Area statistics of large lakes is the most concerned primary indicator in existing studies of freshwater ecosystem (FE) dynamics in watershed-dominated regions (WDRs). However, large lakes alone cannot represent the complete status of WDRs, and the dynamic changes of some smaller water types, such as rivers, pits, and streams, need to be given more attention. In order to capture more refined spatiotemporal

We have developed a hybrid model that integrates chaos theory and an extreme learning machine with optimal parameters selected using an improved particle swarm optimization (ELM-IPSO) for monthly runoff analysis and prediction. Monthly streamflow data covering a period of 55 years from Daiying hydrological station in the Chaohe River basin in northern China were used for the study. The Lyapunov exponent

Entropy weight method (EWM) is a widely used weighting approach in water quality evaluation that assigns weights according to the discriminating degree of indicators. A higher discrete degree corresponds to a larger weight requirement, and vice versa. By using two water quality evaluation examples, this study proves that the weighting result of EWM cannot accurately reflect the information content

Freshwater ecosystems deliver various ecosystem services providing essential goods and services, on which humans depend. These include vital provision of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Lake Pamvotis, a heavily modified urban lake is providing multiple services but at the same time is under multiple pressures. Setting as target the achievement of the Water Framework Directive (WFD)

The accurate simulation and prediction of flood response in urbanized basins remains a great challenge due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneities in land surface properties. We hereby propose an integrated modelling approach that consists of a semi-distributed conceptual hydrological model and a novel parameterization strategy. The modelling approach integrates the Xinanjiang (XAJ) model, Taihu

The “curse of dimensionality” is a major problem in dynamic programming (DP) algorithms for large-scale hydropower systems. This study proposes a parallel DP algorithm based on Spark (PDPoS) to alleviate the “curse of dimensionality”. Parallel computing experiments are formulated by varying the number of reservoirs, the number of discrete water levels and the number of CPU cores to analyze the quality

For a large part of human history, urbanization was focused on two main objectives: defence and resource harvesting. The first objective was always achieved in a broad sense, i.e., defending the population from other humans and from natural events. Focusing on human activities, this defensive approach was also applied to urban drainage, which resulted in a systematic underestimation of the impacts

A microirrigation network system is composed of a subunit and main pipeline network. Previous optimization studies generally focused on manifolds or lateral pipes in subunits or main pipeline networks and did not consider systems as a whole; thus, a true optimum was difficult to achieve. In this paper, a microirrigation network system is optimized as a whole, and an innovative approach is proposed

Accurate streamflow measurements are often challenging for extremely shallow rivers within complex bathymetries. In this study, a new version of the fluvial acoustic tomography (FAT) system operated by high-frequency 53-kHz underwater acoustic transducers was used to measure the discharge of a shallow mountainous river. The system was placed under a stringent site condition that was challenging for

The El Khairat wadi was dammed in order to improve the water resources management of El Khairat plain by increasing the surface water mobilization and using the stored reservoir water mainly for artificial groundwater recharge. Reservoir-type conceptual modelling was used to estimate the groundwater recharge over periods pre and post-dam construction. The comparison of the aquifer recharge in natural

The determination of optimal operation rules for water storage systems will provide a good perception on the ability of these systems to achieve their objective functions. This study aims to identify optimal operation policies by maximizing the annual hydropower generation of a multi-reservoir system that consists of two reservoirs with different functions in flood risk management. These reservoirs

Check dams in rural watersheds are useful and popular structures for rain or runoff water harvesting. This study investigates three combined approaches to check dam site selection. The approaches including (i) Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE), (ii) satisfaction of rural as benefices or exploiters, and (iii) valley’s shape analysis in the Manshad-Yazd watershed located in the center of Iran

The original version of this article unfortunately contains mistake in equation 9. The mistake and correction is described below.

In this research, a new framework has been introduced for rainfall temporal variability evaluation by using combination of monthly rainfall data sets in three synoptic stations, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) methodology. The first five components were chosen as inputs of

Streamflow plays a major role in the optimal management and allocation of available water resources in each region. Reliable techniques are therefore needed to be developed for streamflow modeling. In the present study, the performance of streamflow modeling is improved via developing novel boosted models. The daily streamflows of four hydrometric stations comprising of the Brantford and Galt stations

Sensitivity analysis is an important component for modelling water resource and environmental processes. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), has been widely used for global sensitivity analysis for various models. However, the applicability of ANOVA is restricted by this biased variance estimator. To address this issue, the subsampling based ANOVA method are developed in this study, in which multiple subsampling(single-

Flood is one of the most destructive natural disasters that damages people’s lives dramatically. Thus, it is crucial for researchers and politicians to research flood routing. The non-linear Muskingum model has been significantly considered by engineers and researchers in flood routing. In this study, in order to increase the accuracy of outflow prediction, the new non-linear Muskingum model, with

Land use changes cause changes in the hydrological cycle components and increase or decrease the amount of runoff and erosion in the watershed. Some land use changes become one of the most important problems in some watersheds all over the globe as the case in Ziarat watershed in Golestan province, Iran. Therefore, investigated the impacts of optimal scenario for development of residential areas on

Rotation scheduling implies a reduction in pipe flows and, consequently, in network cost. This kind of scheduling is considered rigid, but the recent development of new technologies, such as Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition systems (SCADA), has allowed high-frequency irrigation (1 day or less), making it an interesting option when either designing or managing an irrigation network. In this

Water shortage has become more frequent with occurrence of severe and frequent droughts and increasing water demand due to many factors, e.g., population growth and socio-economic development. Adaptive water management plans, including both supply-side and demand-side measures, provide water supply utilities guidance during water shortage situations. Among those measures, short-term demand management

In-situ bioremediation of groundwater is relatively low cost and has high efficiency in remediating groundwater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons under suitable hydrogeologic settings. This work develops a multiobjective simulation-optimization (S-O) model for the design of an in-situ bioremediation system for petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater. Minimizing the cost of the remediation

Self-adaptive cuckoo search algorithm is used to optimize the design of water distribution system problems. It is proposed to dynamically adjust the two sensitive parameters of the algorithm, (i) step size control parameter ‘α’ and (ii) discovering probability parameter ‘Pa’ which largely govern the exploration and exploitation search strategies of the algorithm. These parameters are essential for

Simulation is a basic method to analyze water resources system and provide information for decision-making. In this study, a framework is presented that describes the basic elements in a water resource system and a modelling technique integrating conceptual simulation and rule control. To formulate the process of the water cycle and water exploitation with a mathematical model, the water system is

The atmospheric circulation can be recognized as one of the causes of severe rainfall events occurrence. Such events, especially when are characterized by short durations and high intensities, result in flood events in the Mediterranean area. It is very important to understand how these heavy rainfall events, which can be usually identified with convective rainfall, are related to the different types

Two nonlinear versions of the Muskingum equation are considered. The difference between both equations relates to the exponent parameter. In the first version, commonly used in hydrology, this parameter is considered as free, while in the second version, it takes a value resulting from the kinematic wave theory. Consequently, the first version of the equation is dimensionally inconsistent, whereas

Accurate estimates of intense rainfall that induce flash floods in urban areas are necessary for flood hazard preparedness. The city of Kuala Lumpur is frequently hit by flash floods after prolonged heavy storms, causing substantial damage to property and infrastructure, and disruptions to the socioeconomic activities of urbanites. The flood mitigation measures that have been implemented include the

Due to global warming, the existing IDF curves that were derived from historical data may no longer valid for estimating future rainfall. On the other hand, the alternative future rainfall data generated from Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) cannot be used directly due to systematic biases caused by non-inclusion of local features. Quantile mapping was used to bias correct the rainfall

The original version of this article unfortunately contains mistakes in equations 1 and 2.

The machine learning models (MLMs), including support vector regression (SVR), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), boosted regression trees (BRT), and projection pursuit regression (PPR) are compared to traditional method i.e. nonlinear regression (NLR) in regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA). In this study, the Karun and Karkheh watersheds, which is located in the southwestern of Iran

Despite the popularity of the permeable pavements in urban areas in recent years, a few empirical equations have been developed to estimate the time of concentration (Tc) on pervious surfaces, and almost none of them is evaluated over the permeable pavements. In this paper, we aim to investigate the effect of low impact development (LID) on Tc and develop a new equation for estimating overland flow

In this paper, the movement of the water surface with macroscopic particles during a dam break flow using the volume of fluid (VOF) methods and the DPM and MPM models were numerically simulated. The numerical simulation is based on the averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and was closed by the LES turbulent model, representing by the incompressible viscous fluid flow, equations for the phase and particle

For the construction industry, timely and reliable information on current and future rain information is vital for enabling forecasters to make accurate and timely forecasts and to allow appropriate construction operations. Because construction works are often delayed during typhoons, a useful scheme for rain forecasts during typhoon periods is highly desirable. This study developed a regional extreme

The growing population has resulted in the need for new alternatives that guarantee water supply to the population. Among the alternatives, there is the individual system for capturing and utilizing rainwater. The objective of this article was to test a municipal policy that makes it mandatory to implement the system and to attest how much it can optimize the current public water supply system through

The original version of this article unfortunately contains mistake introduced during the publishing process.

The current study aims to monitor, detect, and assess post meter water leakage in public areas including schools, graveyards, public toilets, parks, and universities. Twenty-two different public sites were selected within the current study and smart water meters of various sizes were installed in these pilot study sites (PSS). A real time monitoring program was conducted to measure the flow rates at

Development of zoning and flood-forecasting models is essential for making optimal management decisions before and after floods. The Komijan watershed of Markazi Province, Iran is often affected by floods that have caused great material damage and loss of life. The main objective of this study is to use a new machine-learning method to create three models: best-first decision tree (BFT), a bagging

This paper develops a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for intelligence operation of cascaded hydropower reservoirs considering inflow forecasts, in which two key problems of large discrete action spaces and uncertainty of inflow forecasts are addressed. In this study, a DRL framework is first developed based on a newly defined knowledge sample form and a deep Q-network (DQN). Then, an

Maximum pressure is a crucial factor in pipe break events. In this paper, a field data-based methodology is proposed to statistically investigate the relationship between operating pressures and pipe break rates in water distribution networks. The objective is to develop the pipe break rate functions (BRFs) where a maximum pressure indicator (MPI) is associated with an average level of pipe break rates

Practical application of hydrological models requires parameter transfer, both temporally and spatially, to compensate for the lack of data. In this study, the transferability of parameters is evaluated using a lumped hydrological model called the Xinanjiang model to simulate runoff at different spatiotemporal scales in the Jianxi basin in south-east China and its four sub-basins. The functional relationships

Projected changes in climatic extremes, compared to the mean climate, exhibit a greater negative impact on the natural environment. Several studies reported that multi-model ensemble approach can improve the reliability of hydro-climatic extreme projection by extracting important information from a large number of general circulation models (GCMs). However, most of the available multi-model assembling

A common problem that the world faces is the waste of energy. In water pump stations, the situation is not different. Employees still use the traditional, manual, and empirical operation of the water pumps. This process gradually generates unwanted losses of energy and money. To avoid such profligacy, this paper presents two Adaptive and one Improved Multi-population based nature-inspired optimization

To meet flood control demand, many reservoirs have been built successively in China for many years. Reservoir inflow synchronization analysis for multiple reservoirs in the flood season can provide a reference for the formulation of the joint water supply operation plan and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. In this paper, a two-dimensional copula model is used to analyze the reservoir

Water shortages during dry periods can be successfully mitigated by managing reservoirs in real-time to conserve water as floods recede. The inherent uncertainty in inflow forecasts however means that it remains a challenge to balance the risks of flooding against those of water shortages. Few studies have examined how the risks of floods and water shortages can be managed using reservoir operation

Flows in discharge and energy dissipation buildings generally carry a considerable amount of energy. Therefore, it is important to optimize the discharge and energy dissipation to eliminate the redundant energy as much as possible for the safety of the hydro-junction project and the downstream area. In this paper, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model is applied to optimize the discharge and

Dam inflow prediction is important in terms of optimal water allocation and reduction of potential risks of floods and droughts. It is necessary to select a suitable model to reduce uncertainties in long-term and short-term predictions. In this study a probabilistic model of Bayesian Networks (BNs) was used to evaluate its efficiency in predicting inflow into reservoirs considering the uncertainties

Agricultural drought is a natural hazard, often leading to significant crop yield losses and jeopardising food security. Climate change is anticipated to increase the duration and the magnitude of drought events, augmenting also their adverse effects. Recent studies, as well as policy initiatives, emphasise the need of proper farm-level management, for efficient mitigation of drought effects and adaptation

This paper examined the link between common urban forms in North America and the energy use of drinking water distribution systems. (The urban form of an urban area relates to its street topology and population density.) Common street topologies and neighborhood population densities were combined to evaluate the impact on pumping energy and embodied energy in drinking water distribution systems. Embodied

Dam construction is important for economic development. However, the safety risks posed by dangerous dams are unacceptable. The need for the consequence evaluation of dam breaks has been increasing to reduce all types of losses caused by dam breaks in downstream areas. However, research on this topic is relatively scarce, particularly in the field of social and environmental impact assessments. This

Strategic pipeline asset management requires accurate and up-to-date information on pipeline condition. As a tool for pipeline condition assessment, inverse transient analysis (ITA - a pipeline model calibration approach) is typically formulated as a deterministic problem, and optimization methods are used for searching a single best solution. The uncertainty associated with the single best solution

This paper presents some developments in the optimization effectiveness for the dynamic design of water distribution networks (WDNs), tackled employing multi-objective genetic algorithms. Unlike the traditional single-phase design, the dynamic multi-phase design operates on planning WDN upgrades on short time intervals, also called phases or stages, while fitting them into a long-term planning horizon

Based on the linear variation assumption of the substance concentration, a water quality model is reconstructed, and an early warning model coupled with the river network hydrodynamics and water quality for conventional pollutants and conservative substances is further developed. This paper proposes a new method for calculating the early warning of conventional sudden water pollution accidents, and

Reservoir operations often require balancing among several water uses. Despite the non-consumptive nature of hydropower, conflicts exist between irrigation and hydropower due to a demand seasonality mismatch. Hydropower operations are scheduled as part of a large-scale power grid, whereas irrigation decisions takes place at a smaller scale, most often the river basin. Balancing these water uses should

Rain-fed agriculture, which is highly dependent on rainfall, is one of various types of farming method. Therefore, the occurrence of drought can play a significant role in the yields of rain-fed plants. Therefore, the present study tries to examine the most important effective time period on the changes of the annual yield of rain-fed winter wheat (AY) under the influence of drought changes by using

This study proposes a novel generalized storage function (GSF) model for water level estimation from the rating curve relationship by considering (i) the spatial distribution of rainfall over the basin and (ii) incorporating all the possible inflow and outflow components to reduce the uncertainties involved. The proposed GSF model, along with three other models, was then applied in two watersheds of

Stresses on water systems can be quantitatively assessed through indices that account for water demand relative to water availability, e.g., the Water Supply Stress Index (WaSSI). However, as a result of adopting deterministic supply-driven approaches, limited attention is paid to the potential impacts of climatic variability on quantifying water stresses. The current study aimed to account for the

Given a changing environment, estimating a flood magnitude corresponding to a desired return period considering nonstationarity is crucial for hydrological engineering designs. Four nonstationary design methods, namely expected waiting time (EWT), expected number of exceedances (ENE), equivalent reliability (ER), and average design life level (ADLL) have already been proposed in recent years. Among

The Humanitarian Agents (HAs), are among the first entities dealing with the impacts of natural and man-made disasters. This is more than essential in areas, where the National governments and associated economies are either overwhelmed to respond or unprepared to act. Under such pressing conditions, the agents, as any other similar entity, depend on a variety of monitoring and assessment tools in

In this work we propose an original method to determine the magnitude of the discharge, the intensity of the precipitation and the duration of short-rain floods in small torrential basins (< 2000 km2), extending our earlier approach for long-rain floods in larger basins (Water 2016, 8, 526; Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 727). The studied areas are located in ungauged catchments with high erosion rates where

With the increasing threat to water, energy, and food resources world-wide, it is highly imperative to manage these resources sustainably. This study develops an optimal crop area allocation model based on a novel nexus-sustainability index (NSI), integrating the water use, energy use (environmental dimension); land use, labour use (social dimension); yield return, and per capita food production (economic

Groundwater monitoring requires a great deal of cost and time that optimizing the quantitative groundwater monitoring network with selecting the optimal number of sampling wells and determining their optimal location for reducing the cost and time of quantitative groundwater assessment are necessary. The data from 110 observation wells of Neyshabur plain in Iran range from the year 1986 to 2016 were