Tractor semi-trailers are increasingly playing an important role in freight transportation worldwide. Although most tractor semi-trailers are equipped with a passive anti-roll bar system, however accidents involving this type of vehicle are still frequent and have serious consequences. This paper presents an H∞ controller design for an active anti-roll bar system in order to enhance the roll stability

The wet grip performance of tire is one of the important performances affecting vehicle safety. The steering, acceleration, and braking of the vehicle are directly affected by the grounding characteristics between the radial tire and the ground. In order to study the influence of grounding characteristics of the tire on wet grip performance, ten 205/55R16 tires produced by different manufacturers were

The objective of this study is to investigate the hysteresis loss of ultra-large off-the-road (OTR) tire rubber compounds based on typical operating conditions at mine sites. Cyclic tensile tests were conducted on tread and sidewall compounds at six strain levels ranging from 10% to 100%, eight strain rates from 10% to 500% s−1 and 14 rubber temperatures from −30°C to 100°C. The test results showed

In recent years, there has been a keen interest in the design improvisation of motorcycles. However, the theoretical model of association between motorcycle design attributes (like frame size/riding position) and rider’s physical attributes (like anthropometry, range of motion (ROM), and comfort joint angles) are not well established. This study aims to estimate the relationship between rider’s physical

In this paper, an adaptive cruise control system with a hierarchical control structure is designed. The upper-level controller is a model predictive controller (MPC) that by minimizing an objective function in the presence of the constraints, calculates the desired acceleration as control input and sends it to the lower-level controller. So the lower-level controller, which is a fuzzy controller, determines

This paper deals with a new state-constrained control (SCC) system of vehicle, which includes a multi-layer controller, in order to ensure the vehicle’s lateral stability and steering performance under complex environment. In this system, a new constraint control strategy with input and state constraints is applied to calculate the steady-state yaw moment. It ensures the vehicle lateral stability by

In reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines, the ignition and combustion of premixed low reactive fuel (LRF) such as natural gas (NG) is controlled by the injection of high reactive fuel (HRF) such as diesel fuel during the compression stroke. In this study, the effects of six different input parameters on the performance and emissions of the natural gas/diesel fueled RCCI engine are

Stringent emission legislations and growing health concerns have contributed to the evolution of soot modeling in diesel engines from simple empirical relations to methods involving detailed kinetics and complex aerosol dynamics. In this paper, four different soot models have been evaluated for the high temperature, high pressure combusting dodecane spray cases of engine combustion network (ECN) spray

Non-pneumatic tyres (NPT) provide a greater advantage over the pneumatic type owing to their construct which increases the reliability of the tyre operation and effectively reduces maintenance involved. Analysing the aerodynamic forces acting on a NPT becomes a crucial factor in understanding it’s suitability for practical implementation. In the present work, the aerodynamic performance of a NPT using

Cavitation is common in traditional torque converters whose blades are designed by beam theory; the blade curvature is discontinuous and cannot be analysed by functions. In this paper, the YJH265 torque converter is used as the prototype to reconstruct the stator blades with Joukowsky airfoil transformation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used analyse the flow field in the torque converter with

The paper investigates the effect of tire inflation pressure on the lateral dynamics of a passenger car, and presents a possible control-oriented methodology aimed at adapting tire pressure to the current vehicle loading condition targeting a reference characteristic. Starting from the tire characteristics at several inflation pressure levels, the paper investigates the effect of changing selectively

Dynamic stability is critical to achieve the safety of the cars, particularly during emergency maneuvers. Coordinated control algorithms are suggestive of the enhanced safety and stability of a vehicle. Hence, a novel adaptive robust multi-input control framework is developed using the combination of direct yaw moment (DYC) and active front steering (AFS). The dynamics of the steering system mechanism

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown potential in intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. However, traditional DNNs such as the back-propagation neural network are highly sensitive to the initial weights and easily fall into the local optimum, which restricts the feature learning capability and diagnostic performance. To overcome the above problems, a deep sparse filtering network (DSFN)

Both emergency braking and active steering are possible choices for collision avoidance manoeuvres, and any obstacle avoidance strategy aims to design a control algorithm preventing accidents. However, the real-time path needs to consider the motion state of surrounding participants on the road. This work presents a collision avoidance algorithm containing the path-planning and the tracking controller

The effects of the split ratio on the mixture formation and combustion process of a diesel spray in a constant-volume chamber were experimentally investigated. A commercial seven-hole injector was used in this experiment. The effects of the mass-dependent split ratio and dwell time were observed when the total fuel injection was 5.0 mg/hole. Three split ratios were considered: 3:7, 5:5 and 7:3, while

Accurately predicting maneuvers and trajectory of vehicles are essential prerequisites for intelligent systems such as autonomous vehicles to achieve safe and high-quality decision making and motion planning. Motions of each vehicle in a scene is governed by the traffic context, that is, the motion and relative spatial positions of neighboring vehicles, and is also affected by its motion inertia, that

Detection of parking slots occupation is a crucial task for parking assistance, automatic parking, and autonomous driving systems. This paper proposed a novel method, called Temporal Difference of Inverse Perspective Mapping Difference (TD-IPM), without explicit 3D reconstruction or objection detection. In this method, temporal images from monocular camera are first inverse perspective mapped (IPM)

To improve the accuracy of Operational Path Analysis with Exogeneous Inputs (OPAX) model by excluding the noise interference sufficiently in the vehicle operating condition data (time-domain vibration signal), the combined noise reduction method of Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and wavelet threshold was used. Since the noise content of each noisy intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) decomposed

Fluctuations in operation resistance during the operating process lead to reduced efficiency in tractor production. To address this problem, the project team independently developed and designed a new type of hydraulic mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT). Based on introducing the mechanical structure and transmission principle of the HMCVT system, the priority of slip rate control

Nowadays, with more and more attention being paid to the characteristics and experience of drivers, a large number of driver classification algorithms have emerged. However, these methods basically cannot be adjusted independently to each driver. Therefore, this paper proposes a self-learning lane change motion planning system considering the driver’s personality. Firstly, the method of driver data

For at least 50 years, the interest in understanding and reducing the rolling resistance of pneumatic tyres has been growing. This interest is driven by the need to reduce vehicle fuel consumption and CO2-emissions, for environmental and economic reasons. The amount of rolling resistance generated depends on the vehicle type, tyre properties and operating conditions. The main objective of this literature

There is little research on the degrees of drivers’ short-term behaviours regarding driving safety. To solve this problem, this paper investigated the concept of driving proneness and evaluated the propensities of different drivers to engage in different operations for the following scenarios of urban traffic. From the real driving data of sixteen drivers on a city road, car-following data fragments

A comprehensive analysis of the intake valve opening duration (IVOD) effects on the performance of an Atkinson cycle engine is conducted in this work using numerical simulation and experimental validation. Through one-dimensional simulation, the relationship between the range of IVOD and the compression ratios is firstly investigated under the constraint of compression pressure. Two representative

As exhaust emission standards become increasingly stringent, the requirements for diesel exhaust post-treatment systems become increasingly demanding. This research focuses on the optimisation of a new hybrid structure to improve the performance of exhaust post-treatment systems. First, a short pitch spiral mixing chamber with sufficient mixing space and low temperature loss was designed to improve

Traffic congestion has been the most tiresome encounter since the initiation of vehicle advancement. Many braking systems have been designed by researchers in previous studies, but this study is primarily focused on a braking system that is affordable to all because it is based on a simple Arduino-controlled system. Moreover, it is assistive on everyday traffic commutes rather than highway driving

A human-like trajectory could give a safe and comfortable feeling for the occupants in an autonomous vehicle especially in corners. The research of this paper focuses on planning a human-like trajectory along a section road on a test track using optimal control method that could reflect natural driving behaviour considering the sense of natural and comfortable for the passengers, which could improve

In view of the development status of high-reliability and low-cost cooling technology for radial turbine of micro-gas turbine or vehicle turbocharger, the impingement cooling technology of the radial turbine back disc was proposed, and the improvement of the cooling efficiency and thermal stress of the turbine back disc was numerically simulated. The results show that the impingement cooling technology

Autonomous vehicles hold promise for increased vehicle and traffic safety, and there are several developments in the field where one example is an avoidance maneuver. There it is dangerous for the vehicle to be in the opposing lane, but it is safe to drive in the original lane again after the obstacle. To capture this basic observation, a lane-deviation penalty (LDP) objective function is devised.

Numerical simulation of automotive tires is still a challenging problem due to their complex geometry and structures, as well as the non-uniform loading and operating conditions. Hysteretic loss and rolling resistance are the most crucial features of tire design for engineers. A decoupled numerical model was proposed to predict hysteretic loss and temperature distribution in a tire, however temperature

An open-end winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OW-PMSM) fed by dual inverter is a competitive option for the drive system of dual power electric vehicles. It allows manageable power flow between two isolated power sources through the motor without requiring a DC/DC converter. Based on the mathematical model of the OW-PMSM and the principles of power sharing, this paper first compares the power

In order to improve the ride comfort of the driver, a higher-order Sliding Mode Controller was proposed in this study for a semiactive magnetorheological (MR) suspension system. The work is mainly focused on improving the ride comfort of the driver with simultaneous improvement in road holding capability of the vehicle and to study the effects of using Super Twisting Sliding Mode Controller (STSMC)

In this paper, the effects of the most important parameters on directional dynamics of a tractor-semitrailer vehicle are examined. Initially, a three DOF dynamic model of a tractor-semitrailer vehicle is proposed. Then, the developed model is validated by means of TruckSim software during a standard maneuver. In order to analyze the system stability, the Lyapunov method has been used and the stability

Vehicle steer-by-wire system (SBW) can improve the handling stability, passive safety, active safety and drive comfort significantly, which becomes a hot topic in research. However, the safety problem of SBW is one of the most critical problem in its practical application. In order to solve the safety reliability problem of SBW, a dual-redundancy steer-by-wire system (DSBW) is proposed in this paper

Brake wear gives 16%–55% by mass to total non-exhaust traffic related PM10 emissions in urban environments. While engines have become cleaner in the past decades, few improvements were made to lower non-exhaust emission until recently. Researchers have developed several experimental methods over the past years to assess brake emissions. However, observations tend to differ from a method to another

The autonomous vehicle has been developed widely, and attracted much attention of global automotive industry. Wherein, longitudinal dynamics control is one of the most crucial issues of autonomous vehicles. The throttle-by-wire (TBW) control could implement the acceleration command through adjusting the throttle opening, thus control the driving torque of the fuel autonomous vehicle. However, an automated

Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models of the honeycomb NPWs with three different spokes’ configurations, realized by varying the cell angle, were formulated. The validity of the proposed NPW FE models was demonstrated by comparing the predicted wheel responses with the reported data. A FE model of the pneumatic wheel of identical size was also formulated and verified on the basis of the measured

An integrated optimization method that comprehensively considers draping factors such as fiber reorientations and cutting of layers is proposed for designing CFRP B-pillar reinforcement with a variable thickness. A laminate parameterization scheme, the local shared layer parameterization scheme (LSL-PS), is developed to parameterize the physical composition of laminates with variable-thickness. Kinematic

To accurately predict the combustion and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with n-butanol/diesel blends, a more realistic compact-sized skeletal mechanism with (149 species and 497 reactions) was developed in this study based on the decoupling method. It was generated by integrating the simplified fuel-related sub-mechanisms of n-butanol and diesel surrogates including n-dodecane

At different levels of driving automation, driver’s gaze maintains great indispensable importance on semantic perception of the surround. In this work, we model gaze dynamics and clarify its relationship with driver’s maneuver behaviors from personalized driving style. Firstly, this paper proposes an Occlusion-immune Face Detector (OFD) for facial landmark detection, which can adaptively solve the

A model predictive feedback control strategy based on time-varying efficiency is investigated and applied to a hydraulic hub-motor auxiliary system (HHMAS) in this paper. Adding HHMAS to a traditional heavy commercial vehicle can improve fuel economy and traction performance on roads with low adhesion coefficients. However, the hydraulic drive system experiences serious disturbance imposed by time-varying

In the environment perception stage of autonomous driving, vehicles need to track its surrounding objects quickly and accurately to avoid dangerous behaviors. Therefore, visual object tracking has important practical application value in autonomous driving system. However, the performance of most hierarchical convolutional feature trackers are limited by ignoring the complex environment of autonomous

For L4 and above autonomous driving levels, the automatic control system has been redundantly designed, and a new steering control method based on brake has been proposed; a new dual-track model has been established through multiple driving tests. The axle part of the model was improved, the accuracy of the transfer function of the model was verified again through acceleration-slide tests; a controller

In order to solve the local path planning of self-driving car in the structured road environment, an improved path planning algorithm named Regional-Sampling RRT (RS-RRT) algorithm was proposed for obstacle avoidance conditions. Gaussian distribution sampling and local biasing sampling were integrated to improve the search efficiency in the sampling phase. In the expansion phase, considering the actual

In this work, a novel distribution-based control strategy of semi-active vehicle suspensions is tested under different conditions. The novelty lies in the use of an appropriate threshold in the operational condition of the control algorithm, with which the operational conditions severity is quantified and the state of the damper is controlled according to the magnitude of the operational conditions

This paper establishes a reliable heavy-duty braking system model that can be used for response time prediction and for vehicle braking calculations regarding the legislative requirements. For the response time prediction, a pneumatic system model of a heavy-duty vehicle is constructed by Matlab Simulink in consideration of service brake layout. To ensure the accuracy of system parameters related with

Deep-learning models were developed and evaluated for predicting the engine-out emission of NOx—one of the main pollutants emitted from diesel engines—under transient conditions, that is, the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). Phenomena of transient conditions are difficult to predict accurately via the conventional modeling approaches. Two algorithms—the deep neural network

This paper proposes a guaranteed cost strategy for longitudinal control of vehicles mainly considering speed-limit control based on map information. Firstly, a state-space model is developed to calculate the desired acceleration for the speed-limit control. Secondly, based on the formulated state-space model, a state-feedback guaranteed cost strategy is developed for the speed-limit control with system

The introduction of automated L5 driving technologies will revolutionise the design of vehicle interiors and seating configurations, improving occupant comfort and experience. It is foreseen that pre-crash emergency braking and swerving manoeuvres will affect occupant posture, which could lead to an interaction with a deploying airbag. This research addresses the urgent safety need of defining the

The growing concern over environmental protection is prompting automobile manufacturers to develop products with better End-of-Life performance. Product remanufacturability is considered as an End-of-Life performance booster. Remanufacturability, that is, the easiness for remanufacturing of products depends on the technical, environmental, and economic feasibilities. The technical feasibility depends

Environmental perception of urban roads is a critical research goal in intelligent transportation technology and autonomous vehicles, and pedestrian location is key to many relevant algorithms. Because anchor-free detectors are faster and region-based convolutional neural networks have a higher accuracy in object detection and classification, we propose an integrated convolutional networking architecture

The industrial application of adhesively bonded joints has increased significantly in the last few years, driven by benefits such as the increased design flexibility, high vibration damping, the capability of joining dissimilar materials and the possibility of being used in combination with other joining techniques. However, the presence of stress concentrations at the overlap ends, especially in single

For the hub motor electric vehicle (HM-EV), the drive motor is directly integrated with the wheel. The unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) of hub motor would be generated by magnet gap deformation under road surface roughness excitation. The longitudinal and vertical dynamic performances of the HM-EV system are therefore deteriorated. Firstly, to analyze and optimize the longitudinal and vertical dynamic

Aerodynamic noise transmitted through greenhouse panels and sealing often dominates the higher frequencies of the interior noise level, whereas the underbody area contributes mainly to low and middle frequencies. A method that unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for exterior airflow combined with Finite Element Method (FEM) for interior acoustic response was used. To validate the accuracy of

To address the comfort of an electric vehicle, a coupling mechanism between mechanical friction braking and electric regenerative braking was studied. A cooperative braking system model was established, and comprehensive simulations and system optimizations were carried out. The performance of the cooperative braking system was analyzed. The distribution of the braking force was optimized by an intelligent

In a vehicle, bulbs called the P-group are responsible for warning other drivers or pedestrians and they are known as signal bulbs. Signal bulbs have been used to emit warning and hazard signs in parts such as brake lights, direction indicator, hazard lights (night vision) as well as tail bulbs and car park alarms. There has been limited researches on the photometric characteristics of these lamps

This study assesses the dynamic performance of the semi-active quarter car vehicle under random road conditions through a new approach. The monotube MR damper is modelled using non-parametric method based on the dynamic characteristics obtained from the experiments. This model is used as the variable damper in a semi-active suspension. In order to control the vibration caused under random road excitation

Spotwelding and structural adhesive applications are two important processes in the automotive industry as they are closely associated with the functional requirements, weight, and cost of the vehicle. Even though there is a vast body of literature on their mathematical models, the effect of these processes on key vehicle performance indices and optimization is rather limited. Besides, the weight benefit

The combination of a growing number of complex technologies in internal combustion engines (ICE) is commonplace, due to the need of complying with the tight pollutant regulations and achieving high efficiencies. Hence the work of calibration engineers is led by a constant increase in degrees of freedom in ICE design. In this research work, a wide analysis on the optimization of combined variable valve

This paper proposes a control strategy for the design of an automated steering control for an autonomous electric vehicle. The proposed Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) with Model Predective Control (MPC) is not only capable of alleviating the disturbance but also shows robustness against structured uncertainties which may arise due to models that represent the vehicle dynamics. Simulations

This paper is mainly devoted to estimating the lateral velocity of vehicle with an observer synthesis method using a cost-effective 6D inertial measurement unit. The four sources of observer to be synthesized come from the dynamics model, the kinematics model, and a LuGre tire model, respectively. The weight of each source is calculated by considering the nonlinear extent of each tire by means of the