To date, the effectiveness of light emitting diode (LED)-embedded pedestrian crossing signs is not understood, despite such signs being installed and used at pedestrian crossings. A recent study by Texas Department of Transportation focused on examining driver yield rates, a surrogate safety measure, for signs installed across the state. A total of 13 sites were sampled and field observations and video

The study investigated the effects of income and vehicle ownership on household mobility (measured as trip frequency, miles traveled, and transit use) across states on the basis of the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. Bayesian multilevel (or random-effect) regression models were developed to include state-policy variables and overcome the concern of small sample sizes in some household strata

More than seven million people rely on the metro system daily in Seoul, South Korea. The metro system plays a vital role in connecting passengers to desired locations with the advantage of allowing for travel reliability and relative safety, all the while being an environmentally friendly alternative to other transport systems. Despite the benefits mentioned above, crowding on the metro can contribute

In mixed traffic streams without lane discipline, driving behaviors are complex and difficult to model. However, limited attempts have been made to study the characteristics of these maneuvers using trajectory data. This paper proposes a novel use of vehicle trajectory data to identify car–car and auto–car pairs in the following regime and the regime duration, classify pairs as strict and staggered

To increase traffic mobility and safety, several types of active traffic management (ATM) strategies, such as variable speed limit (VSL), ramp metering, dynamic message signs, and hard shoulder running (HSR), are adopted in many countries. While all kinds of ATM strategies show promise in releasing traffic congestion, many studies indicate that stand-alone strategies have very limited capability. To

The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD), U.S., has been using chip seal as an interlayer over cement stabilized base courses over the last several years to mitigate the reflective cracking for flexible pavements. Furthermore, DOTD is also changing the soil-cement base type from traditional cement stabilized design (CSD) to cement treated design (CTD) as another technique to

Reliability is a measure of network performance that reflects the ability of the network to provide predictable travel times. Deviations from planned travel times can increase travel costs for users. To improve the system's performance, it is crucial to identify sources of unreliability, particularly the location on the network of unreliable performance. The large amount of travel time data recorded

This study investigates trip-level destination choice behavior of users of the dockless bike sharing service (DBS). A random parameter latent segmentation-based logit (RPLSL) model is developed utilizing the DBS users’ trip itinerary data for Kelowna, Canada. The RPLSL model captures multi-dimensional heterogeneity such as inter-segment and intra-segment heterogeneity. The model is developed at a micro-spatial

Pedestrian safety is a top priority within the transportation planning community as cities promote sustainable transportation, alternative travel modes, and healthy lifestyles. If people feel unsafe while walking, they will choose other modes of transportation if they are able. To prioritize safety, it is important to know where pedestrian crashes are occurring and with what severity. Using spatial

Freeway merge ramps serve as one of the most challenging areas in traffic operations. This paper primarily focuses on creating a mixed traffic of conventional and connected/autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on freeways, and capturing driver behaviors both for the merging vehicle on the ramp and the freeway vehicles. The mixed distribution of vehicle headways of the freeway vehicles, developed based on various

Pressure is increasing on all industrial sectors to address climate sustainability, not only for the welfare of the planet, but also to preserve the customer base and manage operating costs. The aviation industry has a unique opportunity to halve its global radiative forcing (RF) contribution by minimizing the generation of aircraft induced clouds (AIC). These anthropogenic (human-made) condensation

Open graded, ultrathin, and permeable friction course surfaces (collectively referred to as PFSs) have been successfully used by many transportation agencies in several countries as a wearing surface to help reduce water splash and spray, reduce potential for hydroplaning, increase friction, and reduce noise. Despite these advantages, when used in colder climates PFSs tend to freeze more rapidly, transport

Railway stations are usually considered to be one of the main gathering centers of the city; thus, in the event of any incident, there will be significant casualties. The purpose of this study is to simulate strategies for reducing the evacuation time of the railway station in the event of fire using a safe zone approach with simulation software. To reduce the evacuation time, 18 scenarios were introduced

Beijing Capital International Airport is one of the busiest hub airports in the world, but its capacity is limited. Reducing the minimum radar interval during instrument approaches would be feasible to increase capacity. The airport has three parallel runways; the distance between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 is 3.485 km. Currently, because there is no final monitoring seat, the dependent parallel instrument

In a fully connected traffic environment with automated vehicles, new traffic control strategies could replace traditional traffic signals at intersections. In recent years, several studies about reservation-based intersection control strategies have been published, and a significant increase in capacity was shown. In the strategies presented so far, other road users usually play a minor role or are

Like other developed countries, Australia is experiencing considerable growth in air travel demand. This growth is putting tremendous pressure on airports to improve the capacity and level of service of access and egress modes. The main goal of this study was to develop a robust mode choice model for passengers’ access to airports, in the context of Brisbane, Australia. The novelty of this study includes

Headway of vehicles during platoon dispersion at signalized intersection is one of the critical microscopic traffic characteristics in traffic flow theory. The distribution of the discharge headways of vehicles also has a significant impact on the traffic generation process in most of the microsimulation approaches. However, few studies have investigated the vehicle discharge headway for interrupted

This paper describes the development of a random finite element model that allows holistic simulation of the phase transition and consequent development of internal stress and volume changes in frozen soils. The simulation capabilities of the model are first validated with laboratory scale experiments. The validated model is then implemented to study the soil lateral stress on the retaining wall subjected

Mobile fare payment applications are becoming increasingly common in the public transportation industry as a convenience for customers and as part of an effort to reduce fare management costs and improve operations for agencies. However, there is relatively little literature on vulnerabilities and liabilities in mobile fare payment applications. Furthermore, few public agencies or supporting vendors

Track engineers face increasing cost pressure and budget restrictions in their work today. This leads to growing difficulty in legitimizing crucial maintenance and renewal measures. As a result, infrastructure managers must ensure they invest all available financial resources as sustainably and efficiently as possible. These boundary conditions require an objective tool enabling both a component-specific

The road transport sector in India is on the cusp of a transition to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) from internal combustion engines (ICEs). Government of India (GoI) has announced several policy measures to push the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). However, EVs involve a high capital cost but lower operating costs. Therefore, the economics of EVs vis-à-vis ICE vehicles depends on the extent

A nanomodified cement consisting of particles with in situ synthesized carbon nanofibers was developed to introduce a strong load-sensing capability of the hydrated binder matrix. The material was produced using chemical vapor deposition. The nanomodified cement contained 2.71 wt% of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The electrical properties of the composite were determined. Several mortar samples were prepared

Thermal runaway incidents involving lithium batteries as cargo, in luggage, or as personal property in the cabin have been associated with fatalities, the destruction of cargo, and even the loss of entire aircraft. This research represents the first examination of the incidence of lithium battery thermal runaway incidents involving a variety of rechargeable lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries on

Managing expectations is vital to ensuring commuter satisfaction with their public transportation service. When customers are given an estimated time for their bus and must wait way longer, they lose a sense of control over their commute and become frustrated. In this paper, we present a novel machine learning (ML) modeling approach in which we train and implement specialized models for every single

This paper examines whether minimum parking requirements affect parking provision in condominiums and what factors determine condominiums’ parking capacities. By calculating actual, required, and excess parking capacities, the paper finds that almost 90% of the sample condominiums in Bangkok and the surrounding municipalities in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region provide more parking spaces than required

Detector data can be used to construct cumulative flow curves, which in turn can be used to estimate the traffic state. However, this approach is subject to the cumulative error problem. Multiple studies propose to mitigate the cumulative error problem using probe trajectory data. These studies often assume “no overtaking” and thus that the cumulative flow is zero over probe trajectories. However,

This paper seeks to understand participation in out-of-home activities by inhabitants in Dar es Salaam, and their perceptions toward informal public transport (IPT) and bus rapid transit (BRT) in supporting these activities. Without fixed schedules, IPT (e.g., minibuses, motorcycles, and tricycles) is used as a means of transport for different trips. However, IPT is burdened by poor roads, traffic

Safety is an important challenge in the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs). To ensure the safety of AVs, Intel and Mobileye have proposed a model called Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS). Previous studies have shown that RSS has the potential to improve the safety performance of AVs, especially for partial autonomous driving algorithms. However, it is been shown that RSS leads to a considerable

The overspeed protection, smooth driving, punctuality, and energy efficiency of freight trains largely depend on their trajectory optimization. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model, which maximizes the weighted sum of energy efficiency, punctuality, and driving smoothness. Model constraints systematically cover many practical conditions, including varying line resistance, overspeed

On-road emissions, a dominant source of urban air pollution, damage human health. Emissions increase air pollution intake (and damage health) of travelers (internal costs), and of non-travelers (external costs). This research constructs a framework modeling the microscopic production of emission cost from the vehicle and link level and applies it to a metropolitan road network. It uses project-level

Traffic in Houston, U.S., has continued growing over the past decade. The Houston District of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) recently began a pilot study to evaluate a dynamic ramp metering system. The project is aimed to convert ramp metering from local control to system-wide dynamic operation. In Phase I of the project, major control parameters and different metering strategies were

A techno-economic model is developed based on road-load simulation results expressed in relation to slip energy (SE) at the tire–pavement interface and the repair and maintenance (R&M) cost obtained from published sources and data from state agencies. Tire SE allows for the consideration of aggressive acceleration and deceleration, high torque conditions (for instance, driving an upslope grade), and

Emerging technologies, such as connected and autonomous vehicles, electric vehicles, and information and communication, are surrounding us at an ever-increasing pace, which, together with the concept of shared mobility, have great potential to transform existing public transit (PT) systems into far more user-oriented, system-optimal, smart, and sustainable new PT systems with increased service connectivity

The goal of this study is to evaluate potential air-quality applications of global positioning system (GPS) data from trucks in the Houston–Galveston Area Council’s (H-GAC) Drayage Loan Program (DLP), along with data collection using portable activity measurement systems (PAMS). PAMS data were collected at 1 Hz frequency from 39 heavy-duty trucks. Of these, 31 were diesel-powered DLP participant trucks

Unsafe interactions among road users are often seen on the urban networks of India. The conventional transportation planning method deals with this problem by segregating different modes to minimize intermodal conflicts. However, another school of thought recommends that spaces should be designed to ensure minimum segregation between road users by removing physical barriers and eliminating rules. Once

As part of strategic plans, we often see car dependency reduction vision along with strategies to reduce car use and vehicle-kilometers traveled while promoting alternatives such as transit and active modes. It is less common to see strategies to generate more structural changes, even if such change can have much more important and sustainable impacts. Whereas it is well known that home location is

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used photocatalyst that can oxidize motor vehicle exhaust, for example, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide, under the irradiation of sunlight. It has been reported that nano-scale TiO2 particles can be effectively used to modify the concrete-asphalt pavement, and make it as a photocatalytic pavement. However, the pure TiO2

Using the same vehicles for both passenger and freight transport, to increase vehicle occupancy and decrease their number, is an idea that drives transport planners and is also being addressed by manufacturers. This paper proposes a methodology to simulate the behavior of such vehicles within an urban traffic system and evaluate their performance. The aim is to investigate the impacts of resignation

The optimization of road maintenance on large road networks over long analysis periods is an extremely complex problem. Different approaches to the problem have been investigated and methods such as dynamic programming, integer programming, and genetic algorithms have shown promise in providing near-optimal solutions. One of the general approaches to the road maintenance optimization problem uses a

The objective of this study is to analyze the demand for loading and unloading parking spaces in the center of São João Del Rei, a historical city in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, through freight trip generation models. To generate the models, the number of employees is used as an independent variable. Results show that the historical center receives an average of 710 freight trips per day, which

Understanding the marginal impacts of park-and-ride (P&R) transit facilities can help in planning an efficient transit system. However, these marginal impacts are not well established in a U.S. context. This study helps to fill this gap using a survey of P&R users from the Twin Cities region in which the questions were specifically designed to determine how respondents would react to the removal of

Traffic volumes are fundamental for evaluating transportation systems, regardless of travel mode. A lack of counts for non-motorized modes poses a challenge for practitioners developing and managing multimodal transportation facilities, whether they want to evaluate transportation safety or the potential need for infrastructure changes, or to answer other questions about how and where people bicycle

Traffic congestion is one of the major problems facing transportation agencies, especially in urban areas. Agencies are exploring ways to use the existing transportation infrastructure efficiently by deploying appropriate traffic management strategies. One of these strategies is the use of express lanes, which are expected to effectively mitigate congestion and increase the reliability of highway facilities

Previous research indicates that spike fastener fatigue failures have led to at least ten derailments since 2000. Given that railroads continue to install fastening systems that have experienced spike failures, methods to quantify the stress state of the spike must be developed. Common approaches to quantify the effect of key variables include laboratory experimentation, field instrumentation, or finite

Lane drops are a common bottleneck source on motorway networks. Congestion sets in upstream of a lane drop as a result of the lane changing activity of merging vehicles. This causes the queue discharge rate at the bottleneck to decrease and drop below the capacity, leading to capacity drop and further congestion. The objective of this study is to minimize the total travel time of the system by controlling

This paper analyzes the impact of uphill grades on the acceleration drivers choose to impose on their vehicles. Statistical inference is made based on the maximum likelihood estimation of a two-regime stochastic car-following model using Next Generation SIMulation (NGSIM) data. Previous models assume that the loss in acceleration on uphill grades is given by the effects of gravity. We find evidence

Bezgin–Kolukırık equations (K’B3 and K'B3,H) are the last group of seven analytical equations based on the Bezgin Method. The method is based on the law of conservation of energy, rules of kinematics and a new concept, impact reduction factor, that describes the development of dynamic impact forces because of track and wheel roughness. K'B3 and K’B3,H estimate dynamic impact force factors because of

In this work, the effects of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) on workability, hydration reaction, microstructure, early age shrinkage, fracture properties, flexural strength, and compressive strength of cement paste were investigated. Six batches with variable CNF concentrations with the same water-to-cement (w/c) ratio (0.35) were tested. Flow table test showed a reduction in the workability as CNF dosage

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is already being recycled as a construction and building material. One of the commonly considered applications is to create an unbound aggregate from this material. However, since the particles of RAP have binder coatings, traditional quality control procedures applied during construction such as use of a nuclear density gauge does not provide accurate results. Therefore

Tidal flooding, a tangible, present-day result of sea-level rise, has caused roadway damage and transportation system closures as well as delays, disruptions, and economic losses. There is a need for more research, understanding, and planning for the management of this threat to transportation services. Using data on tidal flooding, transportation networks, land use, and population characteristics

Scalable and actionable performance measures for traffic signal systems provide opportunities for practitioners to measure and improve the transportation network. Historically, traffic signal improvements have relied on scheduled signal retiming based on limited data collection, or on the public to call and alert engineers of an issue. This inefficient method of improving signal timing led to the creation

Ride-hailing, as an important part of the sharing economy in the transport sector, has gradually become a popular model of travel. Nowadays, ride-hailing is rapidly being adopted in Iran. Thus, there is a necessity to explore the factors that determine potential users’ acceptance of ride-hailing services. To do so, a model was developed from a combination of the technology acceptance model with the

The current study investigates the performance of concrete incorporating ground granulated blast-furnace (GGBF) slag in the presence of colloidal nano-silica. A control group of concrete mixtures is compared with a group of mixtures with 50% slag replacement, with each group examined at two different ratios of colloidal nano-silica (3% and 6% of the total cementitious material). Subsequently, the relative

There already exist some rail transit lines linking the new towns to the center business district (LTC) in megacities. However, few lines between the new towns (LTT) exist. The paper examines whether, when, and how LTT cause land value uplift with LTC as the benchmark, which in turn can be used for feasibility analysis for value capture financing for the implementation of LTT. Evaluate the value in

Protected bicycle lanes are held up as the end-all of bicycle infrastructure, with unprotected bicycle lanes being widely considered unsafe and inferior. This perspective is supported by existing research showing people’s preference for protected versus unprotected bicycle lanes. Scant research, however, has explored this topic area using an observational research method. If an observational method

Cell phone use is among the most prevalent types of in-vehicle distractions. Studies have shown cell phones to have a negative impact on driving performance, with the magnitude of these impacts varying based on the level of engagement required for phone use, as well as the complexity of the driving environment. The development of effective policies and programs to mitigate distracted driving is contingent

Pervious concrete pavement (PCP) is a porous paving material that facilitates the rapid infiltration of runoff. The significance of temperature difference (ΔT) between the top and bottom of traditional concrete pavements for stresses and structural design is well known. However, with their low thermal conductivity, the question exists whether PCPs develop large ΔTs that vary during the day and between

Particle size and morphological/shape properties ensure the reliable and sustainable use of all aggregate skeleton materials placed as constructed layers in transportation applications. The composition and packing of these aggregate assemblies rely heavily on particle size and morphological properties, which affect layer strength, modulus, and deformation response under vehicular loading and therefore

Bus routes provide critical lifelines to disadvantaged travelers in major cities. Bus route performance is also more variable than the performance of other, grade-separated transit modes. Yet the social equity of bus operational performance is largely unexamined outside of limited statutory applications. Equity assessment methods for transit operations are similarly underdeveloped relative to equity

Roadway asset inventory data are essential in making data-driven asset management decisions. Despite significant advances in automated data processing, the current state of the practice is semi-automated. This paper demonstrates integration of the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence technologies within a practical framework for automated real-time identification of traffic signs from roadway images