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The IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS) 2019 was the 14th edition of this conference. SAS, one of the flagship conferences of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society, brings together sensor developers, innovators, and users, providing a forum for the exploration of new applications in sensor technology. SAS 2019 was very successful thanks to a large number of high-quality articles and

This article discusses the architecture of a low-cost unmanned surface vehicle (USV) to be employed for the collection of crucial parameters about water quality in rivers, lakes, or sea. The vehicle, called water environmental mobile observer (WeMo), has been realized exploiting off-the-shelf components and is provided with a modular array of sensors to measure chemical and physical parameters as well

The main motivation of paraglider pilots is to stay in the air for as long as possible. Therefore, paraglider pilots are always searching for thermal upwind that allow them to gain altitude. These thermal lifts are difficult to detect. Therefore, sensors and devices that indicate the vertical speed (so-called variometers) are widely used among paraglider pilots. This article presents the design and

Electrodes for bioimpedance measurements remain a challenge. In practice, commercially available nonpolarizable silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) gel electrodes prove to be the best option for bioimpedance-based testing. The hydrogel layer reduces the problematic electrode–skin interface impedance, which results in a highly reliable signal. Our workgroup is developing a wearable device that estimates

We have used the same biomimetic receptor, a specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), on two different plasmonic plastic optical fiber (POF) sensors to measure how the optical response influences the chemical response. To obtain two surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platforms, we have used two different overlayers between the core of the POF and the gold film. These overlayers, with a refractive

Ionic density measurement in the burning gases is one of the techniques used to obtain information about the combustion process in automotive engines. In this article, the possibility of using a similar approach for the combustion monitoring of gas turbine combustors is considered. In particular, the potentiality of this measurement technique is investigated by modeling the problem, and analyzing the

We present a novel approach for locating a smartphone in mixed non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and line-of-sight (LOS) environments when the positions of the sensor nodes are unknown. The reception times of acoustic signals emitted by the smartphone are used to estimate the position of the target and the microphones in three dimensions. The acoustic reflections from walls are treated as unknown virtual receivers

A complete defect detection task aims to achieve the specific class and precise location of each defect in an image, which makes it still challenging for applying this task in practice. The defect detection is a composite task of classification and location, leading to related methods is often hard to take into account the accuracy of both. The implementation of defect detection depends on a special

Time–frequency analysis (TFA) technique is an effective approach to capture the changing dynamic in a nonstationary signal. However, the commonly adopted TFA techniques are inadequate in dealing with signals having a strong nonstationary characteristic or multicomponent signals having close frequency components. To overcome this shortcoming, a new TFA technique applying a polynomial chirplet transform

This paper provides the mathematical background for the precise, repeat integral signal monitor (Prism), a signal processing network node used in a variety of sensing and instrumentation applications. The key operation is a double Fourier-style integration, which can be implemented recursively using sliding windows and precisely using Romberg integration. The Prism generates one or two outputs; if

This paper proposes a wearable monitoring system for inspection in the framework of Industry 4.0. The instrument integrates augmented reality (AR) glasses with a noninvasive single-channel brain–computer interface (BCI), which replaces the classical input interface of AR platforms. Steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) are measured by a single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) and simple

In this paper, a method for performance parameters estimation of Pockels high-voltage sensors by means of numerical optimization is presented. The proposed method integrates a theoretical model for simulation of Pockels sensors, and the optimization algorithm Pattern Search to estimate the model parameters in order to minimize the difference between the experimental and theoretical peak-peak output

Schering bridge network can be used to measure the loss angle of an insulating material of electrical machines and its winding capacitance. But, this type of bridge measurement technique suffers from error due to the effect of stray capacitances in both between the bridge output nodal points and also between bridge output nodal points and the ground. These errors can be minimized by using the Wagner

Fast harmonic phasor measurements are very useful in power system protection applications, e.g., high-impedance fault location and intelligent method-based islanding detection. To address this problem, a novel harmonic phasor estimator is proposed in this paper, especially for P-class phasor measurement units (PMUs). The exponential functions are used to model the decaying dc (ddc) component, and the

The Cole model is widely used in bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) applications for evaluating the contents and status of biological tissues. Traditional frequency-domain fitting methods for Cole parameter estimation (CPE) often need wideband direct or indirect BIS measurements. The newly emerged time-domain fitting methods do not require BIS measurement, but they usually have unsatisfactory estimation

This paper addresses one of the new and most important issues arising when low-power voltage transformers (LPVTs) are used in power network substations for evaluating, among others, the residual voltage measurement. Conversely to open-triangle inductive instrument transformers, the use of phase voltage transformers for measuring the residual voltage gets challenging due to the very high accuracy required

An improved algorithm with feature selection and neural network classification is proposed in this paper to investigate the fault diagnosis problem of rotating machinery. The feature vectors are constructed by extracting the time- and frequency-domain characteristics of the overall machine under multiple operating conditions. To strengthen the fault diagnostic ability, an improved sensitive feature

For the data-driven remaining useful life (RUL) prediction for rolling bearings, the traditional machine learning-based methods generally provide insufficient feature representation and adaptive extraction. Although deep learning-based RUL prediction methods can solve these problems to some extent, they still do not yield satisfactory predictive results due to less degradation data and inconsistent

The compressive sensing theory is implemented by means of analog-to-information converter (AIC) that provides a digitized and compressed output $y$ directly from its analog input signal $x$ . A reconstruction algorithm, in turn, is needed to obtain a reconstructed signal $\hat {x}$ that estimates $x$ from $y$ . This algorithm can be far away from the AIC, linked through a communication channel, and

A noninvasive approach for high-voltage (HV) circuit breaker (CB) diagnosis, based on the time–frequency analysis of the transient electric fields (E-fields) radiated due to switching operations outside the enclosure [switching transient E-fields (STEFs)], is presented in this paper. By use of a synthetic test platform, this paper measures the STEFs generated by CBs working in both normal and fault

Two-phase flow widely exists in the process industry, where ultrasonic tomography provides reliable visualization with benefits of noninvasion, nonradiation, and low-cost. To provide real-time reconstruction of low acoustic impedance contrast medium distribution existed in two-phase flow, a novel approach using continuous-wave excitation is proposed. With the basic measurement model introduced, a subspace

An induction hysteresigraph using 50 Hz sine wave fields of 7 kOe maximum amplitude, generated by a solenoid-type multilayer coil, suitable for small amounts (down to tens of milligram) of magnetic materials is proposed. The changes in field and magnetization are detected by a field sensing coil and a compensated pick-up coil system , respectively, the as-induced signals being processed by two analog

Accurate measurement of the space charge inside insulating materials facilitates reliable assessment of insulation performance. In this paper, an improved calibration scheme based on the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) methodology is proposed for space charge measurement. First, according to the transmission-line model of the measurement system, the simulation results indicate that the acoustic impedances

Active vision systems with independent eye motion are required to update extrinsic parameters continuously to perform stereo reconstruction. The stereo parameters could be calculated through forward kinematics model plus head-eye parameters of each eye. The head-eye parameters could be calibrated through the traditional head-eye calibration method separately. However, the head-eye calibration method

This paper presents a compact, low-cost, and noninvasive system for real-time estimation of plasma sodium concentration ([Na] $_{Pl}$ ) during a hemodialysis (HD) session with state-of-the-art accuracy. It is based on the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed with a capacitively coupled impedance sensing cell and a high-frequency measurement device, both custom-built. The EIS data are processed

A high input impedance circuit to convert a single-ended (SE) voltage to its differential counterpart is proposed. It allows setting the common-mode (CM) output voltage to a reference voltage $v_{R}$ while providing gain and a balanced output. The circuit, intended to work as sensor front-end for instrumentation applications, can be implemented by using available commercial devices, thus proving a

It is of both fundamental importance and practical value to measure the frequency of an LC resonator beyond the near-field region, especially when the resonator is used as a standalone capacitive sensor embedded inside a closed environment. To improve the coupling efficiency between the resonator and the external sniffer loop, we propose a novel method to integrate the LC resonator with a wirelessly

Tools that standardize and automate experimental data collection are needed for greater confidence in research results. The National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II) has generated an open-source Python data acquisition, management, and analysis software suite that automates X-ray experiments and collects an experimental record that facilitates complete reproducibility. Here, we show that the NSLS-II

The ability to produce accurate models of nonlinear systems has grown enormously, thanks to the increase in the available computing power, thus making possible to use such models in a wide range of applications. Adopting these techniques not only enables to design much more efficient systems but also increases the need for accurate and straightforward methods to monitor distortion levels, even out

Real-time cutting force measurement is significantly important to monitor tool condition and machining process. Although commercial dynamometers are available for a range of machining applications, there is a lack of multipoint and low-cost measuring methods suitable for detecting cutting forces in harsh machining environments. In this paper, a smart cutting tool integrated with optical fiber sensors

Characteristic response parameterized in time-dependent target intrinsic polarizabilities has been widely used to create feature libraries for unexploded ordnance (UXO) discrimination. This paper discusses the accurate measurement of characteristic response for UXOs with transient electromagnetic (TEM) system. First, a specially designed TEM system, which utilizes a modified solenoid and a pair of

This paper aims at contributing to the specialized literature on the experimental characterization of metasurfaces (MTSs) reflectivity. The growing demand for angularly stable MTSs reinforces the relevance of the results under oblique incidence. Generally, reflection coefficient phase measurements are more challenging than the amplitude ones. Thus, an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is used to

In 2017, the second generation of the Joule balance achieved a measurement uncertainty of $2.4 \times 10^{-7}$ . The main source of the uncertainty is identified as the effect of the external field, resulting in $1.7 \times 10^{-7}$ in the uncertainty budget. Hence, two solutions are proposed in the Joule balance to eliminate the effect of the external field, i.e., the magnetic shielding and compensation

A new reference resistive-capacitive voltage divider is presented in this paper, operating in dc and ac from 10 to 200 kHz. The ratio error is lower than 0.1% and the phase error is lower than $400~\mu $ rad (1.375’) at 100 kHz. The divider is stable and repeatable. The scale factor (SF) and the phase error repeatability, tested in 24-h continuous measurements repeated during 15 weeks, show an SF variation

Odometer and nonholonomic constraints are crucial external aids for inertial navigation systems (INSs) to achieve desirable positioning accuracy for pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs). Exploiting the maximum potential of these constraints requires the accurate knowledge of the inevitably existing misalignment in the attitudes of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) with respect to the host vehicle (i

The aim of this paper is to investigate applicability and the effectiveness of the metamaterial-based antennas for a 5.8-GHz Doppler radar. Thus, a double negative index metamaterial structure is designed as a transmitter antenna and a near-zero index medium is integrated with a patch antenna for the receiver. Significant improvements in bandwidth for the transmitter, slight improvements in gain and

This paper presents a digital gyroscope interface system for high-frequency bulk-acoustic-wave (BAW) gyroscopes with in-run automatic mode-matching (AMM) capability. The presented work demonstrates the design and implementation of the dual-mode (DM) operation architecture on a flexible digital platform, which allows for low-cost rapid development and evaluation of new functions and architectures. Two

This paper is a nontrivial extension of prior work on rate and position table leveling and inertial and magnetic sensors calibration techniques. The table leveling is essential for a class of calibration techniques using known stimuli, herein referred to as classical techniques. Such techniques are effective for the calibration of inertial sensors as they usually lead to closed-form solutions and body

An optical fiber anemometer based on the Pitot-static tube is reported. The device was fabricated in a 3-D printer, and the pressure difference was assessed by means of a latex rubber diaphragm with a mounted fiber Bragg grating probe, so the membrane deflection is obtained in terms of the fiber curvature. The sensor characteristics were first obtained by the simulation in order to determine the correlation

The flow head of an orifice-type capacitive flow sensor for a conducting liquid consists of a vertically mounted metallic orifice plate in a horizontal pipeline made of insulating material and a rigidly grounded metallic ring or sensing ring placed surrounding the pipeline at a small distance from the orifice plate where the capacitance between the orifice plate and the sensing ring follows a linear

The onsite partial discharge (PD) detection of cable insulation is of great importance for power system maintenance. To preserve more basic features of denoised PD signal, in this paper, a PD denoising by a new class of affine projection algorithm (APA) is proposed based on the high-order error power (HOEP) criterion. We propose a new affine projection least mean absolute third algorithm (APLMATA)

This paper proposes a strategy for suppressing noise via empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-based hierarchical multiresolution analysis. First, an intrinsic mode function (IMF) index that can differentiate the noise-dominant IMFs and the information-dominant IMFs in the first level of decomposition is determined by the conventional EMD-based denoising method. Next, the EMD is applied to those discarded

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Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

Reading out from large-scale silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays is a fundamental technical obstacle blocking the application of revolutionary SiPM technologies in nuclear imaging systems. Typically, it requires using dedicated application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that need a long iterative process, special expertise, and tools to develop. The pico-positron emission tomography (Pico-PET)

We have developed a pulsed optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) array for detecting magnetic field maps originated from an arbitrary current distribution. The presented magnetic source imaging (MSI) system features 24 OPM channels, has a data rate of 500 S/s, a sensitivity of 0.8 p T / H z , and a dynamic range of 72 dB. We have employed our pulsed- OPM MSI system for measuring the magnetic field map

We report the performance of a quantum Hall resistance standard based on epitaxial graphene maintained in a 5-T tabletop cryocooler system. This quantum resistance standard requires no liquid helium and can operate continuously, allowing year-round accessibility to quantized Hall resistance measurements. The ν = 2 plateau, with a value of R K/2, also seen as R H, is used to scale to 1 kΩ using a binary

We have used the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) to provide traceability for the phase of the harmonics, relative to their fundamental frequency, of a distorted waveform. For distorted waveforms with rms values from 0.154 to 0.2 V and harmonic magnitudes from 5% to 40% of the fundamental, our system can generate odd harmonics up to the 39th with best phase uncertainties from 0.001°

We have developed a system to extend, by a factor of up to 1000, the voltage range over which Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers (JAWS) can be used in ac voltage metrology. The system is based on a precision inductive voltage divider, with a lock-in amplifier as the detector. Using a JAWS with a maximum output voltage of 250 mV (root mean square), we have made accurate voltage measurements up

This paper proposes a Kalman filter-based attitude (i.e., roll and pitch) estimation algorithm using an inertial sensor composed of a triaxial accelerometer and a triaxial gyroscope. In particular, the proposed algorithm has been developed for accurate attitude estimation during dynamic conditions, in which external acceleration is present. Although external acceleration is the main source of the attitude

Position-sensitive detectors (PSDs), or lateral-effect photodiodes, are commonly used for high-speed, high-resolution optical position measurement. This paper describes the instrument design for multidimensional position and orientation measurement based on the simultaneous position measurement of multiple modulated sources using frequency-domain-multiplexed (FDM) PSDs. The important advantages of

Capabilities for high resistance determinations are essential for calibration of currents below 1 pA, as typically requested in several applications, including semiconductor device characterization, single electron transport, and ion beam technologies. This need to calibrate low currents warrants the expansion of accessible values of high resistance. We present several methods for measuring resistances

Several graphene quantized Hall resistance (QHR) devices manufactured at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were compared to GaAs QHR devices and a 100 Ω standard resistor at the National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). Measurements of the 100 Ω resistor with the graphene QHR devices agreed within 5 nΩ/Ω of the values for the 100 Ω resistor obtained