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A workflow for evaluating occupant-centric controls using building simulation J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Brodie W. Hobson; Brent Huchuk; H. Burak Gunay; William O’Brien
Indoor climate and lighting in office buildings are operated using static and conservative setpoints and schedules that are sub-optimal for real occupancy/occupants’ diverse preferences. In contrast, occupant-centric control (OCC) is an operational strategy whereby occupancy/occupants’ preferences are estimated to improve energy efficiency and comfort. This paper develops a practical workflow for implementing
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Simulation-aided development of automated solar shading control strategies using performance mapping and statistical classification J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Samuel B. de Vries; Roel C. G. M. Loonen; Jan L. M. Hensen
This paper presents a structured, generically applicable, method for using building performance simulation to aid the development of comfort-driven solar shading controls by mapping predicted occupant comfort conditions to sensor measurements. The method uses confusion matrices as a statistical classification approach to facilitate (i) selection of sensor deployment strategies that offer beneficial
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Development of a metamodelling framework for building energy models with application to fifth-generation district heating and cooling networks J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Nicholas Long; Fatema Almajed; Justus von Rhein; Gregor Henze
Fully defined physics-based building energy models can accurately represent building systems; however, generating models based on high-level parameters is time consuming and simulation time of complex models can be slow. This article discusses the development of a Metamodelling Framework to create metamodels from a building energy modelling dataset. The framework generates metamodels using either linear
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Occupant-Centric key performance indicators to inform building design and operations J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-02-07 Han Li; Zhe Wang; Tianzhen Hong
Building performance indicators are widely used to guide building design and track and benchmark operational performance. Traditional building performance indicators mostly focus on the energy efficiency perspective. As occupants are the primary building service recipients in residential and most commercial buildings, their comfort and wellbeing are crucial. This study first identified significant
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Occupant-Centric key performance indicators to inform building design and operations J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-02-07 Han Li; Zhe Wang; Tianzhen Hong
Building performance indicators are widely used to guide building design and track and benchmark operational performance. Traditional building performance indicators mostly focus on the energy efficiency perspective. As occupants are the primary building service recipients in residential and most commercial buildings, their comfort and wellbeing are crucial. This study first identified significant
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Modelling of surface and inner wall temperatures in the analysis of courtyard thermal performances in Mediterranean climates J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 V.P. López-Cabeza; F.J. Carmona-Molero; S. Rubino; C. Rivera-Gómez; E.D. Fernández-Nieto; C. Galán-Marín; T. Chacón-Rebollo
Courtyards are an effective passive strategy for improving the energy performance of buildings. However, there is a lack of accurate simulation tools for their thermal performance due to their complex thermodynamics. This paper’s contribution is the coupling of a CFD model with a system of differential equations at the walls, governing surface and inner wall temperatures, providing an accurate computation
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Evaluation of data-driven thermal models for multi-hour predictions using residential smart thermostat data J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Brent Huchuk; Scott Sanner; William O'Brien
Predictive residential HVAC controls can reduce a building's energy consumption; however, they require customized thermal models for each home. In this setting, detailed physical models are not practical. Fortunately, the recent availability of fine-grained thermostat data from residential buildings combined with modern machine learning creates an unprecedented opportunity to build customized data-driven
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Sustainability evaluation for early design (SEED) framework for energy use, embodied carbon, cost, and daylighting assessment J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Allison Bernett; Katharina Kral; Timur Dogan
ABSTRACT Given climate change and rapid global development, buildings must meet increasingly stringent environmental performance goals. Although numerous building simulation software assess energy performance, few inform the early stages of design when critical decisions impacting energy use and carbon footprint are made. Underrepresented early design simulation software could potentially significantly
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Analysing modelling challenges of smart controlled ventilation systems in educational buildings J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Bart Merema; Dirk Saelens; Hilde Breesch
Demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) is a crucial part of ventilation design used in buildings and its effects are widely studied in modern construction. To assess the effect of DCV, accurate models are required. The simulation of CO2-based DCV is still challenging due to the complexity of the system. In addition, in this type of system, there is a prominent interaction between the temperature and CO2
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Parametric PGD model used with orthogonal polynomials to assess efficiently the building's envelope thermal performance J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Marie-Hélène Azam; Julien Berger; Sihem Guernouti; Philippe Poullain; Marjorie Musy
ABSTRACT Estimating the temperature field of a building envelope could be a time-consuming task. The use of a reduced-order method is then proposed: the Proper Generalized Decomposition method. The solution of the transient heat equation is then re-written as a function of its parameters: the boundary conditions, the initial condition, etc. To avoid a tremendous number of parameters, the initial condition
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A numerical model to simulate the dynamic performance of Breathing Walls J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Andrea Alongi; Adriana Angelotti; Livio Mazzarella
A one-dimensional Finite Difference Model for Breathing Wall components under time dependent Dirichlet boundary conditions is presented. The algorithm undergoes a comprehensive validation against a dynamic analytical model, under either sinusoidal and generically periodic boundary conditions, adopting different airflow velocities and in relation to capacitive and resistive materials alternatively.
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Standardization of optimization methodology of daylighting and shading strategy: a case study of an architectural design studio – the German University in Cairo, Egypt J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-12-06 Mina Ishac; Wafaa Nadim
Open-air school movement aims to maximize daylighting through fully glazed façade to enhance the well-being and performance of students. Excessive daylight, however, causes discomfort and would, therefore, require shading. While research into optimizing daylighting are numerous; these, however, do not seem to follow a clear and consistent path of investigation. Consequently, the optimized solution
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Model-based multivariable regression model for thermal comfort in naturally ventilated spaces with personalized ventilation J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Mariam Itani; Dalia Ghaddar; Nesreen Ghaddar; Kamel Ghali
This work proposes a method for developing an accurate correlation to predict thermal comfort (TC) as function of occupant physiological and environmental parameters. This method is implemented for a space that relies on hybrid natural ventilation (NV) and personalized ventilation (PV) cooling. Multivariable linear regression was adopted to develop the TC correlation while retaining variables based
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The impact of a reduced training subspace on the prediction accuracy of neural networks for hygrothermal predictions J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Astrid Tijskens; Hans Janssen; Staf Roels
Performing a probabilistic assessment of a building component can easily become computationally inhibitive. To solve this issue, the hygrothermal model can be replaced by a metamodel, which mimics the original model with a strongly reduced calculation time. In this paper, convolutional neural networks are used to predict hygrothermal performance. Because neural networks do not extrapolate well outside
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Fluid temperature predictions of geothermal borefields using load estimations via state observers J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Iago Cupeiro Figueroa; Massimo Cimmino; Ján Drgoňa; Lieve Helsen
ABSTRACT Fluid temperature predictions of geothermal borefields usually involve temporal superposition of its characteristic g-function, using load aggregation schemes to reduce computational times. Assuming that the ground has linear properties, it can be modelled as a linear state-space system where the states are the aggregated loads. However, the application and accuracy of these models is compromised
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On modelling effects in the battery and thermal storage scheduling problem J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Alexander Murray; Thomas Schütz; Guanru Pan; Dirk Müller; Veit Hagenmeyer
ABSTRACT The growing use of intermittent renewable energy sources requires an increased amount of storage capacity to match uncertain generation with uncertain demand. A possible solution is the use of thermal and electrical storages. This paper compares several model formulations: mixed integer linear programs (MILPs), nonlinear programs (NLPs), mixed integer nonlinear programs (MINLPs) for optimizing
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Effective and scalable modelling of existing non-domestic buildings with radiator system under uncertainty J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Qi Li; Ruchi Choudhary; Yeonsook Heo; Godfried Augenbroe
Effective and scalable methods for modelling existing non-domestic buildings and their HVAC systems under uncertainty continue to be instrumental in risk-conscious building performance assessment, recommissioning, and retrofit practice. This study makes such an attempt for large buildings with radiator system with a modelling method that builds upon detailed state space models of radiator-heated spaces
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Building energy optimization using surrogate model and active sampling J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-10-04 Keivan Bamdad; Michael E. Cholette; John Bell
In order to improve the performance of a surrogate model-based optimization method for building optimization problems, a new active sampling strategy employing a committee of surrogate models is developed. This strategy selects new samples that are in the regions of the parameter space where the surrogate model predictions are highly uncertain and have low energy use. Results show that the new sampling
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Quantification of the energy use due to occupant behaviour collected in surveys: a case study of a green and non-green building J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-10-04 Laura M. M. C. E. Almeida; Vivian W. Y. Tam; Khoa N. Le
Perceptions of occupants to energy use, collected in questionnaire surveys, were used as input variable for building simulations. These perceptions are related to occupant interactions with lighting, plug loads, heating, cooling, windows opening and shading. The simulations were performed to a green-rated (GB) and a non-rated building, in Sydney Australia, with similar characteristics. The simulation
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Risk-informed multi-criteria decision framework for resilience, sustainability and energy analysis of reinforced concrete buildings J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-10-04 Esmaeel Asadi; Zhenglai Shen; Hongyu Zhou; Abdullahi Salman; Yue Li
ABSTRACT With recent advancement in energy-based sustainable design of building structures, the need for inclusive yet practical models to integrate resilience and sustainability is increasingly recognized. This paper integrates structural seismic resilience and sustainability assessment methods with whole-building energy simulation techniques to present a new comprehensive decision model for the design
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A study on the integration of air-source heat pumps, solar collectors, and PCM tanks for outdoor swimming pools for winter application in subtropical climates J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Yantong Li; Natasa Nord; Huijun Wu; Zhun (Jerry) Yu; Gongsheng Huang
This study presents a new integration of air-source heat pumps, solar collectors, and phase change material tanks regarding the dynamics of outdoor swimming pools, and investigates its application in outdoor swimming pools to extend their availability in the winter in subtropical climates. Since multiple heat sources are used, two issues in the development are addressed: (1) main component sizing and
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State-space models for building control: how deep should you go? J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Baptiste Schubnel; Rafael E. Carrillo; Paolo Taddeo; Lluc Canal Casals; Jaume Salom; Yves Stauffer; Pierre-Jean Alet
Power consumption in buildings show nonlinear behaviours that linear models cannot capture, whereas recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can. This ability makes RNNs attractive alternatives for the model-predictive control (MPC) of buildings. However, RNNs are nonlinear and non-smooth functions which makes their use challenging in optimization problems. Therefore, this work systematically investigates
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Integration of a practical model to assess the local urban interactions in building energy simulation with a street canyon J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Adnane M’Saouri El Bat; Zaid Romani; Emmanuel Bozonnet; Abdeslam Draoui
To improve the prediction of the building’s energy performance, it has become necessary to evaluate their interactions with the urban microclimate. This study aims to propose an integrated model in the TRNSYS software with a simplified approach to assess building energy demand, including microclimate interactions on buildings. This model is based on thermoradiative and aeraulic modelling by considering
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POD–DEIM model order reduction for nonlinear heat and moisture transfer in building materials J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-09-06 Tianfeng Hou; Karl Meerbergen; Staf Roels; Hans Janssen
In this paper, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method and the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) are combined to construct a reduced-order model for a cost-optimal simulation of heat and moisture transfer in building materials. The POD-DEIM performance is assessed via two applications: a relatively simple case study on nonlinear heat conduction and a more complex case study on
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The effects of medical staff turning movements on airflow distribution and particle concentration in an operating room J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-09-06 Haslinda Mohamed Kamar; Keng Yinn Wong; Nazri Kamsah
The present study aims to examine the effects of medical staff’s turning movements on the number of particles falling onto the patient. A simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the operating room was developed and validated based on the published data. An RNG k-ε turbulence model based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations was used to simulate the airflow, while a
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Human-centric green building design: the energy saving potential of occupants’ behaviour enhancement in the office environment J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Benedetta Pioppi; Cristina Piselli; Chiara Crisanti; Anna Laura Pisello
Buildings energy efficiency is highly dependent on occupants’ energy and environmental lifestyle. In this view, this work aims at identifying the potential benefits of human-based energy retrofit strategies, namely human behaviour triggering actions and associated energy awareness, through large-scale surveys and calibrated building dynamic simulation. In detail, a questionnaire is submitted to office
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Simulating energy savings potential with high-resolution daylight and occupancy sensing in open-plan offices J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 Daniel Lowcay; H. Burak Gunay; William O’Brien
Office lighting installations often inefficiently expend energy illuminating space that is unoccupied and/or already receiving adequate daylight. Illuminance and occupancy sensors can enable substantial energy savings by deploying electric lighting only in proximity to occupants, and at levels required to supplement available daylight. Savings vary based on sensor granularity, daylight availability
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Deep neural network approach for annual luminance simulations J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-08-23 Yue Liu; Alex Colburn; Mehlika Inanici
Annual luminance maps provide meaningful evaluations for occupants’ visual comfort and perception. This paper presents a novel data-driven approach for predicting annual luminance maps from a limited number of point-in-time high-dynamic-range imagery by utilizing a deep neural network. A sensitivity analysis is performed to develop guidelines for determining the minimum and optimum data collection
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Investigation of wind induced vibration and acoustic performance interactions for a flexible roof through multiphysics approach J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-08-23 Fabio Rizzo; Paolo Zazzini; Sergio Montelpare; Alessandro Ricciutelli
This paper analyses structural and acoustic performance interactions of a building covered with a cable net and membrane roof following a multiphysics approach. The problem has three different variables: the roof time-depending deformed shape under wind action (duration 1800 s), the extremely variable position of a singer on the stage (30 s speaker recorded movements were expanded through a 6th order
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Enhanced EnHub: dynamic simulation of housing stock energy systems J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-07-31 Gustavo Sousa; Darren Robinson
In the UK, heating systems are the most prominent contributor to residential energy demand, with about 80% of the share. Their representation has thus been at the core of all UK-focussed Housing Stock Energy Models (HSEMs). However, these HSEMs estimate heating demand based on monthly or annual energy balances, with correspondingly approximate representations of heating systems and practices (incl
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Deriving sequences of operation for air handling units through building performance optimization J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 H. Burak Gunay; Guy Newsham; Araz Ashouri; Ian Wilton
Operational parameters of air handling units (AHUs) play an important role in the energy and comfort performance of commercial buildings. Current guidelines to determine these parameters are based on heuristics and are not informed by formal optimization. This paper presents a building performance optimization method to derive sequence of operations for multi-zone AHUs. To this end, 27 variants of
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An open source analysis framework for large-scale building energy modeling J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Brian L. Ball; Nicholas Long; Katherine Fleming; Chris Balbach; Phylroy Lopez
Full integration of building energy modelling into the design and retrofit process has long been a goal of building scientists and practitioners. However, significant barriers still exist. Among them are the lack of available: (1) configurable technology stacks for performing both small- and large-scale analyses, (2) different classes of algorithms compatible with common design workflows, and (3) analysis
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Identification of multi-zone grey-box building models for use in model predictive control J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 Javier Arroyo; Fred Spiessens; Lieve Helsen
Predictive controllers can greatly improve the performance of energy systems in buildings. An important challenge of these controllers is the need of a building model accurate and simple enough for optimization. Grey-box modelling stands as a popular approach, but the identification of reliable grey-box models is hampered by the complexity of the parameter estimation process, specifically for multi-zone
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Building control virtual test bed and functional mock-up interface standard: comparison in the context of campus energy modelling and control J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 Mohammad Hassan Fathollahzadeh; Paulo Cesar Tabares-Velasco
This paper compares Building Control Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) and Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) standard to conduct coupled energy modelling and control for academic and research campuses. The intent is to systematically compare BCVTB and FMI. As proof-of-concept demonstration, building energy models of Colorado School of Mines are developed in EnergyPlus and coupled through BCVTB and FMI. The
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A methodology for generating reduced-order models for large-scale buildings using the Krylov subspace method J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-05-24 Donghun Kim; Yeonjin Bae; Sehyun Yun; James E. Braun
Developing a computationally efficient but accurate building energy simulation (BES) model is important for many purposes. Model order reduction (MOR) methods are attractive and much more reliable than identification approaches, since it directly extract a lower-dimensional model from a detailed physics-based model without any pre-simulations. However, because of computational and data storage requirements
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Ultrafine particle transport inside an operating room equipped with turbulent diffusers J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-05-24 Salahudeen Mohamed; Giorgio Buonanno; Nicola Massarotti; Alessandro Mauro
The present study numerically and experimentally investigates, for the first time in the literature, the thermo-fluid dynamics and ultrafine particle (UFP) concentration in surgical smoke, with diameters smaller than 100 nm, inside an actual operating room (OR) equipped with a turbulent circular diffuser system. The velocity values and temperature fields measured during the experimental analysis at
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Improvement of borehole heat exchanger model performance by calibration using measured data J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-05-22 Anjan Rao Puttige; Staffan Andersson; Ronny Östin; Thomas Olofsson
Planning the operation of large ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems requires accurate models of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) that are not computationally intensive. In this paper, we propose parameter estimation using measured data as a method to improve the analytical models of BHE. The method was applied to a GSHP system operating for over 3 years. The deviation between modelled and measured
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Modelling of rooms with active chilled beams J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 Peter Filipsson; Anders Trüschel; Jonas Gräslund; Jan-Olof Dalenbäck
ABSTRACT Active chilled beams (ACBs) are often modelled as generic cooling devices. Due to induction, the air flow discharged from an ACB is several times higher than supplied from the air handling unit, and due to its design, it affects the temperature of the ceiling to a greater extent than an arbitrary cooling device. This paper investigates the impact of taking these features into account when
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A stepwise approach for assessing the appropriate occupant behaviour modelling in building performance simulation J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 Isabella Gaetani; Pieter-Jan Hoes; Jan L. M. Hensen
Occupant behaviour (OB) is recognized as a leading source of uncertainty in building performance predictions. Neglecting the potential influence of uncertainties on building performance could result in erroneous decision-making during the design phase. Therefore, it is essential that uncertainties are appropriately considered within building performance simulation (BPS) models. As for OB, there are
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Development of event-driven optimal control for central air-conditioning systems J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-03-17 Jin Hou; Xiaowei Luo; Gongsheng Huang; Linfeng Zhang; Zhun (Jerry) Yu; Mahroo Eftekhari
Event-driven optimal control was recently developed for central air-conditioning systems to speed up the response of optimal control to irregular changes in the system optioning conditions. In a time-driven paradigm usually, the optimization is carried out with a constant frequency, however the event-driven optimal control triggers optimization actions by events, which will be essentially defined to
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The first world championship in cybernetic building optimization J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-03-17 Eisuke Togashi; Masato Miyata; Yoshihide Yamamoto
ABSTRACT The World Championship in Cybernetic Building Optimization (WCCBO) was held in 2019 to test participants’ ability to optimize buildings cybernetically. Office buildings with a total floor area of 10,000 m2 were built in cyberspace, one for each of the 33 participating teams. The cyber buildings were controlled by BACnet, and the participants competed to show their operational skills by tuning
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Grafting of design-space models onto models of different scope or resolution J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 Gian Luca Brunetti
Building performance simulation can support parametric explorations of design option spaces. Resources available for modelling and computing often require the reduction of the descriptive information of a design solution at the level of design-space model rather than at that of building model. To obtain that reduction, two design-space models of different scope (for example, one full-scope and simplified
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Exploring the use of traditional heat transfer functions for energy simulation of buildings using discrete events and quantized-state-based integration J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-02-06 Víctor-Manuel Soto-Francés; Emilio-José Sarabia-Escrivá; José-Manuel Pinazo-Ojer; Pedro-Juan Martínez-Beltrán
The target of the paper is to study how to devise an efficient discrete-event model for the yearly energy simulation of buildings. Conventionally, software tools use time-driven schemes and many components must be computed at every sampling time-point. Event-driven simulation aims at lowering this burden, by calling only those components whose state is evolving quickly. The article explores a model
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The impact of weather data sources on building energy retrofit design: case study in heating-dominated climate of Italian backcountry J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 Rosa Francesca De Masi; Antonio Gigante; Silvia Ruggiero; Giuseppe Peter Vanoli
This study proposes a replicable approach for evaluating the impact of different weather data sources during the building refurbishment. Starting from a deep energy diagnosis, the numerical model is calibrated by using the weather data and the energy billings of the same year. Then, the performance gap is evaluated due to the adoption of conventional or new weather files defined with data recently
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Aggregating set-point temperature profiles for archetype-based: simulations of the space heat demand within residential districts J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-02-18 Ina De Jaeger; Annelies Vandermeulen; Bram van der Heijde; Lieve Helsen; Dirk Saelens
With the increasing integration of multiple energy carriers in district energy systems, an accurate simulation of the district energy demand becomes more crucial. To reduce the required computational power, the district energy demand is often quantified through a limited set of archetype buildings, representing the whole district. As the temporal behaviour is important to assess district energy systems
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Development of reference summer weather years for analysis of overheating risk in buildings J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-02-18 A. Laouadi; A. Gaur; M. A. Lacasse; M. Bartko; M. Armstrong
Overheating in buildings arising from climatic extreme heat events has been identified as a health concern to vulnerable occupants. However, there have been very limited studies to generate suitable weather data to evaluate by simulation the overheating risk and its effect on the comfort and health of occupants. This paper develops a methodology to identify reference summer weather years (RSWY) for
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Understanding the acoustics of St. John’s Baptistery in Pisa through a virtual approach J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-02-17 D. D'Orazio; G. Fratoni; E. Rossi; M. Garai
The virtual acoustics provide an important tool in the comprehension of the architectural evolution of a historical place, offering the possibility to consciously operate for its preservation. St. John’s Baptistery represents an outstanding example of medieval architecture, recognized as UNESCO World Heritage and popular for its huge reverberation. When compared to other similar central-symmetry buildings
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A model for predicting the solar reflectivity of the ground that considers the effects of accumulating and melting snow J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Luminita Dumitrascu; Ian Beausoleil-Morrison
Simulation tools for predicting building thermal performance and solar system performance must accurately calculate solar irradiance to surfaces of arbitrary orientation. This is imperative to correctly predict passive solar gains to buildings and to accurately estimate thermal and electrical production of solar collectors. In cold climates, where snow covers the ground for long periods of time, ground
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Bayesian calibration at the urban scale: a case study on a large residential heating demand application in Amsterdam J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2020-02-23 Cheng-Kai Wang; Simon Tindemans; Clayton Miller; Giorgio Agugiaro; Jantien Stoter
A bottom-up building energy modelling at the urban scale based on Geographic Information System and semantic 3D city models can provide quantitative insights to tackle critical urban energy challenges. Nevertheless, incomplete information is a common obstacle to produce reliable modelling results. The residential building heating demand simulation performance gap caused by input uncertainties is discussed
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A comparison of building energy optimization problems and mathematical test functions using static fitness landscape analysis J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-11-14 Christoph Waibel, Georgios Mavromatidis, Ralph Evins, Jan Carmeliet
Computational optimization is gaining popularity in energy-efficient building design. For choosing an algorithm or setting its parameters, often mathematical test functions are employed. This study, therefore, investigates differences and similarities between such test functions and building energy optimization (BEO) problems. A fitness landscape analysis (FLA) is conducted with existing and newly
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Phenomenological modelling of phase transitions with hysteresis in solid/liquid PCM J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-09-05 Tilman Barz, Johannn Emhofer, Klemens Marx, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Luisa F. Cabeza
Technical-grade and mixed solid/liquid phase change materials (PCM) typically melt and solidify over a temperature range, sometimes exhibiting thermal hysteresis. Three phenomenological phase transition models are presented which are directly parametrized using data from complete melting and solidification experiments. They predict hysteresis phenomena and are used to calculate effective PCM properties
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Photon mapping in image-based visual comfort assessments with BSDF models of high resolution J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-09-03 Lars O. Grobe
Data-driven models replicate the irregular Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions (BSDFs) of optically Complex Fenestration Systems in daylight simulation. RADIANCE employs the tensor tree to store the BSDF at high directional resolution. Its application in backward ray-tracing is however challenging, since the density of stochastic samples must match the model resolution. BSDF proxy and peak
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Modelling of contaminant dispersion in underfloor air distribution systems: comparison of analytical and CFD methods J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-08-18 Mohamad Kanaan
Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems are known to provide thermal comfort and good indoor air quality (IAQ) at relatively low energy cost. The aim of this paper is to develop an analytical model to predict the vertical CO2 distributions inside contaminated thermal plumes and in the surrounding air in UFAD spaces. The 2D model is based on thermal plume and turbulent fountain theory and it accounts
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A generalization approach for reduced order modelling of commercial buildings J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-07-26 Mohammad Haris Shamsi, Usman Ali, James O’Donnell
Energy-efficient retrofits have become crucial in building sector as approximately 80% of buildings in developed countries are over 10 years old. Building simulation tools are now being used to provide estimates of energy consumption and implement various models which differ on the basis of enclosed details. Not all of these models are effective in terms of computation and the associated computational
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Evaluation of the ground-coupled quasi-stationary heat transfer in buildings by means of an accurate and computationally efficient numerical approach and comparison with the ISO 13370 procedure J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-06-13 M. Libralato, A. De Angelis, O. Saro
The purpose of this article is to present and validate a computationally efficient numerical approach for the calculation of the ground-coupled heat transfer in buildings with periodic boundary conditions. When the boundary conditions of the heat transfer problem are described by periodic functions, it is possible to consider the transient state problem as a quasi-stationary problem with considerable
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Coupled hybrid modelling within the Fire Dynamics Simulator: transient transport and mass storage J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-05-10 Benjamin Ralph, Ricky Carvel, Jason Floyd
Non-prescriptive design within fire engineering is becoming more prevalent as buildings get taller and more complex. This necessitates the increased use of reliable deterministic predictions, typically computational fluid dynamics-based models. Driven by time constraints, modellers are required to limit the domain to reduce wall time. This ignores the two-way coupling of a fire and a total building
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An ANN-based model for the prediction of internal lighting conditions and user actions in non-residential buildings J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-05-02 Varvara N. Katsanou, Minas C. Alexiadis, Dimitris P. Labridis
This paper presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based approach able to predict the internal lighting conditions in a working environment, taking into account the daylight entering the respective space as well as the special requirements of each user. The model training procedure is based both on real illuminance and occupancy data (measurements throughout a year) and on simulations, in order
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Assessing scalability of a low-voltage distribution grid co-simulation through functional mock-up interface J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-04-02 Vincent Reinbold, Christina Protopapadaki, Jean-Philippe Tavella, Dirk Saelens
State-of-the-art Modelica tools for modelling and simulating multi-physical systems have reached certain maturity among the building physics community. Hence, simulation is widely used for control, sizing and performance assessment of energy systems. However, serious efficiency issues arise for large-scale models. This article proposes a practical application of co-simulation methods on detailed district
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Development of building thermal environment emulator to evaluate the performance of the HVAC system operation J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-04-02 Eisuke Togashi, Masato Miyata
A “performance gap” arises when the actual value of building energy consumption during the operational phase deviates from the value predicted using simulation during the design phase. One cause of this performance gap is that operation is not ideal, as assumed in the simulation, and the control of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is not optimized. These problems occur because
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Simulation of Legionella concentration in domestic hot water: comparison of pipe and boiler models J. Build. Perform. Simul. (IF 3.458) Pub Date : 2019-03-26 Elisa Van Kenhove, Lien De Backer, Arnold Janssens, Jelle Laverge
The energy needed for the production of domestic hot water (DHW) represents an important share in the total energy demand of well-insulated and airtight buildings. DHW is produced, stored and distributed above 60°C to kill Legionella pneumophila. This elevated temperature is not necessary for DHW applications and has a negative effect on the efficiency of hot water production units. In this paper,