Welded hollow spherical joints are comprehensively used in spatial steel structures. However, the original joints cannot meet the strength requirements in some conditions, such as the corrosion, the fire and the change of structural load. Therefore, it is necessary to explore effective methods of strengthening the joints to maintain the durability and safety of the structures. This paper proposes and

In this paper, a novel damage identification approach based on differences in modal rotation fields obtained from shearographic measurements of structures and post-processed with the 2D continuous wavelet transform-based algorithm is presented. It is shown that the baseline approach, which assumes analysis of differences in modal rotation fields, allows to improve the sensitivity of a method to damage

A 20 storied Reinforced Concrete (RC) Moment Resisting Frame (MRF) has been analysed and designed by Force Based Design (FBD) method and the Performance Based Plastic Design (PBPD) method. The PBPD frames were designed for all the three performance levels namely Immediate Occupancy, Life safety and Collapse Prevention of the basic safety objective. The guidelines of the Indian Standard codes along

Shape memory alloys (SMA) have just recently made their way into structural design, and through studies have proved to be quite effective in increasing a structures strength and performance. Earthquakes are one of the most chaotic natural disasters that occur around the world, significantly impacting infrastructure to the point where cities lose their ability to function as bridges and hospitals are

The structural imperfections, namely, the residual stresses, are generated during most manufacturing processes involving material deformation, heat treatment, machining or processing operations. The intensity and distribution of residual stresses are dependent on the techniques used in the production of steel sections (welding, rolling or cold formed techniques) and their dimensions. An appropriate

Cemented Material Dams (CMDs) have drawn much attention over the last two decades. This study aims to assess the performance levels and capacity of CMDs using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) with emphasis on the tension failure mode. To this end, Tobetsu dam in Japan was subjected to a set of 17 ground motion records scaled to increasing intensity levels until failure. Then, by considering IDA curves

Measured signals from installed sensors on structures cannot solely provide beneficial information about the presence of damage. Many signal processing methods have been developed to extract useful data from raw signals. However, each method has its advantages and disadvantages. In the present study, the fast S-transform signal processing method has been used for the damage detection of structures

The beam-column joints are the most critical and vulnerable part of the RC framed structures when subjected to earthquake load. The objective of the present study is to investigate the cyclic behaviour of seismic and non-seismic exterior reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints strengthened with innovative polymeric based geosynthetic materials. Two variants of geosynthetic material named geogrid

Seismic soil-pile foundation-structure interaction (SSPSI) especially in soft clay or liquefaction susceptible ground was reported as a key factor in seismic design by many investigators. Present study attempts to examine the influence of SSPSI on design response of pile foundation supported building structure embedded in soft clay through scaled model experiments using shake table. Study considers

Corrugated web girders (CWGs), nowadays, are widely used as bridge girders all over the world thanks to their superior shear resistance compared to I-girders with transversely-stiffened flat webs (IPGs). Additionally, it has been recently found that the out-of-plane stiffness of CWGs increases their lateral-torsional buckling resistance. However, based on the authors' experience, the literature does

The paper addresses the free vibration problem of a laminated composite sandwich plate with compressible core, placed at the bottom of a tank filled in with fluid. The analysis is performed based on the extended higher order sandwich plate theory (EHSAPT). First-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used for the face sheets. Cubic and quadratic polynomials are used to describe the in-plane and transverse

The interaction between structures and walking humans is an important factor in vibration serviceability assessment of slender, lightweight, and low-damping structures. When on bridges humans form a human-structure system and interact with the structural vibration. The conventional vertical moving force (MF) model neglects human-structure interaction (HSI) effects. In contrast, a moving spring-mass-damper

The tubed-reinforced-concrete (TRC) columns have gained increasing use in the high-rise buildings and large-span stadiums in China, whereas the structural fire design method for square and rectangular TRC columns is still missing. Finite element analysis of the fire performance of square and rectangular TRC columns was conducted using a sequentially-coupled thermo-stress model. This model yielded good

This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of several concrete models in reinforced concrete (RC) structures subjected to seismic loading. Despite many studies conducted on implementing different characteristics of concrete in constitutive models, there is an essential need for investigating the ability of these models in predicting the behavior of structures in seismic applications. In this

This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations on the short-term behavior of stone masonry walls constructed with lime mortar. The walls were strengthened using unidirectional GFRP (Glass fiber reinforced polymers) sheets to resist out-of-plane loads. Two methods of anchorage were used to enhance the behavior of strengthened stone masonry walls by preventing premature peeling-off of

Using Lateral load-displacement curves (p-y curves) which is recommended by American Petroleum Institute (API) guideline, is typically used as a design approach for analysis of soil-pile-structure interaction due to its simplicity. The soil-pile structure interface has two separate parts of interaction; kinematic and inertial interaction. Both types of interaction must be measured accurately for the

This paper presents experimental and analytical modal analyses of the Shizhi River Bridge, which is a concrete-filled steel tubular special-shaped composite arch bridge, with a span of 110 m, and is located in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China. A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) was developed, and an analytical modal analysis was performed to determine the static behavior, natural

The reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) problem involving discrete design variables and multi-working constraints is tackled with the consideration of the uncertainty factors in the optimal design of crawler crane’s lattice boom. In the optimization model, the uncertainties of material property, geometric parameters and loads are represented by random variables. The geometrical dimensions

In recent years, due to corrosion and the constant demand for increased traffic flow, it emerged that there is a need for an efficient system that can be used to repair and / or strengthen bridges and structures with steel–concrete composite section. There have been many strengthening techniques used to prevent such serious structural problems. One of these techniques, which has proven effective in

This paper presents a study on the castellated beam-to-column connections with four regular hexagonal web openings and one solid web beam-to-column connection that considering the opening rate and whether there is a combination of floor slabs (composite action) while subjected to the cyclic loading. Furthermore, the initial geometric imperfection was carefully incorporated in the FE model and the models

Response surface methodology (RSM) is efficient in updating a model as compared to a finite element model (FEM) based on updating techniques. This feature of RSM can be used to replace the time-consuming FEM-based updating step with a response surface-based surrogate model. In addition, RSM also solves the problem of slow convergence and time consumption. The present study deals with the applicability

The paper investigates structural deformation of a stick curtain wall system under full-scale experimental tests. In particular, the wind-façade interaction is discussed through data given by a wind tunnel campaign. European standards for assessment of façades generally foresee to check façade air permeability and wind action resistance by applying a uniformly distributed pressure over the surface

The vertical push test has historically been the primary means used to evaluate the strength of shear connectors used in steel-concrete composite floors; however, these tests can be difficult to conduct and generally their results have been shown to not well represent the behaviour of shear connectors in a full sized composite beam. This paper describes a series of twenty-four push tests on composite

The specific operating conditions in concrete box-type (tunnel-form) buildings would lead to the concentration of walls in the interior parts of the plan and lack of structural walls in the perimeter of the plan. In this situation, due to the considerable reduction in torsional stiffness, usually torsional vibration modes prevail over translational vibration modes, therefore the building behaves as

Bridges are subjected to long-term deformations in addition to deformations under design loads. In high-speed railway bridges, long-term bridge deformation and potential degradation of materials may adversely impact the operation safety and riding comfort of the railway. While a high-speed railway network is being established in China, it is significant to understand the effects of long-term bridge

This paper explores state-of-the-art deep learning techniques to analyse and predict structural dynamic nonlinear behaviours in civil engineering applications. In this paper, three methods, namely the piecewise linear least squares (PLLS) method, fully connected neural network (FCNN) method, and long short-term memory neural network (LSTMNN) method, are implemented and compared for structural dynamic

In order to evaluate the effect of seismic isolation on random seismic response characteristics of a track-bridge system, in this paper, a three-dimensional detailed nonlinear dynamic model consists of rail, CRTS II slab ballastless track, high-speed railway simple supported bridges, isolated bearings, piers, pile foundations from top to bottom, is established by OpenSEES. The stochastic process of

In recent years, aluminum alloy bridges have been constructed in China, but a lack of aluminum alloy design and construction standards limits their further development. Traditional concrete and steel design theory cannot be completely adopted for aluminum alloy in large bearing structures. To introduce the structural design of a two-span continuous aluminum alloy truss arch bridge, this paper describes

In the cantilever plate structure, traditional topology optimization cannot achieve satisfactory results since topological material always focuses on one part while the other parts occupy no or few materials. To overcome this drawback, a bionic-based substructure division method for topology optimization was proposed in this paper. In this method, The designable region of topology optimization was

This paper investigates the fatigue performance of CFRP (carbon fiber-reinforced polymer) cables using a bond-extrusion anchorage system in which the variable stiffness of the bonding medium in the steel sleeve is adopted. A group of cyclic loading experiments under a maximum stress of 0.45fu and a stress range from 500 MPa to 900 MPa were carried out to determine the fatigue damage evolution of the

In this study, a cost-effective and efficient Bar-fuse damper (BFD) modified model is proposed to prevent the buckling and increase the ductility of the concentrically braced frame (CBF) along the longitudinal axis of the diagonal brace to the gusset plate. The step-by-step design of the model is presented in such a way that can dissipate seismic energy by inhibiting the brace buckling. In order to

Experimental investigation on the damage and wave propagation characteristics in PVB laminated glass panels subjected to impact loading was conducted. By applying different impact energies, the effect of two projectile configurations, a wooden post and steel ball, was studied. The effect of impact location was also investigated. The dynamic response of the panels was measured at different locations

This paper aims at developing an analytical expression for the buckling coefficient of steel plate girders stiffened with triangular cell flanges subjected to patch loading. In this study, buckling coefficients are computed numerically through linear buckling analysis (LBA) using the finite element method. Firstly, a numerical model for longitudinally stiffened girders subjected to patch loading is

In this study, we present an approach to alter the inertance of inerter-based devices, depending on the variation of the frequency of the external excitation. In this regard, we propose a newly developed variable inerter which is able to change the inertance using a versatile type of continuously variable transmission (CVT) mounted on a ball-screw inerter, it is called adaptive tuned viscous inertance

Sandwich panels are commonly used in façades and the roofs of industrial buildings due to their well-known advantages. However, there is limited data about the in-plane behavior of the panels. Hence, this paper aimed to propose a pseudoelastic truss model to represent the effective in-plane stiffness and strength properties of the corrugated sandwich panels with a polyurethane foam core. Two separate

The main purpose of this paper is to obtain more appropriate design for truss structures using a discrete novel nature-inspired optimization algorithm. The so-called Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) was employed to achieve the aim of this paper. The inspiration of the DA emerges from behaviors of static and dynamic swarming of dragonflies in the nature. The DA was originally developed for continuous optimization

In this article, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has been used to construct the wavelet response spectrum analysis (WRSA) of structures in the linear elastic zone. For this purpose, the elastic response spectra of different single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems are studied for different beam-to-column stiffness ratios. Initially, using the DWT, the records of near- and far-field earthquakes

This paper presents three schemes to calculate geometrically nonlinear wind-induced responses (GNL-WIRs) of a prestressed cable-suspended roof, and intends to lay a solid foundation for the coming equivalent static wind loads. The three schemes and their associated finite element theory (FET) are first introduced. Based on a wind tunnel test, a large number of computations about the different GNL-WIRs

In this study MVLEM (Multiple Vertical Line Element Model) is utilized to model a shear wall made of concrete with asymmetric openings. For this aim, an experimental RC shear wall with asymmetric openings was studied and modeled by the 3D microscopic FEM (Finite Element Method) via ABAQUS software package. To achieve a macroscopic model with a high accuracy two macroscopic shear walls were modeled

Assessment of the ultimate capacity of the cellular steel beams subjected to the lateral-torsional buckling containing web distortion (lateral-distortional buckling) was rarely investigated. So far, there is no accurate formula to predict the lateral-distortional buckling (LDB) capacity of such members. Here, extensive simulations (660 specimens) based on the nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA)

In addition to general shear loading, perfobond shear connectors (PBLs) also undertake tensile uplift forces at the interfaces between steel parts and concrete components. The tensile behavior of PBLs is as significant as the shear behavior to the safety of composite bridge structures. For further evaluating the combined shear-tensile response of PBLs, it is necessary to first investigate the tensile

Many bridges built during the colonial times in Australia have timber girders as load transferring elements and they are still in service with increased traffic loads and consistent deterioration. Most of the timber girders in those bridges are notched at the ends for better seating arrangement. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the strength characteristics of notched girders in order to ensure

This study used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the internal structure of forewings from adult male Allomyrina dichotoma. The images showed that the Allomyrina dichotoma forewing is a composite sandwich structure composed of upper and lower stressed skins, a hollow core layer and an abdominal-wall layer. The core layer has an irregular honeycomb-like structure with columellae; the chitin

In recent years the use of light gauge steel structures made of cold-formed steel has grown substantially around the world due to its unique advantages such as its cost effectiveness, durability, light weight and ease of use. Cold-formed steel sections have high section factor and high thermal conductivity, which result in a rapid increase in temperature during the fire, and under fire condition these

This paper presents a simplified beam-column joint modeling technique for the inelastic analysis of reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames. The joint model consists of a zero-length link element that is provided with moment-rotation lumped plasticity hinge, provided at the intersection of beam/column elements, to simulate the nonlinear shear behavior of the joint panel. The backbone of the moment-rotation

Steel arches are widely used to support large span membrane roofs. In order to obtain a lightweight solution, these arches might be formed as a truss. Both the strength of the material and the critical load can limit the load-bearing capacity of the steel arch. Due to the out-of-plane slenderness of a large span arch, it is with utmost importance to utilize the membrane as a restraint against the buckling

Scale separation is often assumed in most homogenization-based topology optimization (TO) frameworks for design of material microstructures. This work goes beyond the mainstream TO contributions by abandoning the scale separation hypothesis. First, it puts to evidence the limits of the homogenization-based approach when the size of the Representative Volume Element (RVE) is not negligible with respect

This study reveals the general working law of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch supports by exploring the experimental strain data based on structural stressing state theory. Firstly, the tested strains are transformed into the generalized strain energy density (GSED) values to model the stressing state mode and the characteristic parameters of CFST arch supports. Then, the Mann-Kendall criterion

A sandwich wall-panel solution based on Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) has been recently developed aiming to rationalize the wood volume and combine it with a low-density core layer for improved thermal insulation and reduced weight. Such panel, named Cross-Insulated Timber (CIT), was previously optimized to fulfil structural and thermal requirements with a minimum production cost. The layout of the

This study proposes a robust technique for large displacement analysis of slack cable structures subjected to dynamic loadings using a novel method, entitled Node Relaxation. Ordinary numerical methods are usually unable to analyze cable structures due to singularities arising from large displacements and rotations following any alteration of the applied loads. When dynamic loads are considered, handling

The fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars are used in hollow concrete columns (HCCs) to alleviate the steel-reinforcement corrosion problem and to make an efficient and lightweight structure. The presented study has endeavored to numerically and theoretically explore the structural behavior of hollow concrete columns (HCCs) reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and spirals. Six HCCs

The barrel vault elastic gridshell is a type of spatial structure composed of long continuous solid timber or hollow GFRP members and achieves its shape from elastic deformations during the construction process of lifting or pushing. The shape forming mechanism of elastic gridshells is very complicated due to significant geometric non-linearity. This research aims to propose analytic formulations to

This study presents a new geometry-based crack detection approach for plate structures based on the integration of a dynamic extended finite element method (XFEM) and a physics-based optimization algorithm called enhanced vibrating particles system (EVPS). The so-called XFEM-EVPS method is applied to solve a forward problem. The problem is unraveled by applying traction loading phases and capturing

The need to reduce waste is driving the development of new materials and technologies that support the transition of societies towards a more environmentally sustainable world. Wood-polymer composites (WPCs) can be produced by using waste products deriving from wood and plastic manufacturing industries. Enhanced mechanical and physical properties of WPCs also allow for these materials to substitute

The experimental and numerical investigations were carried out on conventional island steam turbine workshop of Rongcheng CAP1400 steel reinforced concrete (SRC) nuclear power plant in Shandong Province as the prototype. Four SRC variable-column exterior joints with a scale of 1/4 were designed for experimentally investigated under repetitive reversed cyclic loading. The failure process, failure modes

In this study, a modal-based structural damage identification method is proposed and applied to a portal beam structure as a case study. A two-stage evaluation method, involving the combination of a residual force vector method and an eigensensitivity method, is proposed to determine the locations of damaged elements in a finite element model. The physical model variables of these elements are then

This study aimed to experimentally analyse the robustness of riveted steel bridges based on truss-type structures and to define practical recommendations for early detection of local failures before they cause progressive structural collapse. Although there are many experimental studies on robustness and progressive collapse on buildings, those on bridges are either theoretical or deal with actual

In this research, the free vibrations of a four-story building with specific boundary conditions have been investigated and the health of the building is monitored based on experimental results using the analytical method of continuous wavelet; then, the damage that may occur to these structures has been evaluated and analyzed. The finite element software was used to model the building by the sandwich