Characterization of aerosol vertical distribution in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) using passive remote sensing requires advances in the current state of the art. To quantify the performance of various passive sensor designs within a common framework we developed an aerosol climatology of the Los Angeles basin and applied observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) to estimate the information

This paper presents the design and measurements of a 25-Gb/s inductorless optical receiver in a 0.25-μm SiGe BiCMOS process for 100-Gb/s (25-Gb/s × 4 lines) Ethernet. As the first stage of the proposed optical receiver, a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) employing a pseudo-differential structure with a feedback resistor incorporates DC offset cancellation (DOC) to enhance the input dynamic range. Cascaded

Beryllium intermetallic compounds (beryllides) are known as promising materials for advanced neutron multipliers for fusion applications owing to their high stability and low swelling. Because a large amount of beryllium is used for each solid breeding blanket in fusion reactors, the development of effective and efficient recycling processes is essential. In this study, a proper recycling process of

The three-dimensional sliding mode guidance laws with prescribed performance and saturation actuator are proposed for maneuvering target. The proposed guidance laws can ensure the line of sight (LOS) angle converges according to the prescribed performance with actuator saturation and the convergence rate, the steady state error and the maximum overshoot can be preset in advance. A novel transformed

Today, due to increased market competition, the integration of production and distribution decisions into the supply chain leads to efficiency improvements. Therefore, production routing models have been developed to optimize production and distribution, simultaneously. In recent years, since, the product life cycle has become shorter than in the past, product return policies with fast response times

The paper proposes an energy consumption cross-level model for a demand driven machine tool working in a manufacturing system. The aim is to optimize performance of manufacturing system engaging more than one organizational level, in this case the machine and the system levels. The paper exploits a former study on Pareto optimal Minimum Energy-Time functions, representing the best possible machine

Recently, as the development of information technologies and personalized needs, the Industrial Internet platform based manufacturing service collaboration becomes the main method for manufacturing collaboration, where multiple interest-independent stakeholders involve. However, the distrust between stakeholders and the platform (distrust among collaborators and the doubts of data accuracy) hinders

Stir zone (SZ) of AA6061‐T6 double‐side friction stir welding (DS‐FSW) joint with a thickness of 6 mm had a poor fatigue performance compared with that of base metal (BM). The rolling process was employed to improve the fatigue performance of SZ. The results showed that rolling process increased the dislocation density in SZ and remarkably enhanced its fatigue performance. The crack initiation played

In this study, a concept of initial cracking strength of concrete was elaborated. A fracture model and associated methods for determining independent initial cracking strength and initial fracture toughness by the three‐point bending (3‐p‐b) and wedge splitting (WS) concrete specimens are presented. The initial cracking strength and initial fracture toughness can be simultaneously determined using

Fatigue failure criteria for structural film adhesive joints considering multiaxiality, mean stress and temperature effects were investigated. Multiaxiality was addressed by testing butt, scarf and thick adherend shear test joints. Mean stress effect was evaluated under stress ratios of −1.0 and 0.1, and the temperature assessed at −55°C, RT and +100°C. Fatigue results were assessed using three fatigue

Bangladesh, as a newcomer country, is expecting to start her nuclear power journey by 2022. Due to evident reasons, newcomer nuclear countries face several key challenges concerning the development of national nuclear safety infrastructure. The paper investigates the status of the 7 key safety infrastructure issues out of the 19 and readiness of the supportive organizations, laboratories, and workforces

The Integral Pressurized Water Reactors (IPWRs) as the innovative advanced and generation-III+ reactors are under study and developments in a lot of countries. This paper is aimed at the thermal hydraulic study of the hot and average fuel sub-channel in a Generation III+ IPWR by loose external coupling to the neutronic simulation. The power produced in fuel pins is calculated by the neutronic simulation

The containment filtered venting system(CFVS) filters the atmosphere of the containment building and discharges a part of it to the outside environment to prevent containment overpressure during severe accidents. The Korean CFVS has a tank that filters fission products from the containment atmosphere by pool scrubbing, which is the primary decontamination process; however, prediction of its performance

In this article, the robust fusion steady‐state filtering problem is investigated for a class of multisensor networked systems with mixed uncertainties. The uncertainties include state‐dependent and noise‐dependent multiplicative noises, missing measurements, packet dropouts, and uncertain noise variances, the phenomena of missing measurements and packet dropouts occur in a random way, and are described

Open innovation R&D projects involve teams from different organizations, which may affect the team’s ability to communicate since people are from different locations and companies, which may have different priorities, procedures, goals, and expectations. To succeed in the project, the team needs coordination mechanisms that facilitate teamwork. However, in the open innovation R&D projects, the coordination

A new three-dimensional slope stability analysis method based on stress calculation by the finite element method is proposed. This method conforms to the uniform assumption of the sliding direction of the rigid limit equilibrium method and can easily be used calculate the three-dimensional sliding direction. By using this method, both the local and global safety factors of the slip surface can be calculated

Thermal cycles can remarkably alter the geological and resistance properties of soil beneath structures. This research examined the effect of simultaneous use of glass fiber and nano-SiO2 on strength properties of low plasticity clay (CL) under various thermal cycles. The contents of glass fiber and nano-SiO2 were chosen 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5% and 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% of the soil dry weight, respectively. The

The VCHF fatigue characteristics of orthogonal plain weave composite material under UV radiation had been carried out by an ultrasonic resonance device. A compound cooling method was used to ensure the fatigue test working under continuous loading conditions. S-N curves under different reliability levels, and fatigue life survival probability distribution were plotted. UV radiation reduced the mechanical

Thousands of lead anodes are currently used in the electro-winning of copper across the globe. The corrosion and the electrochemical performance of these anodes significantly affect the economy of the process. Premature failure of anodes is often a problem for the commercial operators of tank houses. Recently, the authors were asked to advise on an unusual case where a lead alloy anode split at almost

The construction sector is one of the few high-risk businesses due to occupational accidents, their rate of frequencies, and related serious consequences, sometimes even resulting in the death of individuals. Therefore, it is a vital necessity and priority for employers and employees during the course of a project to comply with occupational safety rules under any circumstances. Nothing should deter

This research aimed to evaluate the chemical and microstructure parameters of cement pastes and electrochemical parameters of concretes, both contaminated with different levels of SO3 (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 5.0%) due to the presence of pyrite. To evaluate the chemical and microstructural parameters, SEM and XRD tests were carried out in cement pastes, to detect the formation of deleterious products

To ensure the safety of the underground gas pipeline in urban ground explosion construction and terrorist attack, a study of the safety of buried gas pipelines under surface explosions is inevitable. In this paper, an operating gas pipeline in Wuhan Economic Development Zone is taken as an example, and the surface explosion full-scale experiment is carried out in the open site. In the field experiment

Electrical components can fail during their function in an electrical circuit, especially in a harsh environment. One of the possible failure reasons is the electrochemical migration, which leads to a short circuit or change of electrical parameters of components. This paper focuses on electrochemical effects and explains mechanisms leading to the formation of a conductive path within a component molded

Carbon Steel (CS) piping plays a vital role in the heat transport circuits of power plants. These pipes undergo excessive degradation in some of the specific locations due to the flow dynamics variation and such corrosion is termed as the flow accelerated corrosion (FAC). The corrosion rate is usually estimated at a specific location based on one of the best available technique known as the Think Layer

For an accurate force prediction of BOP shearing drill pipe is of critical importance in reliable sealing of the wellhead in an emergency, based on the shear motion equation, the Treace yield criterion, sliding line field and wedge mechanics theory are applied to establish the prediction model of shearing force. The theoretical force is consistent with the simulation force in the novel shear rams simulated

In this paper we consider the problem of position tracking and error boundedness for a master–slave teleoperation system when the communication channel is characterized by a time-varying stochastic delay. In particular, we assume the delay to be a time-varying Markov regime switching process. Our solution is based on a suitable proportional–derivative (PD) like controller. Exploiting a Lyapunov–Krasovskii

Renewable energy with adequate utilization can quickly contribute towards the human development and economic sustainability of a country. Solar energy shares a major portion of renewable energy resources and is rapidly becoming a reliable and affordable solution to overcome energy crisis in underdeveloped countries. The solar Photovoltaic (PV) module technology is steadily improving with fast demand

In the present work, the financial viability of three CSP technologies viz. PTC, SPT and LFR for 50 MW, CSP power plants, has been studied for 10 different locations of diverse climate conditions in India. Latest fiscal guidelines laid by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) in 2016 have been followed in the System Advisor Model. Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), Payback Period

In order to realize the immobilization of collagen, chitosan and sericin on the surface of polypropylene fabric, the fabric is treated by ammonia and nitrogen low temperature plasma to produce reactive groups, and then the epoxy compounds (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether) are used as crosslinkers for a bridging process. Single factor experiment is carried out

Abstract Accelerated life tests (ALTs) are widely used in industry and many optimal ALT test plans are developed in literature. To achieve an efficient optimal test plan, one needs to make sure that the planning values used in the test planning are not far away from the true parameters, which is challenging because lifetime data are not collected yet in the planning stage to estimate the true parameters

Motion sickness (MS) is known to be a potentially limiting factor for future self-driving vehicles – specifically in regards to occupant comfort and well-being. With this as a consideration comes the desire to accurately measure, track and even predict MS state in real-time. Previous research has considered physiological measurements to measure MS state, although, this is mainly measured after an MS

Abstract Computer codes for irradiation behavior analysis of a fuel pin and a fuel pin bundle and for coolant thermal-hydraulic analysis were coupled into an integrated code system. In the system, each code provides data required by other codes, and the analyzed results are shared among them. The system allows for the synthesizing of analyses of thermal, chemical, and mechanical behaviors in a fuel

We present a comprehensive and variational approach to the coupling of electromagnetic field models with circuit‐type models. That coupling relies on integral nonlocal quantities like voltage and current for electric ports, magnetomotive force, and magnetic flux for magnetic ports, and linked currents and fluxes for “tunnels” in the field domain. These quantities are closely linked to nonbounding cycles

Wideband reflector antenna feeds are a geometrically complex class of antennas, requiring a variety of design parameters to describe their form. This casts the optimization of such structures as a high‐dimensionality problem. The antenna responses are also difficult to predict and must be determined via computationally expensive full‐wave electromagnetic simulations. This paper proposes a surrogate‐based

In this paper, we develop a maintenance model for systems subjected to multiple correlated degradation processes, where a multivariate stochastic process is used to model the degradation processes, and the covariance matrix is employed to describe the interactions among the processes. The system is considered failed when any of its degradation features hits the pre-specified threshold. Due to the dormancy

The basic Bode’s ideal transfer function (BITF) based controller may not guarantee sufficient disturbance rejection for a class of plants with a cascaded integrator. In this paper, an improved BITF based control method is proposed to enhance the disturbance rejection performance for this class of control systems. A fractional order proportional-integral controller and a Bode’s ideal cut-off filter

This paper proposes an adaptive neural network based output feedback backstepping fast terminal sliding mode control (NN-BFTSMC) for continuous polymerization reactor with external disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Firstly, neural networks (NN) are employed to approximate the uncertain nonlinear functions. Next, the average molecular weight and the reactor temperature tracking controllers

Path tracking is one of the most important aspects of autonomous vehicles. The current research focuses on designing path-tracking controllers taking into account the stability of the yaw and the nonholonomic constraints of the vehicle. In most cases, the lateral controller design relies on identifying a path reference point, the one with the shortest distance to the vehicle giving the current state

The unsteady load response of an airfoil encountering a gust is often modeled using analytical transfer functions, which assume idealized behavior of both the flow and the airfoil. One such transfer function is the Sears function, which models a pure transverse gust interacting with a flat-plate airfoil at zero mean incidence. The function was extended by Goldstein and Atassi (“A Complete Second-Order

We propose a self-powered signal processing system that can transfer a single byte of data without needing any external power supply. The proposed system uses a local extreme point reconstruction algorithm for reconstructing the waveform. In addition, we use Manchester coding in the proposed method for reducing the byte error rate. The experimental results show that the self-powered processor needs

Quasicontinuous wave operation of midinfrared quantum cascade lasers are shown to have increased average output power with good beam quality. The ability to enhance average power by a significant fraction of CW power motivates the development of a model to estimate and project performance at varying duty cycles based on a previously developed continuous wave power projection model. The model takes

Studies on low-cost sol–gel spin-coated TiO2 thin film with high refractive index (HRI), which may be used as an intermediate layer to enhance the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of a typical bottom-emitting organic light emitting diode (OLED), are reported. The TiO2 solution is prepared using titanium tetra iso-propoxide, acetic acid, and ethanol. Spin coating method is used to deposit TiO2 thin

Growing environmental concern and fast depletion of conventional fossil fuel resources have induced an urgent search for alternative energy sources. In this regard, biodiesel obtained from Jatropha oil (a non-food oil), seems to be a very promising alternative. Though a lot of research is already done in catalytic transesterification, in the present work, conversion of high FFA (5.5%) bearing Jatropha

Deep neural network has emerged as one of the most effective networks for modeling of highly non-linear complex real-time systems. The long-short term memory network (LSTM) which is a one of the variants of recurrent neural network (RNN) has been proposed for the identification of a highly nonlinear Maglev plant. The comparative analysis of its performance is carried out with the functional link artificial

The advent of computer vision and evolution of high-end computing in remote sensing images have embellish various researchers for unprecedented development in remotely sensed aerial images. The requirement to extract essential information stimulated anatomization of aerial images for its usefulness. Deep learning provides state of the art solutions for widely explored visual recognition system and

Multi-relational classification is highly challengeable task in data mining, because so much data in our world is organised in multiple relations. The challenge comes from the huge collection of search spaces and high calculation cost arises in the selection of feature due to excessive complexity in the various relations. The state-of-the-art approach is based on clusters and inductive logical programming

In this paper, a QR Code Identity Tag System designed for Turkish healthcare and served through the cloud is presented. The system designed is a distributed information management system as the medical data objects are geographically distributed over the system. The data objects are geographically distributed as they are placed on servers closest to the geographical location where they are most frequently

Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces for the period between 2003 and 2017, this paper explores the relationship between the aging and technological innovation. The global principal components analysis is used to construct the index system of technological innovation from three aspects: innovation input, innovation output and innovation diffusion. Then, the inverted U-shape relationship between

A variety of safety protective devices (SPDs) are currently available on the machinery safety market. SPD complexity and cost depend on the safety feature implemented as required for a specific piece of machinery in its working environment. However, one type of inexpensive SPD is mandatory for many types of machines: the emergency stop device (ESD). This paper introduces a novel ESD recently developed

In this paper, a MATLAB based smart antenna testbed that efficiently localizes the line-of-sight (LOS) source in the presence of multipath signals is developed. By exploiting the consistent amplitude nature of the LOS signal, a variant of Constant Modulus Algorithm, namely Multitarget-Least Square Constant Modulus Algorithm is employed to adapt and update the weights of the smart antenna for estimation

A digital controlled dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) AC (Alternative current) power supply is designed and investigated. The power source design with a diode bridge rectifier and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) inverter along with driver circuits are presented. A step-up transformer is designed to carry 4.6 kW and 10 kVp-p for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) AC power supply and ozone generation

The impact on a falling wedge upon water entry is numerically investigated in this paper. After verified by experimental data, the numerical framework is applied for parametric studies on wedges of different drop heights and different deadrise angles to reveal the interaction behaviour between the wedge and water during impact. Pressure distribution on the wedge surface during the water entry shows

The main aim of current work is to analyze the influence of groove location on the pressure profile of the hybrid journal bearing. The objective is to develop solution algorithm and computer program which will provide pressure profile developed in the space of clearance of bearing having a given value of Somerfield number. The solution algorithm shall also provide three dimensional pressure profiles

This paper is concerned with the distributed recursive filtering for the discrete-time nonlinear multi-sensor networked system with multi-step sensor delays, missing measurements and correlated noise. Based on the innovation statistical distance, an adaptive time delay estimation method, which belongs to the online methods, is derived to determine whether the measurement is acquired or not along with

This study designs a novel image encryption cryptosystem through the two-dimensional partial unwinding decomposition (2D-PUD). It consists of three stages. Firstly, a stream sequence (first part of the security key) is generated by pseudo-random number. Secondly, the plain image is decomposed into three parts by 2D-PUD: one 2D decomposition component, two 1D decomposition components, and the average

With good electronic counter-countermeasures capability, random pulse repetition interval (PRI) radars receive increasing attention recently. However, the problem of maneuvering target detection in random PRI radars is rarely studied yet. In this problem, the difficulty lies in not only the range migration (RM) and Doppler frequency migration (DFM) effects but also the non-uniform sampling pulses.

A major challenge in cluster analysis is that the number of data clusters is mostly unknown and it must be estimated prior to clustering the observed data. In real-world applications, the observed data is often subject to heavy tailed noise and outliers which obscure the true underlying structure of the data. Consequently, estimating the number of clusters becomes challenging. To this end, we derive

A novel approach to signal filtering using digital alias-free signal processing (DASP) is presented in this paper. We propose an unbiased, fast-converging estimator of the output of a finite impulse response (FIR) continuous-time filter. The estimator processes 2N signal samples collected with the use of random antithetical stratified (AnSt) sampling technique. To assess the estimator convergence rate

Open cell polyurethane foams are often used as cancellous bone surrogates because of their similarities in morphology and mechanical response. In this work, open cell polyurethane foams of three different densities are characterized from morphometric and mechanical perspectives. The analysis of micro-computed tomography images has revealed that the high density foams present the greatest inhomogeneities