ABSTRACT In this paper, we attempt to answer the following questions: Which factors determine college students’ water-saving behaviors? The answer can enable colleges to take targeted water management measures to promote water-saving behaviors of students. Based on the theory of planned behavior and the combination of attitude-situation-behavior theory, this paper built a comprehensive theoretical

ABSTRACT In order to analyze the effects of freeze-thaw environment, multi-scale analysis (macro to micro) was applied to study the sustainable service performance for porous asphalt pavement in Sponge City (PASC). Based on the molecular simulation theory, the asphalt-water (ice) interaction was studied at the micro in the paper. Combined with the results of temperature melting and contact angle in

ABSTRACT In this paper, a new method is developed to consider the effect of pipe roughness, diameter and nodal demand uncertainty on the overall reliability of the Water Distribution networks (WDNs) throughout the day as well as the planning horizon. For this purpose, probabilistic series for each of the mentioned parameters is generated by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). Network Pressure Reliability

ABSTRACT This paper presents a case study demonstrating the process used to develop an overland flow model of radionuclide transport following an aerosol deposition from a hypothetical radiological dispersal device explosion. The process included the integration of digital elevation, building, and land cover information with hydrologic information from a calibrated Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)

ABSTRACT This study undertook a survey on the perception and status of water sanitation and hygiene within pointe-Noire Town and Tandou-Boma Village in the Republic of Congo using the novel Conventional and SERVQUAL-AHP models under the existing COVID-19 pandemic. It also highlighted the challenges experienced in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic under the existing water sanitation and hygiene (WASH)

ABSTRACT Sustainable urban stormwater management (SUSM) is essential to urban sustainability. However, barriers to adopting it are observed even in places where SUSM is more widespread. Recent studies have evaluated strategies for overcoming some barriers. However, no study has systematically analyzed the strategies available for overcoming the most common barriers in developing countries. Thus, this

ABSTRACT Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) presents a process towards the objective of a water-sensitive city. An integrated approach requires community acceptance to implement WSUD at household level. An exploratory comparative survey was conducted amongst 250 households across Cape Town and Pretoria, South Africa, to determine actual uptake of rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling systems and

ABSTRACT A technical solution is developed to control stormwater runoff from plots in order to mitigate pluvial flood risk. Climate change alters precipitation patterns, which increase a risk for urban drainage systems (UDS) operating above their design limits. Therefore, feasible solutions are needed to retrofit UDSs to new climate conditions. In this study, street storage units (SSU) are coupled

ABSTRACT This article introduces methods used for the assessment and prediction of water distribution network (WDN) reliability. A failure rate expressed as the number of failures per operating day is considered to be the basic measure of the achieved WDN reliability level. The proposed method is based on the assumption that information about WDN failures is available in the form of long-term time

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of drinking water in 28 homes of Merida and 7 municipalities of its Metropolitan Zone, in Yucatan, Mexico. The organochlorine pesticides (OCP) were investigated since it represents important health risks. The karst groundwater in Yucatan is vulnerable due to the easy infiltration of contaminants. The use of prohibited OCP in agriculture and

ABSTRACT Management of flood risk remains a major problem in many urban environments. To generate the data needed for estimation of the flood risk, catchment models have been used with the reliability of the predicted catchment response for design flood estimation dependent upon the model calibration. However, the level of calibration required to achieve reliable design flood estimation remains unspecified

ABSTRACT A 3D computational fluid dynamics model based on a volume of fluid (VOF) approach is presented to simulate air-water interactions and transient pressures in T-junction pipes of urban stormwater drainage system. The effective heat transfer due to compressible air pocket, and various k-ε and k-ω turbulence models, are considered to account for the potential energy attenuation during air-water

ABSTRACT This study investigates the treatment of saline domestic wastewater using nanofiltration (NF) and activated carbon (AC) adsorption. The permeate flux behavior during NF was influenced by the type of organic matter (OM) model (glucose vs. alginate), as well as its concentration and solution chemistry. The observed rejections of OM were within the range of 73% to 80% for glucose and 95% to 99%

ABSTRACT Certain sewer deterioration modeling approaches, represent the condition of a pipe as the sum of individual defect severities, leading to the loss of spatial information about defects in the pipe. This paper proposes a hybrid framework for incorporating spatial information of defects into the analysis of sewer pipe condition. The first component of the framework is called Defect Cluster Analysis

ABSTRACT Model-based evaluation of real time control and model predictive control strategies is often performed by estimating the yearly reduction in combined sewer overflow (CSO) volumes. This requires sufficiently long data series, but the necessary input data are often lacking in the case of complex control strategies. This article compares a new method to extrapolate yearly CSO volume reduction

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel model for predicting the sediment transport rate during flushing operation in sewers. The model was developed using the Evolutionary Polynomial Regression Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (EPR-MOGA) methodology applied to new experimental data collected. Using the new model, a series of design charts were developed to predict the sediment transport rate and the

ABSTRACT The water consumption of hotels varies greatly from one to another and can depend on many factors such as category, country, climate, size, hotel facilities (spas, swimming pools, gardens, kitchens, laundry, etc.), occupation, and so forth. Five-star hotels are responsible for large amounts of water consumption in the hotel industry, and this has an impact on water consumption in the Canary

ABSTRACT Fractals have been identified as a common feature in many natural and artificial networks that exhibit self-similarity of the topological patterns, i.e. different parts of the system have similar structures to each other as well as to the whole system. This study investigates the fractality in water distribution networks (WDNs) and the application of the fractal property in WDNs analysis.

ABSTRACT To evaluate the performance of Real Time Control (RTC) of urban drainage systems (UDS) a comparison is made with the pre-RTC situation, making the RTC performance dependent on the functioning of the UDS prior to implementation. To standardise things, a generalised baseline is formulated here as the operation with optimal static settings of the UDS. Two maximum theoretical potential performances

ABSTRACT Urban stormwater systems consist of structural characteristics including topological structure, pipe capacity, low impact developments and storage tanks, and these characteristics are important in the planning and the retrofitting stage. Therefore, this study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of each structural characteristic for enhancing resilience, based on simulation of massive virtual

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze different human behavioral components and the data collected from several households regarding their water consumption to fathom public demeanor better and underscore the need for efficacious governmental strategies. To investigate this phenomenon, we mapped the human behavioral components with a view to evaluating water consumption in Qatar. These

ABSTRACT In flats where there are gas water heaters, there is waste of water at the beginning of a shower due to the large lengths of pipes between the showerheads and heater. This paper analyses the financial feasibility of implementing an automated system that saves such water. This paper also shows how the system prevents such waste. In six flats, by collecting cold water at the beginning of a hot

ABSTRACT The study evaluates the wastewater treatment plant reconstruction via the Grey Water Footprint methodology. The application was tested on a medium-size wastewater treatment plant discharging water into a small watercourse. The 6-year monitoring was assessed. The assessment included a period before and after the reconstruction when a capacity was increased and the treatment technology had been

ABSTRACT Needs for extending the principles of a sustainable urban drainage approach to the winter season with snow and pollutant accumulations have been so far unanswered. One of the first steps to remedy this situation is to make available a prototype snow management tool (PSMT) described herein. It is a simple empirical spreadsheet tool, as yet untested, which uses generally available input data

ABSTRACT The water balance resilience to extreme climate change scenarios in Hydrologic Similarity Areas (HSA) is evaluated in the Belém catchment, Brazil. We used HadGEM2-ES statistically downscaled with the CMhyd tool under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 to simulate climate scenarios. The AquaCycle model was used to simulate effects on the water balance. Climate modeling

ABSTRACT The water and sewerage industry in England and Wales had undergone several reforms since its privatization. To evaluate to what extent they had impacted on the performance of water companies, an input distance function and its derived cost share equations was estimated. This allowed measuring technical efficiency, economies of scale and cost complementarities between water and sewerage services

ABSTRACT Traditional hydrological objective functions may penalize models that reproduce hydrograph shapes well, but with some shift in time; especially for urban catchments with a fast hydrological response. Hydrograph timing is not always critical, so this paper investigates alternative objective functions (based on the Hydrograph Matching Algorithm) that try to mimic visual hydrograph comparison

ABSTRACT Urban water consumption can be analyzed by means of applied research to help promote the development of environmentally sustainable cities. In this study, water consumption models are established for multifamily residential buildings in Southern Brazil using multiple linear regression analysis and cross-validation techniques. Sociodemographic and building characteristics were analyzed in a

ABSTRACT This paper investigates emerging models of governance for shared water resources in decentralized urban regions in Indonesia and draws on a case of inter-local government collaboration for shared water resources in Cirebon region, Indonesia. The paper points to cooperation practice involving a mixed-model of governance for sharing water. by identifying a series of requirements for mixed governance

ABSTRACT This research uses a hybrid dynamic DEA model to measure the expense efficiency of wastewater treatment improvement by taking account of both the initial time and location gap between regions as a slack factor in a developing country. We empirically examine the expense efficiency of wastewater treatment by combining radial and non-radial methods, employing a radial measurement to evaluate

ABSTRACT In regulated industries, such as the water industry, it is of great significance to estimate productivity change as it helps policy makers to evaluate the effectiveness of regulatory regime and industry performance. In this paper, and for the first time, a translog input distance function was used to estimate and decompose productivity change into several components such as technical efficiency

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a new method for model calibration. The model calibration procedure is applied on water networks for leak detection and can be used for other inverse and model calibration problems. The calibration process uses Artificial Neural Networks to transform the measurements to a fixed network. This technique is compared to the conventional strategy where Artificial Neural Networks

ABSTRACT Reducing imperviousness connectivity by low impact developments or receiving pervious area (RPA) has been a regular strategy for runoff mitigation. However, the effects of RPA properties in combination with imperviousness connectivity on runoff have not been fully discussed. In this study, two kinds of RPA are defined according to ponding volume: retention-dominated and conveyance-dominated

ABSTRACT The spatiotemporal correlations typically exist between the monitoring data provided by the devices distributed at the water distribution system (WDS). The leakage detection method featured by the utilization of the spatiotemporal correlation of the monitoring data had been proposed in our previous study and parameter settings have a significant impact on the detection performance of the method

ABSTRACT This paper develops a discharge allocation model for public water supply for a set of communities, considering available and planned reservoirs and interbasin transfer projects. Reservoir operation rules were defined for maximum water withdrawals in function of the storage volume over a period of 45 years, and then the discharges to be transported from the different sources to 18 locations

ABSTRACT To quantify the discharge capacity of grate inlets causing urban flooding due to insufficient drainage capacity, 285 experiments for six grate inlets under different approaching discharges, transverse and longitudinal slopes conditions were conducted using 1:1 scale experiment. These experiments indicated: (1) A smaller approaching discharge or a larger transverse slope leads to a higher interception

ABSTRACT Many water utilities offer price caps to reassure consumers about future prices. Researchers have focused largely on the implication of price caps on total cost of ownership or conservation rather than consumers’ preference for such guarantees. In this paper, we examine consumers’ preferences for price caps. We first consider how consumers form expectations about their water prices, and secondly

ABSTRACT In this article, the entire energy embodied in a sewage system has been estimated. The concepts of LCC, LCA and EE have been taken into consideration. The estimation of this energy is calculated from the moment of extracting the raw materials, through its transportation, to the making of a final product. The choice of materials and production technology is an important aspect here. This article

ABSTRACT Disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation in water distribution networks (WDNs) is a common type of water quality failure. A reliable DBPs modeling can be a way to prevent a water quality failure. In this study, generalized regression neural network (GRNN)-based models were developed to predict the occurrence of three unregulated DBPs i.e. dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloropropanone (TCP)

ABSTRACT Runoff (re)mobilises solids and their associated pollutants from streets and transports them via gully pots to the drainage system. As the solids negatively impact the performance of the drainage systems, knowledge on the solids loading in terms of mass and composition is essential. However, monitoring data on the solids loading, in particular, covering all seasons and a number of sites, is

ABSTRACT An existing water distribution network (WDN) may need to be expanded by adding a sub-network for the newly developed areas. The size of the problem becomes larger when the stochastic nature of domestic demands, optimal design and layouts, control, and operation of various hydraulic components are considered. In this study, the single-port Thevenin theorem used in electrical circuits is applied

ABSTRACT The goal of this paper was to analyze changes in the spatial pattern of metals in water and determining the factors that may be associated with that distribution using the asymmetric eigenvector maps and redundancy analyses in the Matanza Riachuelo river (MRR), Argentina. Data from 2008 and 2014 of metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb), water quality parameters and land cover variables

ABSTRACT Green infrastructure (GI) distribution from 1995 to 2018 was interpreted based on Normalized Differential Vegetation Index threshold method. According to the leaf area index and soil bulk density, the canopy storage capacity and soil storage capacity of GI were calculated, and the total rainwater storage capacity of GI in different years in Shenyang was evaluated. The area of GI shows a trend

ABSTRACT This study developed the concept of a dual strategy combining the inline and branching techniques; used to upgrade the capacity of existing steel pipe-based hydraulic systems, with respect to the compromise between the attenuation of surge-magnitude and the limitation of period-expansion of the pressure-wave oscillations. Basically, this concept was based on adding a plastic short-penstock

ABSTRACT The influence of quantitative and qualitative population conditions needs to be jointly considered in the assessment of urban water demand. Through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), quantitative and qualitative conditions can be jointly analysed to obtain the patterns or recipes that explain the hypothesis tested. This work assesses the influence of water price, income level

ABSTRACT Stormwater tunnels often have massive geometries, with conduit lengths of several kilometers and a wide range of diameter sizes. Modeling rapid filling of these systems is a complex task and needs adequate methodology. One model used in hydraulic analysis of stormwater tunnels is the EPA’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). However, model setup conditions related to a pressurization algorithm

ABSTRACT The reliability of water distribution system (WDS) involves imprecise or uncertain parameters. For hydraulic reliability, the uncertain parameters include roughness coefficient, nodal water demand, and the reservoir water level, etc. While water quality reliability is primarily related to chlorine concentrations, with uncertainty parameters including both bulk decay coefficients and wall decay

ABSTRACT Poor mixing is considered to be the main reason for stagnation in water tanks. This can pose threats to public health. Internal tank piping with sprinklers (distributed outlets) has been previously proposed to avoid flow stagnation. This study is the first to use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling to investigate more cases and come up with design suggestions. The CFD modeling results

ABSTRACT LID methods have been longly considered to manage urban runoff and improve water. In this research, attempts have been made to obtain the optimal size, type and location of LIDs considering the long-term condition of rainfalls in an urban catchment. The results have been compared in three scenarios: normal, wet and dry conditions in terms of annual rainfalls. For this purpose, LIDs including

ABSTRACT In developing countries, intermittent water supply (IWS) regimes have become a usual mode for operating the water supply systems. The reasons and adverse impacts (inequitable supply, deterioration of pipeline and so on) of the IWS regime are well documented in the literature; however, limited work is available on solutions to improve the IWS regime. Here, we propose the application of multi-outlet

ABSTRACT Hazards act upon vulnerability and exposure to create disaster risk. Despite the growth of disaster risk assessments, the number of approaches that develop vulnerability and exposure studies is still small when compared with hazard modelling. In fact, limited studies have considered the relationship between vulnerability and exposure variables and how this can change future management actions

ABSTRACT The flow patterns in a street are investigated in the case of flow exchanges with the sewer. The experimental facility includes one street and one circular pipe located below eventually connected by one or two drains. Compared to the runs without drain or with drainage, overflow creates a strong (up to 50%) increase of the streamwise velocity in the street, particularly, near the bottom, and

ABSTRACT This paper presents a multi-criteria decision support methodology for selection and prioritization of rehabilitation intervention in urban water infrastructures considering performance, cost and risk and a long-term perspective. This methodology is divided into three main stages: problem identification, structuring and evaluation. Problem structuring, a crucial stage for the outcomes, includes

ABSTRACT Water monitoring programs are essential tools for planning and management, but their associated costs can present challenges, especially in the developing world where funding is tight. This paper addresses the use of data mining techniques in the periodic review of monitoring programs by analyzing the capacity of these techniques to reduce the number of monitored variables. This methodology

ABSTRACT The removal of heavy metal ions from stormwater runoff is a global issue. One of the critical solutions is the selection of innovative adsorbent used in stormwater bioretention systems. The potential use of water treatment residuals (WTRs) containing polyaluminium chloride and anionic polyacrylamide to remove divalent lead ions (Pb2+) and divalent copper ions (Cu2+) from stormwater was investigated

ABSTRACT Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) can play a multipurpose role, contributing to the management of rainwater runoff, in addition to the water supply. This article assessed the potential reduction in stormwater runoff by adopting small-scale RWHS in the Brazilian semiarid region based on the Curve-Number (CN). RWHS could minimize runoff in frequency and volume, leading the built environment

ABSTRACT Vietnamese cities are highly vulnerable to urban flooding as a consequence of climate change and rapid urbanisation. In this study, current and future pluvial urban flood hazard was assessed for Ha Tinh city. Climate scenarios were obtained after statistical downscaling by applying a quantile-perturbation approach on ensembles of 170 global and 20 regional climate models. Flood impact analysis

ABSTRACT Urbanization can negatively affect residents’ health and wellbeing. Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is increasingly advocated as a win-win strategy for addressing multiple urban problems. Literature quantifying GSI benefits is growing, but it is unclear how it performs in arid and semi-arid cities. This study, co-designed with practitioner partners in Phoenix, Arizona, evaluates the

ABSTRACT Water distribution network are energy-demanding systems affected by low efficiency. In such systems, the pressure is generally kept under control by regulation valves to reduce the waste of water due to the leakages. The employment of energy production devices may be an efficient strategy to both reduce waste of water and produce energy, whose feasibility basically depends on the amount of

ABSTRACT This study addresses the stormwater management challenges and opportunities in the recently growing city of Bojnord in the northeast of Iran assessing six Low Impact Development (LID) stormwater management alternatives using hydrological, social and economic criteria through a questionnaire survey and modeling effort. Hydrological and economic effects were assessed using the SWMM model and