active power regulation. Firstly, load simulations based on Monte Carlo approach are conducted

This paper presents an optimal design procedure for a pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD) to mitigate the global structural vibrations of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in the fore–aft and side–side directions. The procedure is tested to the design of a PTMD to be applied to the 5‐MW benchmark baseline monopile wind turbine proposed by the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL). The computation of wind

The manuscript presents a novel aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic coupling framework, MIRAS‐HAWC2. In this coupling, the wind turbine blades and rotor‐wake aerodynamics are modeled using a modified lifting‐line theory which accounts for blade curvature, combined with a hybrid vortex method. The wind turbine structure and foundation are modeled using a finite‐element and multi‐body system approach. Last, hydrodynamics

Small‐scale wind turbines have market opportunities in distributed energy generation applications but face future challenges in remaining cost competitive compared with solar photovoltaic systems. High unit costs can be attributed to design conservatism when calculating fatigue loads of key structural components such as the blades. In this study, we use the aeroelastic software FAST to highlight limitations

No abstract is available for this article.

Wind turbines play a crucial role in the revolution towards renewable resources. They need to be economically competitive to be sustainable. This still requires to lower the cost of energy (COE). To this end, nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is used within this paper. As known from literature, NMPC significantly improves the energy extracting performance as well as the mitigation of tower

Predicting the occurrence of strong and sudden variations in wind power, so‐called ramp events, has become one of the main challenges for the operation of power systems with large shares of wind power. In this paper, we investigate 14 ramp events of different magnitudes and minute‐scale durations observed by a dual‐Doppler radar system at the Westermost Rough offshore wind farm. The identified ramps

The aerodynamic performance of a NACA 633‐418 airfoil has been analyzed with disturbances in approximately 1000 different configurations focused on the frontal 10% of the airfoil. The configuration parameters are based on field test samples and rain erosion test specimens. The most important trends are presented by 500 configurations each simulated for 6°, 8°, and 10° angle of attack. The simulations

This paper studies the effect of soil–structural interaction (SSI) on gravity‐based wind turbine towers equipped with tuned mass dampers (TMDs) subjected to earthquake loading. A small‐scale shaking table test of wind turbine towers with TMD was conducted, and the results showed that using TMD designed considering SSI resulted in larger vibration suppression. A simplified analytical numerical model

We study the application of cooperative control and game theoretic approaches to wind farm optimization. The conventional (greedy) wind farm control strategy seeks to individually maximize each turbine power. However, this strategy does not maximize the overall power production of wind farms due to the aerodynamic interactions (wake effect) between the turbines. We formulate the wind farm power optimization

Vertical wind shears could have a significant effect on the energy produced by a wind turbine and on its loads. Although the development of several wind farms has been planned on the East Coast of the United States, there are no studies that characterize the vertical wind shear over this area. This study focuses on characterizing wind shears in the marine boundary layer in Southern New England and

FAST.Farm is a mid‐fidelity engineering tool developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory targeted at accurately and efficiently predicting wind turbine power production and structural loading in wind farm settings, including wake interactions between turbines. FAST.Farm is based on several principles of the dynamic wake meandering (DWM) model, but also addresses limitations of previous DWM

Wind turbine wakes negatively affect downwind turbines in wind farms reducing their global efficiency. The reduction of wake‐turbine interactions by actuating control on yaw angles and induction factors is an active area of research. In this study, the capability of spanwise‐periodic rows of wind turbines with tilted rotors to reduce negative wake‐turbine interactions is investigated through large‐eddy

When discussing the connection of wind energy and climate change, normally, the potential of wind energy to reduce green house gas emissions is emphasised. Hence, effects of wind energy on climate change are analysed. However, what about the other direction? What is the impact of climate change on wind energy? Recently, the effect of a reversal in global terrestrial stilling,that is, an increase in

Recent research developments have indicated that substantial reduction of both the fatigue and ultimate loads can be achieved by adopting trailing edge (TE) flap control strategies. Their aeroelastic tools employ blade element momentum (BEM) aerodynamic models enhanced with a sectional 2D treatment of the TE flap, neglecting the 3D effect of the trailed vorticity in the vicinity of the moving flap

As the global demand for clean renewable energy has grown, the contribution of wind power in grid systems has significantly improved. Wind power predictions play an important role in the stable and safe operation of grid systems. Considering the shortcomings of traditional wind power point predictions, a novel two‐stage short‐term wind power interval prediction method is proposed in this study. In

In this paper, we present a mathematical model and control strategy to regulate the yaw of a horizontal axis wind turbine. In order to obtain the dynamic equations of the yaw motion, the mathematical model is developed using the Euler–Lagrange formulation and considers the wind turbine as a manipulator robot with three degrees of freedom (DOF). A fuzzy proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) finite element models of structural (scarf) repair of wind turbine blade, including the composite patch, adhesive, coating and parent composite structures is developed. Computational studies of the effect of the scarf angle, thickness of the adhesive layer and the availability of voids in the adhesive on the stress field in the repaired structure were carried out. It is observed

Reducing downtime through predictive or condition‐based maintenance is a promising strategy to help reduce costs associated with wind farm operation and maintenance. To help effectively monitor wind turbine condition, operators now rely on multiply sources of data to make informed operational decisions which can minimise downtime, increasing availability and profitability of any given site. Two of

As a clean and renewable energy source, wind energy has achieved remarkable growth around the world. Wind power/speed interval prediction has become an indispensable area of focus regarding the efficient dispatch of wind energy. As an important interval prediction method, the traditional lower and upper bound estimation (LUBE) has been a prevalent approach and a fundamental branch of energy prediction

No abstract is available for this article.

The implementation of a model to simulate distributed surface roughness, which is the new k−ω extension by Knopp et al. into the DTU Wind Energy in‐house CFD Reynolds‐Average Naviar Stokes solver EllipSys, was validated against wind tunnel experiments conducted in the Laminar Wind Tunnel of the Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics, University of Stuttgart. The effort was to predict the aerodynamic

This paper presents a modified S‐transform (ST) based on a compactly supported kernel. A version of Cheriet‐Belochrani (CB) kernel is chosen for this purpose. It is shown that the proposed modified S‐transform (CBST) offers better frequency resolution than the traditional ST. It is used to decompose the wind speed time series into frequency‐based subseries. Further, artificial neural network (ANN)

A 105‐m, 13‐MW two‐bladed downwind Segmented Ultralight Morphing Rotor (SUMR‐13) blade was gravo‐aeroelastically scaled by 20% to a 20.87‐m‐long demonstrator blade and confirmed through structural ground testing. The subscale model was achieved through geometric scaling and by aeroelastic scaling principles based on operational flapwise deflections combined with rotational and structural frequencies

The recovery of offshore wind farm wakes in the German Bight was analyzed by a unique in situ data set, measured on‐board the research aircraft Dornier Do‐128 during the WIPAFF project in 2016 and 2017. These observations were used to validate a simple analytical wake recovery model in five case studies. The observed recovery rates were compared with the results of the mesoscale Weather Research and

Structural compactness with multiple meshing points excites multiple vibrations in a planetary gearbox of a wind turbine operating at varying speeds. The nonstationary, multicomponent vibration signals result in complex modulations challenging the effectiveness of a signal processing technique‐based fault diagnosis method. This paper aims to detect gear tooth faults under varying speed conditions based

No abstract is available for this article.

In India, there are plans for 5 GW of installed capacity of wind power by 2022. This study establishes that the wind resource along the west coast of Gujarat is sufficient for offshore wind farms of between 500 MW to 2 GW rated power to be operated with capacity factors of 40% to 54%. For the majority of sites, a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in the range 68 to 86 £/MWh can be achieved with installation

In order to meet the increasing demand of wind energy utilization, wind turbines (WTs) are developing toward the trend of large size and large capacity. In such a trend, various advanced yaw control strategies have been proposed to improve large WTs' comprehensive performance, but the analysis and summary of these strategies are still lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to have a review of yaw control

Load alleviation control is highly desirable to reduce penalties associated with the added structural mass required to withstand rare load scenarios. This is particularly true for wind turbine designs incorporating long‐span blades. Implementation of compliance‐based morphing structures to modify the lift distribution passively has the potential to mitigate the impact of rare, but integrally threatening

As the worlds first floating wind farm, one of the main technical challenges in the design phase of Hywind Scotland was the uncertainty related to wake interaction effects between the floating wind turbines. In this paper, we address this challenge by presenting an analysis of full‐scale measurements from the Hywind Scotland wind farm. Measurements of the floaters' roll, pitch and yaw motions are presented

In the high pressure wind tunnel (HochDruckkanal Goettingen [HDG]) of Deutsch–Niederländische Windkanäle—German–Dutch Wind Tunnels (DNW) a 47% thick airfoil‐like symmetrical profile was investigated at a high (3 to 12 million) Reynolds number. As an unusual feature, a negative lift slope dcL/dα < 0 close to zero lift has been re‐observed under specific circumstances. We describe the findings and offer

This paper describes a nonlinear model inversion for performance analysis and system optimization for airborne wind energy (AWE) systems. Airborne wind energy systems are lighter and potentially lower in cost than comparable conventional wind turbines due to using a tether and bridle rather than blades and a tower which must support high bending and compressive loads. They are also easier to install

Because wind has a high volatility and the respective energy produced cannot be stored on a large scale because of excessive costs, it is of utmost importance to be able to forecast wind power generation with the highest accuracy possible. The aim of this paper is to compare 1‐h‐ahead wind power forecasts performance using artificial intelligence‐based methods, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs)

In this paper, a low computational, robust nonlinear feedback control is proposed as independent distributed generation controller (IDGC) for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind power generation system (WPGS). WPGS integration as distributed generation (DG) to grid point of common coupling (PCC) is reflecting high power loss profile in terms of low frequency oscillations under grid operational

The reduction of structural loads is becoming an important objective for the wind turbine control system due to the ever‐increasing specifications/demands on wind turbine rated power and related growth of turbine dimensions. Among various control algorithms that have been researched in recent years, the individual pitch control has demonstrated its effectiveness in wind turbine load reduction. Since

For wind turbine blades with the increased slenderness ratio, flutter instability may occur at lower wind and rotational speeds. For long blades, at the flutter condition, relative velocities at blade sections away from the hub center are usually in the subsonic compressible range. In this study, for the first time for composite wind turbine blades, a frequency domain classical flutter analysis methodology