Introduction U.S. commercial drivers are entrenched in a stressogenic profession, and exposures to endemic chronic stressors shape drivers’ behavioral and psychosocial responses and induce profound health and safety disparities. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, research and

Introduction Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a key contributor for premature mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the well-documented health benefits of PA, few women achieve the recommended levels of PA. The global average of inactivity among women is higher at 31.7% compared to 23.4% for inactive men. The gender gap in PA participation is wider in India where estimates

Background The built environment has been shown to influence health in studies of disadvantaged populations using different measurement methods. This study determined whether environmental exposures derived from GigaPan® images could serve as valid predictors of body mass index (BMI), walking and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a longitudinal study of low-income adults living in two

Introduction Along with ageing populations, highly-motorised countries have increasing numbers of ageing older drivers. In many of these jurisdictions, health practitioners are responsible for undertaking the screening of older drivers, via medical assessment of fitness to drive (FtD), to ascertain suitability to continue to hold a driver's licence. In New Zealand, all older drivers are required to

Introduction Evidence shows there is a clear link between active travel to school and children's physical activity levels. Active school travel (AST) in New Zealand has declined while car travel to school has increased. The aim of this research is to understand the factors related to travel mode to school from the perspectives of children, their parents and school representatives, through the evaluation

Introduction Travel behavior research has only started to address how travel affects emotional wellbeing. The development of measurement methods is an important goal of this research. Methods A review and assessment of methods of measuring travel-related emotional wellbeing is presented guided by a conceptual framework specifying what is measured (cognitive evaluations, emotional responses, or moods)

Background Women in developing countries experience greater restrictions in mass urban mobility. UN's Sustainability Development Goals for 2030 recommend safe, affordable, accessible, and sustainable public transportation, particularly for the vulnerable groups. Pakistan experiences rapid urbanization trends and considerably low ranking worldwide for gender equality. In addition, socio-cultural norms

Introduction A key determinant of healthy aging is active participation in daily activities. This study proposes a model that explains participation of community-dwelling older adults. The model examines travel attitudes and mobility behaviors as mediating factors between personal characteristics and participation in out-of-home daily activities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among

Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be defined in two key traits (inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity), which can effect day-to-day capabilities such as driving performance. Methods In this exploratory study, a sample of 450 young drivers from the State of Qatar have been administered the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-V1.1) and the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire

Background Physical inactivity is one of the main risk factors for death worldwide. There is a paucity of studies about the association between transport and objective health measures using nationally representative samples worldwide, especially from Latin American countries. The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between active transportation and objective health measures in Chile

Introduction Age-related increases in reaction time (RT) are pervasive. Driver RT is a crucial component of roadway safety. Superior cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with faster RTs on a variety of behavioral tasks. Driver RT, as with any RT measure, is comprised of constituent components that contribute to a total response time (TT). Simple RT (sRT) is comprised of the requisite sensory

Introduction This study systematically reviewed the literature on key issues relating to the safety benefits of older drivers attending an in-person licence renewal. This included identifying: 1) screening tools that are suitable for inclusion in a populationbased in-person licence renewal process for drivers aged 75 years and older which: a) can be administered by non-health professionals (or via

Background Active travel such as walking or cycling has been associated with more favorable health outcomes. However, evidence on patterns of transportation in Latin America is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify and characterise socio-demographic patterns of public, private and active travel in Latin American countries. Methods Data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and

Introduction The Life in Traffic Program (LTP) was launched in Brazil in 2010, aiming to promote road safety interventions capable of reducing deaths and serious injuries resulting from traffic collisions. The LTP methodology was based on four steps: intersectoral articulation, data qualification and integration, integrated actions of road safety, and monitoring of actions. Objective To determine the

Introduction There is a general sense that violence and security perceptions influence the use of sustainable travel modes. In this context, this research characterizes violence and security perceptions around a Brazilian university campus. The primary objective of the research was to identify how violence-related aspects influenced travel mode choice on trips to the campus, especially the impact of

Background About 48% of the deaths due to motor vehicle crashes in Costa Rica occurred on the site of the accident, which could be attributed to an immediate death, or to a delayed response by the emergency systems. It is expected that improving the emergency response times would reduce crash deaths. The purpose of this work is to propose a framework for analyzing the risk of dying in a crash by considering

Introducción Los viajes urbanos pueden ser una actividad estresante con impacto la capacidad cognitiva, un componente central de la salud de las personas. El propósito de esta investigación es explorar si el desempeño cognitivo se ve afectado de forma diferencial por el estrés producido por el viaje en bicicleta o en transporte público, en adultos que viajan a estudiar. Métodos Para este estudio, se

Introduction A transition from car-dependence in cities, towards public and active transport has potential accessibility, health, and environmental benefits. However, it is critical that this transition does not exacerbate health inequities, but rather proactively plans to address them. A focus on youth who experience disadvantage and health disparities is important and must be explored from multiple

Introduction Bicycling reduces the risk of various health problems associated with sedentary lifestyles. Hence, it is important to encourage bicycle commuting by enhancing the bikeability of transportation facilities. To support this process, this article proposes efficient bicycle level of service (BLOS) models for the assessment of signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions.

Introduction Previous studies have shown that people's satisfaction with their commute can have an impact on their subjective well-being and general quality of life. Public transport users tend to be less happy with their commute than pedestrians, cyclists and car users. A relevant question then is what explains the low satisfaction among public transport users, and what can be done to make public

Introduction Active travel (walking and cycling) is increasingly being recognised as a potentially effective means of increasing physical activity levels and thereby contribute to physical and mental health. To date, however, much of the empirical evidence related to the health benefits of active travel is based on cross-sectional data. As such, the direction of causation remains uncertain, i.e. does

Introduction Distraction is an emerging risk factor for cycling safety. Research from Europe, the United States and Japan indicate that the use of electronic devices is prevalent among cyclists in these countries. However, there is little known about the prevalence of Australian cyclists’ engagement in potentially distracting tasks and in non-technology based tasks in particular. This study examined

Introduction New York City's bike share system (Citi Bike) is the largest of its kind in the U.S. and has the potential to provide population-level health benefits. Bike share members who were not regular cyclists before membership may experience health benefits given an opportunity for physical activity that had not previously been available. Little is known about the characteristics of those who

Introduction Promoting walking has become a policy concern in the public health and transport fields. Street improvement interventions aimed at increasing walking require an assessment of their effectiveness in influencing walking behaviour. There is a current gap in understanding how the magnitude of a change in walkability relates to a change in pedestrian volumes and walking experience. Methods

Introduction This study identifies the factors influencing seafarers’ safety behaviour and examines their interrelationships by synthesising theoretical insights from the health belief model and emotional appeal theory. Emotional appeals are positive or negative persuasive messages that are used to create an emotional response by emphasising the benefits or consequences of exhibiting or not exhibiting

Introduction Active transportation modes such as bicycling are key elements of sustainable transportation. In order to promote bicycling as an alternative form of transportation, a holistic approach to improving the quality of the biking experience is needed. The planning of bicycle routes typically takes into consideration available right-of-way, existing roadway infrastructure, and safety concerns

Introduction Infrastructure adjusted to cyclists can be used as a tool to reduce cycling crashes and injuries. To increase cycling frequency and safety, a population's cycling exposure to different infrastructure needs to be known. Since cycling behavior of adolescents cannot be compared to adults, the objective of this study is to describe the cycling exposure and the characteristics of routes used

Introduction Research shows that walking and cycling are sustainable means of travel that contribute to improved physical, mental, and social health. Those documented benefits justify the increased investment by federal, state, and local governments in walking and cycling infrastructure and programs in the United States, especially since 2000. This study examines to what extent daily walking and cycling

Background Cycling has the potential to encourage physical activity as well as advancing societal goals such as reducing carbon emissions; encouraging cycling is therefore a policy goal in many contexts. We analysed individual level data from the whole of England on factors associated with cycling among adolescents, including cycle training delivered by the age of 11 years in primary schools. Methods

Introduction People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often face serious transportation challenges that impede healthcare access, community participation, and employment opportunities. Travel training, which makes use of one-on-one instruction, may help people with IDD overcome transportation barriers. The purpose of this study was to examine

Backgrouand Active commuting to school can be a substantial opportunity to provide the necessary daily physical activity for children and to counteract childhood obesity. This paper examines the associations of urban form, in general, and street network design, in particular, with body mass index (BMI) in children aged between 12 and 16, controlling for socio-economic features (gender, educational

Introduction In developing countries, traditional motorcycle taxis are operated as a type of public transport mode. Recently, the development of mobile technology has enabled this transport mode to become an app-based motorcycle taxi service, leading to a rapid increase in travel demand. However, the emergence of app-based motorcycle taxi riders is considered to contribute directly and indirectly to

Background Cycling is a source of physical activity that is feasible and beneficial to health, yet is underutilized by youth in many countries. Bike gifting and education programs are sometimes delivered to youth to support cycling. This study aimed to assess impacts of a bike education program that involved earning a bike (called Earn-a-Bike) on children's time spent cycling and attitudes and perceptions

Introduction Autonomy, competence, and relatedness need satisfaction has been associated with several health-related outcomes in multiple life domains. However, no studies have analysed the role of these needs in an active commuting to and from school context. Grounded in self-determination theory, this research aimed to adapt the Spanish physical education version (Moreno-Murcia et al., 2008) of the

Introduction Motorcycle is one of the major modes of personnel transport in developing countries. The motorcycle are often used in commuting, dense traffic, poor conditioned roads and thus the repetitive loading on the musculoskeletal system of the rider leads to risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Objective The effective posture is an important factor to overcome the musculoskeletal

Introduction Pedestrian crashes are not equitably distributed; people of color and males are overburdened. The aim of this study was to examine if driver yielding behavior differed based on gender and skin color of the pedestrian, and the estimated car cost at two midblock crosswalks in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Methods One white and one black female and one white and one black male crossed

Introduction Previous literature supports the fact that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, as well as fear and avoidance of driving are possible consequences of road traffic crashes (RTC). The aim of the present study is to assess the relations between PTSD symptoms, fear and avoidance of driving, and aberrant driving behaviors, in a sample of Romanian drivers that were involved in

Introduction This paper investigates relationships between travel time satisfaction and both ideal commute time (ICT) and reported actual commute time (ACT). Methods Based on an online questionnaire survey of 628 commuters in Portland, Oregon, this study uses path analysis models to explore factors associated with travel time satisfaction, ICT and ACT, and commute time dissonance (ACT − ICT). Results

Introduction Sustainable and eco-friendly mobility is of great significance to alleviate urbanisation pressure and to improve urban quality of life. Providing good non-motorised transport (NMT) facilities for active mobility (covering principally walking and cycling) is an effective way to promote bicycle use which in turn improves one's physical health. Singapore, with a tight space constraint, has

Introduction An increasing number of studies in transportation research have recently focused on well-being and travel satisfaction. These studies argue that satisfaction with travel is an indicator of the trip's contribution to subjective wellbeing of the traveler. Although the attention on satisfaction with travel is increasing, relatively few studies have considered satisfaction with travel of children

Introduction Promoting walking and bicycling has been a major focus in the US in recent years. Bicyclist and pedestrian manual counting programs are used to measure how many people are walking and bicycling in specific locations and their characteristics. The purpose of this study was to understand how communities use this data and assess the potential to use manual count data for assessment and evaluation

Introduction Recent disruptions in the transportation sector, such as the growing popularity of ridesourcing services, have substantially impacted traditional transportation services (such as taxis). However, the factors that determine usage rates of ridesourcing options are still not fully understood. The intent of the current paper is to develop a statistical model of individuals’ usage rates of

Introduction An understanding of outdoor activity patterns of older adults may help in the development of more tailored physical activity programs for enhancing higher physical activity levels and more effective environmental interventions. This study aimed to identify patterns of outdoor activity of older adults, and to examine their relationships with physical activity levels and correlates of these

Introduction Launched in 2015, Philadelphia's (Pennsylvania, USA) bikeshare program was the first to specifically target lower-income and minority residents. Objective We describe the design, measures and baseline characteristics of a bikeshare evaluation designed to assess within-person changes in physical activity levels (PA) and focused particularly on persons with lower socio-economic status. Methods

Introduction In recent years, there has been growing interest in studies integrating social cognitive and environmental variables as predictors of active transport to school (ATS). However, a theoretical model of associations between children's ATS and these variables has not been well established. The aims of this study were (1) to develop and test a model which conceptualized relationships between

Background Reducing child injury mortality is an important factor in directing national and international policy-makers to program appropriate cause-specific interventions. The systematic review and meta-analysis study was performed to provide a clear view of child injury mortality in Iran. Methods A systematic electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, and Elmnet was performed to identify

Introduction Reducing motorised transport is crucial for achieving public health goals, but cars will continue to be essential for many in the medium term. The role of emerging technologies in mitigating the public health disadvantages of this private car use has been under-examined to date. Telematics are increasingly used by novice drivers in the UK to reduce insurance premiums. An exploratory study

Introduction Bicycling is a type of physical activity associated with positive health outcomes, but many barriers exist to regular bicycling for recreation and transportation. The objective of this study was to describe self-reported barriers to bicycling overall, and by bicycling domain, among a national sample of persons aged 16 and above that reported bicycling outside in the past week. Methods

This paper examines changes to the walkability of the built environment and associated changes in walking behaviour following area regeneration or relocation in Glasgow, UK. The aim is to contribute to longitudinal evidence of links between the built environment and walking behaviour. Most studies to date have been cross-sectional and the evidence they provide that changing the built environment will

Understanding where people walk and how the built environment influences walking is a priority in active living research. Most previous studies were limited by self-reported data on walking. In the present study, walking bouts were determined by integrating one week of accelerometry, GPS, and a travel log data among 675 adult participants in the baseline sample of the Travel Assessment and Community

Purpose To investigate whether adolescents cluster into profiles based on where they accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), if overall MVPA differs across profiles, and if walking to school and participant and neighborhood characteristics explain profile membership. Methods Adolescents (N=528; mean age=14.12±1.44; 50% girls) wore accelerometers and Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

Adolescent active travel (AT) can contribute to health-enhancing physical activity, sense of community, social interactions, spatial and navigational skills and is a sustainable form of transport. Data analysed were from surveys with validated scales, translated and adapted for Chinese speaking Hong Kong adolescents and their parents, and administered to 1,299 adolescent/parent dyads. Using hierarchical

Introduction Encouraging walking during the daily commute is a potential strategy for increasing physical activity levels. This study aimed: (i) to examine, and compare by travel mode, the objectively measured physical activity of a working adult population, and, (ii) to identify associations between mode of travel to work and a range of individual, interpersonal, organisational and environmental characteristics

Background Over 60% of Latinas report not meeting moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines of 150 minutes/week. Ecological models of health posit that intrapersonal and environmental factors interact with one another to influence physical activity. Understanding their interactions in relation to transportation behaviors may inform interventions to increase Latinas' physical activity

Background Child pedestrian injury is a significant global public health challenge, and prevention programming requires an understanding of the context children face when crossing the street. Methods to understand children's behavior in real-world pedestrian settings are sparse in low- and middle-income countries. Methods Children in grades 1-6 were videotaped crossing a three-lane street outside their

Cognitive dysfunction is a predictor of driving cessation in older adults and a common sequela of heart failure (HF). Although HF has been associated with an increased risk of driving cessation, the independent relationship between HF and driving cessation after cognitive function is considered remains to be established. The objective of these analyses is to examine HF as an independent predictor of