Subsurface dams, strongly advocated in the 1992 United Nations Agenda-21, have been widely studied to increase groundwater storage capacity. However, an optimal allocation of augmented water with the construction of the subsurface dams to compensate for the water shortage during dry periods has not so far been investigated. This study, therefore, presents a risk-based simulation–optimization framework

This paper presents mathematical and algorithmic developments related to general abnormality (multiple leakages and multiple partial blockages) detection in a simple pipeline system. Formulations for leakages and blockages were combined and reformulated to address general abnormalities efficiently in the frequency domain. Unsteady friction effects on laminar and turbulent flow conditions were considered

Dams accumulate sediment by interrupting the continuity of rivers, resulting in a loss of reservoir water storage capacity and decreased productive life. These issues raise a growing concern about the decreasing benefits of projects. This paper contributes to the implementation of sediment transit strategies and operating rules of reservoirs to reduce overflows and recover the technical–economic viability

Accurate prediction of shear stress distribution along the boundary in an open channel is the key to solving numerous critical engineering problems such as flood control, sediment transport, riverbank protection, and others. Similarly, the estimation of flow discharge in flood conditions is also challenging for engineers and scientists. The flow structure in compound channels becomes complicated due

With the development of cities, the water resources loss and environmental pollution caused by pipeline leakage need to be solved urgently. In this paper, a probabilistic method of model-based Bayesian analysis is designed to solve the multi-leakage detection problem of reservoir pipeline valve system. Bayesian inference selects the model best suited to the measured data. This process estimates the

Scientific assessment of the hydrodynamic conditions of water system connection is of great significance and value in guiding the ecological construction of urban water system connection and building healthy river–lake relationship. Based on the advantages of SWMM in effectively simulating urban rainfall and surface runoff, a hydrological and hydrodynamic model was constructed before and after the

Climate change and human activities have led to nonstationarity in hydrological series. To systematically consider nonstationarity in regional frequency analysis (RFA), the features accounting for temporal variability of data series were developed and a nonstationary index flood model considering the trend and jump mutations was proposed in this study. The features extracted by empirical mode decomposition

The design and operation of flood control systems are always subjected to different uncertainties. In general, uncertainty occurs due to the inherent randomness of natural events (aleatory) or the lack of information (epistemic). In this paper, the optimal design of flood control levees was considered with respect to different types of uncertainties. For this purpose, a stochastic model was developed

Challenges faced by water resource systems are multi-faceted. The problem can be even more pronounced in a dry continent like Australia where the water resources can often be afflicted by high salinity and turbidity. Therefore, modern water resource systems require to appropriately manage both water quality and quantity. This study aims to illustrate the trade-offs between water quantity and quality

With many countries facing water scarcity and the demand for water ever-increasing, more people are turning to rainwater harvesting (RWH) as a feasible way of supplementing supply. However, the success of RWH systems depends on several factors, including rainfall, catchment characteristics and socio-economic factors. Hence it is essential to carry out location-specific studies to evaluate the potential

Identification of the uncertain parameters, which affecting on the qualitative behavior of the aquifer, and determining their effect on the uncertainty of the simulated nitrate concentration (NC) is one of the major challenges in the qualitative monitoring of aquifers. In this study, in order to determine the quantitative amount of uncertainty related to the simulated nitrate, an approach based on

In this study, the AdaBoost, MultiBoost and RealAdaBoost methods were combined with the Quadratic Discriminant Analysis method to develop three new GIS-based Machine Learning ensemble models, i.e., ABQDA, MBQDA, and RABQDA for groundwater potential mapping in the Dak Nong Province, Vietnam. In total, 227 groundwater wells and 12 conditioning factors (infiltration, rainfall, river density, topographic

Various time series forecasting methods have been successfully applied for the water-stage forecasting problem. Graphical time series models are a class of multivariate time series to model the spatio-temporal dependencies between the sensors. Constructing graph-based models involve data pre-processing and correlation analysis to capture the dynamics of different water flow scenarios, which is not

Floods are common and recurring natural hazards which damages is the destruction for society. Several regions of the world with different climatic conditions face the challenge of floods in different magnitudes. Here we estimate flood susceptibility based on Analytical neural network (ANN), Deep learning neural network (DLNN) and Deep boost (DB) algorithm approach. We also attempt to estimate the future

In order to improve water ecological service and ensure water resource protection, it is imperative to develop an effective evaluation method to identify the water-holding capacity of eco-environmental system. In this study, a comprehensive GIS-based data-fusion analysis framework is developed to evaluate the significance of water conservation/retention function (WCF), identify the potential effects

Forested riparian corridors are a key management solution for halting the global trend of declining ecological status of freshwater ecosystems. There is an increasing body of evidence related to the efficacy of these corridors at the local scale, but knowledge is inadequate concerning the effectiveness of riparian forests in terms of protecting streams from harmful impacts across larger scales. In

The quality of sensor placement in water distribution systems (WDSs) has considerable impact on leak detection accuracy and identification efficiency. Sensor-placement optimization has long been a major issue in the research of WDS. Conventional hierarchical algorithms based on joint entropy have been widely applied to sensor-placement optimization in the engineering-safety monitoring field. Although

Climate change has made many alterations to the climate of earth, including hydro-climatic extreme events. To investigate the impact of climate change on hydro-meteorological droughts in the Kamal-Saleh dam basin in Markazi province, Iran, proportional to future climate conditions, a new and comprehensive index was developed with the aim of accurately estimating drought in a more realistic condition

The concept of the water-food-energy nexus has been widely studied in the past decade. In this paper we expand on this concept to include environmental, economic, and social aspects as well as life cycle assessment based thinking. We proposed a set of Environmental Footprint Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment, and Socio-Economic Assessment indicators and calculated them using a developed System Dynamic

Continuous and accurate drought monitoring has an important role in early warning drought mitigation policies. This study aims to provide an accurate standardized drought monitoring indicator by enhancing the representative characteristics of precipitation data using advanced statistical methods. We proposed a two-phase statistical procedure index – the Regional Multi-Component Gaussian Hydrological

Water distribution networks (WDNs) connect consumers to the source of water. The primary goal of optimizing WDNs is to minimize the network costs as WDNs entail high construction costs. This paper presents a newly developed parameter-less Rao algorithm for optimization of WDNs. The methodology is based on a pressure and discharge dependent penalty. It is written in python code by linking to a hydraulic

Digital elevation models (DEMs) enable extraction of stream networks, delineation of watersheds and determination of geomorphological characteristics. A widely used method for stream network extraction is to specify a threshold area required to initiate a channel. This is achieved by applying a threshold area value (As) in GIS software which displays the accumulated flow to each cell. In this study

Hydropower energy generation depends on the available water resources. Therefore, planning and operation of the water resource systems are paramount tasks for energy management. Since reservoirs are one of the important components of water resources systems, extracting optimal operating policies for proper management of energy generated from these systems is an imperative step. Optimizing reservoir

The effects of check dam reservoirs on variations in hydrological regimes commonly result in nonlinear runoff-sediment relationships, which are difficult to describe using current reservoir indicators, particularly for watersheds where floods rise rapidly and huge sediment loads occur. In this study, the evolution of the runoff-sediment relationship was investigated through tests for tendencies and

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) of development projects are necessary to minimize negative impacts and maximize benefits. The objective of this paper is to determine the best strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of dam construction with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method based on results of EIAs. For this purpose, a group of experts in various pertinent fields was formed, and

This study was conducted in the upper Tagus River basin (UTRB), whose available water resources are partially transferred from the Entrepeñas and Buendía reservoirs after local needs satisfaction to the Segura River basin using the Tagus-Segura water transfer (TSWT), the largest hydraulic infrastructure in Spain. This study evaluates the climate change impact on the TSWT by considering future evaporation

Arid region water reservoirs have different characteristics and solutions from humid regions with the most water shortage in the world socio-economically. This paper outlines possible implementation methodologies, procedures and guidance for water storage in natural and artificial reservoirs for better operation and management rules taking into account the impacts of climate change. The literature

Reducing the negative impacts of water shortages is the primary concern of water supply reservoir operation. This study aims to propose a theoretical framework of water shortage probabilities and distributions of various future lead times for a water supply reservoir based on the supply–demand relationship. Reservoir supply ability is represented by the water availability, which is the sum of storage

Water reuse has the potential to substantially reduce the demand on groundwater and surface water. This study presents a method to evaluate the potential of water reuse schemes in a regional context and demonstrates how water reuse propagates through the water system and potentially reduces pressure on groundwater resources. The use of Sankey diagram visualisation provides a valuable tool to explore

The present study aimed to model reconnaissance drought index (RDI) time series at three various time scales (i.e., RDI-6, RDI-9, RDI-12). Two weather stations located at Iran, namely Tehran and Dezful, were selected as the case study. First, support vector regression (SVR) was utilized as the standalone modeling technique. Then, hybrid models were implemented via coupling the standalone SVR with two

Streamflow forecasting plays a key role in improvement of water resource allocation, management and planning, flood warning and forecasting, and mitigation of flood damages. There are a considerable number of forecasting models and techniques that have been employed in streamflow forecasting and gained importance in hydrological studies in recent decades. In this study, the main objective was to compare

One of the most important analysis in many hydrological and agricultural studies is to convert the daily rainfall data into sub-daily (hourly) because in many rainfall stations, only the daily rainfall data are available and for a comprehensive rainfall analysis, these data should be converted to sub-daily. Many experimental and analytical methods are available for this conversion but one of the simplest

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have grown in popularity as a method to leverage private sector actors in the production of government services. With the global challenge of water insecurity, PPPs are becoming more common for large scale water infrastructure projects. One prominent example is the water desalination industry. Global desalination capacity has grown in recent decades driven by demand

Groundwater overdraft in many regions throughout the world has been threatening the sustainability of this valuable resource. It has been argued that climate change may contribute to the severity of the issue; hence “impact assessment” is being replaced by “adaptation,” which explores more adapting scenarios and approaches. This study explores the adaptability of the proposed cyclic and non-cyclic

Urban areas are vulnerable to flooding as a result of climate change and rapid urbanization and thus flood losses are becoming increasingly severe. Low impact development (LID) measures are a storm management technique designed for controlling runoff in urban areas, which is critical for solving urban flood hazard. Therefore, this study developed an exploratory simulation–optimization framework for

Groundwater is a primary source of drinking water in the Mediterranean, however, climate variability in conjunction with mismanagement renders it vulnerable to depletion. Spatiotemporal studies of groundwater recharge are the basis to develop strategies against this phenomenon. In this study, groundwater recharge was spatiotemporally quantified using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in one

Robule Lake, located in Eastern Serbia, near the city of Bor, is being influenced by waste materials from mining activities. For the purification of water from Robule Lake, contaminated with various metal ions (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, etc.), acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment methods such as: passive treatment method, sequential neutralization, ion exchange, adsorption process based on low cost adsorbents

The short-term hydropower generation scheduling (STHGS) is a complicated problem in the utilization of hydropower and water resources. An improved binary-coded whale optimization algorithm (IBWOA) is proposed in this paper to solve the complex nonlinear problem. The STHGS problem is divided into unit combination (UC) subproblem and economic load distribution (ELD) subproblem. For the UC subproblem

Combined simulation–optimization (CSO) schemes are common in the literature to solve different groundwater management problems, and CSO is particularly well-established in the coastal aquifer management literature. However, with a few exceptions, nearly all previous studies have employed the CSO approach to derive static groundwater management plans that remain unchanged during the entire management

Improving the groundwater governance structure can help reduce groundwater decline and improve the state of an aquifer. This study develops an approach to modify groundwater governance based on a participatory, water-food-energy (WFE) nexus. Given the need for the participation of actors in the decision-making for the WFE nexus, we identified and selected some powerful nexus actors. Using the actor’s

An accurate prediction of pipes failure rate plays a substantial role in the management of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs). In this study, a field study was conducted to register pipes break and relevant causes in the WDN of Yazd City, Iran. In this way, 851 water pipes were incepted and localized by the Global Positioning System (GPS) apparatus. Then, 1033 failure cases were reported in the eight

The modified reconnaissance drought index (RDIe) which is a modified version of RDI is presented for assessing drought conditions with an emphasis on agricultural drought. The potential evapotranspiration (PET) and effective rainfall are required climatic variables to calculate RDIe. Although the FAO Penman–Monteith (FPM) equation is the reference method for determining the PET, due to the need for

This study proposes a new stochastic approach for optimizing diversion system design and its construction schedule by considering different hydrological and hydraulic uncertainties sources. For this purpose, a multi-objective optimization-simulation model was developed to evaluate the failure of a diversion system to flood. Two objective functions, the expected flood damage (EFD) and cost-benefit (CB)

Potable groundwater resources are at risk as a result of industrial development and an increase in fertilizer use. Protection of the groundwater supply may require the establishment of groundwater source protection zones (GSPZs) to allow the implementation of protective measures. The aim of this study was to develop a new approach to groundwater source risk assessment (GSRA). The risk was defined as

Soil erosion causes significant damage to humans by reducing soil productivity and filling reservoirs from sediment deposition in Narmada Basin, India; hence, it is important to recognize soil erosion prone areas for preventive steps in this basin. In this research, prioritization of sub-watersheds of Narmada Basin has been done using game theory-based approaches such as Condorcet and Fallback bargaining

A decision-making method for water resource regulation that considers the multi-objective time-varying competition relationship is proposed, given the dynamic time-varying characteristics of the mutual feedback relationship and its strength as the main targets in the water resources scheduling cycle. With a focus on different dispatching periods, a time-varying multi-objective model of annual generation

Inevitable evaporation and sedimentation will influence reservoir operational performance if the two fluxes have been ignored when sizing reservoir systems. While this is to be expected, very few studies have quantified this influence. This study has analysed the effects of evaporation and sedimentation on reservoirs operational performance. It used seven reservoirs in Yesilirmak Basin, Turkey as case

The granting of permits for the use of water resources has been legislated to ensure adequate access to water for all user sectors. However, this management instrument may not effectively perform quantitative control over the granting process, and permits for flows greater than the water availability may be granted and thus are not always representative of the actual abstractions. Therefore, the present

Ensuring sustainable management and an adequate supply of freshwater resources is a growing challenge around the world. Even in historically water abundant regions climate change together with population growth and economic development are processes that are expected to contribute to an increase in permanent and seasonal water scarcity in the coming decades. Previous studies have shown how policies

This study mostly aimed to modify the calculation process of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) to survey the droughts in arid and semi-arid areas. The selection of the best probability distribution functions, selection of the most appropriate probabilistic estimates to assign SPI values to zero precipitations, and recommendation of an appropriate precipitation time series arrangement at different

A piano key weir (PK weir) is a non-linear, labyrinth-type weir that benefits of a high discharge capacity, and is well suited for low head dams. Determination of the discharge coefficient (Cd) is considered as one of the most important issues, which plays a substantial role in reducing structural and financial damages caused by floods. The main aim of the present study is to experimentally investigate

In this study, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS), the sensitivity to the occurrence of different types of droughts including meteorological drought (Med), hydrological drought (Hyd), and agricultural drought (Agd) were evaluated. In this research, at first, some of the effective indicators in each type of droughts were selected (four indicators in Med, three

Adverse effects of climate change are increasing around the world and the floods are posing significant challenges for water managers. With climate projections showing increased risks of storms and extreme precipitation, the use of traditional measures alone is no longer an option. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) offer a suitable alternative to reduce the risk of flooding and provide multiple benefits

A large tank (1.4 m x 4.0 m x 1.3 m) filled with medium-coarse sand was employed to measure evaporation rates from shallow groundwater at controlled laboratory conditions, to determine drivers and mechanisms. To monitor the groundwater level drawdown 12 piezometers were installed in a semi regular grid and equipped with high precision water level, temperature, and electrical conductivity (EC) probes

Inevitable issues concerning the sustainability of groundwater resources are crucial under the present climatic situation. Therefore, the prevision of groundwater environments may able to reinforce the management system. In this respect present study considered a new method to predict long-term groundwater level framework as an alternative option of expensive physical models. The proposed Bidirectional

Climate variability highly influences water availability and demand in urban areas, but medium-term predictive models of residential water demand usually do not include climate variables. This study proposes a method to predict monthly residential water demand using temperature and precipitation, by combining a novel decomposition technique and gradient boost regression. The variational mode decomposition

Quality of meteorological data such as preciseness and accuracy has substantial importance while making inferences about natural hazards. Among all the natural hazards, drought hazard is a complex natural phenomenon. In this article, we have discussed the procedure of improving time series data of meteorological indicators for analyzing drought. Here, we considered auxiliary information-based sampling

Accurately simulating the dynamic evolution of the behaviors of different decision-makers (DMs) is essential for identifying solutions to transboundary water conflicts. The purpose of this study is to present a dynamic evolutionary analysis model for simulating the behavior of different water users and solving the problem of transboundary water conflicts. To accomplish this goal, a revenue function

Rainfall is one of the main causes of flash floods in mountainous watersheds. The critical rainfall, calculated by the rainfall patterns which represent typical rainfall processes, is an important index for the early warning of flash floods. However, due to the randomness and diversity of the rainfall process, the traditional single rainfall pattern is inconsistent with the actual diversified rainfall