Martial arts is a traditional sports event of the Chinese nation, which carries history and culture. With the development of “Martial Arts on Campus Activities” in recent years, more and more schools have opened general martial arts courses. However, due to the more complex technical movements of martial arts, there are often varying degrees of gaps between the movements and standard movements. Based

In stereo matching tasks, the matching effect is often very poor when the texture of the region is weak or repeated. To solve this problem, an improved Graph Cut stereo matching algorithm based on Census transform is proposed. The Hamming distance of the corresponding pixels in the left and right images after Census transform is introduced as the similarity measure in the data term of the energy function

Three-dimensional (3D) object recognition is widely used in automated driving, medical image analysis, virtual/augmented reality, artificial intelligence robots, and other areas. Deep learning is increasingly being used to solve 3D vision problems. Multi-view 3D object recognition based on the deep learning technique has become one of the rigorously researched topics because it can directly use the

RetinaNet is a typical representative of single-stage object detection, which can solve the problem of sample imbalance. However, due to the lack of region proposal extraction process in single-stage object detection, the effect of RetinaNet in dealing with the problem that object deviating from center or multi object crowding is not good. To solve this problem, we use a variety of optimization methods

Texture enhances haptic interaction by providing unique, distinguishable, and versatile surfaces. In computer haptics, texture can render environments more realistic and provide useful information. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed for virtual texture simulation by using solid noise, where only a few parameters need to be altered to generate a range of realistic and diverse textures by reproducing

Smoke usually refers to a visible aerosol produced by fuel combustion, sometimes commingled with carbon and sulfur particles because of incomplete burning. The long-term accumulation of smoke aerosols is an important factor in the formation of haze, which is an environmental concern in many countries. Developing methods of intelligent smoke detection in the air would be greatly beneficial for such

Land is the basis for human beings to engage in economic and social activities, but the continuous acceleration of the process of economic development and urban expansion has brought about a series of ecological and urban problems. Therefore, the simulation of urban spatial expansion is very important for the rational planning of urban land and the promotion of sustainable urban development. The three-dimensional

Understanding the relationship between vection speed and display speed is important to help ensure accurate self-motion experiences in a variety of applications. In the present research, a virtual optokinetic drum was used to induce circular vection at three distinct constant velocities and a method for measuring circular vection speed was developed and examined. In Experiment 1, vection strength was

High-quality night-time imaging is crucial to video surveillance, automatic drive and consumer electronics. However, different from day-time imaging, night-time imaging suffers from some disadvantages, such as low light, uneven illumination, difficult focusing, etc., which raises a great concern to the night-time imaging quality. Accordingly, a practical night-time image quality evaluation method is

This paper proposes a control chip for micro-light emitting diode (μLED) applied on real-time display system. The μLED control system has the video transmitter and the LED display matrix. The transmitter includes interface control, memory management, image format conversion. For LED display unit, we present the intercross scanning, memory management, PWM output controller, gamma correction for LED

Pose and low resolution seriously affect the synthesis of high-quality frontal face images. With the development of deep learning, a large number of models based on the deep neural network are used to solve the problem of face pose and image super-resolution. However, the synthesis of the high-resolution frontal face is still a problem that has not been fully studied. Therefore, in this paper, we propose

Special soil environment and geographic location expose tunnels in Shanghai to a higher risk of asymmetry change and non-homogeneous settlement that could make a threat to passenger safety and tunnel structure stability. Considering work efficiency and costs, current monitoring methods and frequency are not suitable for tunnel monitoring present stage requirements. To make sure tunnel under condition

Since more demands for high quality visualization have been raised in various fields, monitors with higher bit-depth (HBD) become popular in recent years. However, most digital images are at low bit-depth (LBD) and usually of low visual quality with annoying false contours when displayed on HBD monitors directly. To reconstruct visually pleasant HBD images, many bit-depth enhancement (BE) algorithms

We propose and demonstrate an approach that uses scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) and discrete viewpoint acquisition to generate large-scale elemental image array (EIA) in integral imaging. To our knowledge, the cost of acquiring the large-scale EIA with a camera array in integral imaging system is very high. To solve this problem, we adopt the discrete viewpoint pickup platform to obtain discrete

When looking for an object in a complex visual scene, Augmented Reality (AR) can assist search with visual cues persistently pointing in the target’s direction. The effectiveness of these visual cues can be reduced if they are placed at a different visual depth plane to the target they are indicating. To overcome this visual-depth problem, we test the effectiveness of adding simultaneous spatialized

Description-based person search aims to retrieve a person in the image database based on a description about that person. It is a challenging task since the visual image and the textual description belong to different modalities. To fully capture the relevance between person images and textual descriptions, we propose a multi-grained framework with three branches for visual-textual matching. Specifically

Graphical or Visual User Interface (GUI) is recognized as one of the most important application components for safety critical and business oriented software systems. It is highly advantageous for GUI designers and application developers to analyze the visual complexity of a GUI and predict users’ perception and judgment during the design phase. Although in recent years, various methods have been developed

How to effectively and accurately measure the degradation of media content is an important research topic in the field of image or video processing. Application scenarios such as online meetings, distance learning, and live game streaming make screen content video become a hot spot in Video Quality Assessment (VQA) research. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no no-reference

When the viewers sitting around the table observe 3D images, the viewing direction is generally oblique and the viewpoints should be distributed as annular. In this paper, a tabletop integral imaging (II) three-dimensional (3D) display system based on annular point light sources is demonstrated, which can present 3D images to multiple viewers in a standard annular viewing area with oblique viewing

Due to the high hardware complexity and low dose efficiency of existing X-ray phase contrast imaging, the biomedical and clinical applications of this novel imaging technique have been hindered. This study proposes a deep learning method, named DeepPhase, to extract differential phase contrast (DPC) image from two dual-energy absorption images. It obviates the need of dedicated DPC imaging devices

Image inpainting aims to restore the pixel features of damaged parts in incomplete image and plays a key role in many computer vision tasks. Image inpainting technology based on deep learning is a major current research hotspot. To deeply understand related methods and technologies, this article combs and summarizes the latest research status in this field. Firstly, we summarize inpainting methods

Complex network is graph network with non-trivial topological features often occurring in real systems, such as video monitoring networks, social networks and sensor networks. While there is growing research study on complex networks, the main focus has been on the analysis and modeling of large networks with static topology. Predicting and control of temporal complex networks with evolving patterns

Enhancing the injection of electron is an effective strategy to improve the performance of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). In this work, electron injection was improved by inserting sodium compounds NaCl, NaBr, NaI and Na2CO3, respectively, between emissive layer (EML) and electron injection layer (EIL). A maximum 49.6% increase in current efficiency (CE) of PLEDs from 10.85 to 16.24 cd/A was

The use of display devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops is now massive and continuous in everyday life. It, therefore, becomes increasingly important to be aware of the performance of these devices, not only in terms of the tasks to be performed but also in terms of interaction with humans and therefore knows any possible effect on the ergonomics of vision. Following previous research activities

Establishing mathematical models is a ubiquitous and effective method to understand the objective world. Due to the complex physiological structures and dynamic behaviors, the mathematical representation of the human face is an especially challenging task. In this paper, an explicit function called GmFace is proposed for face image representation in the form of a multi-Gaussian function. The model

The feasibility of deep convolutional neural network for fabric defect detection has been proven, but the detection performance often depends on large-scale labeled datasets. However, it is troublesome to collect large amounts of fabric defects with pixel-level labeling in industrial production. Although the weakly supervised detection methods can reduce the labeling workload, fabric defect detection

Various 3D displays have been proposed to show realistic and vivid 3D images. Moreover, 3D displays have been applied in various fields including medicine, entertainment, and advertising. Depending on the application, 3D displays have different pixel structures and sizes. In this paper, we present a 3D-display design method that can be applied regardless of the pixel structure and display sizes. The

Design of loading screens needs to be optimized given its impact on user experience. This study explored the influence of four commonly used loading feedback types on users’ mental state and behavior regarding waiting using a questionnaire survey. Users’ data (N = 90) was collected using Psychopy and Wenjuanxing. The results suggested that using a logo as the loading feedback enabled better emotional

A proposed pixel structure named ‘Sub-pixel Electrode Shielding (SES)’ is developed to improve the transmittance of eight-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display (LCD). In the SES pixel, the sub pixel electrode is designed to partially overlap with data line and encircle the main pixel to shield the effects of data signal on the common signal. Therefore, the array common electrode and data

To maximize visualization effectiveness, graphical data are commonly augmented with text to provide detailed information and define specific values. This text is often displayed in a pop-up dialog box pertaining to an object, permitting simultaneous display of the object and associated alphanumeric information. However, a human operator performance cost may be incurred when the resulting portrayal

This study reinvestigated one of the most fundamental problems in structure light depth sensing field: correspondence retrieval of features between patterns and images. We formulate the global optimum correspondence retrieval by maximizing a conditional probability of correspondence given observed features, which is depicted by a Bayesian network. Different from traditional “code-only” based correspondence

Chinese-English bilingual traffic signs (CEBTS) are widely applied in public spaces within China, but few studies have addressed the spatial arrangement of the two languages on CEBTS and road standards provide little guidance for it. This study investigates whether changes in ‘separating space’, the vertical space between bilingual place names on CEBTS, affects driver reading performance. Ten sign

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a kind of mental disorder, has become an internationally recognized serious public health problem. Paintings of autistic children have not been compared systematically to those from Typically Developed (TD) children. In this work, we construct an ASD painting database which contains 478 paintings drawn by ASD individuals and 490 drawn by the TD group. Through subjective

We propose a waveguide-based near-eye display featuring a dual-channel exit pupil expander, which is composed of an in-coupler, relay gratings, and an out-coupler. Unlike the conventional waveguide-based near-eye displays, whose field of views are usually non-split or partially split, our dual-channel exit pupil expander is able to evenly split the field of view into two halves. The greatest benefit

This study investigates the usability of various “dwell times” for selecting visual objects with eye-gaze-based input by means of eye tracking. Two experiments are described in which participants used eye-gaze-based input to select visual objects consisting of alphanumeric characters, dots, or visual icons. First, a preliminary experiment was designed to identify the range of dwell time durations suitable

The visual search of icons in a digital interface plays an important role in human-computer interaction. In this behavior study about the visual search of graphic symbols, the effects of the color combination, luminance contrast, and icon area ratio were investigated. A total of 28 participants (12 men and 16 women, ages ranging from 20 to 28 years, Mean = 22.4, SD = 1.7) were asked to perform an icon

Although many app-based textbooks are available for students, reading have not been thoroughly outlined. This study aimed to understand how changes from paper to electronic textbooks have affected the academic reading task, investigate student users’ perceptions of in-app components and screen sizes, and identify issues affecting in-app components and task requirements. A mixed factorial design experiment

Many studies have shown the benefits of augmented reality (AR) to improve manufacturing and control processes in industry. However, the presentation of AR content through optical see-through head-mounted displays may induce unnatural viewing conditions, which consequences on the user’s visual system have not been investigated yet. This study aimed at assessing whether using AR instructions to guide

The proliferation of higher quality connected sensors is consistently increasing the amount of information available to operators, increasing the complexity of displayed information. Coupling this increase in information with larger, higher addressability displays may lead to increasingly complex visual search paradigms. The current research explored the effect of both display size and distractor symbol

Abstract Simulator sickness has been a pervasive problem as head-mounted displays (HMDs) grow in popularity. Recent work showed that people can adapt to constant latency in an HMD, but latency that varies has not been examined. In this study, participants performed a shooting task while wearing an HMD during three sessions separated by 48 hours under conditions of constant or varying latency. Performance

Abstract This study investigated the effect of age (elderly and young participants), input methods (keyboard and handwriting), and input tools (finger and stylus) on participants’ performance in operating handheld devices. The correct ratio and execution time for device operation served as the criteria for performance evaluation. The study results revealed that the interaction between age, input method

Abstract Geometric models are tools used to analyze geometric distortions in S3D viewing. For standard geometric models, 3D perception is predicted by calculating the intersection between the two projection lines from the left and the right eye to two corresponding onscreen points. However, standard geometric models fail in two conditions: (1) S3D images are captured by converging cameras (toe-in)

Abstract The manipulation of colour in display symbology design has been recognised as a method to improve operator experience and performance. An earlier paper by the authors demonstrated that redundantly colour coding head-up flight symbology supported the manual flying performance of both professional and non-professional pilots during low-workload flying scenarios. In this study the workload and

Abstract Highway tunnel lighting environments include sidewall, pavement, ceiling, etc., their surface luminance were affected by the distribution of luminous flux of the lamps. While driving through a highway tunnel, the driver needs to complete a series of visual tasks. The spatial distribution of the luminance and color on the road surface and sidewall, as well as the correlated color temperature

Abstract We analyzed several model designs that have been subjected to incremental increase in the isotropically distributed strain for an elastomer component which is integrated into a four-actuator microelectromechanical system (MEMS) with a hybrid configuration in this study. Based on the fundamental configuration in which a cross-shaped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure was placed above the

Abstract Large-field optic flow generates the illusory percept of self-motion, termed ‘vection’. Smoother visual motion displays generate a more compelling subjective sense of vection and objective postural responses, as well as a greater sense of immersiveness for the user observing the visual display. Research suggests that the function linking frame rate and vection asymptotes at 60 frames per second

Abstract In this human subject study about interaction with head-up displays (HUDs), the impacts of three types of HUDs (flag, perspective, and flag and perspective) on experienced and inexperienced drivers were subjectively and objectively measured. The driving experiment divided 60 participants into two groups (experienced and inexperienced) and assessed their driving experiences in real high- and

Abstract Light reaching the retina elicits ocular symptoms that lead to some changes of human physiology and performance. However, its influence on ocular system is still unclear due to the lack of comprehensive analysis of ocular parameters. This study investigated the effects of corneal illuminance and display area on the oculomotor system based on eye-tracking technology, and a visual display unit

Abstract When viewing stereoscopic 3D (S3D) displays, excessive binocular disparity is one of the major sources for the induced visual fatigue. Limiting the disparity within a certain range termed ‘comfort zone’ is a useful approach to alleviate the negative impact of viewing the S3D displays. Using the event-related potential (ERP) approach, we have previously showed that the differential P3 (DP3)

Abstract We examine the effect of the (luminance) ratio of ambient luminance to tablet surface luminance on text legibility and fatigue over 1 h of long-term reading with a tablet PC in low-ambient-luminance environments limited to 45 cd/m2 (illuminance ∼ 230 lx). Four reading-pattern subject experiments are carried out at ambient-luminance-to-tablet-surface-luminance ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:6, and 1:9

Abstract A light field display (LFD) can provide high immersion three-dimensional (3D) visual experience by accurately reconstructing the light field information of 3D objects, which usually require a large number of views and high resolution. However, the information capacity provided by the LFD is limited, so the view number and the view resolution are mutually constrained. Few effective standards

Abstract In order to correctly read and interpret interface information shown on the interface of vital signs monitor, the challenging problems of misreading and misinterpreting the information must be addressed. Therefore, a visual search experiment that the text characteristics of the interface is carried out in this study to categorize parameterized information and encode parameterized numbers on

Abstract With the advances of human-machine systems, tactile displays have become one of the important features for modern products. Tactile feedback can increase working efficiency and help humans to explore new environments or objects by the sense of touch. This study used a 3 × 3 electromagnet array and a ferrofluid bladder to build a tactile display module, which can create smooth and continuous

Abstract In this paper, a new backlight dimming method using weighted mean-square-error (MSE) based on joint edge-saliency characteristics is proposed. In contrast to conventional backlight dimming methods that cannot accurately evaluate the saturation error and determine the optimal clipping point to achieve the best trade-off between image quality and power consumption, the proposed method, with

Abstract This study examines the essential effects of visual feedback on users’ perceptions of time and on their evaluations of waiting time for a mobile application user interface. The two variables adopted in this experiment are wait indicator visual feedback and waiting time. Three types of visual feedback were used: bar indicator, pie indicator, and cartoon indicator. Three waiting times were used:

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine how latency in a head-mounted display (HMD) affects human performance. Virtual environments (VEs) are used frequently for training. However, VEs can cause simulator sickness. Prior work in our laboratory has examined the role of varying latency in simulator sickness. However, the effect of varying latency on task performance has not been examined

Abstract Drivers’ visual performance is closely related to traffic safety in a real driving environment. In order to improve the traffic safety of road tunnel lighting, the effect of LED lighting on human visual performance was investigated using reaction time as a parameter. The experiment was performed with a scale model that can simulate a road tunnel lighting environment. Reaction times were measured

Abstract The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has developed a standard set of colors for coding information on air traffic control (ATC) displays. A significant complication was that the air traffic controller population includes people who have color-vision deficiencies (CVDs). We wrote a software tool to assist the FAA in selecting a preliminary color set. It accepts a set of luminances and