State of health (SOH) is critical to evaluate the life expectancy of lithium-ion battery (LIB), thus should be estimated accurately in practical applications. This article proposes a computationally efficient model-based method for SOH estimation of LIB. A revised Lorentzian function-based voltage–capacity (VC) (RL-VC) model is exploited to accurately capture the voltage plateaus of LIB which reflect

A novel integrated converter for electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed in this article. For battery-charging operation, the proposed converter system enables a complementary deployment of the utility grid and a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Since both sources (acting one at a time) utilize the same converter, the developed charging system, therefore, has a smaller number of components. In addition

In recent years, wireless power transfer (WPT) is extensively researched because it is a reliable and safest way of electric vehicle charging. Generally, rectangular-, square-, and circular-shaped unipolar coils are used in the static and dynamic WPT systems. However, these unipolar coils suffer from reduced coupling coefficient ( $k$ ) due to large leakage flux, which decreases power transfer and

Drones have become a new means for parcel delivery in recent years. As the flight distances of currently available commercial drones are usually limited due to the battery capacity constraint, this article considers the placement of charging stations to charge or replace the battery, and thus enlarge the coverage of customers. The problem of deploying a number of charging stations to cover the customers

Gallium nitride enhancement-mode high electron mobility transistors (GaN E-HEMTs) can achieve high frequency and high efficiency due to its excellent switching performance compared with conventional Si transistors. Nevertheless, GaN HEMTs exhibit a more pronounced dynamic ON-state resistance $R_{\mathrm {DS}(\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON})}$ than silicon transistors. The variation of $R_{\mathrm {

The internal capacitor voltages of a four-level hybrid clamped converter (4L-HCC) can have serious instability issues without proper control, limiting its application in variable speed drives for transportation electrification. This article presents a new integrated control scheme for an electrical machine drive fed by the 4L-HCC. Compared with the traditional PWM control, the proposed method effectively

Electric traction machines have been applied to both industrial variable-speed applications and electric vehicles. The induction machine (IM) is a potential candidate for traction machines due to the established industrial base. However, most of the existing studies on traction IM design rely on optimization algorithms or iterative calculation programs that subsequently give no clear understanding

Mathematical modeling of a machine allows a better understanding, and it gives insight on the effect of each variable on the machine dynamics. This article develops the mathematical model of a novel shifted interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) with aligned magnet and reluctance torques. It is a new class of IPMSM where the flux barrier is modified in such a way that the relative positions

The current-control loop plays an important role in achieving the rapid torque response of the vector-controlled salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Since the cross coupling of the motor model can deteriorate the performance of the current-control loop, numerous decoupling current regulators have been reported. However, less attention is drawn to the theoretical evaluation of the

In encoderless field-oriented-controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, current sensors may malfunction in harsh working environments. A current sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy with a single sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed in this article, which can achieve both phase current error construction and rotor position estimation. This strategy can simplify the system

In this article, a two-level methodology is proposed to optimize the design of a hybrid excitation synchronous machine (HESM) for a given electric vehicle (EV) over an arbitrary-selected driving cycle. We are looking at a huge analysis problem of finding an optimal hybridization ratio (HR) between the two excitation sources, namely, permanent magnet (PM) and wound excitation (WE). To find the optimal

This study proposes an ensemble reinforcement learning (RL) strategy to improve the fuel economy. A parallel hybrid electric vehicle model is first presented, followed by an introduction of ensemble RL strategy. The base RL algorithm is $Q$ -learning, which is used to form multiple agents with different state combinations. Two common energy management strategies, namely, thermostatic strategy and equivalent

This article proposes a computationally efficient path-following control strategy of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) with yaw motion stabilization. First, the nonlinear control-oriented model, including path-following model, single-track vehicle model, and magic formula tire model, is constructed. To handle the stability constraints with ease, the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) technique

Current control in electric multiple unit (EMU) pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) rectifiers is crucial for the system’s stable operation and fast transient response. It should not only regulate the sinusoidal current under very low switching frequency but also eliminate dc current avoiding transformer core saturation. Therefore, proportional integral (PI) plus vector proportional integral with phase compensation

The primary objective of evaluation of eddy-current losses is to provide a guide for optimized design of tractive transformer. It is not sensible to directly create the detailed laminations of a transformer core for analyzing the eddy-current field because of sophisticated modeling procedure and incredible computational cost. As a result, in this article, a series of original formulas to describe the

The flexible traction power supply system (FTPSS) integrates back-to-back converter, and hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and photovoltaic (PV) generation system will be an important part of the smart railway. The FTPSS not only cancels the neutral zone but also facilitates the utilization of regenerative braking (RB) and renewable energy, but the random fluctuation of PV and the sudden change of

With less fragile power electronics integrated, the overall shipboard power system (SPS) safety level is prone to increase. In this article, the motion equation concept of a less power electronics-based more-electric ship is proposed to study the SPS dynamics. A wound rotor induction machine (WRIM) acts as the propulsion load, whose stator and power converter are regarded as a synthetic internal voltage

The frequent start/stop operation of a bow thruster presents a high pulsating power demand in shipboard microgrids while reducing the fuel efficiency of the diesel engines, which may induce potential instabilities. In this article, a hybrid energy storage system, including batteries and ultracapacitors (UCs), is connected to the dc bus of the thruster driver, and a hierarchical controller is proposed

The dc grid is emerging as a new electric power distribution concept for several types of vessels due to its higher fuel efficiency compared with the conventional ac grid. Until today, wound rotor generators (WRGs) and diode rectifiers have been applied to the generation part of the onboard dc grid although the efficiency, weight, reliability, and footprint of the WRGs are inferior to those of permanent

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A new asymmetric bar winding concept along with the analysis and benefits for high-speed traction electric machines is presented. The objective is to reduce the ac losses, especially at high speeds, utilizing optimized and asymmetric conductor heights within a slot for bar-wound stators. Detailed winding diagram, height optimization, ac loss analysis, and thermal performance are presented for both

Electrical machines (EMs) are required to consistently perform their intended mission over a specified timeframe. The move toward transportation electrification made the EMs’ reliability an even stringent and predominant requirement, since a failure might cause severe economic losses, as well as endanger human lives. Traditionally, the design procedure of motors conceived for safety-critical applications

This article proposes improved mathematical models for torque and system efficiency used toward obtaining accurate current advance angle for maximizing the efficiency of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor. First, improved torque and efficiency calculation procedure that consider the effects of parameter variations, such as inductance, stator resistance and PM flux linkage simultaneously

Dynamic performance and efficiency are critical for the interior permanent-magnet (IPM) motor drives for transportation applications. Over the past few decades, direct torque control (DTC) has attracted attention from both academia and industry, due to its advantages, such as fast dynamic response, robustness to motor parameters uncertainties, and external disturbances. To improve the efficiency of

Synchronous reluctance (SynRel) and permanent magnet (PM)-assisted SynRel (PMASynRel) machines with hyperbolic-shaped flux barriers are gaining more interest in commercialized products of known companies, because of their high saliency ratio. This article presents a faster approach for calculation of the air-gap flux density distribution and the electromagnetic torque of these machines than the finite-element

This article delves into simultaneously applying the modular stator and segmented rotor to switched reluctance motors (SRMs). In this regard, a new double-stator segmented-rotor modular SRM (DSSR-MSRM) with a new pole combination is proposed. First, the motor topology is introduced and the magnetic circuit model of the motor is analyzed. Next, the electromagnetic performances of the machine are analyzed

A control-winding direct power control (CWDPC) strategy for a dc generating system based on the five-phase dual-stator winding induction generator is proposed and investigated in this article. For this generator, the flux-oriented control is usually employed in the previous work mainly for the sake of good static performance. However, the present control strategy has the limitation of the further enhancement

This article presents an on-board charger for the electric vehicles (EVs) by integrating the drive-train components into the charging process. The stator windings of three-phase induction motor (IM) can be used as a grid interfacing inductor with the constraint that the rotor should be in the stationary position during the charging mode. This article proposes the stator winding configurations of three-phase

The adoption of two paralleled inverters using magnetically coupled inductors is an emerging and effective way to feed the three-phase load, which can be operated with interleaved or zero-common-mode (CM) pulsewidth modulation (PWM). The zero-CM PWM can significantly reduce the CM current and electromagnetic interference (EMI), but worsen the circulating current as compared to the interleaved method

Conventional model predictive control (MPC) suffers from unfixed switching frequency, heavy computational burden, and cumbersome weighting factors’ tuning, especially for multilevel inverter applications due to a large number of voltage vectors. To address these concerns, this article proposes multiple-voltage-vector (MVV) MPC algorithms with reduced complexity and fixed switching frequency for T-type

Series resonant converter can only operate efficiently within a narrow voltage gain range, which limits the use for battery charging applications. Thus, this article proposes a turn-off delay-controlled bidirectional series resonant (TFD-BSR) converter to extend the voltage gain range and enhance the efficiency. Instead of frequency modulation, the turn-off delay of the corresponding bottom switches

This article presents an improved linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) control based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to optimize the key parameters for the closed-loop control of dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters with high system uncertainty. First, the polytopic model of an uncertain DAB converter is introduced according to the simplified DAB equivalent circuit. LMIs are then used in the improved

Wide-bandgap (WBG) devices are considered to be a better alternative to silicon switches to realize high-efficiency and high-power-density power electronics converters, such as electric vehicle (EV) onboard chargers. The two major challenges of GaN devices are their relatively high cost (~5 times compared to Si) and much smaller footprint than Si, which though is preferred in the high-power-density

Electric vehicles (EVs), as part of sustainable transport, are believed to be helpful to reduce global warming. In this article, we focus on the fast-charging station (FCS) deployment problem, which is one of the key issues of the EV ecosystem. Specifically, elastic demand is considered, i.e., charging demand will be suppressed because of either long driving distance to get charging or long waiting

Plug-in electric vehicles are widely acknowledged as an effective tool for numerous environmental and economic concerns. In this article, a novel model for the planning of fast-charging stations is established based on a data-driven distributionally robust optimization approach, which aims to minimize the expected planning cost for both transportation network and distribution network. $\phi $ -divergence

The deployment of fast charging stations (FCSs) can tackle one of the main barriers to the widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), i.e., the otherwise long charging time of PEVs. Moreover, feeding the demand of FCSs from renewable energy sources (RESs) can maximize the positive environmental impact of PEVs and decrease the energy costs associated with charging. However, due to their

A half-current-multiplier rectifier (HCMR) is proposed, which is capable of increasing the output filter current of phase-shifted full-bridge (PS-FB) by 1.5 times. The HCMR filter is based on an autotransformer structure and improves the valid duty cycle of the PS-FB converter by using the induced current from the common winding. The primary current will decrease rapidly during the dead time period

The reliability of DC-link capacitors in urban rail transit is considered as a major challenge because of significant maintenance impact. In this article, the DC-link capacitor reliability is researched in metro traction drive system. In the small timescale of control level, the current harmonics of multiple operating conditions and different control methods in the DC-link capacitor are discussed.

The increasing urbanization, population, and travel demand lead to a higher density of trains in subway or tramway lines, which weakens the energy-feeding dc substations of these city transportation means. Under such circumstances, voltage sags in the upstream ac grid, resistive voltage drops in dc feeders, and constant power load (CPL) nature of subway and tramway traction units can lead to momentous

The high-frequency instability (HFI) issue results in serious harmonic overvoltage phenomena in the electrification railway system. This issue is rooted in the range that is not only below, but also above half the switching frequency. The commonly used small-signal averaging model is a single-frequency model in which the corresponding frequency component with perturbation frequency is considered merely

The entropic coefficient of a lithium-ion battery cell is used to calculate the reversible heat of a battery during operation, which is a nonnegligible part of the battery thermal modeling. The contribution of this article is to propose a novel method to establish the entropic coefficient profile of a 26-Ah commercial pouch cell and compare the results with those obtained from the traditional potentiometric

In recent years, there has been a rapid change in the portfolio of road vehicles. This transformation needs to be supported by reshaping fuel stations. The existing structures can be modified to supply multiple vehicle types while utilizing renewable energies. In this article, we introduce a hybrid fuel station (HFS) to supply both electric and natural gas vehicles. We incorporate an energy hub and

In this article, to better deal with the unknown time-varying disturbance, an enhanced robust controller based on high-order extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for a dc–dc floating interleaved boost converter in fuel cell application. Within the proposed controller, the disturbance is estimated in real time using high-order ESO and then canceled in the control law. Theoretical analysis is carried

Increasing in the net output power of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems is an important aspect of improving the performance of PEMFC. In order to enhance the net output power of the PEMFC system, the maximum net power strategy of the PEMFC system is proposed. Since the PEMFC system is a nonlinear system with time delay and uncertainty, sliding mode variable structure control (SMVSC)

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are overactuated systems in that they include two power sources: a battery pack and an internal combustion engine. This feature of HEVs is exploited in this article to achieve accurate identification of battery parameters/states. By actively injecting currents, the state of charge, state of health, and other battery parameters can be estimated in a specific sequence

This article proposed a reconfigurable control scheme for articulated vehicles’ stabilization by leveraging optimization-based control techniques. The central objective is to maintain a good lateral and yaw stability of the vehicle with optimal corrective brakes, meanwhile applicable to different actuation configurations. This is achieved by a two-layer control structure, where the high-level controller

The utilization of green energy resources for supplying energy to ships in the marine industry has received increasing attention during the last years, where different green resource combinations and control strategies have been used. This article considers a ferry ship supplied by fuel cells (FCs) and batteries as the main sources of ship’s power. Based on the designers’ and owners’ preferences, different

In this article, the modular three-phase ac–dc converter using single-phase isolated Ć uk rectifier modules for charging of electric vehicles is discussed. The converters are designed and analyzed for the continuous conduction mode (CCM). This article is based on a new concept of adaptive sliding-mode-based loss-free resistor (ASLFR). ASLFR is a control scheme, which allows dual aim of power factor

Electrification, automation, and connectivity in the automotive and transport industries are gathering momentum, but there are escalating concerns over their need for co-optimization to improve energy efficiency, traffic safety, and ride comfort. Previous approaches to these multiobjective co-optimization problems often overlook tradeoffs and scale differences between the objectives, resulting in misleading

In [1] , the Acknowledgement section should have read as follows. The tests were partially conducted at the Center for Mobile Propulsion (CMP), RWTH Aachen University. The authors would like to thank DENSO Automotive Deutschland GmbH, IPG Automotive GmbH, and dSPACE GmbH for the supply of hardware and software. For the interdisciplinary scientific knowledge exchange, the authors thank the research

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal.

This article presents a maximum efficiency tracking method for an inductive power-transfer (IPT) system based on a Boost dc–dc converter. Impedance matching (IM) is achieved by maintaining the equivalent load impedance to be constant against load variations. The expression of the optimal equivalent load impedance corresponding to the maximum system-transfer efficiency is derived, and the impedance-transfer

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) possess the merits of low carbon emissions, high fuel efficiency, and long driving mileage, and thus attract more and more attention. This article presents an integrated switched reluctance motor (SRM) powertrain topology for PHEVs, which owns multiple driving and battery-charging functions with less power electronic devices than traditional topology. In motor

This article proposes a new convex optimization strategy for coordinating electric vehicle charging, which accounts for battery voltage rise and the associated limits on maximum charging power. Optimization strategies for coordinating electric vehicle charging commonly neglect the increase in battery voltage, which occurs as the battery is charged. However, battery voltage rise is an important consideration