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Dear Readers, I wish you a very warm welcome to this second special issue of the Magazine on "Instrumentation and Measurement in 2020."

Recent changes to the world's measurement system [1], [2] have been carefully designed to appear to the general public, and even to most of the scientific community, as if nothing substantial has changed. The same units exist, no new ones have been created, and the values of the properties of physical artifacts remain the same for all but the most extreme accuracies. In fact, only the definitions of

In the last few years, hardly a day goes by that we do not hear about the latest advancements and improvements that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought to a wide spectrum of domains: from technology and medicine to science and sociology, and many others. AI is one of the core enabling components of the fourth industrial revolution that we are currently witnessing, and the applications of AI are

The full implementation of new ecologies, such as the Internet of Things, the Internet of Food, Precise Agriculture, Smart Grids, Cities, and Homes, just to mention some of the most intriguing ones, requires novel devices. These need to exploit new technologies and need to be capable of providing functionalities that cannot be obtained by conventional silicon-based electronics.

Artificial intelligence, in particular a supervised and unsupervised machine learning approach, has been becoming an interest in the field of measurement and instrumentation. Many problems of classification can be faced by a machine learning approach. We know machine learning is a broad area of artificial intelligence that comprises some other lines of research and activities such as deep learning

Lameness in dairy cattle negatively effects the welfare of affected cows and is the third biggest cause of economic loss to the dairy industry in New Zealand. As the cost and frequency of lameness continues to increase, profitability will further decrease unless a more effective and efficient method of detecting cattle lameness is developed.

The mission of Technical and Standards Activities Committee (TSAC) of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society (IMS) is to enable and promote Technical Committees (TCs) as the Society's "Centers of Expertise," and support and promote participation of individual IMS members in Standards Activities. Over the past years, the TSAC has managed 22 active TCs and supported the development of 18 IEEE

Presents a listing of the 2020 IEEE IMS Technical Committees.

Presents the IMMS society calendar of upcoming events and meetings.

The symposium deals with all the aspects of interactions among the worlds of the instrumentation and measurement, bio-engineering, material science, chemical and biological measurements, and the medical field. The symposium enables researchers, doctors and technicians to exchange ideas and information, make connections and collaborations and update innovation on health care systems and diagnostics

"Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication."

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It is a pleasure to welcome you all to this special edition of our IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine focused on selected papers that have been presented to the 2019 edition of AUTOTESTCON. As for every year, also last year this was a very successful and lively event. There were many attendees, interesting speeches and lots of sponsors and exhibitors. I'm sure that many of you have enjoyed

Modern power monitoring systems record vast amounts of equipment operational data. For these systems to improve efficiency and performance, the data must be presented as an intuitive decision aid for watchstanders. The Nonintrusive Load Monitor (NILM) dashboard provides actionable information for energy score-keeping, activity tracking, and equipment condition-based maintenance (CBM). Using a NILM

In "Automated Test Systems Test Program Software-The Invisible Technology" we indicated that the amount of work associated to Test Program Set (TPS) development, maintenance, and migration in the Department of Defense (DOD) has grown significantly [1]. In the paper, we proposed a model for a TPS developer's certification plan, training program, and Quality Assurance management plan. This paper is a

High-speed testing of digital transmission necessitates a functional test, which is typically the test performed by automatic test equipment (ATE) on military and avionics units under test (UUTs). Older military ATEs, and indeed most modern day ATEs, are not equipped with test instruments for high-speed data transmission. Typically, such high-speed test instruments are designed for signal characterizations

Our 2019 AUTOTESTCON paper [1] introduced the concept of hardware assurance for security and trust that focused on Trojan payloads and triggers and the use of embedded instruments and data collection from those instruments as one of the detection strategies. A Phase I Small Business Innovation Research grant funded the proof of concept of using a COTS board as a sandboxed emulation environment to safely

Dear Readers, When you read this article it will already be late summer, and I hope so much that then we will have overcome the planetary emergency due to COVID-19. At this time of writing, we are still in a full emergency even if there are starting to be some positive signs and a reduction in the number of infections and deaths.

In order to ensure the long-term stability of the time scale, the traditional timekeeping clock ensemble is mainly composed of a cesium clock and a few hydrogen masers. Since 2014, the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) has changed the weighting method of atomic clocks, using the predictability of atomic clocks to weight the global atomic clocks to obtain the International Atomic Time

To improve the measurement precision of the proton magnetometer (PM), a multi-average multi-cycle frequency measurement (M-MFM) method using both rising and falling edge of square wave is proposed in this study. First, the M-MFM method using Rising-Falling edge of square wave is presented based on the multi-cycle frequency measurement (MFM) method, and the formula of frequency measurement is deduced

Currently, one of the most serious environmental problems on the planet is air pollution by fine dust, including Particulate Matter with an aerodynamic diameter of about 10 µm (PM10) and 2.5 µm (PM2.5). The high concentration of these components, particularly in urban and industrial areas, leads to a worrying incidence of respiratory diseases. In fact, these dusts, which can be compared to a slow and

With the increasing need to ensure people's safety in crowded areas, the development of a systematic anomaly detection mechanism is becoming indispensable. Here are a few examples of recent malicious attacks targeting crowded areas in big cities: in 2016, a truck driver attacked and killed 84 persons walking in the promenade in Nice, France; and on 19 December, 2016, a truck was deliberately driven

Keysight Technologies, Inc. has introduced LoadCore 5G Core (5GC) Testing software. To take full advantage of new mobile communications standards, mobile operators are moving from an evolved packet core (EPC) to 5GC. By combining 5G NR deployment in standalone (SA) mode with a virtualized network architecture, operators can efficiently use network slicing to allocate resources for different use cases

Dear Readers It is a real pleasure for me to present this special issue of I&M Magazine on "Instrumentation and Measurement for Human Care." This issue provides advances in science and breakthrough knowledge in the field of Assistive Technology (AT). AT is a term with a very broad meaning that groups all of those devices, objects, hardware and software solutions that are intended for people who are

The past decades have seen an explosion of new sensors. The integration of advanced sensors, miniaturized components, specific circuits, devices, systems and interfaces with the association of ad hoc signal processing, artificial intelligence and control technologies have allowed the design of new human care, wellbeing and assistive devices and systems. Such systems require also the elaboration of

Together with sight and hearing, touch represents a means of communication for human beings. Indeed, the sense of touch is capable of proving a whole non-verbal language that can be developed and offer many more possibilities than traditionally believed. Much of what is found in the literature about tactile communication concerns tactile stimulation of the fingertips and hands. However, as the area

Blind people can locate and track a sound source with remarkable efficiency. Following this principle, we have developed an autonomous embedded device capable of guiding people using a spatialized virtual sound source. In this device, we use both the information provided by an accurate and low-latency real-time location system (RTLS) and the head orientation data provided by a low-cost inertial unit

Blind persons need electronic traveling aid (ETA) solutions for better orientation and navigation in unfamiliar indoor environments, with embedded features for detection and recognition of both obstacles and desired destinations such as rooms, staircases, and elevators. Because the use of GPS for locational references is impractical indoors, the development of such navigation systems is challenging

The term assistive technology identifies a wide range of solutions and services to improve the life quality of frail people, by supporting them in performing everyday tasks, accessing public services, participating in education and civic life, as well as performing well at their job [1]—[3]. Potential users of assistive technology are elders, sometimes with disabilities, diseases or mental health conditions

The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) was first used in 2009 by Kevin Ashton to refer to networks of physical devices with the capability to acquire data and forward them to a data concentrator for processing. In the last decade, IoT systems have provided effective and valuable solutions for monitoring and control in a variety of fields such as transportation, smart agriculture, smart cities and smart

Calibration and testing of instruments used in the field of health has been one of the areas of interest in metrology science in recent years. While the metrology approach in measurements is strong enough in military and industrial fields, the same cannot be said for the health field. It is well known that patient safety is the priority for measurements in the medical device industry and the health

Heart rate (HR) monitoring is a significant task in many medical, sports and aged care in assisted living applications, among other disciplines. In the literature, several works have reported effectiveness in addressing the measurement of HR using contact sensors such as adhesive or dry electro-conductive electrodes. However, there are several issues associated with contact sensors like portability

Across the globe, legislation surrounding the application of cannabinoid compounds towards human health is gaining momentum. Corresponding with new regulations is a dramatic increase in cannabinoid-based treatment options—from just a few drugs in the early 2000s to now over 300 medical products currently in human trials for ailments such as post-traumatic stress disorder, nervous system degeneration

The application of Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) has attracted more and more attention, but the energy efficiency cannot be high due to the inevitable loss. Energy efficient WPT is increasingly demanded especially in implantable devices due to their wireless inefficiency nature. In addition, many implantable devices include digital circuits such as a Microcontroller Unit (MCU) in which the supply

The worlds of human care and measurements have always been linked. It is certainly not a piece of news: no one would be surprised if I said that human care depends heavily on measurements, and that conversely, the world of measurements finds in human care one of the most flourishing and interesting applications and research fields. In fact, it is constantly evolving and increasingly linked to technology

Real time monitoring of temperature and humidity of the air conditioned by Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HMEs) and delivered to patients in intensive care units (ICU) is highly demanded by physicians. As demonstrated by recent literature, only in vivo monitoring of HMEs performances with compact portable measuring systems suitable for ICU routines could provide reliable results. One of the main challenges

This paper presents relations between real-world phenomena, sensors and measurement methods that without applied simplifications are generally nonlinear. The article is built upon real-world examples which directly affect quality of human life or straightforwardly refer to life itself. First, the health of a human being is investigated. Next, attention is moved towards measurements of water and air

Pico Technology Ltd announces the Pico-Scope 6000E Series FlexRes¯ oscilloscopes, featuring 8 channels with 500 MHz bandwidth, 16 digital channels, and resolution of 8, 10 or 12 bits. The products work with PicoScope 6 application software, which takes full advantage of the latest PC performance and display capabilities, showing clean, crisp waveforms on screens of any size and resolution. The top-of-the

Dear Readers, It is a real pleasure for me to welcome you to this special issue of the Magazine on “Instrumentation and Measurement in 2020.”

The field of Instrumentation and Measurement (I&M) is constantly and rapidly changing. These changes manifest themselves as evolutions of technologies and techniques but also as innovations. They come from the technical creativity of people in this field and also from advances in other fields. Conversely, advances in I&M also lead to advances in other fields. Given this two-way relationship, while

2019 was a big year for metrology. The international system of units was revised on World Metrology Day, May 20 th , that year [1]. What will 2020 bring? In this article we discuss five promising advances that we have on a watchlist for 2020. First, we describe the measurement of volume and gas pressure using electromagnetic waves. These measurements rely on the fixed value of the speed of light in

It is rare for someone in the engineering or science fields not to have heard of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT has been disrupting many industries by providing an unprecedented approach for a (potentially large) number of distributed components connected over a network to collect data, collaborate, and perform tasks with almost no human intervention. Spending in IoT is forecasted to reach US $1

Recently, we have observed an impressive evolution in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) which aims to reach any area of human activities to reduce the efforts of people related to boring daily jobs. AI is defined as the capacity of a computer to perform tasks commonly associated with human beings.

Currently, size of data is celebrated while only their usefulness in decision-making is actually important. Principles, methodologies and techniques of metrology are crucial to ensure proper and effective collection and use of data. Unfortunately, the fundamentals of metrology are seldom offered in educational degree programs, including those in scientific and technological subjects. Consequently,

In this paper, we explain how the requirements for rigorous, well-defined standard operating procedures, and simple, robust, inexpensive and easy-to-use detection equipment affect key aspects of instrumentation and measurement (I&M) systems applied to landmine detection in humanitarian demining. We also show how fundamental knowledge in physics and I&M, as well as industry's practical know-how (accumulated

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In the world of globalization, it is always interesting to exchange best practices, to build synergies and to create a common framework for a better fertilization. And this is particularly true in the research field where a constructive contamination could be the means for a disruptive activity.

Nowadays, Instrumentation and Measurement (I&M) play a very important role in all science domains and industry. The involved researchers around the world from universities, metrology institutes, and industry work on the development of new accurate measurement techniques, very low uncertainty instruments, and smart sensors and the evaluation of their performances. Also, current measurement standards

This paper presents a brief overview of the current state-of-the-art of Josephson junctions for Quantum-based Voltage Standards fabricated with High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS). A short introduction on the history and technical evolution of Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS) technology is provided for non-specialists. Then HTS technology is summarized and discussed in the context of quantum

The number of measurements performed in an airport is probably countless and of paramount importance for airport and flight security and safety. Measurements are performed following strict rules and best practice in metrology, otherwise our skies would not be as highly safe as they are. However, there is a small number of measurements, related to passengers' luggage that have a non-negligible and sometimes

Oceans exploration and inspection are a great challenge for the industry nowadays. The underwater instrumentation and measurements are improving due to the current technologies, or by development of new ones, to cover the demand of the new industry offshore. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), a subcategory of submarine, is used to perform subaquatic tasks. This vehicle provides advantages for

Spectrum Instrumentation has added six new Arbitrary Waveform Generators (AWGs) to its recently released M2p.65 xx series of PCIe cards. The new AWGs extend the product families' capabilities by boosting the available output range, so that waveforms can be generated with amplitude swings of up to ±12 V into 1 MΩ or ±6 V into 50 Ω. To achieve the higher output voltage ranges, the cards have been fitted

Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.