The water pollution emission inventory is a fundamental decision-making tool that links emissions and water quality. However, accurately quantifying the emissions is challenging, due to the variety of contributing sources, complexity of methods for calibration and validation, and lack of moderate spatio-temporal resolution. Over the last two decades, tremendous efforts have been made to improve the

Activated carbon/CuO (AC/CuO) composites were prepared through a facile one-step hydrothermal method and used as a bifunctional material for adsorption and catalysis degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The obtained AC/CuO exhibited excellent adsorption

In the long-distance water supply system, the air tank can effectively protect the water hammer when the pump stops, and the shape parameters of the air tank determine the protective effect. Based on the theory of rigid water body and harmonic vibration, this paper derived the calculation formulas for the surge and bottom pressure changing process of the air tank in the system with and without friction

This study investigated a novel method for increasing desalinated water mass in solar desalination plants. For this purpose, solar panels and a cylindrical parabolic collector (CPC) were used to raise basin water temperature. The effect of different components of basin solar still on freshwater mass was also investigated. The aluminum basin has been associated with maximum water desalination among

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) removals linked with empty bed contact time (EBCT), temperature and backwash strategies are important for biologically active filter (BAF) application but remain not entirely clear. In addition, there is still a lack of understanding about the bio-regeneration of MC-LR adsorption capacity in a BAF. This study examined MC-LR removals by a granular activated carbon-biologically

Plastic material pipes such as high- or low-density polyethylene (HDPE or LDPE) are increasingly used in new or renewed water supply systems. Therefore, analysis of water hammer surge-waves initiated into such piping systems deserves investigation. The 1-D pressurized-pipe flow model embedding the Ramos formulation was used to describe the flow behavior in the elastic and plastic pipe-based hydraulic

The main source of drinking water for rural communities in India is rainwater harvesting ponds. These ponds do have a sand filtration system for turbidity removal, but the bacteriological quality of these ponds is not under compliance in most cases. In this context, Pattikadu village in Kancheepuram District (Tamil Nadu, South India) was chosen as the study area. It was observed that the biological

This paper presents the outcomes of research on managerial decisions that were made as a first reaction to the economic crisis caused by the SARS-Cov-19 virus (the coronacrisis). The research was carried out among 116 companies from the water supply sector operating in Poland that includes water supply and sewage. The results indicate which elements were perceived by managers as key factors for survival

Prechlorination is the most common strategy for zebra and quagga mussel control in drinking water treatment plant intakes in the Great Lakes region. Although effective and inexpensive, chlorine can form regulated disinfection byproducts. Two potential alternatives to prechlorination were evaluated for mussel control: peracetic acid (PAA) and EarthTec QZ, a copper-based product. Pilot-scale experiments

Ammonium contamination in water is a major concern worldwide. This study focuses on the removal of ammonium from aqueous solution by batch adsorption experiments using biochar derived from a combination of various wood chips (spruce, pine, and fir). Adsorption characteristics of ammonium onto biochar were evaluated as a function of biochar dosages, initial concentrations of ammonium, contact time and

Automation and real-time control have long been used in urban wastewater systems. However, there is a critical need to review how real-time control contributes to sustainable water management. This review provides a systematic review of the role of real-time control towards creating a sustainable wastewater system. This review identifies the social, economic and environmental pillars of sustainability

Given the continuous aging of pipeline infrastructure buried underground, water utilities need to make a strategic plan on how to maintain the entire water distribution systems (WDSs) to ensure the required standard of supply. This paper investigates the nexus of three key factors that have a significant impact on the decision-making process of the rehabilitation plan for WDSs. The factors considered

Serving as the last barrier to secure drinking water safety, household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) is perceived as an interim measure for removing pathogens from drinking water and reducing disease risk. In recent years, the application of HWTS has shown a growing trend, and its performance in controlling chemicals has also received much attention. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed

Effective flood risk management strategies require a detailed understanding of the source, extent and impact of flooding. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) enable detailed and accurate data collection that can be used to determine flood source, extent, impact and the presence of property level flood resistance measures. This paper draws on the practical experience of the authors including the use of

As we rapidly modify the environment around us, researchers have a critical role to play in raising our understanding of the interactions between people and the world in which they live. Knowledge and understanding of these interactions are essential for evidence based decision-making on resource use and risk management. In this paper, we explore three research case studies that illustrate co-evolution

Both the distance between the upstream and downstream cities and the capacity of urban water infrastructure would affect the water safety of the cities in the catchment. In this work, the concept of safe distance for urban growth was proposed. If the water quality between the upstream and the downstream cities can meet the functional requirements of the water environment, then the distance between

Stormwater harvesting for residential and non-residential reuse is an important and crucial aspect to reduce freshwater demand to address climate change, population growth and urbanisation challenges. It is important that freshwater be conserved as much as possible through capturing rainwater and stormwater and using these resources for fit for purpose end uses such as irrigation of public open parks

In the context of smart city development and rapid urbanization worldwide, urban water supply system (UWSS) has been of vital importance to this process. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the transient flow research for UWSS management. This review consists of two aspects as follows. The first aspect is about the development and progress of current transient theory, including transient

This paper presents novel equations for different wall build-up types in old pipes developed for the estimation of real flow velocities in a water distribution system (WDS). This is important when estimating the contamination propagation rate in an operational WDS. Because the inner surface geometry of old rough pipes is complex, real velocities cannot be estimated by conventional WDS models. Therefore

Lifecycle cost optimization for a pipeline network with medium-sized pipes is performed considering steady and unsteady flow conditions. Genetic algorithms are used to generate a wide range of hydraulically acceptable solutions and search for the most economical solutions. The impact of each cost component on the total cost is determined in this study. The decision variables include the pipe diameter

The application of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence technology as a rapid microbiological activity monitor within a potable water system has been demonstrated. ATP measurements were taken pre- and post-infrastructure improvements within a watershed and throughout two potable water systems from source to tap. A reduction in ATP, as measured by relative light units, was identified post-infrastructure

Hydroxyapatite powders were synthesized according to a wet precipitation route and then subjected to heat treatments within the temperature range of 200–800 °C. The prepared samples were tested as sorbents for cadmium in an aqueous medium. The best performances were obtained with the material treated at 200 °C (HAp200), as the relevant sorbent textural features (SBET – specific surface area and Vp

In recent years, desalination has been turned into a fresh water supply as a solution in some areas which suffer from water shortage. Desalinated water as an industrial product causes environmental problems. The objectives of this study are investigating environmental sustainability indicators related to seawater desalination via reverse osmosis (SWRO) on the coastline of Hormozgan province to provide

One of the six major meteoric lakes in the world, Lake Bosomtwe, is of great ecological significance for Ghanaians and the scientific community, most importantly for agricultural and human consumption. Water samples (n = 30) were collected to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of the lake. Statistical methods including correlation, principal component, cluster analysis,

This study assessed the bacteriological quality of dug well waters from Jashore district – an arsenic affected area of Bangladesh. A total of 58 dug wells (42 installed by a government organization (GO) and 16 installed by a non-government organization (NGO)) were sampled in the dry and wet seasons. The samples were evaluated for total coliform (TC), faecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)

This article took fluoride in shallow groundwater of a township in southwestern China as the research object. Fifty sampling points were set up in the studied area. The fluoride was tested by the ion-selective electrode method. The health risk model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was used. Based on the Chinese population, human health risk assessment was performed

Membrane backwash is one of the most widely used membrane regeneration techniques in large-scale desalination operations and water and wastewater treatment applications. It is necessary in order to enhance membrane life and is critical in managing the cost of pure water. The estimation of optimal backwash conditions is very important for improved hollow fiber membrane (HFM) operations. A unique feature

Water shortages and pollution in China are severe situations caused by rapid economic development and urbanization. The current water-conservation policies focus on implementing new technologies and management strategies at important spatial nodes while neglecting the significance of the response from the community and the public. In this paper, the elements that influence the public participation

Accurate estimating of daily streamflow forecasting is one of the prominent topics in water resources activities. In this paper, an integrated method including decomposition technique based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) combined with multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) was carried out to predict daily streamflow values. Daily streamflow value datasets collected from

Unidirectional flushing is a widely used method to remove sedimented particles from water distribution systems and prevent water discolouration events. However, it shows low efficiency in cases of high pressure losses, usually requires large volumes of water, and does not remove incrustations. Air scouring is known for being very effective in particle removal with minimal impacts from pressure loss

This study focused on designing a drinking water systems sustainability index for Integrated Water Resources Management in low-income countries. Water Supply Systems Sustainability Index (WSSI), a field assessment tool, was designed for rapid appraisal of drinking water systems in selected urban, peri-urban and rural Nigerian communities. The systems were classified into Highly Sustainable, Sustainable

Desalinated water is becoming a significant resource in many countries. With limited water supply, several high-demand sites located far from the desalination plant and an efficient and cost-effective transmission and storage network have become critical. In many areas, desalinated water is not delivered efficiently through a pipeline and storage tank system capable of providing safe and cost-effective

To remove higher proportions of natural organic matter (NOM) in water treatment plants, over dosing of Al-based coagulant is frequently applied. However, this leads to the risk of an excess of coagulant residue in the clean water. In this study, sequential coagulation with polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and FeCl3 was proposed to improve the removal of NOM as well as to minimize residual Al. Single dosing

Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka depends on groundwater for drinking water. Supply of clean drinking water has become limited due to overuse of agrochemicals, widespread use of pit latrines, and seawater intrusion. The aim of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay for the attributes of water quality and supply. One hundred and twenty households were randomly selected in the study area. A choice

Floc properties can be controlled only by selecting a coagulant type and adjusting mixing parameters. However, optimization of mixing is widely overlooked. Well-chosen mixing conditions increase floc separation efficiency, which decreases the operating costs of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This paper presents guidelines for designing mixing parameters in water treatment. Special attention

Microcystis sp. is one of the most studied genus of cyanobacteria worldwide. Once it has been identified in raw water, frequent analyses of cell density and toxic metabolites (microcystins) are recommended at the water treatment plants. However, both analytical procedures are highly time-consuming and labor-intensive, allowing the potentially contaminated finished water to reach customers. The identification

Removal of iron(II) from groundwater by aeration and rapid sand filtration (RSF) with the accompanying production of drinking water sludge in the preparation of drinking water from groundwater, and chemical well clogging by accumulation of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) precipitates and biomass after mixing of oxygen containing and of iron(II) containing groundwater, are identical processes. Iron(II) may

Many industries produce 2,4-dimethylphenol (DMP) compound in the wastewater which is persistent, toxic, and carcinogenic. Therefore, an adsorbent was prepared by carbonizing a dried Sargassum boveanum macroalgae. The prepared biosorbent was investigated for adsorptive removal of DMP from aqueous solution. After carbonization, the biochar derived from S. boveanum macroalgae (BCM) removed almost 100%

This research work aimed to investigate the degree of quality of tap and bottled waters available in Al-Madinah city through an experimental program comprising chemical, physical and biological tests. The study included examining the quality of the water supply network components such as taps, underground storage tanks and feeding pipes of the network. Filtration influence on the tap water was investigated

Residual aluminum in drinking water is widely concerning due to its potentially harmful effect on human health and drinking water distribution systems. The fate and fractionation of aluminum and the factors influencing residual aluminum in a full-scale Al-based drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) was presented in Jiaxing, China. The results showed that treated water residual aluminum concentration

Clean and safe drinking water for all is an essential requirement for the world in which we want to live, but a majority of the population has been dependent on groundwater for its daily needs. Toxic contamination of such water could result in large-scale health effects. A great proportion of groundwater suffers from the problems of nitrate, fluoride, and arsenic contamination. Thus, the present research

The inland lakes in arid regions, especially the terminal lakes, are highly sensitive to the influence of human activities and climate change. In order to analyze the evolution of the area of water in Ulungur Lake (Buluntuohai Lake, Jili Lake) and the main causes of those changes, 3S technology, satellite data preprocessing, water extraction and database construction methods are combined with consideration

Different leakage detection technologies present different efficiency and precision of leakage detection in water distribution systems due to their own properties. This study aimed to investigate the use of acoustic sensors to locate the exact position of leaks, which work 24 hours per day in different modes, i.e. fixed installation and mobile exploration. The results showed that the maximum distance