Since the incorporation of PVC as pipe material in the second half of 20th century, its use in the design, rehabilitation and expansion of Water Distribution Networks (WDS) has been widely assimilated. However, materials with higher roughness were more commonly used and with these materials were carried out the studies on which are based the most used design equations (Colebrook-White, Darcy-Weisbach

Limited documentation exists regarding parameterization of SWMM’s permeable pavement module and whether the output is realistic, particularly for long-term simulations. In this paper, we evaluated SWMM’s ability to replicate discharge and evaporation from three lined permeable pavement stalls. An assessment of parameter sensitivity identified the permeable pavement module’s input parameters with the

ABSTRACT Applying life cycle assessment (LCA) to water distribution networks (WDNs) usually requires considerable reliable data, and neglecting specific parts could significantly affect the reliability of results. In this paper, a comprehensive life cycle inventory dataset was collected to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with the construction and renovation stages of WDNs. The aim is

New York City’s coastlines are a mosaic of natural and man-made habitats intermixed with housing and industry, all of which are extremely vulnerable to flooding, storm surge, and damaging wave action. Risks are projected to increase over time as sea levels rise, population grows, and the frequency and severity of extreme events increase. This paper investigates the potential role of green infrastructure

A stochastic hourly simulation model is developed for the synthesis of the rainfall pattern in the northern part of Jordan. The generation of synthetic rainfall data is an attempt to provide longer data sequences. The simulation model is based on statistical properties of rainfall data for three stations in the Northern region of Jordan for the period 1975–2004. The mean and variances of important

Asset management (inspection, maintenance and repair or replacement) of infrastructures represents a complex multidimensional problem and constitutes a topical subject for many cities (constrained budget, environmental requirements, risk mitigation …). In this paper, we developed an innovative approach to sewer system management. The proposed approach is based on a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA)

Assessing environmental threats being a consequence of floods from sewage systems is particularly relevant in light of climate change occurring in recent decades. The potential threats can be demonstrated only by hydrodynamic modeling. The main problem while simulating sewage systems operation is the selection of proper model rainfall. It should reflect the main characteristics of real rainfall phenomena

(2020). Flood risk management in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Urban Water Journal. Ahead of Print.

The paper proposes the design of the supervisory heuristic fuzzy control system applied to a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Based on real data records and the biological process and aeration system models, a control system for biological processes has been designed. The supervisory control system performs management of the reactor work cycle, determines the

(2020). Correction. Urban Water Journal. Ahead of Print.

Pressure management is one of the most efficient ways to reduce leaks in water networks. Conventional pressure management techniques in water networks deals with the control of a single boundary Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV). The real-world water network under study in this work has multiple internal PRVs within the DMA, which makes direct application of the existing pressure management techniques

Water distribution systems are critical infrastructure elements conveying water through thousands of kilometers of pipes. Pipes – one of the most critical elements in such systems – are subjected to various structural and environmental degradation mechanisms, eventually leading to leaks and breaks. Much of the literature on leak detection has focused on passive methods; recording and analyzing acoustic

Digital Twins (DTs) are starting to be exploited to improve the management of water distribution systems (WDSs) and, in the future, they will be crucial for decision making. In this paper, the authors propose several requirements that a DT of a water distribution system should accomplish. Developing a DT is a challenge, and a continuous process of adjustments and learning is required. Due to the advantages

This study examines the hydrologic performance of conventional and low-impact development (LID) stormwater approaches when implemented as retrofit measures in a highly urbanised catchment (10.23 km2). A hydrologic-hydrodynamic model was proposed to simulate different implementation scenarios. Rainfall data and downstream water level observations between 01/2016 and 02/2019 were used to calibrate and

Water companies have been working to introduce strategies to reduce discolouration customer contacts via non-specialist ‘business as usual’ practices. A greater understanding of discolouration material behaviour, however, is still needed to accurately inform the mobilisation response and regeneration rates in mains of different materials. The Variable Condition Discolouration Model (VCDM) that tracks

To restore streams degraded by urbanisation, bioretention basins (‘raingardens’) are implemented worldwide to reduce stormwater volumes, peaks flows and pollutant loads entering streams. While they are effective at this, their ability to mimic natural flow regimes has received limited field investigation. We monitored the hydrology and water quality of a bioretention basin during a three-year period

This paper presents a model, based on potential curves, that describes the behaviour of the inverse of the daily cumulated frequency of the flows provided to a District Metered Area (DMA). The model has two terms, the first corresponds to the variable consumption due to the aggregation of demand patterns of consumers. The evolution of this term presents periodic behaviours with annual and weekly frequency

The use of real-time control (RTC) as an adaptation technique for improving stormwater systems has been gaining attention in recent years for its ability to enhance water quality treatment and quantity management. An RTC retrofit of seven existing detention basins was simulated for a small (162 ha), an urbanized watershed in Blacksburg, VA. Two heuristic, reactive control algorithms were tested for

(2020). Capacity of urban springs to support emergency water needs, a secondary city case study: Kharkiv, Ukraine. Urban Water Journal. Ahead of Print.

Permanent partitioning represents one of the more effective approaches for an innovative management of water distribution networks (WDNs) because it allows simplification of the network control defining small subsystem defined as a district meter area (DMA) in which it is simpler to compute water balance, to achieve pressure management and to check water quality. The design of permanent water network

In recent decades On-site Stormwater Detention (OSD) systems have been implemented in many cities around the world. However, a few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of OSD policies. Therefore, this paper compared the use of OSD in Australian and Brazilian cities, evaluating aspects of regulations, technical details and management matters. The results showed that Australian OSD design guidelines

Water demand forecasting is an essential task for water utilities, with increasing importance due to future societal and environmental changes. This paper suggests a new methodology for water demand forecasting, based on model stacking and bias correction that predicts daily demands for groups of ~120 properties. This methodology is compared to a number of models (Artificial Neural Networks – ANNs

This study aims to evaluate the potential for potable water savings by modelling the hypothetical installation of a system that combines rainwater and greywater in a house. The system consists of using rainwater to wash clothes and then reusing the effluent to flush toilets. The potential for potable water savings and the tank capacity for rainwater storage were estimated using the computer programme

Hydrological response of an urban catchment to storm events is determined by a number of factors including the degree of urbanisation and distribution and connectivity of urbanised surfaces. Therefore, the ability of spatially averaged catchment descriptors to characterise storm response is limited. Landscape metrics, widely used in ecology to quantify landscape structure, are employed to quantify

This study presents a novel hybrid entropy-clustering framework for placing pressure sensors in water distribution systems (WDS) to detect leakage. Leakages are simulated at all potential nodes of WDS, and then potential pressure sensors (PPS) in WDS are classified using a K-means clustering algorithm. Transinformation entropy for each potential pair of PPS was also computed, which in turn helped to

The aim of rainfall prediction in urban areas is to provide information about precipitation, which may cause flooding resulting from the insufficient capacity of sewage systems. The research combined cluster analysis and support vector regression (CSVR) to create a simpler, and as effective as hybrid models, method predicting daily rainfall in Wroclaw, Poland. Results demonstrate that the clustering

Security of water distribution systems is of highest importance to public health. In this study, a novel dynamic hydrant flushing strategy is developed to remove the injected contamination mass in the shortest possible time after being detected by the sensors. The coupled EPANET-IHS simulation-optimization model is developed to determine the hydrant flushing strategies (the hydrant sets and their opening/closing

(2020). Financial winners and losers since the privatization of the English and Welsh water and sewerage industry: a profit decomposition approach. Urban Water Journal: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 224-234.

Water tanks have been built for decades and likely deteriorated over time. To ensure its integrity, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) e.g. drones with cameras are used for inspecting the elevated tanks and the images are collected for detecting defects such as cracks. To automatically detect and segment the defect in images, Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (Mask-RCNN) the latest convolution

(2020). Effect of reservoir elevation on energy consumption in water distribution systems. Urban Water Journal: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 266-272.

(2020). Correction. Urban Water Journal: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 86-86.

Water systems and particularly wastewater treatment may only improve or keep high-quality service if their performance is continuously measured and benchmarked against peers. This paper presents a case-study developed under the Portuguese Initiative on Water Quality, Treatment and Energy (iEQTA-WWTP), involving 7 water utilities, and focused on the performance assessment of 23 urban wastewater treatment

This paper aims to analyze the flood hazard in the city of Monza, which periodically suffers from overflows from both the river Lambro and the urban drainage system during wet weather conditions. A unified Urban Flash Flood Model of Monza is therefore developed to capture both sources of hazard. The model is first validated by comparing the results of simulations with historical data related to the

This work introduces WUDESIM, an open-source C/C++ toolkit for modeling water quality in the dead-end branches of drinking water distribution networks. WUDESIM is linked to the programmers’ toolkit of EPANET, a widely-used public-domain water network analysis model. In place of the advection-based water quality module in EPANET, WUDESIM allows the users to simulate water quality in the pipes of dead-end

The seasonal and interannual variations of total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (EC) were investigated in an urban tropical lake. Precipitation and flow rate were the controlling parameters influencing coliform dynamics. Correlations were obtained to describe the lake inlet conditions of flow rate, TC and EC. While TC increased with flow rate, EC slightly decreased. This unexpected behaviour for

ABSTRACT Water demand forecasting is a crucial task in the efficient management of the water supply system. This paper compares classical and adapted machine learning algorithms used for water usage predictions including ARIMA, support vector regression, random forests and extremely randomized trees. These models were enriched with human mobility data to improve the predictive power of water demand

In a water distribution system, maintenance is an essential pillar to ensure that an efficient service is provided and to combat problems such as real water losses. Managing such a system’s maintenance needs involves multiple stakeholders, subjective variables, and requires a learning process to find a solution. Structuring the problem can provide clarity for the situation under analysis, especially

A new optimization technique called Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is applied for the least cost design of pipe networks. The rounded search agents of the algorithm were considered to cope with the discrete nature of pipe diameters as the decision variables in the optimization process. In addition, a new performance indicator based on both number of generations and the minimum number of evaluations

Optimal operation of pumping stations in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is presented based on three conflicting objectives, including 1) pumping energy costs, 2) hydraulic reliability, and 3) quality reliability. We proposed a three-objective optimization algorithm called Clustered Non-dominated Archiving Ant Colony Optimization (Clustered-NA-ACO) and evaluated the efficiency of this algorithm

In this study, the effect of infiltration on overland flow is explored by incorporating infiltration into the flood routing equations. Particularly, different types of infiltration methods, i.e. the Horton Method, the Integrated Horton Method and the Infiltration Index Method are integrated into the kinematic wave equation. Infiltration capacity curve and infiltration rate are calculated along with

In Southern Europe numerous areas suffer water scarcity. For public policies to be effective, a thorough study of water users must be conducted. This paper aims to analyse the key factors that influence the decision of industrial users in urban areas when choosing between withdrawing water from underground sources or using water supplied through the public network. Using a database of industrial firms

Urban water management (UWM) strategies are difficult to implement in the urban space due to conflicting professional objectives and lack of communication tools. We explore stakeholders, objectives and indicators for urban water management and urban planning to make UWM relevant for other urban disciplines. Stakeholder analysis was applied to systematically identify stakeholders and their objectives

Many water utilities are facing a crisis of aging infrastructure. Aging pipes are deteriorating, and pipe breaks are increasing. A variety of pipe break prediction models have been developed to identifying which pipes are most likely to break next, in order to assist utilities in prioritizing pipe replacement. This paper investigates the role of data in pipe break prediction model accuracy. A gradient

Construction and demolition (C&D) waste generated in the process of urban development has rapidly increased in recent years around the world in large quantities without proper reuse, resulting in negative environmental impact. Adsorption experiments were carried out by using red brick, burn-free brick and concrete brick, respectively. Results indicated that the hydraulic conductivity was influenced

ABSTRACT Sediment transport in sewer systems is an important issue of interest to engineering practice. Several models have been developed in the past to predict a threshold velocity or shear stress resulting in self-cleansing flow conditions in a sewer pipe. These models, however, could still be improved. This paper develops three new self-cleansing models using the Evolutionary Polynomial Regres

This study investigates the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in a home in Blumenau, southern Brazil. The water end-uses were estimated based on frequency and time of use of the water appliances. The water flow rates were measured using containers and a stopwatch. Besides the estimated water consumption, daily measurements were taken using a water meter. The water consumption estimated

To select optimal LID in urban areas, an optimization assessment framework considering hydrological processes and cost-effectiveness is proposed. To provide the desired runoff reduction efficiencies, hydrological processes of LID were analyzed using a probabilistic analysis of rainfall event characteristics. Meanwhile, life-cycle costs were estimated to determine benefits and costs of implementing

We present a weighted sum model to calculate the risk index, which is equivalent to a priority index for the replacement of pipes in a network. This index is based on two factors related to pipe condition (probability of failure and supply pipe leakage flow), and three factors related to the consequences of pipe failure (non-served demand for supply pipes, maximum evacuation flow for sewer pipes, and

(2020). Correction. Urban Water Journal: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 184-184.

Water-related hazards such as water scarcity may be mitigated by considering interbasin and intersectoral transfers of freshwater, and by promoting the use of non-conventional water resources. This paper deepens on key driving factors able to define the benefits and barriers of a water exchange among agricultural and urban-tourism activities as a mechanism to reduce water scarcity risk in the Marina

This paper proposes a hybrid modelling approach for early urban flood warning and forecasting purpose. The hybrid model structure proposed combines a deterministic sewer model with a probabilistic logistic regression model. By varying the sewer model structures from complex hydrodynamic models to simple conceptual models, different hybrid models are constructed in order to accommodate different levels

Wastewater-source heat pump (WWSHP) applications to wastewater collection systems provide an attractive option for recovery of thermal energy. Although the idea is not new, there are few if any existing studies that talk about how the WWSHP location relative to the collection system influences efficiency. We used a wastewater collection system model and cost-benefit analysis to examine the payback

A novel pressure-based leakage assessment and characterisation method was applied to a range of bulk pipelines in the field to evaluate the practical application of the method. With this method, the testing equipment, which consists of a variable speed pump unit, a water tank and measuring equipment, all mounted on a trailer, was connected to a bulk pipe which could be isolated. Flow was then introduced

Appropriate control of pressure is a significant engineering concern in the management of pipeline systems. Pressure fluctuations caused by water hammers can cause substantial damages, such as ruptures and bursts in pipelines. The generation of vaporous cavitation at a pressure lower than the vapor pressure introduces column separation in the flow regime. The appropriate installation of a pressure

Water supply systems (WSS) in developing countries present high water loss and energy consumption rates, thus strategies for conservation of these resources are needed. The challenge is to define which strategies offer better results based on multiple criteria and on the different interests of the stakeholders involved. The objective of this study is to apply the decision support tool, named Water

Anew and simple model for sizing surge vessels on pumping mains has been developed. The Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is utilized to generate 2000 realizations for various cases of up- and down-surges. Approximate models are developed for the prediction of the initial and the expanded vessel’s gas volume. The developed models outperformed the existing design charts; yielding better scores in various

Sustainable urbanization in semi-arid cities of third world countries like India demands an Integrated Urban Water Management System for sustainable water supply. Physical availability of water is rarely a determinant of good drinking water supply. To understand the associates and determinants of water supply, a micro-level has been done along the urban-rural continuum of two semi-arid cities, showing

Arid and semi-arid areas are often subject to sudden and flash floods, causing extended damages to the population and infrastructures. This paper presents a method for flood assessment in the Zat watershed (sub basin of the Tensift catchment) via 10-minute numerical modeling using the HEC-HMS numerical model. To illustrate the calibration and the validation process four flood events recorded during

The Arab region is characterized by water scarcity, extreme droughts and floods. This paper aims to utilize the global datasets of rainfall, evapotranspiration (ET), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites and Data Assimilation of GLDAS to assess the spatiotemporal variability of water resource components over the Arab region. The results

Rapid urbanization, as observed in many regions of the world, poses special challenges, among them the diminution of flood risks and the protection against flash flood hazards. In order to evaluate flood risks, it is eligible to construct flood maps and necessary to update them regularly. For such purpose, advanced flood simulation tools are available that deliver accurate results in a short time with