The performance of four Coriolis flow meters designed for use in hydrogen refuelling stations was evaluated with air and nitrogen by three members of the MetroHyVe JRP consortium; NEL, METAS and CESAME EXADEBIT. A wide range of conditions were tested overall, with gas flow rates ranging from (0.05–2) kg/min and pressures ranging from (20–86) bar. The majority of tests were conducted at nominal pressures

Entrained gas has been regarded as disturbance to measurements based on Coriolis meters, since measurement accuracy can be degraded because of this disturbance. Recent research from Endress + Hauser has discovered that different types of gas bubbles, namely free bubbles and suspended bubbles, have various impact on the meter measurement performance. It is important to understand the error mechanism

Abstract A manufacturing system collects big and heterogeneous data for tasks such as product quality modeling and data-driven decision-making. However, as the size of data grows, timely and effective data utilization becomes challenging. We propose an unsupervised data filtering method to reduce manufacturing big data sets with multi-variate continuous variables into informative small data sets. Furthermore

The numerical method for predicting the permeability of a laminated composite based on matrix cracks is improved to meet the application at a cryogenic temperature. The number of the parameters that depends on experiments is reduced in this numerical method to save costs. The semianalytical damaged constitutive model of cracked plies, the crack density estimation method, the crack opening displacement

AIAA Journal, Ahead of Print.

AIAA Journal, Ahead of Print.

AIAA Journal, Ahead of Print.

This study proposes a combined machine learning–wave propagation approach for nondestructive prediction of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR) of timber subjected to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Fir, poplar, alder, and oak wood specimens were subjected to artificial UV aging and assessed using the Lamb wave propagation. Different features including the wave characteristics and the viscoelastic

The internal temperature of the battery is important for the design of battery thermal management and battery safety; however, it is difficult to be tested and seldom studied. A method of embedding thermocouples inside a prismatic Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM) lithium-ion battery was developed to study the temperature inconsistency between the battery interior and the surface. Six thermocouples were

As the multi-daily electricity consumption behaviors have the strong characteristics of dynamicity, nonlinearity and locality caused by temporal manifold structure, the existing methods are difficult to fine-grained and accurately classify it. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a hierarchical classification method based on the temporal extension of the neighborhood preserving embedding algorithm

Compared with other additive manufacturing processes, the metal-based additive manufacturing (MAM) can build higher precision and higher density parts, and have unique advantages in the applications to automotive, medical, and aerospace industries. However, the quality defects of builds, such as dimensional accuracy, layer morphology, mechanical and metallurgical defects, have been hindering the wide

Rotors with active flap control have considerable potential in reducing vibration and noise and improving aerodynamic performance. However, due to the movement of the flap, there are unavoidable gaps between the components that will lead to significant changes in the aerodynamic characteristics. Moreover, considering the difficulties in motion modeling and the accuracy of the simulation of the flow

To achieve supermaneuverability, the flight envelope for modern fighter aircraft should be extended beyond 40 \(\sim \)60° angles of attack region, where unstable and undesirable flight characteristics such as wing rock may occur. This paper investigates the wing rock phenomenon of a fighter configuration having conventional conical forebody through free-to-roll (FTR) wind tunnel tests. The time history

Research on cooperation missions of multiple unmanned vehicles (UVs) is growing to overcome the limitations of conventional missions and to increase the variety of missions. In this study, a vision-based recognition and position measurement system was developed to cooperate with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in case an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) is unable to drive due to terrain obstacles. Phase

The problem of input–output stability analysis and stabilisation of discrete Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems with a time-varying delay via an input–output (I–O) approach is investigated in this paper. Using a three-term approximation-based model, a forward subsystem with three constant delays and a feedback subsystem are presented. Two separate input–output stability criteria have been formulated

This paper deals with the robust observer-based synchronisation problem for a class of complex dynamic networks subject to multi-weights, time-varying coupling delay and external disturbance. Specifically, the gain fluctuation appears in the proposed controller and is represented in terms of a random variable obeying the Bernoulli distribution. The main objective of this paper is to design a non-fragile

A novel method to estimate the missing dimension in 2D acoustic images for 3D reconstruction is proposed in this paper. Acoustic cameras can acquire high resolution 2D images in underwater environment insusceptible to water turbidity and light condition. However, the formulation of acoustic images leads to the missing dimension problem. Estimating the unknown elevation angle dimension is a difficult

We present a Gaussian process (GP)-based tracking control of underactuated balance robots in which an actuated subsystem is required to follow a desired trajectory, while an unactuated, unstable subsystem needs to be kept balanced. The GP models are used to capture the coupling effects between the actuated/unactuated subsystems through a constructed balance equilibrium manifold (BEM). Optimization-based

Accurate trajectory prediction plays a key role in robot navigation. It is beneficial for planning a collision-free and appropriate path for the autonomous robots, especially in crowded scenes. However, it is a particularly challenging task because there are complex and subtle interactions among pedestrians. There have been many studies focusing on how to model this spatial interactions but most of

The feasibility region of a Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm is the subset of the state space in which the constrained optimization problem to be solved is feasible. In our recent Intrinsically Stable MPC (IS-MPC) method for humanoid gait generation, feasibility means being able to satisfy the dynamic balance condition, the kinematic constraints on footsteps as well as an explicit stability

Multi-backbone continuum robots demonstrated potentials for dexterous manipulation with proper payload capability in minimally invasive surgeries. Most prior works assume constant curvature shapes of the continuum segments in the modeling and control of the multi-backbone continuum robots. The actuation coupling effects between adjacent continuum segments and the segments’ variable curvature shapes

This letter considers a class of switching mixed data injection attacks using input derivatives in cyber-physical systems with linear quadratic(LQ) cost from the perspective of the attacker. The attacker injects data mixed with false data and its derivative into a healthy system, which destroys the performance of the original system. For this situations, the optimal mixed data injection attack strategy

Odometer-aided visual-inertial SLAM systems typically have a good performance for navigation of wheeled platforms, while they usually suffer from degenerate cases before the first turning. In this paper, firstly we perform an observability analysis w.r.t. the extrinsic parameters before the first turning, which is a complement of the existing results of observability analyses. Secondly, inspired by

In this work, we present a tightly-coupled fusion scheme of a monocular camera, a 6-DoF IMU, and a single unknown Ultra-wideband (UWB) anchor to achieve accurate and drift-reduced localization. Specifically, this letter focuses on incorporating the UWB sensor into an existing state-of-the-art visual-inertial system. Previous works toward this goal use a single nearest UWB range data to update robot

Human motion prediction is considered a key component for enabling fluent human-robot collaboration. The ability to anticipate the motion and subsequent intent of the partner(s) remains a challenging task due to the complex and interpersonal nature of human behavior. In this work, we propose a novel sequence learning approach that learns a robust representation over the observed human motion and can

It has long been proposed that animals flying in the air and swimming in the water could extract energy from neighbour-induced flows. A large number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain whether, and if so how, animals can save energy by moving in two-dimensional (2D) formations—individuals swim in the horizontal plane. Seldom studies explore the mechanisms in three-dimensional (3D) formations—individuals

Collaborative robotics is one of the main drivers of the fourth industrial revolution. However, its introduction implies new challenges related to the mechanical risk they may represent and the psychological stress that they can induce on people. In order to reduce these risks, countermeasures like velocity limits and smooth trajectories have been implemented. Nevertheless, from these solutions excessively

Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) is a task to estimate the robot location and to reconstruct the environment based on observation from sensors such as LIght Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and camera. It is widely used in robotic applications such as autonomous driving and drone delivery. Traditional LiDAR-based SLAM algorithms mainly leverage the geometric features from the scene context

Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) has become increasingly popular in the resection of cancers. However, the lack of tactile feedback in clinical RMIS limits the surgeon's haptic understanding of tissue mechanics, making it hard to detect tissue abnormalities (e.g., tumor) efficiently. In this letter, we propose an approach that can simultaneously localize and segment the hard inclusions

A cylindrical shaped marine invertebrate ascidian has muscle fibers surrounding its body, which induce the contraction motion when the animal senses the external stimuli. As inspired by its cylindrical shape and the contraction motion of the ascidian, we introduce a soft robot that resembles this water animal. In this letter, we first discuss the design of the robot that can be magnetically actuated

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We show the diffuse and specular reflection images of defective foams placed on iron plates, which are obtained by a bifocal active imaging system at 0.22 THz. Foam materials studied are extruded polystyrene boards and acetate copolymer boards with artificially embedded defects. In the field of view of approximately 50 × 90 cm 2 , the incident angle of the emitting and receiving cochannel system affects

Sheet beam vacuum electron tubes are an attractive solution for high-power sources or amplifiers at millimeter-wave and terahertz range. In this article, a high-order coalesced TM 11 -like mode operation for 220 GHz sheet beam traveling-wave tube is proposed. The feasibility of coalesced TM 11 -like mode operation is investigated. The utilization of high-order mode expands the RF circuit power capacity

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The acoustic feedback is widely seen in the active noise control (ANC) system for short acoustic duct such as the intake system of an automobile engine, which severely destabilizes the stability of the original ANC system. The conventional acoustic feedback compensation methods based on IIR filter can only be applied to the linear acoustic path and is not suitable for a nonlinear ANC (NANC) system

Prediction of short-term future driving conditions can contribute to energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and subsequent improvement of their fuel economy. In this study, a fused short-term forecasting model for driving conditions is established by incorporating the stochastic forecasting and machine learning. The Markov chain is applied to calculate the transition probability of historical

The sound quality produced by the door slamming event is one of the significant subjective parameters to evaluate the inherent quality of the vehicle. The vehicle door is mainly composed of fixed door panels and moving glass channels and the sound quality depends on these structural components. This paper proposes a numerical and experimental-based framework to evaluate the vibro-acoustic coupling

A terahertz (THz) attenuation calibration system is developed using a photoacoustic (PA) detector for free-space beams. Based on the principle of the PA detector, the system measures the THz attenuation by substituting radio frequency (RF) attenuation with audio frequency (AF) attenuation. The AF attenuation at 1 kHz is directly calibrated using an inductive voltage divider (IVD) as the reference standard

A variety of data-driven methods have been proposed to predict remaining useful life (RUL) of key component for rolling bearings. The accuracy of data-driven RUL prediction model largely depends on the extraction method of performance degradation features. The individual heterogeneity and working condition difference of rolling bearings lead to the different performance degradation curves of rolling

Rotating machines are widely used in industries, manufacturing, and oil and gas plants as a critical component for process availability. The inadvertent failure of these rotating machines causes significant process downtime and incurs higher repair costs and loss of revenue. These failures can belong to electrical, thermal, or mechanical fault categories. Early detection of all these faults is very

Gas–liquid two-phase flows are encountered in various industrial processes involving high temperatures and high pressures, which necessitates nonintrusive sensing for real-time imaging of phase distribution and flow parameters. In this context, this article presents an electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-based eigenvalue correlation method that allows extracting two-phase flow features, namely, the

The heart rate (HR) signal is so weak in remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) and ballistocardiogram (BCG) that HR estimation is very sensitive to face and body motion disturbance caused by spontaneous head and body movements as well as facial expressions of subjects in conversation. This article proposed a novel multimodal quasi-contactless HR sensor to ensure the robustness and accuracy of HR estimation

A rotary laser optoelectronic measurement system is used as part of a multistation network for large-scale metrology. The line-structured laser surface of the transmitter is regarded as an ideal plane for the intersecting measurement. This article presents how the rotary laser surface model can be optimized for large-scale optoelectronic measurement systems. Initially, the deformation of the laser

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is widely used to detect and estimate defect in ferromagnetic materials. The lift-off of sensors caused the weakening of the detected signal inevitably. Therefore, it is necessary to correct lift-off for the detected MFL signal. In this article, we analyze the approximate negative exponential relationship between the three components of MFL signal of the defect and

New silicon 3-D-microdetectors have been developed to perform microdosimetry measurements for applications in hadron therapy. In this work, the charge collection efficiency (CCE) of an improved second generation of microdetectors having two different thicknesses (10 and 20 $\mu \text{m}$ ) and a diameter of 25 $\mu \text{m}$ has been studied by means of the ion beam induced charge (IBIC) technique

Multipass cell (MPC), with a long effective optical path length (OPL), is an effective method to improve measurement sensitivity in laser absorption spectroscopy for trace gas sensing. We present a space equation (SE) method to design MPC, which can solve inaccuracy caused by using paraxial-matrix (PM) method. The location and dimension of light spot pattern can be calculated accurately and intuitively

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is an established means of measuring impedance inhomogeneity of a variety of waveguides, providing critical data necessary to characterize and optimize the performance of high-bandwidth computational and communication systems. However, TDR systems with both the high spatial resolution (sub-cm) and voltage resolution (sub- $\mu \text{V}$ ) required to evaluate high-performance

Steel studs, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, rebar, and many other building components produce spatially varying magnetic fields. Magnetometers can measure these fields and can be used in combination with inertial sensors for indoor positioning of robots and handheld devices, such as smartphones. Current methods of localization and mapping with magnetometers are often based

Geomagnetic vector field is always measured by a strapdown triaxial magnetometer on a vehicle. The magnetometer measurements are polluted by the magnetometer inherent errors, misalignment error, and vehicle-generated magnetic inferences. With the aid of absolute attitude information from the gyro, the calibration accuracy has been proved to be greatly improved, especially for vector measurements. However

The importance of fuel injection methods and their atomisation characteristics has been well described in literature. Also, there are a large number of studies in literature detailing the impact of bulk properties of conventional fuels on atomisation and spray characteristics. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how different alternative fuels, and specifically aromatic species, impact spray and

The target-oriented spraying is an effective way to minimize chemical input in agricultural production and it is important to actualizing sustainable agriculture. This article focused on the design and optimization of the target spray platform. The spray platform consists of three parts: the vision system, the spray system, and the moving platform. All components were effectively connected and preliminarily

The NASA DART and ESA Hera missions to binary asteroid 65803 Didymos have generated a lot of interest in the study of spacecraft dynamics in the vicinity of binary asteroids. The combination of the effect of the irregular shape and the rotation of the primary bodies makes them not only non-linear, but also non-autonomous systems. This study uses a technique to design reference trajectories in the context

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) commonly affects the bone mineral phase and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which eventually led to changes in bone material properties on the nano and macro-scale. Several anti-diabetic compounds are widely used to control high blood sugar or glucose caused by T2DM. Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN), an opiate receptor antagonist, and a known TLR4 antagonist, treatment