This paper describes model-based separated fault detection and fault tolerant control of longitudinal autonomous driving using dual-sliding mode observer for functional safety. Internal and environment sensors such as camera or radar are required to measure the acceleration information of the subject vehicle and the relative distance and velocity information between the preceding and subject vehicles

Twist beam rear suspension systems are frequently used in front wheel drive cars owing to their compactness, lightweight and cost-efficiency. Since the kinematic behavior of twist beam rear suspension systems are determined by the elastic properties of the twist beam, the twist beam is the most critical component of this suspension system. In the study, a simplified optimization model is presented

This study investigates the cyclic dynamics of cumulative heat release data past the edge of stability in a dilute spark-ignition engine. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the cyclic dynamics near the dilute limit where partial burns and misfires are frequent. These events are often followed by a higher-energy cycle due to the feed-forward mechanism present in the residual gases. These patterns are deterministic

Novel manufacturing techniques and application of new hybrid materials in the automotive industry increase the challenges in adhesive bonding. One of these is the bonding of coated materials such as high-strength steel with an aluminum-silicon (AlSi) coating, which is mostly used in safety-relevant components such as the front or side bumpers. To further improve the mechanical properties, these steel

This paper evaluates the crashworthiness performance of concentric structures with different numbers of tubes (i.e. one to five) and cross-sectional shapes (i.e. hexagon, octagon, decagon and circle) under the multiple loadings of θ = 0, 10, 20 and 30°. An experimentally validated finite element model generated in LS-DYNA is employed to calculate the crashworthiness parameters including the specific

The relevance of sustainable structural materials is increasing in automotive components for sustainable construction. The sustainable material wood in particular can be used due to the very good specific mechanical material properties and has a high potential to be used as a structural material in hybrid constructions for the automotive components as an veneer laminate with modified epoxy adhesives

Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are becoming a standard technology in gasoline engines because of the need for compliance with particulate matter (PM) emissions requirement. Generally, GPFs can be placed after a three-way catalysts (TWC) in the same can, or in a separate can downstream. As typical wall-flow filters, particulate matter is removed from the exhaust by physical filtration using a honeycomb

In the current research, a series of different combinations of plasma SDBD actuators mounted on a simplified road vehicle have been experimentally studied to find the optimum position of the actuators for controlling the flow separation and reducing the vehicle form drag. Separation point of the flow over the rear ramp, large trailing vortices of the standard model, and laminar separation bubble (LSB)

This study aims to minimize the noise generated by automobile cooling fans. Fan blade structures with ridged surfaces based on bio-inspired principles are 3D printed and used to replace the conventional fan blades. The effect of the bio-inspired ridge structures on the noise reduction of the cooling fan is demonstrated by orthogonal experiments in a semi-anechoic chamber. Experimental results show

There are two shortcomings in the application of traditional A* algorithm in the path planning of autonomous driving. One is that the vehicle environment description method suitable for the A* algorithm is not given; the other is that the vehicle contours and kinematic constraints are not considered. Therefore, according to the characteristics of unstructured environment, this paper presents an environment

The influence of braking on dynamic stability of a car-trailer combination (CTC) is studied in this paper. The braking is simply modeled and integrated into a single-track model (STM) with a single-axle trailer. On this basis, some fundamentals and analysis results related to system dynamic stability are given through simulation. Furthermore, it is found that the axle load transfer and braking force

The engine development process faces big challenges from new strict emission regulations in addition to the need for fuel efficiency improvements. The Software-in-the-Loop (SiL) and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) environments decreases the required time during engine development, calibration, verification, and validation of the product. An accurate and easy to build dyno-engine model with real-time operational

With the acceleration of urbanization process, the country’s strong support for the healthy development of the logistics industry has made urban logistics become a hot topic in recent years. With the increase in the number of logistics vehicles, traffic accidents have become more frequent. Intelligent vehicle collision avoidance system is an important part of advanced safety technology. To increase

Due to the absence of vacuum sources for electric vehicle, the vacuum booster is replaced by electronic brake boosting (EBB) system. In order to improve the driver’s brake feeling based on EBB, this work fully exploits the flexible and variable power-assisted characteristics, and designs different transmission ratios according to the driver’s target braking strength. To identify the driver’s braking

The failure of vehicle’s suspension components has contributed to road crashes, while their defective operation can deteriorate the fuel efficiency of the vehicles. In this context, and when compared with solid cargo transporters, the road tankers would tend to produce larger roll forces during turning, as the curved shape of the liquid cargo container, shifts upwards the centre of gravity of the cargo

Braking performance is a key requirement for tires, significantly affecting the braking distance of vehicles. Considering longitudinal tire dynamics, tire characteristics and parameters, as well as influences from vehicle and ambient conditions have to be identified for an integrated evaluation of tire performance. Various testing methods for identification of tire characteristics are available, yet

In this paper, the importance of turbulence effects on the procedure of droplet’s secondary breakup is studied. In the process of modeling the secondary breakup of a droplet, it is a common practice to presume that the droplet is moving in a laminar flow. However, it is evident that the critical Weber number is profoundly affected by the intensity of turbulence presented in the flow. As a result, the

Viscoelastic material is widely used in automotive structures due to its outstanding vibration-damping characteristics with appropriate stiffness. Viscoelastic material, which has viscosity and elasticity, shows energy absorption and dissipation. The material properties of viscoelastic material are dependent upon time, temperature, and loading path. Hence, these characteristics have to be considered

In view of the relatively serious situation of chest injuries in current vehicle accidents, this study aims to determine the chest injuries characteristics in frontal vehicle collisions under different overlaps. The frontal impact simulation was first established and conducted based on the latest THOR dummy model with different overlaps. By comparing chest dynamic output indicators under three different

The tie rod is one of the key components affecting the steering stability and reliability in the steering system of heavy vehicles. In order to meet the heavy load steering requirements of heavy vehicles, the steering system is universally the electro-hydraulic power steering system (EHPSS). The hydraulic actuators used in the EHPSS are double hydraulic cylinders, which are connected in series and

Due to the influence of weather, light, season and angle changes, the appearance of objects changes visually, which makes it difficult for unmanned vehicles that rely on visual positioning to complete their positioning work. This paper proposes a coordinated positioning method that is composed of semantic information and geometric relationships distribution (GRD), which improves the robustness of unmanned

At present, the lane changing technology for a single driving environment has been relatively mature, but the actual situations are much more complicated, such as the changing curvature and the changes in road conditions. In this paper, a new lane changing obstacle avoidance control strategy for the variable curvature road was proposed. It has two stages including path planning for variable curvature

The automotive troubleshooting unfolds from the system phase to the multiple-domain phase. It is necessary that different field members, for example, system and domain engineers, cooperate tightly toward an integrated product service process. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to generate a knowledge management platform for the overall automotive troubleshooting service. Besides, general ontologies

The use of adhesive joints in the automotive industry has increased significantly as it enables the design of multi-material structures with a high strength-to-weight ratio. Considering the high safety standards held by the automotive industry, especially regarding collisions, there is a need to fully understand the behaviour of adhesives when subjected to dynamic loads if bonded connections are to

Path tracking is an essential task for autonomous vehicles (AV), for which controllers are designed to issue commands so that the AV will follow the planned path properly to ensure operational safety, comfort, and efficiency. While solving the time-varying nonlinear vehicle dynamic problem is still challenging today, deep neural network (NN) methods, with their capability to deal with nonlinear systems

The calibration process of the internal combustion engine becomes more costly and time-consuming than ever due to complexity of the engines and stringent emission regulations. The accurate and fast calibration of the engine requires a lot of performance tests which demands time, cost, and expert manpower as well as test facilities that must be taken into considerations. This process needs a large number

This article is aimed to investigate the stick–slip oscillations of an engine front-end accessory drive system with a mechanical tensioner. Based on several assumptions, a generic dynamic model of rotational vibrations of an engine front-end accessory drive system with arbitrary number of accessory pulleys and one mechanical tensioner is established. In this model, the tensioner dry-friction torque

The differential steering vehicle uses the in-wheel motors to drive the wheels directly and individually. However, in order to deliver the required structural robustness, the differential steering vehicle discarded the mechanical steering system and achieved vehicle steering by applying differential speed between the left and right wheels. This paper presents a novel speed-adaptive motion control algorithm

Contact forces and transmission efficiency of an automotive ball joint constitute important design goals of an automotive drive shaft system, which affect transmission performances of the ball joint and the drive shaft system. In order to analyze contact forces and transmission efficiency more comprehensively, a multi-body dynamic model for calculating contact forces and transmission efficiency of

Localization is a fundamental requirement for intelligent vehicles. Conventional localization methods usually suffer from various limitations, such as low accuracy and blocked areas for Global Positioning System, high cost for inertial navigation system or light detection and ranging, and low robustness for visual simultaneous localization and mapping or visual odometry. To overcome these problems

Given the transmission efficiency fluctuation and response lag problem of hydromechanical continuous variable transmission combined with the complex and variable working environment of a tractor, an integrated control strategy of engine throttle compensation–hydromechanical continuous variable transmission speed regulation is adopted for dual-flow transmission control. On the basis of the estimation

The smoothing function is used to solve the problem of low simulation efficiency of multi-stage stiffness Dual Mass Flywheel (DMF) model, and the influence of different smoothing functions and fitting factor β on the fitting effect is studied. Firstly, based on the analysis of the working principle of multi-stage stiffness DMF, a mathematical model of DMF considering multi-stage stiffness and damping

In this paper, a mechanism-oriented control strategy is proposed to cut off the introduction process of negative damping caused by the Stribeck effect for suppressing the vehicle start-up judder. From the experimental analysis, the characteristic frequency of start-up judder is mainly concentrated at about 8.25 Hz, coinciding with the first-order natural frequency of the driveline system. A 13-degree-of-freedom

Wheel lock in a vehicle during braking is detrimental to its safety, in addition to causing poor braking performance. Wheel slip regulation algorithms could potentially prevent wheel lock and are hence required to be tested and tuned thoroughly prior to in-vehicle deployment. Generally, software-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop tests are explored before on-road vehicle testing. A brake dynamometer

Active vibration control of automotive drivetrains must be developed to compensate for the backlash of gears because it causes undesired responses. In addition, an engine used as an actuator has a constraint which makes the control periods longer and time-varying, resulting in deterioration of the control performance. The contribution of this study is to cope with all the issues described above, backlash

In order to solve the problems of large peak torque and short battery life when the city battery bus starts or accelerates, a new electro-hydrostatic hydraulic hybrid powertrain is designed in this paper that can operate efficiently in all speed conditions with a certain type of electric bus running in Chengdu. The improvement of comprehensive energy efficiency of power system by switching between

This article proposes a method based on the Kalman filter to improve the accuracy of the CO2 measurement in driving cycles such as worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycles or real driving cycles which are inherently subject to a loss in accuracy due to the dynamic limitations of the CO2 analysers. The information from the analyser is combined with the electronic control unit estimation of the

In order to reduce steering energy consumption and improve steering feeling of heavy commercial vehicle, a novel electro-hydraulic compound steering system is proposed, which combines the function of electro-hydraulic power steering and electric power steering. The electro-hydraulic compound steering system dynamic model is established and the coordinated control strategy of dual actuators is proposed

Platoon services are being driven by the development of Internet of things, prompting changes in existing businesses and the generation of new businesses. In this paper, a business model and business model canvas related to platoon services are proposed, and the cost analysis of heavy freight transport platoon services from the perspective of platoon leaders and followers is conducted. In addition

The current traffic sign detection technology is disturbed by factors such as illumination changes, weather, and camera angle, which makes it unsatisfactory for traffic sign detection. The traffic sign data set usually contains a large number of small objects, and the scale variance of the object is a huge challenge for traffic indication detection. In response to the above problems, a multi-scale

In recent years, car to bicycle collisions take place more and more frequently, which have attracted the attention of some organizations and engineers. They are trying to make some rules for cars to realize better bicyclist protection, including defining new head impact location area and head impact velocity in pedestrian protection tests. However, car to E-bicycle collisions occur more than car to

A prescribed performance output-feedback formation control of electrically driven Ackermann steering robotic vehicles is addressed in this paper. Some constraints are imposed to relative distance and angle errors between the cars and a leader. Then, constrained errors are transformed into a new second-order Euler–Lagrange formulation of unconstrained errors via the prescribed performance function technique

In an era of automated driving, steer-by-wire system seems to be an indispensable component for an autonomous vehicle. Among the many problems concerned, steering control of the system may be arguably the most indispensable part that lay the foundation for the system and is essentially a position servo control problem. Traditionally, the most commonly used control loop structures of the position servo

This paper presents a search-based global motion planning method, called the two-phase A*, with an adaptive heuristic weight. This method is suitable for planning a global path in real time for a car-like vehicle in both indoor and outdoor environments. In each planning cycle, the method first estimates a proper heuristic weight based on the hardness of the planning query. Then, it finds a nearly optimal

The most hazardous kind of vehicle crash among all road accidents is vehicle rollover. Present-day rollover prevention systems in commercial vehicles mitigate rollover by preventing any wheel lift-off from the ground. These systems make use of actuators such as differential brakes and demand all the wheels on the ground for satisfactory operation. Such systems are not effective in recovering a vehicle

Trade of pre-owned context-dependent-pricey mechanical equipment involves lots of uncertainty, due to the complexity of the condition checking procedure of this category of equipment. We put forward the idea of continuous operation monitoring and simple reporting to make this trade experience as efficient and peaceful as possible. To validate the practicality of the idea, we choose pre-owned passenger

This paper addresses the problem of control of a vehicular platoon system with limited on-board resources in the presence of time-varying delay and sensor faults. A platoon system with predecessor-leader following topology in which each vehicle suffers from probabilistic sensor faults and time-varying delay is considered. To reduce the utilization of communication and energy resources in the system

Active collision avoidance system has received more and more attraction, which has the capability to avoid potential accidents and reduce driver burden. This paper proposes an active collision avoidance system which consists of a path planner and a coordinated lateral controller. In the path planner, cubic B-spline is developed to obtain collision-free trajectories to bypass the obstacle by steering

The expectation from automated vehicles has been increasing in recent years. Potential advantages for automated vehicles include driving safety, traffic efficiency, and positive environmental outcomes. To evaluate the extent to which automated vehicles are advantageous against conventional vehicles, this paper presents a simple car-following model, named the linked vehicle model, which reflects the

Aiming to the torsional vibration destabilization phenomenon of the wheel-side transmission system direct-driven by the high-power motor, the system torsional vibration bifurcation characteristics and control strategy are analyzed. Through defining the system electromechanical coupling relationship between the electrical link and the mechanical link, the dynamic model of the wheel-side direct-driven

In this paper, a synthesized novel strategy of varying predictive horizon-based model predictive control is proposed for the overtaking control of unmanned ground vehicle. The whole control strategy includes path planning and path tracking. First, the preferred path in presence of diverse constraints of states, inputs, and collision avoidance can be calculated using Gauss pseudospectral method where

Radial turbines used in turbochargers and micro-turbines are subjected to high inlet temperature. This creates high thermal stress in the turbines, and possible creep of turbine inducer blades, and can reduce turbines’ reliability. With the ever-stringent engine emission regulations and the continuous drive for engine power density, turbine inlet temperature is significantly increased recently and

This article describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of an active lane change control algorithm for autonomous vehicles with human factor considerations. Lane changes need to be performed considering both driver acceptance and safety with surrounding vehicles. Therefore, autonomous driving systems need to be designed based on an analysis of human driving behavior. In this article, manual

How to enhance and ensure the vehicle yaw/lateral stability and safety performance is a crucial and worthy research problem for the autonomous four in-wheel-motor independent-drive vehicle. In this paper, a hierarchical path tracking control strategy coordinated with the direct yaw moment control for autonomous four in-wheel-motor independent-drive vehicle is proposed with consideration of the lateral

Ceramic insulators for spark plugs are important components responsible for the dielectric barrier to generate high-voltage pulses required to ignite the air–fuel mixture and for providing mechanical support to the center electrode. To ensure a high degree of reliability, many manufacturers apply corrugation patterns to the glazed upper part of an insulator to prevent flashover and parasitic discharges

Turbochargers are inherently dynamic devices, comprising internal flow volumes, mechanical inertias and thermal masses. When operating under transient conditions within an engine system, these dynamics need to be better understood. In this paper, a new non-dimensional modelling approach to characterise the turbocharger is proposed. Two new dimensionless quantities are defined with respect to mechanical

Based on active disturbance rejection control technique and characteristics of electric power steering, a steering angle tracking controller is designed, which consists of an aligning moment estimator to deal with modeling error and nonlinearity of electric power steering. The aligning moment estimator is based on an extended state observer and takes steering system friction and differential drive

Automatic transmission has been widely used in the automotive industry, and novel automatic transmissions with simple structure and reliable operation are a research hotspot. This paper proposes an automatic transmission with multi-stage gears to simplify its working process. The automatic transmission comprises a case and a driving transmission shaft and driven shaft which are mounted on the case

Handle driving forces are the input of the automotive sliding door dynamic system and play an important role for ensuring a smooth closing process during manual sliding door mechanism design. It is important to provide a reliable and accurate input for the manual sliding door mechanism during the design and analysis stage. This paper aims to present an improved K-medoids clustering algorithm to investigate

Roll and lateral dynamics of a vehicle are heavily coupled together, the increase of roll stability does not necessarily result in the improvement of stability in the lateral plane, but the decrease in lateral stability possibly contributes to instability in the roll plane. To address this challenge, a comprehensive tune of coupled roll and lateral dynamics for a vehicle fitted with hydraulically interconnected