Mutual injection locking of multi‐element graphene nanoribbon impact avalanche transit time (G‐IMPATT) sources designed to operate at different millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) and terahertz frequencies has been studied. Planar circuit is used for implementing the mutual injection locking between adjacent elements of the source operating in parallel‐connected‐power‐combined mode. The static, high frequency

In this paper, a drain‐engineered double‐gate Tunnel‐FET (DE‐DG‐TFET) to enhance the electrical characteristics and analog parameters of a conventional DG‐TFET is proposed and examined through calibrated TCAD simulations. Unlike DG‐TFET, a constant n ‐type doping, N cd, (5 × 1017 cm−3 − 2 × 1018 cm−3), in the channel/drain regions of DE‐DG‐TFET is used, resulting in a p+‐n‐n structure instead of conventional

This article presents a Bayesian extension of the vector fitting (VF) procedure for rational approximation of frequency‐domain responses. The proposed method treats the linear part of VF in a Bayesian way, while propagating distributions through the nonlinear part by sampling. As such, it is capable of providing data‐driven uncertainty information along with the rational fit. The Bayesian VF technique

A novel, large‐signal behavioral modeling methodology for radio frequency power transistors, based on the modified canonical sectionwise piecewise‐linear (CSWPL) functions, is presented in this article. The basic theory of the proposed model is provided. Compared with the existing standard CSWPL model, the proposed model provides superior prediction capabilities for a reasonable increase in model complexity

The major bottleneck of electromagnetic (EM)‐driven antenna design is the high CPU cost of massive simulations required by parametric optimization, uncertainty quantification, or robust design procedures. Fast surrogate models may be employed to mitigate this issue to a certain extent. Unfortunately, the curse of dimensionality is a serious limiting factor, hindering the construction of conventional

Electromagnetic phenomena are mathematically described by solutions of boundary value problems. For exploiting symmetries of these boundary value problems in a way that is offered by techniques of dimensional reduction, it needs to be justified that the derivative in symmetry direction is constant or even vanishing. A generalized notion of symmetry can be defined with different directions at every

A p‐i‐p‐i‐n front‐illuminated Al0.4Ga0.6N‐based separate absorption and multiplication solar‐blind ultraviolet avalanche photodetector is proposed to enhance the optoelectronic performances by modulating polarization electric field based on physical simulations. By modulating the p ‐Al x Ga1−x N interlayer with low Al content, the direction of the polarization electric field could be achieved the same

This study presents, for the first time, a novel design of ultra‐wideband (UWB), circularly polarized and highly directive log‐spiral THz photoconductive antenna. The proposed antenna is simulated in High Frequency Structure Simulator using gold as the antenna electrode material which is backed by a quartz substrate (εr = 3.78, tan δ = 0.0001) and hemispherical silicon‐based lens with a diameter of

Mode swapping in characteristic mode analysis (CMA) affects consistent interpretation of the modal data. Mode tracking based on the eigenvector correlation can effectively determine the correct ordering of modes at each sampling frequency. However, there has been a lack of corresponding preprocessing for this mode‐tracking algorithm. For example, the applicable frequency band cannot be determined in

This article presents the design of low‐profile single band antenna on flexible substrate material. The proposed antenna is designed on the polyimide substrate with overall size of 30 mm × 30 mm × 0.2 mm. The designed antenna operates in the frequency range of 5.71 to 5.99 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 4.8% and covers the Industrial Scientific Medical band for medical body area network applications

Reflectarray antenna designs have become an efficient solution alternative to their counterpart designs due to their beam scanning capability, low profile, high gain, and mounting flexibility. Herein, design and realization of a wideband, flat gain multi‐layer nonuniform reflectarray (MNURA) using 3D printing technology is presented. Design optimization of the proposed MNURA has been achieved in the

The surname of the second author of Sumathi and Umasankar1 was incorrectly spelled in the original published article. The surname should read “Umasankar” and not “Umashankar”. This is now corrected in the online version of the article.

This dissertation shows energy scheduling in grid‐connected micro grid (MG) using an amazing hybrid method for optimal energy management. The hybrid method is the mixture of Radial Basis Neural Function Network (RBFNN) and Bumble Bees Mating Optimization (BBMO) and is therefore referred to as RBFNN–BBMO technique. The MG system consists of photovoltaic, wind turbine, battery storage and micro turbine

We propose four approaches to solve time‐harmonic Maxwell's equations in ℝ3 through the finite element method (FEM) in a bounded region encompassing parameter inhomogeneities, coupled with the multiple multipole program (MMP) in the unbounded complement. MMP belongs to the class of methods of auxiliary sources and of Trefftz methods, as it employs point sources that spawn exact solutions of the homogeneous

On the basis of complex frequency‐shifted perfectly matched layer (CFS‐PML) formulation, an implementation of the higher‐order PML is proposed to terminate unbounded finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) computational domain. By incorporating the Crank‐Nicolson Douglas‐Gunn algorithm and the bilinear transform method, the proposed scheme can not only maintain the unconditional stability of the CN‐FDTD

Transient analysis of electrical machines with mixed eccentricity requires dedicated, fast and accurate solvers. This article proposes an improved air gap permeance expression which (a) is physically interpretable and (b) can be easily derived based on the rotor position. This expression is very suitable for inclusion in a solver based on the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method. This allows to

Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) is recently regarded as a technique to combat inter‐channel interference (ICI) for future wireless systems. In this paper, we consider a system of QSM combining space time block codes (STBC) and continuous phase modulation (CPM). In the system, the spatial constellation symbols are not expanded by two in‐phase and quadrature components, but represented by two STBC

This typescript focuses on unraveling the functional performance deterioration issues related to conventional Cu on‐chip nanointerconnecting wires; mainly occurred due to the shrinking of device dimensions. Buffer insertion methodology proves to be an effective approach for designing high‐speed interconnect network but at the cost of power consumption. Moreover, ramification of too many buffers as

We present in this paper an efficient parallelization approach of the finite element domain decomposition method (FEM‐DDM) for solving large‐scale 3D scattering problems with over ten billion unknowns. In this parallel FEM‐DDM, the whole solution domain is decomposed in a two‐level hierarchical way to minimize the inter process communication. A communication‐avoided block diagonal symmetric Gauss‐Seidel

This article presents a modification of the variational iteration method (VIM) for solving Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equations of linear and nonlinear optimal control problems. In this method, the Lagrange multiplier is chosen in such a way that a sequence of value functions that are produced by this presented method (PM) converges to exact solution faster than the standard VIM. This fast convergence

The main inconvenience in design process of modern high performance reflectarray antennas is that these designs are heavily depended on full‐wave electromagnetic simulation tools, where in most of the cases the design optimization process would be an inefficient or impractical. However, thanks to the recent advances in computer‐aided design and advanced hardware systems, artificial neural networks

An analytical, two‐dimensional, stationary model of heat flow in edge‐emitting laser is revisited. In the work, we show how to use this approach to be able to calculate the temperature of the entire device including the most susceptible for thermal runaway region, namely the vicinity of the joint of mirrors and an active layer. Numerical tools based on our considerations are implemented in Matlab code

In this paper, an algorithm named the sparse Wigner‐Ville distribution (WVD) is applied for the time‐frequency analysis of signals. In this algorithm, the sampling for ambiguity function (AF) is regarded as a sparsity measurement of the WVD, and the Fourier transform matrix is treated as a sparsity redundant dictionary. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by using the liner frequency modulation

Here, we have performed the noise analysis in graphene‐SiC‐based double drift region impact avalanche transit time diode (IMPATT). For computation, the noise model taken is based on drift diffusion with quantum corrections. Though noise computation in IMPATT with classical drift diffusion model are widely followed in earlier years, noise analysis through classical drift diffusion model is independent

To facilitate the frequency regulation, here an adaptive artificial neural network (ANN) tuned proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller is suggested for load frequency control (LFC) investigation in a system with distributed generation (DG) resources. The various DG resources include wind turbine generators (WTG), battery energy storage system (BESS), aqua electrolyzer (AE), diesel engine

In this paper, a novel artificial neural network (ANN)‐based nonlinear output current model with accurate high‐order derivatives is presented. The proposed model can guarantee high precision of the drain current and its high‐order derivatives simultaneously. The existing traditional equation‐based models are analyzed to demonstrate their limits and inaccurate modeling performance of high‐order derivatives

A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is proposed with improvements in antenna gain and back lobe level. By pixelating the metal part of the antenna aperture and considering the presence or absence of metal in each pixel using Genetic Algorithm (GA), the electromagnetic field distribution could be controlled especially in the front panel of the antenna. As a result, an increase

The climate's dependence requires a complex modelling and other optimization methods for the control of the hybrid system. Moreover, recently, and as for both the technological progression of the hardware and software, researchers may more and more optimize problems through the use of enabled platforms. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Our hybrid pumping installation contains a photovoltaic generator

Apart from being fundamental in industry 4.0, IoT also extends its capability to smart transportation in an oil pipeline system. The initiation of the Internet of Things has witnessed incredible success in the application of wireless sensor networks and ubiquitous computing for various smart‐control applications. In the oil industry, for smooth, accident‐less, long‐range pipeline transportation, data

Parametric modeling of electromagnetic (EM) behaviors has become important for EM design optimizations of microwave components. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in parametric modeling of microwave components using combined neural network and transfer function (neuro‐TF). Transfer functions are used to represent the EM responses of passive components vs frequency. With the help of

The reduction in size of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices results in increase in leakage power dissipation, which occurs due to the short‐channel effects in subthreshold region. Now a day's power dissipation is one of the crucial issues that the modern electronic industry is facing. Fin‐type field‐effect transistor (FinFET) can be proven as a best substitute to reduce leakage power dissipation

This paper proposes a hybrid technique to detect and classify the transmission line faults in the power system. The proposed approach is the joint execution of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and cuttlefish optimizer (CFO) learning process‐based random forest algorithm (RFA), ie, named as LDA‐CFRFA technique. Here, two modules are utilized for fault analysis in power system: fault detection and

Inverse modeling of microwave components plays an important role in microwave design and diagnosis or tuning. Since the analytical function or formula of the inverse input‐output relationship does not exist and is difficult to obtain, artificial neural network (ANN) becomes an efficient tool to develop inverse models for microwave components. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in neural

New schematic for comparator‐based switched‐capacitor (CBSC) integrator is proposed. In comparison with conventional CBSC integrators, the presented circuit helps to reduce significantly the power consumption while improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and the defined figure of merit (FOM). This was obtained by using a second‐generation current conveyor (CCII) in charge scheme. The integrator design

We present an algorithm for computing sparse, least squares‐based polynomial chaos expansions, incorporating both adaptive polynomial bases and sequential experimental designs. The algorithm is employed to approximate stochastic high‐frequency electromagnetic models in a black‐box way, in particular, given only a dataset of random parameter realizations and the corresponding observations regarding

This paper presents an electrostatic potential–based analytical model of drain current for ferroelectric dual material gate all around tunnel field effect transistors (FE‐DMGAA‐TFETs). Analytical model is formulated to examine the device characteristics by combining the evanescent mode analysis (EMA) and Landau‐Khalatnikov equation. Ferroelectric material exhibits negative capacitance, which enhances

In certain cases, the application of traditional measurement techniques and related procedures for supercapacitor parameter extraction in time‐domain could be an unnecessarily time‐consuming process, which also requires different sets of measurement equipment, commonly expensive. This is a strong motivation for the development of procedures for supercapacitor parameter extraction which complies with

In this study, sinc‐Galerkin and Sinc collocation methods coupled with double exponential transformation have been developed to obtain a numerical solution of nonlinear two‐point boundary value problem arising in steady state nonlinear reaction diffusion equation containing a nonlinear term related to Michaelis‐Menten of the enzymatic reaction. Application of these methods reduce the solution of the

Modern high voltage direct current (HVDC) power cables consist of nonlinear electric field and temperature depending insulation materials, eg, polyethylene (PE) or mass‐impregnated paper (MI). Within the insulation material, slowly time varying electric fields are the result of accumulated space charges. Due to the long operation time of power cables, the stationary charge distribution and the resulting

This work addresses geometry parameter scaling of multiband antennas for Internet of Things applications. The presented approach is comprehensive and permits redesign of the structure with respect to both the operating frequencies and material parameters of the dielectric substrate. A two‐step procedure is developed with the initial design obtained from an inverse surrogate model constructed using

In this paper, a tunable low noise amplifier (LNA), which provides a bandwidth of 1 GHz, has been designed. The tunability of the LNA has been achieved by employing MOS varactors in accumulation mode. A shift in the LNA performance has been observed with the change in the total capacitance of the varactors through the control voltage. Starting from 2 to 3 GHz, the proposed tunable LNA provides a noise

In this paper, an approximate modeling approach called simplified multiconductor transmission line model (simplified MTL) is proposed for transient analyses of multiple grounding electrodes. Since this approach is in the frequency domain, the effect of soil dispersion (frequency variation of soil electrical parameters) is easily incorporated. In addition, the soil ionization effect is treated as gradually

A numerical synthesis method for optimization of the key components of the transmission line for high‐power fusion gyrotron is proposed in this paper. Combined with the analysis method, an algorithm has been developed for the waveguide to provide higher power transformation efficiency, which is 99.447% and 99.9721% for the TE01‐TE11 mode converter and TE11 taper, respectively. The synthesis method

Stochastic computing is reemerging as one of the alternative technique of conventional binary computing for error tolerant, low‐power, and low resource applications. In the recent past, several works have been reported for the implementation of stochastic circuits. All these works have been carried out using irreversible gates or Boolean functions as building blocks, which will not be supported in

Yield estimation of antenna systems is important to check their robustness with respect to the uncertain sources. Since direct Monte Carlo sampling of accurate physics‐based models can be computationally intensive, this work proposes the use of the polynomial chaos–Kriging (PC‐Kriging) metamodeling method for fast yield estimation of multiband patch antennas. PC‐Kriging integrates the polynomial chaos

System design centering process looks for nominal values of system designable parameters that maximize the probability of satisfying the design specifications (yield function). Statistical design centering implements a statistical analysis method such as Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) for yield function estimation and explicitly optimizes it. In this paper, we introduce a new statistical design centering

This study presents a physical‐based broadband radio frequency (RF) small‐signal equivalent circuit model (ECM) for triple‐gate (TG) bulk fin field‐effect transistors (FinFETs) and its extraction methodology. To increase model accuracy and extend the effective frequency band, substrate effect, test ground‐signal‐ground (G‐S‐G) pads, and metal interconnection parasitics are considered together in the

In this paper, a study of the effect of thin GaN interfacial layer (1 nm) on the electrical behavior of Au/n‐GaAs structure is investigated in wide temperature range 100 to 400 K, using Silvaco‐Atlas simulator. As a result, from I‐V characteristics, the series resistance R s is increased with decreasing temperature for Au/GaN/n‐GaAs structure, while it is remained almost constant for Au/n‐GaAs structure

Design of high‐frequency structures, including microwave and antenna components, heavily relies on full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. Their reliability comes at a price of a considerable computational cost. This may lead to practical issues whenever numerous EM analyses are to be executed, e.g., in the case of parametric optimization. The difficulties entailed by massive simulations

In this paper, an AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a reversed pyramidal channel layer (RPC‐HEMT) is proposed. The main purpose of the paper is an increase in the breakdown voltage of a conventional HEMT (C‐HEMT) to be suitable in high‐power applications. In the RPC‐HEMT, a reverse pyramidal channel layer in the high electric field traps the energetic carriers that cause the transistors to break. The steps decrease

This work presents a novel design of a high gain circularly polarized (CP) crossed‐bowtie shaped antenna with cloverleaf arms which exhibits a wideband impedance match as well as 3dB axial ratio bandwidths. The designed wideband antenna is realized by employing a low‐cost phase shifting mechanism that uses a Metasurface (MTS) superstrate which is placed above the radiating surface of the antenna. A

This paper presents a state‐dependent self‐tuning fractional control strategy for a DC‐DC buck converter in order to enhance its output voltage regulation and disturbance attenuation capability. The proposed control scheme primarily employs a ubiquitous proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller, where gains are optimally selected using a linear‐quadratic state‐space tuning approach. The optimal

Large‐scale antenna arrays (LSAAs) are used to achieve satisfactory performance in 5G communications and radar systems. However, sidelobe suppression and nulls control of LSAAs are high‐dimensional nonlinear optimization problems owing to the large number of antenna elements. In this study, we formulate an optimization problem for joint sidelobe suppression and nulls control of large‐scale linear antenna

A better compression rate of the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) can be obtained by increasing the block size to generate the characteristic basis functions (CBFs). However, it has been heavy to generate the CBFs for electrically large‐size blocks in the case of multiple excitations with traditional CBFM. In this paper, a novel computing scheme, accelerated generation method that combined

Switch‐mode power converters are used in various applications to convert between different voltage (or current) levels. They use transistors to switch on and off the input voltage to generate a pulsed voltage whose arithmetic average is the desired output voltage of the converter. After smoothening by filters, the converter output is used to supply devices. The simulation of these switch‐mode power

Demagnetization characteristics of permanent magnets play a central role for the design and optimization process of permanent magnet electrical machines and magnetic actuators. Currently, practical issues, such as loss of performance of electromagnetic energy conversion devices, due to demagnetization effects in permanent magnets or due to reduced servo‐dynamics in magnetic actuators, cannot be addressed

This paper deals with the synthesis of an RL Cauer ladder network to homogenize multiturn windings in time‐domain finite element (FE) computations. In frequency domain, the macroscopic model of eddy currents in the winding can be described by frequency‐dependent complex impedance and reluctivity for skin and proximity effects respectively. To represent those in time domain, two RL Cauer networks are

The morphology analysis of arc plasma inside a low‐voltage circuit breaker is a practical approach to investigate its current interruption performance. It is a typical ill‐posed problem to determine the arc current distribution from the induced magnetic field of arc plasma. The regularization method has been proven effective in solving inverse magnetic problems. However, the arrangement of current‐carrying

This paper presents a 3D multiphysic modeling based on the coupling between the nonlinear discrete energy‐averaged model and the finite element method for the design optimization of magnetoelectric laminar structures. The model is applied to investigate the influence of the layer width on the output voltage and power performances while taking into account the magnetic losses due to the eddy currents

In this paper, a solver based on a 3D boundary element method (BEM) is presented and verified on a transformer geometry. Using a triangular surface mesh of a winding, the unknown charge distribution is found from known potentials of surfaces using the integral equation approach and point matching. The capacitance matrix is calculated from known potentials in nodes of the system. The application of