In this study, the aeroelastic active control of a suspension bridge was studied using both experimental and numerical methods. Two flat plates attached on either side of the suspension bridge were used as the control surfaces. With a suitable rotation of the control surfaces, the turbulent flow around the bridge was modified, thus addressing the problem of aeroelasticity. An appropriate feedback control

The construction of bridge substructures by in-situ assembly of precast concrete segments provides significant benefits in quality control and economy, but their seismic stability is always a concern. Incidentally, prefabricated components have long been used in building tall pagodas for thousands of years in China. Among the pagodas that have survived numerous centuries, the timber pagodas are believed

The present study proposes a practical yet reliable model for stay cables in cable-stayed bridges considering large force variation under seismic actions. The proposed model is capable of approximating the nonlinear equivalent stress-strain relationship of cables, taking into account the variation of equivalent modulus of cables during the earthquake as well as possible cable loosening. The cable performance

The context of this study is the shear strengthening analysis of a concrete beam using a new natural material. This paper presents the experimental results of the shear reinforcement of concrete beams with a flax fiber reinforced polymer (FFRP) using the External Bonding method (EB) and the Near Surface Mounted method (NSM). A total of 16 beams were tested with three point bending tests. The beams

This study assesses experimentally and numerically the cyclic loading response of reinforced concrete beams with web openings and shear-flexure strengthened carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets using an external bonded technique. The influence of the beams on the reverse cyclic effect including the parameters of the hysteretic failure modes, stiffness degradation performance, energy dissipation

The axial compressive behavior of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) columns with a chamfered section was investigated using 15 specimens with lengths varying from 600 mm to 3000 mm; all considered samples had same square cross section of 100 mm × 100 mm with 10 mm chamfers at each corner. Axial compression tests were carried out to analyze the impact of slenderness ratios on failure modes, strain and ultimate

Using microwave heating technology to assist concrete recycling have great potential for improve the quality of recycled concrete aggregate. Unfortunately, there are few studies explored on the properties of concrete incorporating microwave treated coarse aggregates. This study aims to investigate the performance of coarse aggregate after microwave treatment and to evaluate the properties of the resulting

Concrete-filled stainless steel tubular composite columns are used in the structures. It is important to define the structural behaviour of this type of columns. This paper presents experimental and theoretical studies of eccentrically loaded concrete-filled stainless steel tubular composite columns. The column specimens were manufactured with high strength outer stainless steel tube, in-filled concrete

This study aimed to investigate the structural behavior of castellated beam-column steel elements. The benefit of castellation laid in increasing the section’s depth to induce an increase in the moment of inertia Ix and the section modulus Sx without the slightest increase in the element weight. Most of the previous researches focused on castellated beams but only few concentrated on beam-column elements

Ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) has been widely adopted in the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams and slabs due to its excellent mechanical properties and durability. Although many studies have been conducted on the mechanical behaviours of RC structures reinforced by UHPFRC, the mechanical behaviours of UHPFRC-reinforced RC structures in a combined force state

Bridge fires are a major concern because of their social and economic consequences when bridges have to be closed to traffic. The concern for life safety is not significant as there are minimum reported fatalities during a bridge fire but can result in a huge economic and social consequence. Despite the frequency and consequences of bridge fires, they have been the subject of very few studies and are

This study examines the suitability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for refined load rating estimation and bridge management. Bridge management for girder bridges commonly relies on AASHTO line girder (1D) analyses. Less conservative, more rigorous methods are permitted by AASHTO, but provide uncertain return on investment. This study demonstrates that a small set of refined analyses, coupled

Studies conducted after Northridge and Kobe earthquakes have shown that brittle failures in connections and members of structures led to extensive and catastrophic damage. Consequently, evaluation of critical points in a structure, controlling, and mitigating the seismic responses of structures, and avoiding structural damage such as low-cycle fatigue are needed. In this study, an adaptive control

The environmental impact of traditional Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete is a significant problem that requires urgent solutions in the construction industry. The development of geopolymer concrete is one of the most significant breakthroughs in the process of replacing OPC concrete. Through comprehensive experimental and numerical analyses, this study investigates the structural behaviours

The performances of timber frames with loose connections under lateral load is studied in this paper with an analytical friction-slip-contact model of the mortise-tenon (MT) connection with gaps where different contact states between the mortise and tenon are described. The nonlinear contact behavior within the joint is modelled via an analytically formulated hybrid finite element with a MT connection

There are several algorithms for determining control forces of active devices in civil engineering structures. Uniform distribution of deformations theory is a structural concept which mainly focuses on equalizing deformations in order to promote the utilization of ductility capacity of structural elements thereby mitigating damages to a structure. In common active control algorithms, deformation uniformity

CFRP ropes are relatively new and cheap materials that can be used in strengthening and rehabilitating RC elements. This research was designed to investigate the experimental behaviour of heat-damaged and unheated RC beams strengthened and retrofitted using near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber polymer (CFRP) ropes. Ten RC beams were tested under a four-point loading test. Five beams were subjected

Assuming that damages to buildings in earthquake are repairable, retrofitting them is not always economically justified. As an alternative solution, buildings can be designed such that damages are limited to only easily repairable elements. One of the structural systems that provide this possibility is the post-tensioned self-centering moment resistant frame. In self-centering structures, after the

In this study, the applicability and conservativeness of current Eurocode 8 (2004) provisions for the design of ductile reinforced concrete (R/C) shear walls are evaluated. Apart from adequate strength supply, a successful design also requires that the provided section curvature ductility should satisfy the respective demand. The Code, striving to maintain a balance between ease of application and

In engineering structures, steel strands can be subjected to dynamic loads associated with earthquakes, vehicle impacts, explosions and other special circumstances occurring in addition to static loads and resulting in higher strain rates. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanical performance of steel strands subjected to dynamic loads at high strain rates. In this study, first

Near Surface Mounted (NSM) fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars is an effective technique of improving the performance of timber beams. Despite the potential of NSM technique, literature remains limited, whilst there is not any standard method for the prediction of the NSM FRP timber flexural capacity. Extending the pool of experimental data and thus the understanding of FRP strengthened timber structures

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is produced from renewable bio-composite material and has been gaining popularity in building industry largely due to easily customised panellised construction technique, which is fast, efficient, minimises construction risk and waste. CLT is often considered as a sustainable alternative to traditional construction materials, and can be used to complement steel and concrete

The analysis and design of structures sensitive to second order effects require the consideration of initial imperfections. Scaffold structures, due to their low stiffness, are very sensitive to second order effects. The accuracy of the design of these structures relies in part on the estimation of initial imperfections affecting the structure. In the 1960s, the C.E.C.M., the European Convention of

Viscous dampers (VDs) connecting adjacent multi-story buildings are significantly useful not only for preventing severe earthquake-induced pounding, but also for mitigating the response of buildings. In the current study, in addition to utilizing viscous dampers, enhanced hybrid active tuned mass dampers (EHATMDs) are used at the top of asymmetric buildings and active tendons (ATs) are used at the

Fundamental concepts of the developed site load-factor approach for the assessment of existing bridges are introduced in this contribution. The method is complemented by the calibration of the partial factors accounting for uncertainties. The calibration is crucial for the simple application of the method in concordance with semi-probabilistic approaches commonly presented in design guidelines. As

In practical timber engineering, various problems widely exist in the current reliability assessment for the bearing capacity of components. Improving the current assessment standards of timber components has important guiding significance for their design and repairing optimization. Considering the long-term load effect and the latest code GB50005-2017 of timber structures with a new resistance coefficient

Eurocode (EC3) bending moment design model of mono-symmetric corrugated web girders (CWGs) is based on the critical failure mode among the tension flange yielding, the compression flange yielding and the lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) of the compression flange. Recently, LTB behaviour of S460 laterally-unrestrained mono-symmetric CWGs with fully-effective flanges has been investigated by the authors

Material efficiency is not currently a common driver of building design. Indeed, in previous studies, we estimated that 12% of the mass of steel used in structural frames would be saved by more accurate specification of steel members. However, this inefficiency is not the main reason structural frames are light or heavy. We show here for the case of steel structures that it is the layout of the grid

In order to ensure the continuity of the production process and avoid health, security, and ecological problems, the protection of the liquid storage tanks (LSTs) in industrial complexes against earthquakes is vital. Although base-isolation is successful in protecting LSTs from the detrimental effects of far-fault earthquakes, it is challenged by large-amplitude and long-period velocity pulses observed

The reinforcement and repair of historical wooden structures is very important because they reflect the socio-economic structure and architectural construction techniques of the period it was built. In this study, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips were used to improve the mechanical behaviors of old wood (OW) samples that were damaged over time because of various environmental effects and

As part of a research on structural response of modular buildings and assemblages, this experimental study investigates the effects of gypsum sheathed light-gauge steel stud walls on the natural dynamic characteristics of modular steel frames. A full-scale volumetric steel module is instrumented with sensitive accelerometers connected to a data acquisition system, to study the effects of different

To study the wind force of super high-rise buildings with hexagonal section, a series of wind tunnel tests of synchronous pressure models were carried out. The alongwind force coefficient, as well as the power spectral density (PSD) and the RMS base moment of crosswind force were studied. Thereafter, the empirical formulae of wind force were established. Meanwhile, wind tunnel tests of multiple-degree-of-freedom

This paper presents an FE and theoretical study on bolted ball-cylinder (BBC) joint, which mainly consists of a circular tube welded to a solid hemisphere. As a new type of jointing system for non-purlin grid structures, BBC joints may be subjected to compressive, tensile and bending loads. A non-linear FE model was developed and its reliability was verified by the experimental results from existing

The self-tapping screw connectors are widely used in Cold-formed Steel (CFS) construction due to their rapid fastening with automatic power driving and ease of installation via a self-drilling process. However, there is a lack of a robust numerical method for the modelling of behaviours of screw fasteners bearing against steel sheets, where the connections can undergo different failure modes including

To reduce the amount of reinforcement and control crack width, ultra-high strength rebar reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composites (UHSRRE) beams are considered a promising choice. A model is developed for predicting the flexure deflection of UHSRRE beams in service stage based on internal force equilibrium and the compatibility of deformation. In this model, the bilinear stress–strain model for

Corrugated plates are gaining increasing attention from researchers based on their recent extensive use in structural engineering, thanks to their potential to provide lighter and more economic structures. However, tests on the flexural behaviour of trapezoidally corrugated web girders (CWGs) are still scarce in the literature. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to provide the fundamental behaviour

The seismic performance and design method of fabricated concrete bridge piers limit their applications in complex and harsh environments. In this study, a continuous bridge pier in an 8-degree seismic fortification intensity area was considered as a prototype. Two 1/3-scale models were designed and manufactured. The specimens were connected via a grouted sleeve connections (SFP) and a grouted sleeve

Vehicle collision is occurred in the ground level of buildings accidentally or intentionally. This event is a common scenario of generating structural damages. In some cases, these damages usually have not been retrofitted. Therefore, these initial damages influence on the future behavior of buildings under natural events. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate the performance of buildings

An efficient and accurate beam element for performing explicit dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete beam elements was built using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). Such a formulation is useful for performing dynamic analysis under large strains and displacement with sudden load changes, such as during impact loading or for progressive collapse analysis. Compared with traditional

The post-earthquake emergency response depends on the traffic efficiency of the transportation network system. The bridge is the key factor affecting the reliability of the transportation network. Due to factors such as low design standards and performance degradation, the bridges built in the early days had low seismic performance. In fault regions, the pulse effect will also increase the seismic

In order to realize the damage identification of the bridge, a method based on the correlation of vehicle-induced response of the bridge is proposed. Firstly, using the measured vibration responses of the bridge under vehicle load, damage indexes based on Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient and Kendall correlation coefficient are defined, respectively. Then, the proposed

The enormous environmental impact of construction is becoming increasingly apparent and unacceptable to many structural engineers, whose designs typically account for the majority of a building’s embodied carbon. It is timely, therefore, that consensus is forming around a methodology for calculating embodied carbon. This encourages the inclusion of all life cycle stages, from material production and

In this numerical study, four different graphene sheets distributions, such as uniformly distributed (UD), functionally graded (FG-X), functionally graded (FG-O), and functionally graded (FG-V), are considered for the free vibration of graphene reinforced composite (GRC) stiffened plate. The graphene is distributed through the thickness of the GRC stiffened plate. The volume fraction of graphene is

This paper presents a parametric study to evaluate the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the constant-strength inelastic displacement ratios (CR) of self-centering single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems characterized by flag-shaped hysteretic behavior. The elastic homogeneous soil half-space below the foundation is simulated according to the concept of Cone model. Intensive nonlinear

Lateral responses of a pile are governed by its mutual interaction with the supporting soil, known as the Pile-Soil Interaction (PSI), which in turn influences its structural limit states. The present study evaluates the seismic limit states for bridge pile in sand, while incorporating the parametric influences of pile and soil assessed through PSI. Such influences have not been dealt with in the past

The shear lag of the box girder section of a wide box bowstring arch bridge was investigated in this study. The finite element analysis software Midas Civil was used to discretize the bridge into separate entities, establish its spatial model, and analyze the law of shear lag effect in the longitudinal direction during the main construction stage and the completion stage separately. The shear lag effect

This research paper conducted a hysteretic behavior simulation on a single-span and single-storey frame composed of prestressed concrete-encased steel beams and concrete-encased concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns. The hysteretic parameters of stiffness degradation, strength degradation and pinching behavior for members were suggested according to tested results. After that, an analytical model

A novel method for bamboo scrimber strengthening timber beams with anchorage structures was proposed. Bamboo scrimber was adhered to the bottom of the timber beam and anchored with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) or wooden pins. Through the bending tests of eight reinforced beams and two control beams, the effects of different forms of anchorage and thicknesses of bamboo scrimber on the strengthening

Software users concerning seismic analysis of buildings usually use the concentrated mass (ML) matrix and the Rayleigh damping matrix (C). Similarly, the initial stiffness matrix (KO) and the first two modes are commonly used to calculate C. In addition, it is commonly believed that damping forces are small so there are no significant errors if the Rayleigh model is used. The evaluation of the accuracy

In order to make the main cable saddle structure lighter and reduce the cost, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the force transmission path, failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity of the main cable saddle. A parametric geometric model was established based on Autodesk Inventor software and imported into the large-scale general-purpose finite element software ABAQUS for numerical simulation

In this work, we present a new 2D Reduced model capable of taking into account the coupling between local instabilities and global buckling which occur in sandwich structures. To establish this model, we use a multi-scale approach based on the technique of Fourier series with slowly varying coefficients which allows transforming a 2D sandwich model into 2D Reduced model, of which only the envelope

In the current work, a series of seismic analyses of asymmetrical small, low-rise 3-D reinforced concrete (R/C) buildings is executed along with the investigation of the effect of deformable soil on the seismic structural response. The time-history analyses are performed by using earthquake accelerograms in two horizontal and one vertical direction, while the elastoplastic behavior of R/C elements

Elliptical concrete-filled stainless steel tubular (CFSST) columns are high-performance composite columns that have the enormous potentiality to be used in composite construction in the near future. However, to date, limited studies on the performance analysis of such columns under axial compression have been performed taking into account the accurate material laws of stainless steel and the confined

This paper presented the process of implementing and developing a novel damage detection approach on beam like-structure using modal parameters. In Theoretical Modal Testing (TMT), the mode shapes, mode shape curvatures and natural frequencies were extracted by formulating differential equations of motion of un-cracked and cracked beams. In Experimental Modal Testing (EMT), the transient excitation

FEMA P695 proposes quantification of soil-structure effects as a field of research to adjust the collapse margin ratio. The Winkler foundation with elastic and inelastic stiffness is used to address interaction effects. Three-, nine- and 20-story steel moment-resisting frame buildings are selected, and the collapse margin ratio of the buildings for site classes C and D are evaluated. The nonlinear

Provisions aimed at stability design have been drawn up by various countries according to many previous researches and their own practice. However, calculated results based on different codes greatly differ. Stability design for the steel compression members of steel bridges in four codes adopting the partial factor design method were outlined and comparatively analysed in this study. Calculation methods

The influence of infills on the seismic response of frame structures has been long recognised. On the one hand, the presence of infills may be beneficial, due to their contribution to dissipate energy. On the other hand, irregular infill distributions in plan or elevation can lead to concentration of the displacement demand in localised parts of the building. It is noted that the lack of one or more

The progressive collapse resistance of four full-scale special-shaped columns composed of concrete-filled steel tubes (S-CFST column)-steel beam assemblies was studied in this paper. The failure modes, deflection profiles, vertical resistance development mechanisms and internal force development at the assumed plastic hinge section under the influence of infilled concrete, various span-to-height ratios