A microgrid (µG) system can be operated in DC or AC modes using suitable power electronics interface which interconnect power generators, loads and energy storage mediums. It can be interesting to analyze the potential advantages of hydrogen storage-based DC µG system. In this study, a mathematical model is developed for the theoretical prediction of the performance in terms of energy analysis of overall

Forecasting skills for a wind farm would significantly degrade if the complex wake effects of the upstream wind farms are excluded, especially when they are spatially close to each other. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been used to predict wind speed and power for a wind farm in Pakistan in the presence of wake interference from neighboring wind farms for two different

In the present work, a nanofluid based volumetrically absorbing solar receiver having reflecting inner surfaces has been tested under outdoor conditions. Carbon soot nanoparticles from used motor oil dispersed in paraffin oil forms the working fluid. Results show that steady-state thermal efficiency peaks at an optimum nanoparticles volume fraction (ηth = 59 ± 4% at fv = 1%). Furthermore, the as-prepared

High concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) technologies offer several advantages over typical PV systems. In this study, a detailed economic assessment and sensitivity analysis of deploying HCPV plants in the US southwest is performed. To do this, a 20 MWdc HCPV power plant is designed using the System Advisor Model (SAM) and is evaluated from both technical and financial aspects. The sensitivity analysis

Underground natural gas energy storage (UNGNS) plays an important role in ensuring the reliability of the pipeline equipment and the stability of the energy market. In this paper, a mathematical model of CH4-water two-phase flow is introduced and the influence of matrix and fracture and the properties of dual-porosity media of caprock are considered in the model. CH4 and water flow in the fractures

This study introduces a new, efficient, and cost-effective spacer to maintain the space between the upward and downward U-tube legs of a single U-tube with an oval cross-section. Therefore, short-term and long-term transient numerical simulations were performed to compare the thermal and energy performance of the ground source heat pump system with both a single U-tube with an oval cross-section coupled

Realistic performance predictions are required for efficient operation strategy of air conditioners. In this study, the application of a cost effective and non-intrusive black box model utilizing artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the cooling capacity of air conditioning systems is investigated, while considering the effect of fouling and leakage that may occur after prolonged operation. The

The initial purpose of adopting combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) system is to achieve cascade utilization of fuel energy as well as stepping into low-carbon society. In this study, CO2 is used as gasification agent instead of conventional option of using steam in the biomass gasification unit for reducing CO2 emissions and increasing energy efficiency. To determine the thermodynamic feasibility

The paper focuses on the cost-effective design of a grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system in Poland. The work aims to find the optimal system configuration, indicated by the highest Net Present Value (NPV), for the scenario of Net-Metering (NM) and Feed-In-Tariff (FIT) support mechanisms. PVsyst software was used to simulate the performance of various system sizes, tilts of the modules, as

This research aimed to find a proper model to estimate daily solar radiation in terms of specific climate conditions of 51 weather stations over Iran. Twenty-one sunshine-based empirical models were calibrated and evaluated. Two different quality control methods were used to reject data error in daily solar radiation dataset collected from 2007 to 2017. The empirical constant coefficients were calculated

In this paper, an optimal model predictive control (MPC) is tuned using recent optimizer named sooty terns optimization algorithm (STOA). The proposed control is employed to design load frequency control (LFC) installed in interconnected system including different renewable energy sources (RESs). The proposed method is utilized to identify the MPC optimal parameters to minimize the integral time absolute

This paper introduces a new combination of solar fields to reduce LCOE and increase solar share. One Solar Field (PTC or LFR) with molten salt as heat transfer fluid is used to store energy during the day, and two independent LFRs are used for direct steam generation for high-pressure turbines and low-pressure turbines. Due to the low price of natural gas, using solar field is not economical, and using

Combining wind power with pumped-storage systems is trustworthy for reducing the unreliability of wind energy, caused by the variable nature of the wind for contributing to the grid's peak shaving. Locating suitable sites for constructing both wind parks and pumped-storage systems for peak shaving is a delicate problem-solving. For solving such problems, a wide range of technical, financial, and environmental

The simulation of multi-annual time series of photovoltaic electricity generation in high temporal resolution using reanalysis data has become a common approach. These time series are crucial to assess the viability of electricity systems with high shares of variable renewable generation. Our work combines the new ERA5-land reanalysis data set and PV_LIB to generate hourly time series of photovoltaic

The intermittent nature of wind energy is a major challenge transforming the energy sector from fossil fuels to renewables. Depending on the location, results from previous studies show that the availability of wind energy can strongly vary over a year. However, although global temporal wind speed fluctuations are complex on the monthly and seasonal scales, they have been rarely quantified so far.

To explore the effect of hybrid fuels containing microalgae, ethanol, methanol and diesel fuel (base fuel) were blends on combustion, performance and emission characteristics and compare with base fuel. The hybrid fuels were calculated using a single-cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspirated engine, water-cooled, direct injection, diesel engine was used for the experiments under 20%, 50%, 75%, 100%

One of the crucial problems in the power systems is the selection of energy-efficient systems with suitable efficiency, cost, and environmental performance. Accordingly, this paper introduces a new power generation system that supplies a significant part of the required energy from solar energy and uses liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel as an auxiliary source. To evaluation of the system, exergo-enviro-economic

Solar chimney is a reliable renewable energy system that enhances the natural ventilation to reduce the energy consumption in buildings. Under the fact that previous optimization designs usually ignore the external wind, the impacts of external wind on the optimum designing parameters are then investigated. It is confirmed that external wind could affect its optimum designing parameters, which are

In current work, ultrasonicator was used to produce Castor Oil Methyl Ester (COME) from raw castor oil to properly reduce the production period. GC-MS and FT-IR analyses were used to confirm the conversion of raw oil into esters. Blended fuel of COME and diesel fuel with blending ratio up to 40% (symbolized as B40) were used to experimentally investigate the influence of COME blending ratio on diesel

Vertical solar distiller’s productivity is similar to other available passive solar stills but it occupies less ground area. Hence, enhancing its productivity is of wide interest for researchers. In general, most of the enhancement techniques increase distiller’s capital cost, maintenance cost and distillate production cost which in turn hinder its real time applicability. Hence, enhancing distillate

Energy and social welfare management of smart buildings have been influenced by cooling systems. Although the combination of cooling systems in the smart grid has stimulated serious discussions over the last decade, its execution and control with more penetration of renewable energy have not been directly tackled. Hence, the present paper is designed to explore the suitability of implementing a novel

Floating photovoltaic (FPV) technology is gaining prominence as a means to alleviate land use conflicts while obtaining large solar PV deployments and simultaneously reducing evaporated water loss. In this study, an open source after-market distributed manufacturing method is proposed to be applied to large flexible PV modules to make flexible FPV systems. Specifically this study considers surface

The challenges of global warming and finding the solutions to come up with them are crucial debates among the politicians and researchers, particularly after the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. While vast researches about the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission have been conducted and put into practice, there is no research conducted in this era for oil-export developing

In this paper, the profitability of investment in refinery building is examined and the effects of the model on each agent are considered, using a multi-agent method. This model covers the knowledge gap in the literature by investigating a comprehensive situation that is currently a part of strategic energy plans in developing countries. Deploying refineries in Iran is desirable due to the high level

The growing introduction of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in small and isolated power systems may pose several integration challenges. Typically, this results in the necessity of performing RES curtailment to preserve the stability of the network. This has adverse consequences for the environment, as the replacement is assured by fuel-fired pollutant power stations. To avoid such issues, the RES variability

Using combined district generation systems provides many advantages to the buildings, mainly residential, because of its flexibility and higher energy efficiency and also from the emission point of view. In this paper, the demands of a building are modeled in Tehran, Iran, using transient simulation software. A combined heating, cooling, and power generation system based on solar loop (consisting of

This novel study assesses techno-economics of replacing diesel with liquefied natural gas (LNG) in remote Nunavut communities. The methodology uses an economic model to calculate delivered costs of LNG for a supply chain comprising terminal costs, shipping costs, and annual onsite storage cost. CO2 reduction potential and upfront costs to implement LNG or renewable electricity projects are estimated

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is an important operational problem in power systems with a goal of optimizing one or more chosen objectives through adjusting certain control parameters. The most valuable player algorithm (MVPA) is a population based approach, inspired from the behaviour of players with a goal of winning the trophy, for solving optimization problems. This paper firstly enhances the

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems can provide cost effective and sustainable heating and cooling for buildings while using considerably less fossil fuel than conventional heating and cooling systems. This benefit can be further enhanced by adopting hybrid GSHP (HGSHP) systems wherein the GSHP component provides the baseload thermal energy with the balance provided by conventional systems. This

In this work, a multi-pressure double ejector boosted absorption refrigeration system (DEBARS) is designed and analyzed; two vapor and liquid ejectors are implemented simultaneously before the condenser and absorber components and both of the solution and refrigerant heat exchangers are included in the cycle. Vapor and liquid ejectors are simulated and analyzed in details and the shock circle method

This paper introduces a new strategy for controlling electric water heaters (EWH) using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). It has two major contributions: 1) To balance between cost savings and the discomfort (cold water) that Demand Response (DR) could bring, the discomfort is modeled as undelivered energy in the objective of the problem rather than a thermal constraint. This improves both sides

Sustainability of power systems is a vital need for modern societies. The occurrence of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, may lead to blackouts. Hence, power systems resilience is a critical issue for experts. The main focus of this paper is on how to assess power system resilience comprehensively. In this regard, a two-stage framework is proposed. In the first stage, an approach is presented

Alternative cascade systems comprising of three, four, and five PCMs, PCM-graphite-PCM and a graphite system were compared with two-tank sensible heat storage systems. Numerical methods including an in-house code and Fluent were used to predict the transient heat transfer during the charging and discharging processes up to 6 h and 10 h, respectively. Energy and exergy analysis assisted in finding the

Dendrite formation poses serious problems in the operation of zinc-based batteries. Electrode material and electrolyte composition are known to have an influence on the dendrite formation. In this paper possible solutions for the reduction of dendrite formation at the anode of a zinc-based battery are studied. The electrochemical behaviour of various electrode materials and electrolyte compositions

Although much efforts have been devoted to the optimal design of the energy systems, there is a research gap about the multi-year load growth-based optimal planning of microgrids. This paper tries to fill such a research gap by developing a novel method for the optimal design of the grid-connected microgrids based on the long-term load demand forecasting. The multilayer perceptron artificial neural

This article presents an experimental study of dust effect on the photovoltaic system's performance for various tilt angles in semi-arid environment. For analysis, eight PV modules were installed on the roof of a building at tilt angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° with an azimuth angle of 0°. Each pair of PV modules were installed at the same tilt angle. In each pair of modules, one was cleaned every

In this study, thermodynamic inefficiencies of the components and the whole system are quantified by exergy destruction. The performance of an air source heat pump water heater (ASHPWH) is examined experimentally under varying ambient conditions from the exergy destruction aspect. The exergy destruction is calculated for each moment through the entire heating period with regard to collected temperature

The photovoltaic (PV) model allows the current–voltage characteristic curves of the PV module to be represented in the simulation, which is important in the development of the PV generation system. Nevertheless, the current single PV model is not able to receive multiple irradiance and temperature input to simulate the partial shading condition. The conventional PV model with the partial shading capability

The voltage regulation of a dc-bus by charging/discharging a battery is required for different applications like microgrids and electric vehicles. However, most of the charging/discharging systems reported in scientific literature provide discontinuous currents to the battery or the dc-bus and use linear controllers. This paper proposes a charging/discharging system to regulate the voltage of a dc-bus

Power flow control and peak point tracking are significant in grid-tied renewable energy systems to improve power factor and efficient energy extraction. In this paper, the design of robust controllers for the power electronic converters of the grid-connected PEM fuel cell with thermal modeling is deliberated. Further, the transfer function model of the power electronic converters is derived by considering

Biofuels such as ethanol have been used in internal combustion engines to reduce polluting emissions. However, some studies show that they affect engine performance due to their differences in thermophysical properties. Besides, pure ethanol has not been properly evaluated in compression ignition engines. Therefore, this work shows the results of an exergy analysis in a single cylinder compression

Wind speed Forecasting is the first step to integrate wind power into the main grid. It is important to improve the accuracy of wind speed forecasting to improve the load management side and the renewable energy integration. Due to the chaotic in the wind speed fluctuation the wind speed data forecasting is difficult. Many models are proposed in the literature for wind speed forecasting. This paper

In residential energy management (REM), time of use (TOU) of appliances scheduling based on user-defined preferences is an essential task performed by the home energy management controller. This paper devised a robust REM technique capable of monitoring and controlling residential loads within a smart home. The method is based on an improved binary grey wolf accretive satisfaction algorithm (GWASA)

A store-on grid scheme model is proposed to facilitate grid-tied rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems implementation in developing countries. Using Uganda as a case study, the proposed model’s costs analysis results were compared to time of use rating model for energy consumption results of an industry by considering solar PV system performance and daily energy demand. The proposed model’s results

A dam with a hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) prevents flooding while generating electricity and providing controlled irrigation of agricultural land. An open dam surface causes a substantial loss in water resources over the course of a year due to evaporation. In this paper, the authors propose to occupy the idle dam area with a floating photovoltaic (FPV) solar power plant (SPP) to generate electrical

The current economic development is based on high input and high consumption, which is contrary to the current green development concept. Improving energy economic efficiency is a powerful way to balance economic development and energy consumption. This paper focuses on estimation of energy economic efficiency of Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration (YRUA). The Slack-Based Model (SBM) was used to estimate

This paper aims to select the best hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) using a new multi-criteria decision-making model for supplying the power consumption of a government institution. The model considers social, environmental, technical, and economic criteria for providing a clear overview of the most suitable HRES design configurations. The proposed model has been implemented in two scenarios related

This work aims to investigate the operation characteristics of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system under the variable mass flow rate of the working fluid (ṁwf), such as the flow excursion in the field of direct vapor generation (DVG) systems. Besides, the mass flow rate of cooling source (ṁcs) was verified as an effective manipulated variable to respond the variation of ṁwf, which was an easily

In this study, a novel organic fluid-filled regenerative heat exchanger used heat recovery ventilation (OHeX-HRV) system was designed. Five organic-based fluids (R11, R123, R245fa, n-Pentane and Isopentane) were selected by considering operating conditions. Indoor air exit temperature, outdoor air inlet temperature and recovered heat by regenerative heat exchanger were analysed depending on varying