Embankment rockfill dams are the most common dam construction types used in the world today. One third of all embankment dam failures are caused by dam slope instability. The dam is stable when the slopes are stable. Slope safety of the dam is assessed through pore and total pressure data analysis registered on pressure measurement cells installed in the dam. During the service life of a dam, one or

Adapting to new climate conditions will require an intricate mix of knowledge, planning, coordination, and foresight. There is increasing sectoral evidence on the implementation of successful adaptation actions. However, the success of these actions when we consider the interdependencies among sectors remains debatable. This paper aims to assess who benefits from implementing adaptation options in

Design flood via flood frequency analysis provides basic information for designing hydraulic structures. Quantification of uncertainty in flood frequency analysis has become an important issue during the past three decades. However, few studies have considered practical procedures for selecting a single design flood in the uncertainty range. Cost-benefit analysis can be incorporated to select a single

The issue of predicting monthly streamflow data is an important issue in water resources engineering. In this paper, a hybrid model was proposed to generate monthly streamflow data for a river from the annual streamflow data. To develop the proposed hybrid model, a combination of K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Random Tree (RT) algorithms was used. The hybrid structure was designed to predict the annual

Reliability, resilience, and vulnerability (RRV) have been widely used as the performance criteria of a water supply system in the studies conducted over the last three decades. This study attempts to modify the traditional method commonly applied to estimate these criteria using fuzzy logic thereby the performance criteria of the points with the threshold and intermediate values are more accurately

This research evaluates the application and performance of two methods of Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in real time control and operational management of a large-scale water transfer system. Metaheuristic approaches are computationally common but do not guarantee the global optimality of their solution. On the other hand, a main limitation for these algorithms

A traditional cost-benefit analysis of potential water interventions in a given locality is a laborious and time-intensive process. To help decision makers identify optimal locations for such an in-depth cost-benefit analysis, we describe a new method to combine country-wide survey data and mathematical modeling to conduct a rapid and inexpensive cost-benefit analysis of water interventions for many

Forecasted inflow is one of the most important input information for reservoir operation planning. However, current inflow prediction accuracy is difficult to meet the needs of long-term operation. Therefore, it is of great significance to consider the uncertainty of inflow forecast and study its influence on reservoir operation decisions. In this paper, a long-term scheduling framework considering

Pump location optimization is a key issue in the design of water pipe networks to reduce energy consumptions and associated costs. The pump location variables in previous papers were typically discrete, resulting in potentially sub-optimal solutions. If the discrete variables are densified, the solving time increases substantially. To overcome the shortcomings of the discrete pump location optimization

This study develops a synergistic optimization framework for planning inter-regional water resources management system under shared socioeconomic pathways; this framework integrates multi-level and robust flexible programs. The upper-level model determines minimum social loss induced by water exploitation, the middle-level one focuses exclusively on pollutant emissions, and the lower-level one aims

In China, there are numerous single-reservoir and multicascade hydropower plants (SMHPs), which provide high-quality peak-shaving power supply due to their characteristics of rapid load tracking and flexible regulation. However, the short-term peak-shaving operation (SPSO) of SMHPs serving multiple power grids faces difficulties from complicated hydraulic and electrical connections, dimensional disasters

To turn General Circulation Models (GCMs) projection toward better assessment, it is crucial to employ a downscaling process to get more reliability of their outputs. The data-driven based downscaling techniques recently have been used widely, and predictor selection is usually considered as the main challenge in these methods. Hence, this study aims to examine the most common approaches of feature

Multiple hydropower reservoirs operation is an effective measure to rationally allocate the limited water resources under uncertainty. With the rapid expansion of water resources system, it becomes much more difficult for traditional methods to quickly yield the reasonable operational policy. Grey wolf optimizer, inspired by the wolves’ hunting behaviors, is a famous metaheuristic method to resolve

Developing Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves is a paramount input in stormwater systems design. To construct these IDF curves, rainfall records at sub-daily durations, provided by continuous rainfall recorders, are required; however, these recorders are seldom available in many locations of interest. To fill this gap, available meteorological and topographical information for a study area in

Determination of the drastic changes in water quality is an urgent need in this polluted era and is more essential for the survival of the existing and growing water demand. It has been very difficult to analyze the water quality data. This study focused on the Water Quality Index (WQI) prediction of water samples collected from 1944 different wells surrounding the Vellore district. WQI prediction

River basins are important territorial units for geographical analysis, and are crucial for environmental planning, especially in metropolitan settings. The aim of this article was to evaluate rainfall trends and variability in the Guapimirim-Macacu basin, located in an urban development area in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region. Annual, monthly and daily records were collected from twenty rain

Sustained pumping of groundwater can lead to declining water levels in wellfields and concerns regarding the sustainability of groundwater resources. Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) is a promising approach for maintaining water levels in wells and increasing the sustainability of groundwater resources. Herein, an analytical model relying on superposition of the Theis equation is used to resolve

Hitherto, there has been insufficient work to quantify the degree of mutual feedback among the different objectives of multi-objective reservoir operation. The purpose of this study is to use a Multi-objective Correlation Index (MCI) to quantitatively analyze the complicated relationship of a multi-objective reservoir operation under changing inflow and water demands. First, an improved maximum probability

The provision of critical services, such as drinking water, is crucial both in ordinary and in emergency conditions due to either natural (e.g. earthquakes, droughts, etc.) or man-made hazards (e.g. contamination). Although several models and tools have been developed to support decision-making in ordinary operations, such as e.g. for scheduling ordinary maintenance and for planning rehabilitation/replacement

Change in the spatiotemporal pattern of precipitation is one the most important effects of climate change. This may result in considerable changes in urban flooding and yield a variation in the rate and volume of stormwater, resulting in the failure of stormwater collection systems. In the current paper, the effects of different downscaling methods on a built urban network have been assessed and compared

Soil moisture (SM) is critical for various hydro-meteorological applications. Land surface models (LSMs) can produce global spatio-temporal continuous SM estimates. Recently, NASA and ECMWF released GLDAS-2.1 and ERA5-Land datasets, respectively, which contain newly produced LSM-based global SM products, and these have not been thoroughly evaluated in China. To better understand the two products, we

To reduce the impact of droughts and increase the resilience of regional water systems, various competing demands, such as hydropower, supply, irrigation and river ecosystems, need to be reconciled. In this perspective, for a sustainable and efficient management of the water resources, planners and practitioners would benefit from using the most recent data and easily accessible analysis tools, that

River level forecasting is a difficult problem. Complex river dynamics lead to level series with strong time-varying serial correlation and nonlinear relations with influential factors. The current high-frequency level series present a new challenge: they are measured hourly or at finer time scales, but predictions of up to several days ahead are still needed. In this framework, prediction models must

To satisfy their main goal, namely providing quality water to consumers, water distribution networks (WDNs) need to be suitably monitored. Only well designed and reliable monitoring data enables WDN managers to make sound decisions on their systems. In this belief, water utilities worldwide have invested in monitoring and data acquisition systems. However, good monitoring needs optimal sensor placement

Finding optimal policies for real-life reservoir systems operation (RSO) is a challenging task as the available analytical methods cannot handle the arbitrary functions of the problem. Most of the methods employed are numerical or iterative type and are computer dependent. Since the computer resources in terms of memory and CPU time are limited efficient algorithms are necessary to deal with the RSO

Some hydrological quantities such as the rainfall intensity, which is defined as the quotient of the rainfall depth to the rainfall duration, are based on functions of random variables. At this point, the probability distribution of that quantity arises. Then one may take this distribution into account for the exact statistical inference without referring to a simulation study. There are a lot of works

Optimal operation of cascade hydropower reservoirs is a complex high-dimensional engineering problem. Developing an appropriate model to solve such problems requires an efficient search method proportional to the dimensions of the problem. Accordingly, this research employed the new fitness-distance-balance (FDB) selection method in the moth swarm algorithm (MSA) to achieve promoted FDB-MSA with a

A significant challenge for managers of drinking water infrastructures is to make effective strategic decisions for assets with a long lifetime in an uncertain and changing environment. Water resources, which are part of the drinking water infrastructures, have a special position in this decision making process as they operate at the interface of the socio-technical and the socio-ecological subsystems:

In theory, emergence of robustness concept has pushed decision-makers toward designing alternatives, such as resistant against the potential fluctuations fueled by uncertain surrounding environment. This study promotes an objective-based multi-attributes decision-making framework that takes into account the uncertainties associated with the impacts of the climate change on water resources systems.

In the present study, for the first time, a new framework is used by combining metaheuristic algorithms, decomposition and machine learning for flood frequency analysis under climate-change conditions and application of HadCM3 (A2 and B2 scenarios), CGCM3 (A2 and A1B scenarios) and CanESM2 (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios) in global climate models (GCM). In the proposed framework, Multivariate

Climate changes and its undesirable impacts (such as melting glaciers, the occurrence of floods, hurricanes and droughts, etc.) are among the most important disasters that human beings have faced in recent decades. Considering the important role of the meteorological parameters on climate change, in this research the effectiveness rate of various meteorological parameters including the mean minimum

Flash floods can be characterized by several variables. Of these, soil moisture (SM) is an important environmental factor that plays a key role in hydrological and ecological processes and affects the mechanisms that cause flash floods. To more accurately determine the occurrence probability of flash floods, the combined effects of soil moisture and rainfall indexes were considered in this paper, and

Water scarcity is one of the problems affecting people’s livelihoods in arid and semi-arid areas, requiring a sustainable balance between water demands and water resources. This study was carried out to assess temporal and spatial distribution of water supply and demand in order to help managers to overcome water scarcity in Jiroft basin, southeastern Iran. Spatial supply and demand of water were mapped

Due to the rapidly increasing demand for groundwater, as one of the principal freshwater resources, there is an urge to advance novel prediction systems to more accurately estimate the groundwater potential for an informed groundwater resource management. Ensemble machine learning methods are generally reported to produce more accurate results. However, proposing the novel ensemble models along with

Water resources at the basin level are affected by climate change in the form of available water scarcity and multiple droughts leading to conflicts among different water users, especially between the agricultural sector and wetland services. However, owing to the multidimensional and multi-scalar nature of water management and climate change, it is needed to integrate tools to analyze impacts and

Green roofs can be an effective tool for sustainable urban drainage, since they reduce and retain runoff by delaying its peak. Most studies analysing the retention capacity of green roofs are usually referred to a specific place and roof condition and do not consider the possibility that the roof could be partially pre-filled from previous rainfalls at the beginning of the given event. The aim of this

Water-Saving Management Contract (WSMC) is an innovative business model to reduce water consumption and improve water-use efficiency. The Shared Water-Saving Model, as a primary operating model in WSMC projects, is relatively widely used compared with other patterns. However, the lack of a water-saving benefit allocation scheme is one of the critical obstacles frustrating the implementation and promotion

In this study, a novel simulation-optimization model for the optimal flood control of the cascade barrage network was proposed by combining a simulation-based optimization method with a one-dimensional flood numerical analysis method. The simulation-based optimization method determines the optimal operation rules of cascade barrages, including the pre-discharge stage algorithm and the main-discharge

Machine learning (ML) models have been applied to monthly streamflow forecasting in recent decades. In this study, forecasting skills of eight ML models are evaluated based on the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) dataset. We consider two skill scores, i.e., the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and the adjusted NSE (ANSE), and the latter is the skill score based on the interannual mean monthly

While analysing a real network, the assumption of zero minimum pressure head as the elevation of demand node may lead to unrealistic results as some residual pressure is necessary to derive any outflow at the node. A more realistic minimum pressure head plays an important role for analysis of an existing or proposed network. The present study extends a novel method of pressure-dependent volume driven-analysis

Hydrological models are the main tools for water resources management. The Lavras Simulation of Hydrology (LASH) model was developed for watersheds with scarce data, and great results have been obtained in Brazil. This study aimed to incorporate hydrological response units (HRUs) in the LASH model to assess soil water storage (SWS) across space and time. The LASH model was calibrated and validated

Access to water as the core of sustainable development is essential for the socio-economic development of any region. Water security is challenging, especially in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran, where changes in the temporal distribution of precipitation contribute to the inherent shortage of water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to choose strategies that can advance this heterogeneous

Drought forecasting and monitoring play a significant role in reducing the negative effects of global meteorological droughts caused by different intensities at different temporal and spatial scales in different regions, especially in regions with high dependency on rainwater. The present study tries to compare the accuracy of stationary time series (ST) models including autoregressive moving average

The present work proposes a new morphodynamic model for flow simulation in open channels. The governing one dimensional (1D) shallow water equations along with the Exner sediment continuity equation are solved here using coupled approach. A TVD based MacCormack predictor corrector method is used here for solution of the coupled governing equations. The developed numerical model is used to replicate

Owing to serious water shortages and frequent water waste, water crises have swept the world and become progressively severe. One major question is how to rationally allocate limited water resources to guarantee daily water requirements and achieve sustainable and coordinated development simultaneously. The combined use of different sources, such as diverted water and local water including reclaimed

Flow-stream-bed interaction has received substantial interest in the field of fluvial hydraulics since few decades and the present study aims to explore the influenece of weak bed-load transport on near-bed flow characteristics under dynamic equilibrium flow conditions. The experimental conditions were tackled in two folds: (1) flow over immobile bed without bed-load transport and (2) weak bed-load

Scientific literature currently lacks comprehensive understanding of urban surface water use functions. This hampers sound analysis of the demand and potential supply of these functions. This study provides a comprehensive overview of potential use functions, by integrating knowledge from ecosystem services and integrated urban water management fields. Analysis of water-related management plans for

Chlorophyll-a (hereafter referred to as Chl-a) is a recognized indicator for phytoplankton abundance and biomass –hence, an effective estimation of the trophic condition– of water bodies as lakes, reservoirs and oceans. Indeed, Chl-a is the primary molecule responsible for photosynthesis. A strong and robust Bayesian nonparametric technique, termed Gaussian process regression (GPR) approach, for foretelling

This paper presents the results of studies on water resources management strategies, under the influence of climate change, in the Zarrineh River basin, providing some 41% of the total inflow into the Lake Urmia. Climate change simulation over the period 1992–2050 was performed by downscaling of seven global circulation models. The best model was then selected for modelling the hydrological behavior

Water pipelines are exposed to severe aging and deterioration challenges. The weights of importance of deterioration factors shall be estimated to predict the condition of underground water pipelines. Analytic network process (ANP) is one of the most common multiple criteria decision making techniques. The fuzzy set theory has been employed to tackle the vagueness and imprecision in human judgments

The study attempts to evaluate the impact of DEM source (AW3D30 DEM, CartoDEM v2 R1, SRTM v4.1 DEM and ASTER GDEM v2), DEM resolution (30 m to 1000 m), resampling approaches (nearest neighbor, bilinear interpolation, cubic convolution, majority) and area threshold (1500 Ha, 10,000 Ha, 25,000 Ha, 35,000 Ha, 50,000 Ha) on hydrological model (SWAT) simulated outputs. A methodological framework by two

A conceptual lumped ecohydrological streamflow model (EHSMu) is presented as a promising tool to simulate runoff in urban catchments. The model, based on the interaction between a soil bucket and two linear reservoirs, enables also evapotranspiration and aquifer recharge to be estimated. Notwithstanding its minimalism, EHSMu describes interactions among soil moisture dynamics, hydrological fluxes and

Sediment yield is important for maintaining soil health, reservoir sustainability, environmental pollution, and conservation of natural resources. The main aim of the present work is to develop four machine learning models, artificial neural networks (ANNs), radial basis function (RBF), support vector machine (SVM) and multiple model (MM)-ANNs for forecasting daily sediment yield. These models were

In this study, a meshless simulation model based on the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) is proposed for the coupled simulation of groundwater flow and contaminant transport (GFCT) in the two-dimensions. EFGM discretizes the governing GFCT equations using the Galerkin integral approach and shape functions generated through the moving least squares (MLS) approximation method. It results into the

Metaheuristics are highly efficient optimization methods that are widely used today. However, the performance of one method cannot be generalized and must be examined in each class of problems. The hybrid algorithm of particle swarm optimization and grey wolf optimizer (HPSOGWO) is new swarm-based metaheuristic with several advantages, such as simple implementation and low memory consumption. This

Conjunctive use of water is an integral part of water resources management. Future groundwater scenarios will dictate the water management policies. The present research focuses on future groundwater scenario generation based on regional scale CMIP5 data. The future scenarios for the years 2030, 2050 and 2080 were generated in terms of the groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) with seven futuristic parameters

Water-related Ecosystem Services (WES), namely the multiple benefits that humans can obtain from water or water-related functions of an ecosystem, constitute a useful perspective to look at the overlap between biosphere and anthroposphere and to explore their sustainable coupling. On one hand, society acts as a driver of landscapes transformation, influencing the ecohydrological processes that underpin

Groundwater resources are often the main source of drinking water for remote communities, but they are increasingly found to be unsuitable, and a source of ill health in many parts of the world. High annual rainfall in monsoonal regions makes rainwater harvesting an attractive alternative, but lack of infrastructure for capturing and storing sufficient quantities is often restrictive. This study focuses

The use of irrigation water extracted from aquifers with submerged pumps is essential to ensure agricultural production mainly in water-scarce regions.. However, the use of the water source requires of a considerable energy consumption by water user associations (WUAs) being key factor to consider due to their high share of total management, operation, and maintenance costs. In this work, a new tool