Following airline mergers and network reorganizations aimed at reducing operational costs, consolidated air services at large hub airports have encouraged air travelers to forego use of their smaller local airports to access large hub airports offering superior air services farther away. This study investigates airport leakage in areas of Wisconsin and Michigan served by small airports, where air travelers

Strategic Routing is a traffic intervention mechanism. To reduce traffic in a certain area, drivers are asked to take a pre-defined route diverting them from the area, even though this increases their travel time. This can be implemented with navigation apps or in-dash navigation from navigation service providers such as TomTom or Google. Triggered by a traffic authority, the driver receives information

This article demonstrates the use of traffic density observations collected dynamically in the vicinity of probe vehicles. Fixed position sensors cannot capture the longitudinal evolution of local traffic density in the corridor. In this research, dynamic traffic density observations were collected in a naturalistic driving setting that was free of any controlled experiment biases. Speed from global

Mobility, safety, and environmental sustainability are priorities in the geometric design of roundabouts. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model that determines the geometric design elements of single-lane roundabouts using all three objectives. The user can specify weights for the objectives, or the model can determine the optimal weights. Mobility is defined in terms of roundabout

Multiple North American freight railroads have adopted concepts of Precision Scheduled Railroading (PSR) that attempt to reduce costs by maximizing train length and minimizing railcar transit time. To achieve these objectives, PSR emphasizes pre-blocking traffic and operating general-purpose trains. These changes have altered the nature of operations at many classification yards, leading to yard closures

Advanced train control systems enabling single-person crews or driverless trains promise to significantly reduce the fixed costs of operating a train, removing a strong incentive for longer trains. For carload freight traffic, operating a given number of railcars in shorter trains enables railroads to improve service quality and revenue through increased train frequencies or more direct trains bypassing

The operation and design of signalized intersections involves tradeoffs between operational efficiency and safety for a variety of users, including motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists. Additionally, the mix of vehicle types in the fleet sometimes requires special considerations. These concerns especially apply to the selection of curb radius at the corners, where right-turning vehicles operate close

This paper develops a methodology for simultaneously modeling lane-changing and car-following behavior of automated vehicles on freeways. Naturalistic driving data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) program are used. First, a framework to process the SPMD data is proposed using various data analytics techniques including data fusion, data mining, and machine learning. Second, pairs of automated

The cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) algorithm is a simple and effective way to form small-headway platoons so that road capacity and traffic throughput can be improved. The CACC algorithm has been broadly discussed in relation to the highway driving environment where frequent stopping and merging are uncommon. This paper proposes that CACC can also benefit urban arterials, using the appropriate

The transmission risk of airborne diseases in public transportation systems is a concern. This paper proposes a modified Wells-Riley model for risk analysis in public transportation systems to capture the passenger flow characteristics, including spatial and temporal patterns, in the number of boarding and alighting passengers, and in number of infectors. The model is used to assess overall risk as

This paper studies the relationship between laboratory measurements of fatigue performance and fracture performance of conventional asphalt mixtures, asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and rubberized asphalt mixtures. The existing four-point bending (4PB) test was developed to evaluate the fatigue performance of asphalt pavements; however, it is not necessarily appropriate for

There has been globally continuous growth in passenger car sizes and types over the past few decades. To assess the development of vehicular specifications in this context and to evaluate changes in powertrain technologies depending on surrounding frame conditions, such as charging stations and vehicle taxation policy, we need a detailed understanding of the vehicle fleet composition. This paper aims

As data collection programs grow, cities need a way to systematically deploy counting equipment in a way that ensures robust pedestrian and bicyclist volume data are collected across a spectrum of use patterns and infrastructure contexts. This paper presents the findings from a deep dive into pedestrian and bicyclist volumes and exposure, including statistical modeling, as well as translating the outputs

Although the number of deaths and injuries at level crossings in New Zealand is relatively low compared with the national road toll and injury burden, the high severity of crashes involving trains makes it a key “safe system” focus. It is also alarming that the proportion of crashes involving pedestrians and cyclists at level crossings has been increasing over recent years. This in part is owing to

Many analytical methods and other processes have been developed for the evaluation of railway track and its components, but these have largely been used for analysis. Design is often driven by development projects that do not engage research, resulting in designs that may not be optimized in the context of the broader track structure. This paper proposes a mechanistic-empirical (M-E) analysis and design

This paper discusses the Georgia Department of Transportation’s (GDOT’s) performance-based and evidence-based approach to research implementation. Transportation agencies in the United States spend hundreds of millions of dollars on research, development, and technology transfer annually. From a performance-based standpoint, agencies will realize higher returns on investment and higher impacts of their

Traffic simulation and optimization tools are classified, according to their practical applicability, into two main categories: theoretical and practical. The performance of the optimized signal timing derived by any tool is influenced by how calculations are executed in the particular tool. Highway Capacity Software (HCS) and Vistro implement the procedures defined in the Highway Capacity Manual,

Automatic lane change is one of the most important highway operations. It seriously affects traffic efficiency and safety. It is also an important driving technology for automatic driving. To achieve the best automatic lane-change control, it is necessary to achieve the control from the perspective of multi-objective evaluation. In this paper, to make it applicable for a hybrid condition of car following

Operations-oriented traffic signal performance measures are important for identifying the need for retiming to improve traffic signal operations. Currently, most traffic signal performance measures are obtained from high-resolution traffic signal controller event data, which provides information on an intersection-by-intersection basis and requires significant initial capital investment. Over 400 billion

The estimation of capacities and traffic performance at two-way-stop-controlled (TWSC) intersections has been the subject of investigations conducted by many researchers. The results of these investigations are incorporated in highway capacity manuals like the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) or the German Handbuch für die Bemessung von Strassen (HBS). Although the underlying methodologies are similar

Lime stabilization is a common technique used to improve the engineering properties of clayey soils. The process of lime stabilization can be split into two parts. First, the mobilization and crowding of Ca2+ ions or Ca(OH)2molecules from hydrated lime at net negative surface charge sites on expansive clay colloids. Second, the formation of pozzolanic products including calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H)

Despite the urgent need for continuous risk assessments during autonomous driving, achieving reliable assessment results is still challenging because of the unpredictable behaviors of adjacent human drivers and the resulting complexity. Such complexity increases particularly during lane changes because several vehicles need to interact with other vehicles. Therefore, this paper proposes a new framework

The purpose of this study was to conduct slip coefficient testing of bolted connections made from ASTM A709 Grade 50CR steel to determine how they fit into the current AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications surface condition classifications. At this time, Grade 50CR steel is not included in these classifications because it was not being used for bridges when the existing surface condition classifications

Vessel incidents periodically occur in the waterways of the United States, but some types of commercial vessels have shown a downward trend in the number of incidents in recent years. One of the missions of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) is to develop regulations to mitigate and potentially prevent maritime incidents. In this paper, the USCG gathered data on more than 117,000 incidents that involved

The installation of waterproofing membranes on concrete bridge decks is a commonly used strategy to prevent water on the roadway surface from penetrating into the deck and to reduce the load and freeze–thaw related damage to the bridge deck. Typically, an asphalt layer is paved over the waterproofing membrane to prevent damage from heavy vehicles. The early failure of asphalt pavement overlays on concrete

Bridges in a road network play a significant role in supporting the flows of people, goods, and freight during an earthquake event and are expected to maintain their functionality following the event. Thus, measuring the capability of a bridge immediately following an earthquake event is critical for understanding the post-earthquake functionalities of transportation networks and supply chain systems

Urban air mobility (UAM) operations provide the potential for more, or more attractive, trips in a metropolitan area relative to wholly surface-based transportation. But the emissions produced by a UAM mode must be studied in relation to these benefits. In this paper, an emissions model for the UAM context using electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft is developed that incorporates CO2

Pavement distresses lead to pavement deterioration and failure. Accurate identification and classification of distresses helps agencies evaluate the condition of their pavement infrastructure and assists in decision-making processes on pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. The state of the art is automated pavement distress detection using vision-based methods. This study implements two deep learning

Driving maneuvers detection is an important component of proactive traffic safety management and connected vehicle systems. Most of the existing studies used supervised learning concepts to train their models with labeled data. These methods achieved promising results but were limited by the heavy dependence on the labeled data. With the development of mobile sensing technologies, massive traffic-related

In the United States (U.S.) the annual number of commercial motor vehicle (CMV) crashes has been on an upward trajectory since 2009. In 2016, CMV crashes accounted for 11.8% of all fatal crashes in the U.S., and in Kentucky, between 2009 and 2016, the number of CMV crashes rose 27%. Of particular concern to state departments of transportation have been crossover crashes involving CMVs. These occur

Most existing roads were designed without considering the improved performance of modern vehicles and the new onboard technologies available for assisted driving. In addition, vehicles frequently travel at speeds that exceed the maximum considered in road design. For these reasons, the need for speed- and safety-related countermeasures (e.g., field control, mobile or fixed speed cameras, traffic calming

In a current research effort, University of Minnesota and Minnesota Department of Transportation have been working on designing asphalt mixtures that can be constructed at 5% air voids, similar to the Superpave 5 mix design. High field density of asphalt mixtures is desired because it increases the durability and extends the service life of asphalt pavements. The paper investigates the current situation

The disaggregate modeling approach is a new trend in the literature to analyze the injury severity of truck-involved crashes. The assessment of truck driver injury severity based on driver action is still missing in the literature. This paper presents an extensive exploratory analysis that highlights significant variability in the severity of truck drivers’ injuries based on various action types (i

Because of the high percentage of fatalities and severe injuries in wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes, numerous studies have focused on identifying contributing factors to the occurrence of WWD crashes. However, a limited number of research effort has investigated the factors associated with driver injury-severity in WWD crashes. This study intends to bridge the gap using a random parameter logit model

Road departure (RD) crashes are among the most severe crashes that can result in fatal or serious injuries, especially when involving large trucks. Most previous studies neglected to incorporate both roadside and median hazards into large-truck RD crash severity analysis. The objective of this study was to identify the significant factors affecting driver injury severity in single-vehicle RD crashes

Walking is the most basic and sustainable mode of transportation, and many jurisdictions would like to see increased walking rates as a way of reducing congestion and emission levels and improving public health. In the United States, walking trips account for 10.5% of all trips undertaken. To increase this rate, additional research on what makes people feel more comfortable while walking is needed

This study examines various features affecting the severity associated with commercial motor vehicle (CMV, i.e., large truck and bus) head-on collisions on Kentucky highways. Recent five-year (2015–2019) crash data and variables rarely explored before (e.g., presence of centerline rumble strips, type of passing zone, and terrain type) were collected and prepared using Google Maps. A total of 378 CMV-related

The use of express lanes (ELs) in freeway traffic management has seen increasing popularity throughout the United States, particularly in Florida. These lanes aim at making the most efficient transportation system management and operations tool to provide a more reliable trip. An important component of ELs is the channelizing devices used to delineate the separation between the ELs and the general-purpose

Based on a survey of 2,106 individuals, this study aims to get a better understanding of the attitudes toward carsharing in Flanders, Belgium. Several drivers and barriers that influence household decisions to participate in a carsharing system are identified. An ordinal logit model reveals that highly educated, younger males with high ecological concerns are more likely to share cars. It is shown

The recycled plastic pin (RPP) is made from recycled plastics and waste materials (i.e., polymer, sawdust, fly ash, etc.). It is a lightweight material and is less susceptible to chemical and biological degradation than the alternative reinforcing element. RPPs are driven into the slope face and provide additional resistance along the slip surface which increases the factor of safety against shallow

Snow removal activities are performed by roadway agencies to enhance winter mobility and safety. Slower travel speeds during these operations, combined with low visibility and reduced pavement friction, mean that safety and collision avoidance remain a persistent concern. Many studies have implemented signing and lighting technologies to improve the visibility of snowplows. Although a few studies have

The development of new laser technologies in recent years has changed pavement data collection, opening the door to a fully automated approach. In this paper the application of the Pavement Surface Cracking Metric (PSCM), inspired by the Universal Cracking Indicator proposed by William Paterson in 1994, and developed by the ASTM E17 group is presented. The method uses quantitative definitions to ensure

Compaction is one of the most critical steps in asphalt pavement construction. Traditional compaction relies heavily on engineering experience and post-construction quality control and can lead to under/over compaction problems. The emerging intelligent compaction technology has improved compaction quality but is still not successful in obtaining mixture properties of a single pavement layer. Besides

Regional sustainability and transportation sustainability have been intensely discussed and analyzed in recent decades. Though the use of indicators has been adopted in those models, debates continue on what indicators should be used and how to optimize the number of indicators. This results in the lack of a comprehensive and efficient method to assess and compare the sustainability of a sub-system

The European Union (EU), which realizes one-quarter of the automobile production in the world, has made legal regulations to minimize fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in the automotive sector, to prevent global warming and climate change. Life cycle analysis for passenger cars revealed that 90% of this effect is caused by the driving phase of the vehicles. One of the practices used in the automotive

Rural four-lane roadways provide important transportation accessibility and mobility to populations in rural areas. It is a challenge for practitioners to determine cross-section types when both benefits and costs need to be considered. Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) are developed to evaluate the safety effectiveness of alternative designs. However, safety effectiveness could vary significantly

Assessing commercial road vehicle fuel use at a high spatiotemporal resolution helps in understanding underlying usage patterns and informs future interventions toward fuel-efficient freight planning and operations. With the use of global navigation satellite systems in fleet tracking and advancements in driver activity surveys, instantaneous fuel consumption models can calculate fuel use in high resolution

A scheduling algorithm is developed for optimal planning of large-scale, complex evacuations to minimize total delay plus travel time across residents. The algorithm is applied to the eight-county Houston-Galveston region and land use setting under the 2017 Hurricane Harvey scenario with multiple destinations. Autonomous vehicle (AV) use under central guidance is also tested, to demonstrate the evacuation

Unplanned rail disruptions result in substantial delays to passengers and severe effects on the economy of a large city like Toronto. While bus bridging has been a widely adopted method to replace the subway service in such events, its effect on the operational resilience of the subway service is less often studied. This study assesses the resilience of the subway network of Toronto employing an optimal

Several methods have been developed for nondestructive pile depth estimation over the past few decades, with impact-based methods remaining popular because of their ease of application. Sonic-echo techniques rely on generating nondispersive longitudinal waves by impacting the pile top and subsequently picking peaks that correspond to initial and reflected wave arrivals. Unfortunately, pile tops are

Safety performance functions (SPFs) are essential tools to help agencies predict crashes and understand influential factors. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has implemented a context classification system which classifies intersections into eight context categories rather than the three classifications used in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). Using this system, regional SPFs could be developed

Surface deterioration of concrete pavements requires maintenance. Highway and airfield pavements exhibit many of the same maintenance issues, but airfields have several additional unique issues and requirements. Among these are petroleum contamination on aircraft parking areas and a high potential for failed concrete or maintenance materials to damage aircraft. To address these issues, commercially

The calibration of safety performance functions (SPFs) is a mechanism included in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) to adjust SPFs in the HSM for use in intended jurisdictions. Critically, the quality of the calibration procedure must be assessed before using the calibrated SPFs. Multiple resources to aid practitioners in calibrating SPFs have been developed in the years following the publication of

It is well known that concrete structures can lose strength and long-term durability after a fire. The literature on the remaining capacity of tunnel structures after fire is quite scattered, however, and few published post-fire inspection guides exist. This paper reviews the available literature on the post-fire inspection and evaluation of concrete tunnels. The effects of fire on concrete and steel

Even though drivers disregarding a stop sign is widely considered a major contributing factor for crashes at unsignalized intersections, an equally important problem that leads to severe crashes at such locations is misjudgment of gaps. This paper presents the results of an effort to fully understand gap acceptance behavior at unsignalized intersections using SHPR2 Naturalistic Driving Study data.

Roundabout implementations at traditional intersections have been shown to be effective at reducing severe crashes. Roundabouts have also been implemented at interchange ramp terminals; however, limited research is available. In this study, 25 roundabout ramp terminal implementations were evaluated. The methodological approach consisted of Empirical Bayes for safety effectiveness and crash cost changes

Highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) present multiple collision risks for motorists, suggesting the need for additional countermeasures to increase driver compliance. The use of in-vehicle auditory alerts (IVAAs) at HRGCs has been increasing, but there are limited standards or guidelines on how such alerts should be implemented. In the current study, we sought to investigate the effect of different

Agent-based modelling has been suggested as a highly suitable approach for the tackling of future mobility challenges. However, the application of disaggregate models is often hindered by the high granularity of the required input. Recent research has suggested a combinatorial optimization-based framework to enable the conversion of typical origin–destination matrices (ODs) to suitable input for agent-based

Surface distress is an indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure that can be classified into a fracture, distortion, or disintegration. To mitigate the risk of failing roadways, effective methods to detect road distress are needed. Recent studies associated with the detection of road distress using object detection algorithms are encouraging. Although current

Despite hundreds of studies into the association between real estate value and proximity to fixed-route transit (FRT) systems, none has assessed the association with respect to express bus transit (XBT) stations/stops. Ours is the first to do so. Using a static, cross-section quasi-experimental research design, we evaluate CoStar multifamily (MF) rent per square foot to estimate the difference in rent