In this paper, we investigate the performance of Space Shift Keying (SSK) modulation on a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless communication system for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) over Rician fading channels. SSK modulation can be a key technique for energy-efficient and reliable communication scenarios for UAV applications. The first part of the performance analysis consists of theoretical

In this paper, we address the problem of task allocation in Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) by means of forming tasks publisher coalition taking into consideration workers' route preferences. In prior research works, only one of the MCS components (either task publishers, contributors or platform) dominates the task allocation process. Currently, other approaches have investigated tasks coalition based on

With the growing interest in autonomous driving, constant connectivity for vehicles is becoming essential to enable the complete knowledge of the surrounding area, transmit and receive data that is crucial for the autonomous control. The vehicle mobility results in frequent service interruptions, and therefore, seamless handovers are required to mitigate this problem. Several IP-based solutions have

As the rapidly increasing connectedness of modern vehicles, more and more information security incidents targeting Intelligent Connected Vehicle (ICV) are emerging. Some potential attackers inject malicious packets by external interfaces, which infiltrating the controller area network (CAN), thus implement illegal intrusion. Deep learning-based in-vehicle intrusion detection systems (IDS) among anomaly

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are based on vehicle to infrastructure communications in which the vehicles periodically broadcast information to update a Road Side Unit (RSU). The traffic data is forwarded from all RSUs to a cloud or a central server for global analysis and detection of congestion levels on the roads. However, communication costs may considerably increase when a large amount of

Wavelet orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the medium access techniques recommended by the IEEE 1901 working group for broadband communications over electrical networks, and is under consideration for IoT applications. This standard provides a flexible architecture supporting integrated access, smart grid, building, in-home, and mobility platform (vehicle) applications. Wavelet

Vehicular networks have become among the most interesting topics in Internet of Things era as they are key factor in limiting road crashes and introducing a smart transportation system with high level of safety. The communication between vehicles and other devices is known as a Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) and it is categorized into two main types: Vehicles-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicles-to-Vehicles

In this work, we propose a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted underwater visible light communication system (UWVLC) with full-duplex cooperative relaying (FDCR). The near NOMA user (U1) supports the FDCR phenomena to assist the NOMA far user (U2) with the information transmission. The UWVLC channels are assumed to be Exponential-Generalized Gamma (EGG) distributed. The exact analytical

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has emerged as a crucial component in advanced Intelligent Transport System (ITS) for information transmission and vehicular communication. One of the vital research challenges in VANET is the design and implementation of novel network routing protocols which bring reliable end-to-end connectivity and efficient packet transmission

Dramatic increase in road traffic volume has made driving safety and traffic efficiency more challenging, but smart transportation has been spotlighted as a promising technology for improving driving safety and efficiency. This paper surveys safe and efficient driving in the smart transportation with a focus on the aspects of systems, protocols, applications, and security, especially for autonomous

Geographic routing protocols are suitable for VANETs because of their scalability and low overhead. However, the optimal selection of next-hop forwarding nodes is challenged by the dynamic topology of VANETs, in addition to the variable quality of wireless links and the temporal changes in available bandwidth. In this paper, we introduce a scheme to select the next-hop forwarder based on its mobility

In this paper, we study the physical layer security of multiple decode-and-forward cooperative vehicular to vehicular communications in which a known eavesdropper can receive the signals from source and relay nodes in the broadcast and cooperative phases, respectively. At first, we present a generalized optimal relay selection (GORS) in order to select the best relay considering the security of both

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) have become a leading technology receiving great attention from various research communities as a pivotal infrastructure for data dissemination in intelligent transportation systems. Data dissemination in VANET is a challenging task due to high dynamics in topology, mobility, and links connection. Internet model (i.e., TCP/IP) is inefficient for VANET data dissemination

This paper investigates the achievable average secrecy rate for a mobile jammer-aided secure unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying system. Specifically, one UAV is deployed as relay to support the communications between a source node and a destination node. An additional cooperative UAV is dispatched to enhance security by transmitting an the interference signal to interfere with any suspicious eavesdropping

In this paper, we propose a travel time estimation and prediction (TTEP) framework to enhance the driving efficiency on highways through the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Highway travel time estimation and prediction are important for the drivers in a long-distance traveling. The accurate travel time information on highways is the key to improve the efficiency of transportation systems. When current

Future fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) services consider positioning an integral part of a system that provides high precision using millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular networks. While the 5G standard for positioning is not fully defined yet, the positioning reference signal (PRS) used in long-term evolution (LTE) system is being considered. Since the conventional LTE PRS is designed for LTE systems

Modern day renewable and smart energy systems are increasingly playing an important role in our societies. Electric vehicle charging services infrastructures are becoming ever more popular and accessible, although at a pace that we argue is not well understood yet in terms of the reliability and security of this new paradigm. Often solutions are rolled out to the market with little or no analysis of

This paper tackles the problem of improving the coalitions' stability for Quality of Service Optimized Link State Routing (QoS-OLSR) protocol in urban Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). VANETs have introduced communication among vehicles for the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) allowing several safety and user-oriented applications to be implemented in an ad-hoc manner. The routing protocols

Heterogeneous content-based traffic distribution motivates Information-Centric Networking (ICN), where content delivery is of primary interest as a prominent solution. However, current work does not address Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for prioritized traffic, which is required for different applications and content types. This paper extends ICN with data delivery deadline awareness and shapes

Blockchain technology is gaining a lot of ground as a research topic lately. Wireless ad hoc network researchers are studying and applying blockchain to solve security and reliability issues. Blockchain is a distributed database maintained by multiple nodes in the network, and it is used as a solution to trust and security issues. Within a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), vehicles provide mutual road

Existing authentication schemes for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are not scalable to high-density and safety-critical VANETs. These schemes ignore the very important and unique VANET characteristics such as frequent path disconnections due to high-mobility, bandwidth-limited channel, applications entailing ultra-low latency, high channel-error rate, etc., in their design. Specifically, their

Vehicular cooperative autonomy characteristics such as adaptive platooning and collision avoidance are enabled only through the capability to reliably exchange, at multi-Gbps speeds, an ever growing quantity of data that are being generated by light detection and ranging (LIDAR), HD video, radar, and other sensors. Due to its high bandwidth availability, the mmWave communication channel is expected

Nowadays, vehicle ad hoc networks (VANET) are becoming one of the trends that motivate many service providers in urban areas. In this work, we take into account the random and continuous evolution of traffic in the VANET environment. We adopt a system to model the mode of evolution based on commutation. The proposed system is defined as a finite collection of linear submodels. Thus, for each subsystem

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are an innovative form of traditional vehicles. Automotive Ethernet replaces the controller area network and FlexRay to support the large throughput required by high-definition applications. As CAVs have numerous functions, they exhibit a large attack surface and an increased vulnerability to attacks. However, no previous studies have focused on intrusion detection

The aim of this paper is to address the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) based channel estimation issue in railway tunnel scenarios. Thus, we propose a deterministic model to accurately generate the time-varying channel response. And to investigate the impact of these particular environments on a Cyclic-Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) system, we first explore the pilot

This paper studies a statistical channel model for dynamic vehicular visible light communication systems. The proposed model considers the effect of variation in inter-vehicular spacing and the geometrical changes on path loss of the channel. The study also considers different weather conditions and vehicle mobility based on a realistic traffic flow model that considers traffic density during different

Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) is a meteoric growing research area due to the technological advancement in sensing, computation, communication, and radio wireless technology. The demand for VANET is increasing day by day due to the numerous diverse applications. Applications of VANET include safety applications like reduction in the road accident by broadcasting messages to the driver, convenience

Security and privacy are the most important concerns related to vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), as it is an open-access and self-organized network. The presence of ‘selfish’ nodes distributed in the network are taken into account as an important challenge and as a security threat in VANET. A selfish node is a legitimate vehicle node which tries to achieve the most benefit from the network by broadcasting

Recent developments in intelligent transportation system (ITS) require a reliable medium access control (MAC) protocol to support the high-priority safety message broadcast. The rapid increase in spectrum demand is addressed by implementing cooperation in cognitive radio-based vehicular ad-hoc networks (CR-VANETs). In this paper, a novel cooperative MAC for CR-VANET (CCRV-MAC) is proposed for safety

In vehicular communications, the use of IP-based vehicular networking is expected to enable the deployment of various road applications, namely for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. This paper surveys vehicular networking based solely on the Internet Protocol (IP), which is defined as IP Vehicular

Compared to traditional adaptive cruise control (ACC), cooperative ACC (CACC) can improve the response sensitivity of the following vehicles by using additional information, e.g., the acceleration of preceding vehicles, that is transmitted via inter-vehicle wireless communications. Thus, a platoon with CACC mode obtains a shorter time headway, thereby increasing road throughput while guaranteeing traffic

In this paper, we derive an analytical expression for the bit error probability of a multi-threshold (MTh) detector in the downlink three-user non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based vehicular communication system with unknown noise. The MTh detector directly detects the signal of vehicle user with the highest channel gain without detecting the signals of weaker users and removing their effects

The Multiuser Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) has been proposed for the autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) communication systems in a long transmission distance to transmit multiple users over the same channel bandwidth. Unfortunately, the DSSS data rate is limited by four users as a maximum due to the extensive multipath arrivals. This paper proposes a new scheme for the AUV communication

In present road traffic system, drone-network based traffic monitoring using the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) is a promising solution. However, camera-based traffic monitoring does not collect complete data, cover all areas, provide quick medical services, or take vehicle follow-ups in case of an incident. Drone-based system helps to derive important information (such as commuter's behaviour, traffic

RSEAP is a recently proposed RFID based authentication protocol for vehicular cloud computing whose authors claimed to be secure and efficient. In this article, we challenge these claims. More precisely, we show that RSEAP does not provide the desired security, and it is possible to conduct both tag and reader impersonation attacks efficiently. Besides, despite the use of timestamps, we show how this

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are an emerging technology that has much potential development ahead of it. VANETs seek to connect devices contained within vehicles together to create services that are particularly relevant to a vehicular environment. They attempt to do so without relying on infrastructure devices to assist in the process of network topology management. This particular nature of

Modern vehicular security architectures provision authorized vehicles with multiple short-term pseudonym certificates, so users can avoid tracking by rotating among certificates when signing messages. The large number of certificates in the system, however, makes revocation via Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) complex and/or inefficient. Two possible solutions for this issue are: (1) frequently

Vehicular ad hoc network as an intelligent transportation system supports traffic management to facilitate navigation, safety, and services to end-users. Delivery of safety messages is prioritized to avoid hazards in the system. In this regard, this paper discusses the existing TDMA MAC protocols in vehicular ad hoc network that efficiently coordinates and communicates with the vehicles and minimize

The notion of fog-based vehicular ad-hoc network has been introduced by the integration of fog-based computing paradigm into the conventional vehicular ad-hoc networks. This integration is envisioned to bring a more enjoyable driving environment with an enhanced level of safety. Evidently, one of the most challenging steps in reaching this goal is how to make these immense communications secure. Shared

The Fifth Generation (5G) cellular network requires new solutions to new network requirements, for example, support for high-speed mobility. This paper presents a handover decision solution for connected vehicles to 5G Ultra-Dense Networks (5G-UDN). Its main goal is to treat high vehicular mobility and provide performance gains in handover for vehicles, since the densification of the cellular network

Visible light communication (VLC) is nowadays envisaged as a promising technology to enable new classes of services in intelligent transportation systems ranging, e.g., from assisted driving to autonomous vehicles. The assessment of the performance of VLC for automotive applications requires as a basic step a model of the transmission pattern and propagation of the VLC signal when real traffic-lights

The world is embracing the presence of connected autonomous vehicles which are expected to play a major role in the future of intelligent transport systems. Given such connectivity, vehicles in the networks are vulnerable to making incorrect decisions due to anomalous data. No sophisticated attacks are required; just a vehicle reporting anomalous speeds would be enough to disrupt the entire traffic

Vehicular ad hoc networks have enabled applications for real-time data sharing such as safety and infotainment services in smart cities. Notably, with the widespread adoption of the internet of things (IoT), the back-end networks are not designed to carry large amounts of data as it leads up to network congestion and consumes a significant amount of energy. Moreover, the IoT sensor data requires real-time

With the incoming of 5G communications, Vehicular Networks have the hope to achieve ultra-high data transmission rate with extremely low end-to-end delay. However, the dynamic nature of transportation traffic and increased data bandwidth demands are the major obstacles to achieve high transmission rate in Vehicular-to-Anything (V2X) Networks. To overcome these obstacles, this paper presents a novel

A new trend in network management that started to gain popularity in recent years is the Software-Defined Networking (SDN). By decoupling the control plane from the data plane, SDN provides a centralized view and more flexibility, scalability, and global knowledge of the entire network. In a previous paper, we presented ROAMER, a routing protocol that exploits Roadside Units (RSUs) in order to route

Electronization and intelligentization are gradually becoming the basic characteristics of modern automobiles. With the continuous deepening of intelligent network integration, automotive information security has become increasingly prominent. The in-vehicle network system is responsible for controlling the state of intelligent connected vehicles and significantly affecting driving safety. This research

This paper tackles the problem of selecting stable relays for Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) in urban Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in the presence of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). With the evolution of Internet of Things (IoT), IoV emerged from the conventional vehicular ad-hoc network to enable Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication through different routing protocols. In OLSR protocol

Emerging Internet of Things (IoT) is considered as blessings for the automotive industry to offer vast opportunities to inventively create, develop, and enhance seamless services for the comfort of the users. Over time, IoT has significantly expanded and evolved in a numerous variety of automotive applications. Motivated by this growing importance of automotive IoT, this paper presents a critical literature

Floating Content (FC) is a communication paradigm to locally share ephemeral content without direct support from infrastructure. It is based on constraining the opportunistic replication of content in a way that strikes a balance between minimizing resource usage and maximizing content availability among the intended recipients. However, existing approaches to management of FC schemes are unfit for

Development of Software Defined Networking (SDN) based Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is one of the key enablers of 5G technology. VANETs enable different types of services through communication between vehicles and road side units. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) introduced this emerging technology to provide travelers comfort, safety, and infotainment services with improved traffic efficiency

In this paper, we study the time-variance of a roadside infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) channel operating at 60 GHz millimetre wave (mmWave) band, where the time-variance is caused by moving vehicles acting as scatterers. At first, measurement data is obtained by placing the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX) at different heights to emulate a link between two nonidentical roadside units

With a securely pre-shared short password, Password-Authenticated Key Exchange (PAKE) protocol is able to produce a secure session key to protect the communication. However, in a practical self-organized network, e.g. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), the pre-shared passwords are often insecure, because the mass-produced devices are frequently with similar default passwords, such as 0000 or 1234, which

Cellular-based vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is one of the emerging and promising techniques to support vehicular communications by enabling both safety-critical and non-safety services. C-V2X communications is a core solution to manage and advance future traffic safety and mobility. In this paper, we design a cellular-based vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications model for a Manhattan dense

Applying vehicular (V2X) communications in detecting traffic congestion is a promising approach, as smart and self-driving vehicles are equipped with sensors that can be used to detect an incident anywhere in real-time. Unfortunately, without appropriate security measures and careful design the communication can be vulnerable to malicious attacks, causing even more damage on the roads. Addressing these

As the number of technologies implemented in our daily life and rapidly deployed in the transportation system continuously increases, the car-following model is crucial in the transition towards developing an intelligent transportation system. The car-following model adopts different types of sensors to collect driver behaviour for developing road safety and efficient traffic management. This systematic

Security and authentication are an important guarantee for vehicle to everything (V2X). At present, V2X security schemes in most countries are based on public key infrastructure (PKI). These schemes require additional digital signatures when sending basic safety messages (BSMs), which means security requires additional overhead. Consequently, V2X communication efficiency will be affected in the case

Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV) is becoming a reality where private and secure communication is a prerequisite. Various standardization organizations and studies have reached a consensus to use Vehicular Public-key Infrastructure (V-PKI) in order to secure SIoV systems. However, significant security- and trust-related problems remain unsolved. This study presents an Accountable Credential Management

With the rapid development of internet, new technologies and new domains of activities are increasingly created with an exponential pace. Therefore, network operators and service providers experience an astonishing demand in terms of network services' performance. Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), which have evolved to Internet of Vehicles (IoV), are one of these new technologies with high demand

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have the potential to enable communication among vehicles either directly using a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication model or through a road side unit (RSU) while using a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication model. In multi-hop messaging, end-to-end (E2E) communication delay and messages reachability are essential performance indicators for VANET applications