To understand the influence of complex hydrodynamic loads on tidal turbines, laboratory testing is necessary as a first approach. Previous laboratory work undertaken gave an indication that the use of speed control strategies may disguise the associated loading range that a turbine may be subjected to when this is operated with a variable speed control strategy. However, the preceding work was undertaken

The power captured by a wave energy converter (WEC) can be greatly increased through the use of a well-conceived wave-by-wave control strategy. Optimal strategies including Model Predictive Control (MPC) rely on a dynamic model of the WEC and prediction of the wave excitation force several seconds into the future. Both the modelling and prediction processes are subject to errors. This study investigates

Freshwater organisms are facing threats from various natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Using data sampled on a nationwide scale from streams in South Korea, we identified the crucial environmental factors influencing the distribution and abundance of freshwater gastropods. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling and the random forest model to evaluate the relationships between environmental

Accurate forecast of hydrological data such as precipitation is critical in order to provide useful information for water resources management, playing a key role in different sectors. Traditional forecasting methods present many limitations due to the high-stochastic property of precipitation and its strong variability in time and space: not identifying non-linear dynamics or not solving the instability

Wooden fences are applied as a nature-based solution to support mangrove restoration along mangrove coasts in general and the Mekong Delta coast in particular. The simple structure uses vertical bamboo poles as a frame to store horizontal bamboo and tree branches (brushwood). Fence resistance is quantitatively determined by the drag coefficient exerted by the fence material on the flow; however, the

Effective precipitation plays an important role in crop growth, and subsoiling may have an impact on the effective precipitation of farmland. The question how subsoiling influences effective precipitations has prompted this research. The major objective of this study was to quantify the effect of subsoiling on effective precipitation of farmland. The main soil type in the study area is loam. Six scenarios

Rainwater-harvesting (RWH) agriculture has been accepted as an effective approach to easing the overexploitation of groundwater and the associated socioeconomic impacts in arid and semiarid areas. However, the stability and reliability of the traditional methods for selecting optimal sites for RWH agriculture need to be further enhanced. Based on a case study in Tehran Province, Iran, this study proposed

Wetlands are environments whose water balance is highly sensitive to climate change and human action. This sensitivity has allowed us to explore the relationships between surface water and groundwater in the long term as their sediments record all these changes and go beyond the instrumental/observational period. The Lagunas Reales, in central Spain, is a semi-arid inland wetland endangered by both

International water institutions worldwide consider integrated water resources management (IWRM) to be the most sustainable way to manage water. Governments have modified their legal and institutional framework in order to apply integrated water management tools in the river basin. Institutional challenges are common in federations due to complex power sharing at national and subnational levels. This

Accurate and reliable estimates of water levels are essential to assess flood risk in river systems. In current practice, uncertainties involved and the sensitivity of water levels to these uncertainties are studied in single-branch rivers, while many rivers in deltas consist of multiple distributaries. In a bifurcating river, a feedback mechanism exists between the downstream water levels and the

Water application uniformity is an important performance parameter when designing and operating an irrigation system. Performance tests of a center pivot irrigation system equipped with fixed and rotated spray plate sprinklers (FSPS and RSPS, respectively) were conducted at five travel speeds. The effects of travel speed, collector size, and setting height on water application uniformity were evaluated

Precipitation estimates from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are uncertain. The uncertainties can be reduced by integrating precipitation observations into NWP models. This study assimilates Version 04 Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) Final Run into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model data assimilation (WRFDA) system

Fungi are an important, yet often, neglected component of the aquatic microflora, and is responsible for primary decomposition and further processing of organic matter. By comparison, the ecological roles of terrestrial fungi have been well-studied, but the diversity and function of fungi that populate aquatic environments remain poorly understood. Here, the impact of urbanization on fungal diversity

Flow measurements were performed in the altered Yeongsan estuary, Korea, in August 2011, to investigate changes in flow structure in the water column and turbulence characteristics very close to the bed. Comparison between the bottom turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was conducted to examine how discrete freshwater discharge affects the bottom sediment concentration

This paper focuses on regional integration through the lenses of the Water–Food–Energy (WEF) nexus, a concept putting strong emphasis on cross-sectoral and multi-level interactions as well as on resource interdependencies. There is an extensive amount of published research focusing on the Aral Sea basin. In this paper, the authors build upon these different contributions and provide a meta-analysis

The proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewaters are well-established factors that contribute to the reduced potency of antibiotics used in healthcare worldwide. The human health risk associated with the proliferation of ARB and ARGs need to be understood in order to design mitigation measures to combat their dissemination

This paper presents an extended Model Predictive Control scheme called Multi-objective Model Predictive Control (MOMPC) for real-time operation of a multi-reservoir system. The MOMPC approach incorporates the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) and the receding horizon principle to solve a multi-objective reservoir operation problem in real time

The identification of aquifer parameters (i.e., specific yield and hydraulic conductivity) and forcing terms (recharge) is crucial for the process of modeling groundwater flow and contamination. Inversion techniques allow the unravelling of complex systems’ heterogeneity with more ease than manual calibration by computing parameter fields through an automated minimization between simulated and measured

In the present study, we choose the Weishan Lake, one of important water transfer and storage lakes on the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWD) in China, to clarify how the community structure and assemblage-environment relationships of macroinvertebrates varied across three typical habitats (the River Mouth, Canal and Lake regions) over the four seasons in 2012. A total

The objective of this research was to apply the flood vulnerability assessment to ungauged reservoirs for prioritizing and evaluating the reservoir rehabilitation according to climate change. The flood vulnerability index (FVI) can quantitatively compare the flood vulnerabilities of the analysis targets and can be used for the relative comparison of hydraulic structures to determine the reinforcement

Water resources planning and management depend on the quality of climatic data, particularly rainfall data, for reliable hydrological modeling. This can be very problematic in transboundary rivers with limited disclosing of data among the riparian countries. Satellite precipitation products are recognized as a promising source to substitute the ground-based observations in these conditions. This research

Environmental sampling plays an important role in quantitative and qualitative investigation of plastic pollution. Rivers are a major source, carrying plastic litter into the oceans. Microplastic sampling in riverine and coastal environments is often a challenging task due to limited access, time taken, costs, human resources, etc. Our present study evaluated the performance of newly developed sampling

The concentration of chemical and biological parameters in the ecotone of the surface microlayer (SML) occurring between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere of urban water bodies was investigated. Parallel, sub-surface water (SUB) analyses were carried out to compare the SML properties with the water column. The concentrations of trace metals, macronutrients, nutrients, chlorophyll a, pheophytin, abundance

The ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development, and forest ecosystem nature reserves play an important role in the protection of the ecological environment. The evaluation of forest ecosystem nature reserves facilitates the formulation of relevant management policies. At present, the evaluation of the ecological environment of forest ecosystem nature reserves is mainly

Rain gauges continue to be sources of rainfall data despite progress made in precipitation measurements using radar and satellite technology. There has been some work done on assessing the optimum rain gauge network density required for hydrological modelling, but without consensus. This paper contributes to the identification of the optimum rain gauge network density, using scaling laws and bias-corrected

Bays are coastal environments with significant socio-economic importance, which has led to the development of human interventions in their interior that can have an important impact on the water and wave dynamics, which in turn modify their morphodynamics and water renewal capacity. In order to deepen our understanding of these impacts, numerical modeling was used in a bay in southern Spain to analyze

Nowadays, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is an integral part of the marine industry. In this study, the hydrodynamic performance of a specific model of ROV is evaluated by numerical and experimental simulations in different Reynolds numbers ranging from 39291 to 157163 and various angles of attack from 0° to 45°. Moreover, two rectangular cubic models with fillet and sharp edges are modeled for comparative

The present study investigates the mechanism of the after-runner surge on the coast of the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam, due to Typhoon Kalmaegi 2014 landfalling at Quang Ninh province using a coupled model of surge, wave and tide forced by asymmetric and symmetric wind and pressure fields. It is found that the after-runner surge is mainly caused by tailwinds of the typhoon, generating the maximum surge

The coupled tide-surge and wave model was established for the coast of Taiwan and applied to simulate the storm surge during typhoon events. To prove the capability and availability of the coupled model, the model was calibrated and validated with measured water levels, atmospheric pressures, wind speeds, wave heights, and wave periods at different gauge stations under different historical typhoon

An increasing number of ships are being equipped with sensors and devices for monitoring of operational behavior, and the amount and access to operational data is gradually increasing. Due to various reasons described in this paper, the operational data may contain erroneous data points that are critical to assess prior to performing data analysis or building mathematical and statistical models. In

India has taken up an ambitious goal to double the average income of agricultural households from 2015 to 2022. This mammoth task requiring a sharp accelerated annual growth of over 10% would have to harness all possible sources of growth within as well as outside the agricultural sector and will need strong inclusive measures in the irrigation sector such as water productivity, participatory irrigation

The spatial and temporal distribution of agricultural water requirement can provide a scientific basis for regional drought and disaster mitigation management and optimal allocation of irrigation water resources. The irrigation water requirement and irrigation water requirement index of the Hebei Plain during 57 years were calculated by a long series of data of 22 weather stations from 1961 to 2017

Based on statistical data of the average abundance of microplastics from 37 global freshwater locations up to November 2019, we classified the freshwater bodies according to developments in their local countries and geographic positions. We highlighted the differences and causes of microplastic pollution in the waters of both developed and developing countries and urban and rural areas. The results

Until now, there was no simple procedure to test the performance of water quality indices (WQIs) or, in other words, to perform their meta-evaluation. The purpose of this study is to provide a meta-evaluation approach of two widely used WQIs and suggestions for selecting one or both of them for application in groundwater quality assessment as proposed by the European Union. The meta-evaluation concept

Nutrient losses from agricultural fields have long been a matter of concern worldwide due to the ecological disturbance this can cause to surface waters downstream. In this paper a new design concept, which pairs a surface-flow constructed wetland (SFW) with a woodchip bioreactor (WB), was tested in relation to its capacity to reduce both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads from agricultural tile

Soil moisture is a critical parameter in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models because it plays a fundamental role in the exchange of water and energy cycles between the atmosphere and the land surface through evaporation. To improve the forecast skills of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in Xinjiang, China, this study investigated the impacts of soil moisture initialization on

A study of a microalgae–bacteria treatment system was conducted in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) by combining a precultured native algae Nannochloropsis gaditana L2 with spontaneous municipal wastewater microorganisms. Two types of agitation, air mixing (AI) and mechanical mixing (MIX), were assessed at continuous illumination (L) and photoperiod cycle light/dark (L/D). The obtained consortium,

Agricultural reservoirs play such a central role in supplying water to rural areas that it is essential to properly estimate the design flood for agricultural reservoirs under climate change. The objective of this study was to estimate the inflow design flood interval using a non-parametric resampling technique for agricultural reservoirs under climate change. This study suggested an alternative method

The effective forecast and warning of pluvial flooding in real time is one of the key elements and remaining challenges of an integrated urban flood risk management. This paper presents a new methodology for integrating risk-based solutions and 2D hydrodynamic models into the early warning process. Whereas existing hydrodynamic forecasting methods are based on rigid systems with extremely high computational

This study describes an economic model in the Guadalquivir river basin (Southern Spain) that considers inter-sectoral and hydrological effects of changes in water use as a response to various water-pricing policy scenarios. The main economic variables include water use, gross regional product, return flows in the river basin, and employment at sectoral and basin levels. The response of the different

Urban flooding in developing countries represents a growing threat to sustainable development efforts, yet the tools needed to study these infrastructure systems in data-scarce environments are woefully inadequate. This study seeks to propose a standardized approach and methods for mapping urban drainage systems in developing communities. The research draws on a case study from the Philippines, which

Here, we provide a numerical model that assigns an identification number to trace sediments and also identify the source of sediment supply. We analyze the efficacy of our model by reproducing the reach-scale field observations from flooding events in 2010 and 2016 that affected Kyusen Bridge over the Bebetsu River, Hokkaido, Japan. Our simulation results can successfully reproduce and trace the formation

The evaluation and quantification of solids transport in Morocco often uses the Universal Soil Loss Model (USLE) and the revised version RUSLE, which presents a calibration difficulty. In this study, we apply the MUSLE model to predict solid transport, for the first time on a large river basin in the Kingdom, calibrated by two years of solid transport measurements on four main gauging stations at the

As more and more water projects are built on rivers, the flood control operation becomes more complex. Studies on the optimal flood control operation are very important to safeguard human life and property. This study focused on optimizing the operation of a complex flood control system composed of cascade reservoirs, navigation-power junctions, flood storage areas, and flood control points. An optimal

Evaluating the impact of climate change on water resources is necessary for improving water resource management and adaptation measures at the watershed level. This study evaluates the impact of climate change on streamflow in South Korea using downscaled climate change information based on the global climate model (GCM) and hydrological simulation program–FORTRAN model. Representative concentration

The proper management of a municipal water system is essential to sustain cities and support the water security of societies. Urban water estimating has always been a challenging task for managers of water utilities and policymakers. This paper applies a novel methodology that includes data pre-processing and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) optimized with the Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA-ANN)

In this study, kaolinite, carbon black (CB), iron sulfide (FeS), hydroxyapatite (HAP), and oyster shell powder (OSP) were selected as potentially ideal amendments to immobilize metals in sediment, including Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Hg. In aqueous batch experiments, the five adsorbents were tested for capturing the five potential toxic metals individually at various concentrations. HAP and OSP showed the

To develop intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, it is necessary to calculate annual maximum rainfall intensities for different durations. Traditionally, these intensities have been calculated from the analysis of traces recorded by rain gauges on pluviograph strip charts (PSCs). For many years, these charts have been recorded and analyzed by the personnel who operate and maintain the pluviograph

The aim of this research was to use the standardized runoff index (SRI) with a three-month timescale (SRI-3) to analyze hydrological drought risk in two arid river basins characterized by different runoff regimes, Northwest China. Based on SRI-3, hydrological drought levels for different events were defined through run theory. The hydrological drought risk in the two study basins was then comprehensively

Flow past a circular cylinder fitted with a rear rigid wavy plate at a low Reynolds number of Re = 150 is first numerically studied in this work. The effects of the plate length and the surface undulation on the hydrodynamic forces and vortex shedding behavior of the circular cylinder are examined. The mean drag coefficient and the fluctuation of lift coefficient are reduced up to 27.5% and 54.9%,

The original version of this article unfortunately contains mistakes in equations 1 and 2.

The machine learning models (MLMs), including support vector regression (SVR), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), boosted regression trees (BRT), and projection pursuit regression (PPR) are compared to traditional method i.e. nonlinear regression (NLR) in regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA). In this study, the Karun and Karkheh watersheds, which is located in the southwestern of Iran

Despite the popularity of the permeable pavements in urban areas in recent years, a few empirical equations have been developed to estimate the time of concentration (Tc) on pervious surfaces, and almost none of them is evaluated over the permeable pavements. In this paper, we aim to investigate the effect of low impact development (LID) on Tc and develop a new equation for estimating overland flow

In this paper, the movement of the water surface with macroscopic particles during a dam break flow using the volume of fluid (VOF) methods and the DPM and MPM models were numerically simulated. The numerical simulation is based on the averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and was closed by the LES turbulent model, representing by the incompressible viscous fluid flow, equations for the phase and particle

For the construction industry, timely and reliable information on current and future rain information is vital for enabling forecasters to make accurate and timely forecasts and to allow appropriate construction operations. Because construction works are often delayed during typhoons, a useful scheme for rain forecasts during typhoon periods is highly desirable. This study developed a regional extreme

The growing population has resulted in the need for new alternatives that guarantee water supply to the population. Among the alternatives, there is the individual system for capturing and utilizing rainwater. The objective of this article was to test a municipal policy that makes it mandatory to implement the system and to attest how much it can optimize the current public water supply system through

Since the incorporation of PVC as pipe material in the second half of 20th century, its use in the design, rehabilitation and expansion of Water Distribution Networks (WDS) has been widely assimilated. However, materials with higher roughness were more commonly used and with these materials were carried out the studies on which are based the most used design equations (Colebrook-White, Darcy-Weisbach

Limited documentation exists regarding parameterization of SWMM’s permeable pavement module and whether the output is realistic, particularly for long-term simulations. In this paper, we evaluated SWMM’s ability to replicate discharge and evaporation from three lined permeable pavement stalls. An assessment of parameter sensitivity identified the permeable pavement module’s input parameters with the

This paper presents an experimental study on scour at complex bridge piers exposed to combined waves and current. Regular waves were produced with various strength and superimposed on co-directional current with constant velocity. The key parameters tested and discussed include Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number, relative current strength Ucw, pile-cap elevation, and pier skewness. The scour hole patterns

Changes in the hydrological process caused by urbanization lead to frequent flooding in cities. For fast-growing urban areas, the impact of urbanization on the hydrological process needs to be systematically analyzed. This study takes Zhengzhou as an example to analyze the impact of urbanization on the hydrological process based on 1971–2012 hourly rainfall-runoff data, combining Geographic Information