Introduction Access to a valid driver licence for most Australians can be essential for employment. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples however are under-represented as driver licence holders. As such driver licensing programs have been established across Australian States and Territories to support them to obtain a driver licence. The aim of this review is to identify these driver licensing

Background The women in Saudi Arabia rely heavily on private cars in their mobility despite their negative impact on health and the environment. The conservative culture, combined with other factors, had imposed restrictions on using other modes of mobility. Therefore, in 2016, the kingdom launched the Saudi Vision 2030 to promote sustainable travel behavior and a healthy lifestyle specifically for

Objective To analyze the influence of active commuting to and from school on daily physical activity of children (7–9 years old) and adolescents (10–12 years old). Methods: Longitudinal study, including students from a public school (n = 462; 7–12 years old; 53.6% boys, 46.4% girls). Active commuting (walking and cycling) and physical activities were self-reported using a computational questionnaire

Background Few studies with children in Asian countries, especially in Japan, have examined the relationship between walking to/from school and physical activity by segments of the day. Therefore, the present study examined the associations between walking to/from school with physical activity before school, after school, and during the entire day in a sample with a high proportion of Japanese children

Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic many municipalities closed or limited access to parks. A few also added new shared streets for citizens to recreate. This large and unprecedented change in the ability of residents to use green space provides an important case for assessing how emergency planning processes might differentially impact minority groups. Methods Using the case of park closures

Background To limit the spread of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the World Health Organization recommends the use of face mask as a part of the pandemic control strategy. It has published also “best practices” in which it advises to avoid touching the mask while wearing it. This might be challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of mask-touching behavior

Objectives To investigate the frequency of both actual and missed transportation among lower-income older adults within the context of physical health status. Methods This study utilizes an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design. EMA occurs in real world settings, using real-time data collection with repeated assessments. Ten adults (70% female, 50% African American, mean age = 69.56, SD = 3

Introduction The valuation of travel time savings and the valuation of health effects are crucial in the economic appraisal of infrastructure projects that affect cycling and walking for transport. Current practices treat the two in separate; but if individuals perceive the positive health effects from active transport, then they should also be expected to factor in these benefits in their valuation

Introduction In the hope of designing concepts for future transport systems, we would like to understand more about the barriers and challenges faced by individuals with autism when taking public transport in Singapore. However, the limited research studies exploring this topic were all conducted abroad with different transport systems. This paper thus investigates the barriers to public transport

Introduction Transportation is an integral part of our daily lives, giving us access to people, education, jobs, services, and goods. Our transportation choices and patterns are influenced by four interrelated factors: the land use and built environment, infrastructure, available modes, and emerging technologies/disruptors. These factors influence how we can or choose to move ourselves and goods. In

Previous studies have commonly identified a significant difference in injury severity in traffic crashes by gender. In the United States, using a female dummy had not been mandatory in vehicle testing until 2003 for frontal crashes and 2006 for side impact crashes. The main objective of this study is to identify the gender difference in injury severity by considering the use of female dummy in vehicle

Introduction We applied a go-along interview, a mobile method that enhances the contextual basis of qualitative research, to understand how older people interact with walking environments when approaching public transport in high-density cities. Methods We collected concerns, walking barriers and areas of improvement from older people's views by walking along with 72 participants on pre-designed walking

Introduction While bikeshare programs represent a promising platform for promoting physical activity and health, critics are concerned about their equity. In 2018, Greater Boston launched a low-income bikeshare membership program and expanded the number of available stations. This study examines: 1) changes in equity of station access and 2) changes in equity of bikeshare use as a result of the equity

Introduction Some of the most vulnerable groups of teens choose to delay driving licensure (DDL). We assessed longitudinal associations between state-level Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) restrictions and DDL among U.S. high school students. Methods Data from seven waves of the NEXT Generation Health Study (starting 10th-grade (2009–2010)), were analyzed in 2020 using Poisson regression. The outcome

Introduction The paper describes and examines a novel methodology to co-define transport and mobility challenges and co-create solutions with residents of a socioeconomically disadvantaged area within Oxford in the UK. The co-creation methodology is examined in relation to the extent of participation, inclusivity, transparency, interactivity, scale, sustainability/continuity, replicability, potential

Introduction Light rail transit (LRT) has become a popular intervention for addressing the social and economic complexities associated with urban growth. LRT development can exert influence on neighborhood characteristics, such as property values, employment opportunities, and service access. Many of these changes can impact the health of nearby residents by influencing their exposure to the social

Introduction The high transmissibility and infectivity of the new coronavirus, the high proportion of asymptomatic transmitters and the rapid and continuous spatial displacement of people, by the different mechanisms of locomotion, are elements that can contribute to the dissemination of COVID-19. This study aims to describe the geographical dispersion of COVID-19 in the state of Bahia and the importance

Introduction A detailed understanding of how the weather affects cycling is lacking. Where research has been carried out, the focus has often been on temperate and hotter climates; little research has been carried out regarding cycling in colder climate communities. This study therefore investigated the lived experience of winter-season cycling to provide empirical data for planning winter cycling

Introduction In recent years, questions have been asked about how people's exposure to air pollution varies across different transport modes, particularly in urban areas and how various factors, such as route choice and proximity to motorised transport for active travellers, characteristics of public transport vehicles, ventilation settings for cars and time of the day, may affect exposure. Methods

Introduction Safe, affordable, and convenient transportation may help older adults (age 65 and older) stay independent, access healthcare services, and maintain their quality of life. While older adults in the United States primarily rely on private automobiles, those who reduce or cease driving may require alternative forms of transportation. Ride share services show promise as an alternative mode

Introduction Bikeshare programs have emerged across the US to promote bicycling as an active mode of transportation that could potentially improve health and quality of life. However, bikeshare usage is low in some settings. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore barriers and facilitators of bikeshare use and to identify potential strategies to increase participation in urban environments

Introduction COVID-19 is a pandemic that affected humans’ lives and activities through the year 2020 in a way that was not witnessed in recent years. Many governments declared a complete lockdown as a try to stop the transmission of the disease. This lockdown resulted in a good recovery in environmental health, where air pollutants levels dramatically decreased. Theory There are two relations between

Introduction A correlation between reduced obesity and living near a subway station has been found in developed countries. However, the causal nature of this relationship still cannot be established because most existing literature relies on cross-sectional data. The current subway boom in developing countries gives us a chance to address this concern by obtaining a temporal ordering of the shift in

Introduction Mobility limitation can hinder one's access to goods and services that may lead to poor health outcomes, especially among older adults who do not drive. Existing literature on older adults' mobility limitations has majorly focused on single transportation mode (e.g., walking, public transit), and little is known about the differences in trip purposes and all-mode transportation patterns

Introduction Pedestrians are the most vulnerable street users and unsafe traffic behaviour may endanger their lives. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of unsafe behaviours and their predictors among pedestrians in a city according to gender, time of day, and location. Methods In this cross-sectional study, unsafe behaviours of 391 pedestrians in 17 locations were observed directly

Introduction Trends over the last half century have shown that fewer children today are engaging in active modes of travel to and from school than in previous generations. Interventions promoting active school travel (AST) can be effective at reversing these trends and increasing rates of AST among children. This paper aims to explore (1) how studies of AST interventions have considered or framed multiple

Introduction Distracted driving is dangerous, widespread and has become one of the top concerns regarding traffic safety. The goals of the REDD – LIGHT study were to naturalistically determine the prevalence of distracted drivers at a red traffic light, as well as to determine the prevalence of specific distractions and their impact on the drivers’ reaction to traffic light transition. Methods We observed

Objective To investigate facilitators and barriers to all types of cycling in adults aged ≥50 years. Methods An online survey of 1335 cyclists aged ≥50 years residents of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Results Almost all participants (98.5%) reported physical health and fitness as a reason for riding a bicycle, followed by mental health (68.1%), social (58.3%) and environmental reasons (44%). Top

Introduction An increasing number of studies discuss the relationship of walking with attitudes and perceptions. However, the findings are not consistent, and few studies have examined the relationship between walking and attitudes to overall mobility and multiple modes. In this paper, we contribute to these debates by exploring the relationship between walking for transport and broad attitudes to

Introduction Cycling contributes to maintaining and improving physical activity and public health. Improvement of cycling behavior has been paid much attention in the developed countries, but it has received less attention in the developing nations. Shiraz in Iran, currently has a partial cycling network which has been unsuccessful and is rarely used for cycling. This research explored and classified

Introduction Understanding the importance of factors influencing the choice of active transportation modes (i.e. walking/cycling) may be misleading if we only concentrate on the direct and independent impacts of background variables (i.e. demographic, social environment and built environment factors). We hypothesised that background variables not only have a direct effect but also indirectly (through

Introduction The rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reshaped urban travel patterns. In this research, we explore the relationship between “social distancing,” a concept that has gained worldwide familiarity, and urban mobility during the pandemic. Understanding social distancing behavior will allow urban planners and engineers to better understand the new norm of urban mobility amid

Introduction Climate change is leading to increasingly severe wildfires across the United States. Over the past several years, these events have led to extreme, persistent smoke events in several urban areas across the western U.S. However, the health impacts of smoke events on urban communities are not well understood. Impacts to physical activity, including active transportation, may be a useful

Introduction Bicycling has numerous health benefits, such as improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, and significant risk reductions for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity and has benefits to the environment. However, motorists' behavior has been shown to be a significant barrier for people to bicycle. Therefore, it is important to examine licensed drivers’ knowledge of the policies that

Introduction We are just beginning to be able to detect the policy implications and public health effects of changes in marijuana laws and consumption in the United States on motor vehicle related fatalities. Most studies to date use classical regression methods to study these and are thus susceptible to both model and parameter uncertainty. This study examines the associations between marijuana and

Background Transportation policies and projects have multiple impacts on health. Research on these impacts can help promote positive and reduce adverse health consequences of decisions made by transportation agencies. Methods In 2019 the U.S. National Cooperative Highway Research Program published a research roadmap for transportation and public health based on an extensive literature search and key

Introduction Older women have been widely found to be especially disadvantaged when it comes to mobility and this has been linked to negative effects on health and well-being. This study investigates and identifies factors linked to risk of mobility deficiency among older minority women in the U.S. Methods This study investigated older minority women age 65+ (N = 4,565) from the 2017 U.S. National

Purpose Findings are reported from the original study that supported the creation and validation of the current road network-based (“Street Smart”) version of Walk Score. It shows how Street Smart Walk Score improved upon the former “airline” (Euclidean, crow-fly or straight-line) distance method. It further compares the ability to predict objectively measured physical activity between the original

Introduction Few studies have clinically assessed road traffic injuries in individuals with insomnia. This study examined the epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries in individuals with insomnia and identified relevant factors. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we used administrative data (National Health Insurance Research Database) to identify a cohort from people admitted

Introduction Road safety is an important issue whose public health impact is further intensified by mediators of systemic racism, including biased policing. The historical precedents of Walter Scott and numerous other Black persons who have suffered violence at the hands of South Carolina (SC) police provide added impetus for explicit discussions of mechanisms to mitigate racially/ethnically biased

Context The prime cause of death among young adolescents - 12 to 15 years of age - are unintentional injuries, especially injuries in traffic crashes. In the Netherlands, they lose their lives as pedestrians, cyclists or as passengers of young drivers. The age-related rise in deliberate risk-taking is one of the contributing factors. To date, widely implemented strategies that solely target risky road

Introduction Subjective wellbeing is a topic that has attracted considerable attention in the transportation literature in recent years. As a result, there is a burgeoning literature that investigates the impacts of travel on subjective wellbeing, and how wellbeing, in turn, can influence behavior. An important aspect of subjective wellbeing are the affective reactions of people to their experiences

Context Road traffic accidents [RTA] are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] has been identified world over as one of the risk factors in vehicle collisions. The estimated death due to RTA attributable to OSA is largely unknown. Aim Aim of the study was to estimate the risk of OSA in commercial drivers and see the relationship with reaction times. Setting

Background Health-related lifestyle is widely believed to play an essential role in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. However, it is unclear how urbanization moderates the effect of health-related lifestyle on overweight and obesity. Methods Based on survey data of 8266 individuals across China, we applied several multilevel logit models to examine whether the effect of health-related lifestyle

Introduction Pedestrian injuries are important public health and traffic safety issues. In recent years, the problem is worsening and no single cause has been identified. To examine this tragic phenomenon, it is necessary to learn more about the behaviors people engage in while walking, where they walk, and how often they walk. Methods A naturalistic observational study was conducted using two data

Traffic collisions are considered a serious problem worldwide that cause severe losses. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries have high rates of collisions, which requires urgent proactive strategies and attention to solve such problem. This study aimed to enhance traffic safety conditions and reduce collisions' severity levels at several locations in Kuwait City, Kuwait. Consequently, the study

The year 2020 saw a rapid global spread of the highly contagious novel coronavirus COVID-19. To halt the spread of the disease, decision makers and governments across the world have been forced to limit mobility and human interaction, which led to a complete lockdown and the closure of nonessential businesses and public places in many cities and countries. Although effective in curbing the spread of

Introduction Studies in weather-affected traffic collisions have mainly focused on rain and snow, which can be referred to as highly variable and non-recurrent events. On the other hand, although solar light is among the natural phenomena that regularly and negatively influences the physical and mental health of drivers, research efforts to quantitatively examine the effect of solar glare on traffic

Introduction Stroke treatment must be given within the first few hours of symptom onset, so rapid Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response is essential for positive patient outcomes. Examining EMS response characteristics across temporal and geographical perspectives is critical for improving Alabama's stroke death rate from its current 49th place in the U.S. Methods We examined EMS delay characteristics

Introduction To integrate community liveability with public health concerns, urban design theories place increasingly put emphasis on promoting pedestrian friendly neighbourhoods with good walkability. A plethora of studies have investigated the association between walkability and mental wellbeing, but few attempts have been made to systematically synthesize the pathways of their mutual relationship

Objectives Due to the infectiousness of COVID-19, the mobility of individuals has sharply decreased, both in response to government policy and self-protection. This analysis seeks to understand how mobility reductions reduce the spread of the coronavirus (SAR-CoV-2), using readily available data sources. Methods Mobility data from Google is correlated with estimates of the effective reproduction rate

Introduction Driving is a primary means of mobility. Driving cessation is associated with poor mental health outcomes, including increased risk of depression. We investigated the relationship between driving status and depression symptoms in a large Canadian sample of mid-aged and older adults. We examined whether social support buffers the relationship between driving status and depression symptoms

Introduction The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic affects different domains of society, including the transport system. Due to the impacts of social distancing, research concerning electric bike (e-bike) applications and non(user) health and comfort concerns is needed. This research aims to understand the health and comfort concerns of e-bike (non)users in both pre (PR) and peri (PE) pandemic situations

Background Deaths from bicycle transport have increased by 30% in the past 10 years. This should be considered a problem from various aspects for this reason. Safe bicycle riding concerns not just wearing a helmet; it involves a wide range of matters that must be considered. Methods The universe of the study, which is of development and validation design, consisted of fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth

Introduction Weather conditions influence urban mobility and alter greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of carbon footprint derived from the use of private vehicles in Extremadura (Spain), focusing on weather-influenced transport to rural healthcare centres. This new understanding will help to improve predictions of the impact of anthropogenic emissions. Methods

One of the significant health concerns associated with bicycling is roadway crashes; the number of crashes involving bicyclists has been increasing in recent years. As a result of the increased movement of bicyclists and safety concerns, states and cities have been implementing countermeasures such as installing an increasing number of on-street bikeway facilities to accommodate the bicyclists. However

Background Busy and poor road infrastructure along routes to school poses high risk of traffic injury for children and adolescents. Ensuring every young person's safe journey to and from school is fundamental to achieving reductions in road injuries and Sustainable Development Goal 3.6. However, there is little evidence reporting adolescent's views about their school travel from low and middle income

Background Given the absence of binding standards for noise action planning according to the European Noise Directive, citizens' engagement in public information and consultation processes are crucial for procedural environmental justice. Drawing on a conceptual model on cognitive-motivational determinants, we examined (1) engagement-specific self-efficacy and communal mastery as conceptual links between