The typical failure of a welded single angle tension member is a gross section failure. The rupture strength of the single angle tension member is affected by the effect of shear lag. Full-scale tests on twenty-seven single angle specimens reported in this paper. Four different angle sections with four different section types were used in the test. The test parameter includes the steel's grade, length

In view of the differences between Chinese and German regulations of bolt end distance, experiments for connection specimens with different bolt end distances were designed and conducted. The finite element models took into account the material nonlinearities, geometry nonlinearities and contact nonlinearities. The major factors were selected, and parametric studies were performed. It is found that

In a steel–concrete composite beam, the channel shear connector is an easy solution to ensure the connection due to its availability and the simplicity of its welding. However, increasing the channel shear connector length negatively affects the concrete slabs and creates difficulties to cross the longitudinal reinforcing bars. To solve this problem, five new channel shear connector shapes are proposed

Steel I-section-plate girders with corrugated webs have been used worldwide as they provide more stability and light beam features in practical design. It is known from previous investigations that due to having numerous favourable properties, the corrugated-web beams have been used in different areas of structural engineering. Considering the raising popularity of using CWBs in steel design, some

Recently, to reduce seismic responses, dozens of high-rise buildings in Japan and Korea have adopted the intermediate isolation system (IIS). These applications have shown successful response reduction performance for tall buildings. The important dynamic responses of building structures with the IIS are the peak intermediate isolator drift (IID), and the peak inter-story drift (ISD). The semi-active

Fire performance of load bearing elements in steel buildings such as columns and frames has major importance for structural designers. This study aims to assess the elevated temperature effect on dynamic characteristics of steel columns and frames by conducting sequential heat transfer and modal analyses. A series of finite element analyses including heat transfer analysis aere performed on 62 different

Based on the reasonable determination of material constitutive relationship and interaction model between concrete and steel tube, a finite element model of T-shaped stiffened concrete-filled steel tube (TSCFST) stub column exposed to uniform fire was established, and model reliability was verified. Through the FE model, the working mechanism of the model in the whole process of loading was analyzed

In predicting the track-ground vibrations induced by moving trains, it is generally assumed that the irregularities of two rails of a track are identical and fully correlated. This assumption leads to identical contact forces at the contact point of wheels and rails. In the present paper, the uncorrelated profile of the two rails is considered to investigate their influence on the train-track-ground

Trapezoidal corrugated steel webs under panting fatigue are represented by repeated cyclical out-of-plane deflections of their subpanel with mixed-mode cracks. Compared to stiffened flat webs, notable fatigue crack formation could take place along with local deflection. Fatigue tests were conducted for nine composite girders with slender webs and varied corrugation dimensions. Nearly all test girders

Torsion of structural frames is one of the main causes of damage to structures during earthquakes. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of torsion on frame structures with different asymmetries in stiffness when subjected to earthquakes with natural translational vibration period of less than 1.00 s. In this study, an idealized single-story lateral load resisting system was considered,

In the code for design of steel structures, the effective length factor of the support and other web members of the steel trusses composed of double angle steel were taken as 1.0 and 0.8, respectively. However, the effective length factor of the support and other web members did not take into account factors such as the stiffness provided by non-adjacent members, the stiffness of the joint itself,

The first step in any successful design of a structure is selecting the exact and accurate designing method. Designing a structure most economically (i.e. materials such as steel and concrete) by satisfying seismic and gravity criteria based on codes of practice is a complicated procedure that requires not only technical engineering knowledge but also years of experience. Thus, this paper presents

A turnbuckle is a device that is installed between tension wires or rods for the purpose of adjusting the tensile force and length of tension members. Tensile force can be adjusted by rotating the body of turnbuckle but the conventional turnbuckle is incapable of measuring tensile force without specific measurement equipment such as a load cell, accelerometer and data logger, etc. New turnbuckles have

Suspension bridges due to their long span are susceptible against dynamic events, like air flow which can cause considerable problems for them. Flutter, as an aerodynamic phenomenon, makes bridges vibrate, whereas their amplitude gradually diverges, needed the vibration control strategies. Tuned mass damper or in brief TMD, as the simplest passive device, can be used for this purpose. The performance

In order to study the mechanical property degradation rule of Q690 high-strength steel in the ocean wave splash area, the rusted specimen is obtained by indoor damp heat surrounding soaking environment corrosion test. The scanning electron microscopy, uniaxial tensile and cyclic loading tests of corroded steel are performed. This paper analyzes the steel from elastic modulus, yield strength, ductility

This paper investigates the retrofitting effect for a non-ductile reinforced concrete frame strengthened by perimeter steel moment frames with indirect connection, which ameliorates the direct connection’s problems. To this end, first, full-scale tests were conducted to address the structural behavior of a two-story reinforced concrete frame with non-seismic details (non-seismic specimen), and a WAS

Transmission towers are kinds of complex lattice structures which affects their accurate modeling and analysis and brings about some problems in the prediction of their actual behavior. For this reason, full-scale experiments are usually applied for transmission towers to examine their resistance and control their behavior. In this paper, the displacements of a transmission tower in the full-scale

Many important public buildings have suffered significant damages due to terrorist attacks in the last few decades. This paper investigates the behavior of structures with steel plate shear wall lateral load resisting system under various blast loadings. A number of twenty steel frames with different heights and widths subjected to four different blast scenarios are modeled and analyzed in opensees

Out-of-plane stability of buckling restrained braces (BRBs) has been a critical concern for structural design of them under seismic loads. Although some calculation methods are available in literature catering for the determination of stability resistance of the BRBs, they showed complexities on dealing with numbers of parameters. In this paper, the mechanism of out-of-plane buckling failure of the

The imperfections in Double Layer Grid Space Structure (DLGSS) threaten the safety of designs. The imperfections in the member length of DLGSS may result from human-based causes such as manual cuts, tolerance sensitivity in CNC cuttings and variation in temperature. Therefore, analyzing the impacts of imperfections is vital to ensure the safety of DLGSS systems. Thus, a safe design of DLGSS against

Retrofitting buildings in densely populated areas with a soft story configuration on the first floor can pose a daunting challenge to the community. Against this backdrop, this study set out to evaluate the seismic retrofit strategy's adequacy in enhancing the seismic performance of buildings with a soft story. The proposed strategy utilizes an earthquake energy dissipation device consisting of a combination

Medium Mn steels, one of the most promising 3rd generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS), achieve an encouraging trade-off between the outstanding mechanical property and the production cost. As a typical medium Mn steel, 7Mn steels have superior mechanical property but their poor cross-tension property becomes the Achilles' heel, hindering the application in the automotive industry. The current study

Recent earthquakes have shown that the interaction between faults and structures could cause extensive damage to the surface and underground structures. Field observations showed that the need for design regulations for fault rupture due to fault movement in areas with active faults seems necessary. In this study, the three-dimensional finite element (FE) model in the Abaqus FE program to study the

The fracture failure of high-strength steel has an important relationship with the stress state. In order to predict the fracture failure of high-strength steel under different stress conditions, based on the void growth model (VGM), a fracture model which comprehensively considers the effect of stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter on fracture failure is proposed and is called LVGM. A batch of

The objective of this study is to investigate the moment-rotation behaviour of the extended end plate long bolted moment connection using numerical, experimental and component method approaches. Totally thirty six models of the cold formed steel beam-column (hollow and concrete filled column) connection with different arrangement of long bolts are modeled and analysed using the finite element software

This paper proposes a closed-form expression for the rapid prediction of long-term deflections in simply supported steel–concrete composite bridges under the service load. The proposed expression incorporates the flexibility of shear connectors, shear lag effect and time effects (creep and shrinkage) in concrete. The expression has been derived from the trained artificial neural network (ANN). The

Cold bending is an efficient method recommended by steel fabricators for curving structural steel beams. It relies solely on mechanical forces to curve the beam into the required shapes without heating. While extensive research has been conducted on fabrication processes, data on the structural performance of cold bent steel girders in service is scarce which limits its use specifically in bridge structure

The methods that are currently available in the Eurocodes for the design of bridge plate girders to lateral torsional buckling are outlined and discussed. The inapplicability of the classic elastic critical moment theory for deep girders, which are common in bridge practice, is demonstrated. The simplified method of the equivalent flange in compression is applied instead, and its results are compared

Deflection of the steel I-sections is an important phenomenon that needs to be taken into account to ensure that the serviceability limit state criteria of the Australian Standards are met. The method that is widely used to calculate the deflection of steel I-sections is by the use of existing formulae that only accommodate the bending stiffness of the beams. A numerical investigation is performed

In orthotropic steel decks (OSDs), the rib-to-crossbeam joint is the most vulnerable detail that has not been drawn enough attention. The failure mode of cracks initiate from the lower weld end on rib wall is governing its fatigue performance. However, relevant detail categories are still missing in prevailing codes. This paper mainly focuses on the stress concentrations at the rib-to-crossbeam joint

In order to study the behavior of Steel-concrete composite beams with different shear connection degrees, using finite element software ABAQUS, four models with different numbers of headed studs are established, all of which apply appropriate concrete and steel constitutive models, and contact relationship. The accuracy of finite element models is verified by comparing the simulation results with corresponding

This paper presents the results of a numerical study, using ANSYS and OpenSees, of Ductile Element in the Seismic Performance of Steel Frames with eccentrically braced frame. This ductile element as dissipater includes a ring with a box around it that increases the ductility and energy dissipation of structures during an earthquake strike. It can be installed in every brace frame. Furthermore, during

Design of latticed steel power transmission towers is a challenging task, which involves lengthy modeling and detailing of significant amount of steel members and connections. The tower is analyzed and designed as a space truss and various members of tower are checked for Tension, Compression and Slenderness Ratio. Sometimes, due to unavailability of required sections or economical point of view, single

Two-dimensional frames are made of elastic and perfectly plastic materials. Frames are analized by using the step by step elastoplastic analysis method where the applied loads are gradually increased at each step until a plastic hinge is developed. Then an equivalent frame model is generated by placing a mechanical hinge at the location of the plastic hinge and the increased external loads and the

Prestressed steel beams with a prestressing cover plate (PBCP), which are expected to overcome the limitations of prestressed steel girders using tendons, were investigated in this study. Experiments and finite element analyses (FEA) were performed to present a design procedure. The maximum compressive force according to flange slenderness, which could be applied to steel beams subjected to bending

The strength and deformation capacity of structural elements are influenced by their cumulative damages received through load cycles. Loading protocols would provide the estimation of the structural components’ capacities and a proper simulation of the seismic reality, which are used to assess the performance of connections. Given the widespread application of I-beam to box-column moment connections

A technique to detect the bolt looseness in steel frame using the transfer impedance technique, which is a dual piezoelectric material technique, for bolted joint structural health monitoring is experimentally studied. An expensive impedance analyzer should be used to employ the single piezoelectric material technique (SPMT) while a general function generator and a digital multimeter can be used to

This paper presents an experimental and finite element (FE) investigation into the local-overall buckling interaction behaviour of axially loaded cold-formed steel (CFS) channel section columns. Current design guidelines from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Australian and New Zealand Standards (AS/NZS) recommend the use of a non-dimensional strength curve for determining the axial

In this study, the effects of wind and seismic loads on 5, 10, and 15 story steel buildings with different bracing systems were investigated. Linear static and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to assess the base shear, base moment, and story drift for all bracing systems. In addition, the cost analysis was taken into consideration. Five structural configurations were used: V-bracing, inverted

The ultra-low cycle fatigue (ULCF) fracture initiation caused by cyclic large plastic strain in structural steels is often the governing limit state in steel structures when subjected to strong earthquake actions. Based on the author’s previous work, this paper presents the improved cyclic void growth model (CVGM) and degraded significant plastic strain (DSPS) model considering the dependence of cyclic

To investigate the temporal–spatial temperature field and mechanical response of an orthotropic steel bridge deck during paving with gussasphalt concrete (GAC), in situ monitoring of the Cuntan Yangtze River Bridge in China was conducted during GAC paving, and a finite element method model of the temperature field was established. The test and model show the following: (1) The maximum temperature occur

Owing to seismic, wave, or wind actions, tubular joints used in onshore and offshore civil infrastructures may require retrofitting to withstand both static and cyclic loadings. In the present study, bearing capacities, failure modes, and ductilities of damaged tubular T-joints retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) were investigated. Two-step loading was applied: first, a pre-determined

Steel structures are traditionally designed neglecting the in-plane bearing capacity of the cladding. However, the cladding can act in coordination with the main structure, behaving as a diaphragm and contributing to its spatial stability, enabling the so-called stressed skin concept design. The subject of this paper was an analysis of behaviour of a sample steel frame cladded with corrugated sheet

Steel beams with web openings are extensively used in commercial structures because of their advantages in saving headroom and for providing a passage for utilities like air ducts, water pipes, etc. Design guidelines for such beams are provided by the EuroCode3 and by AISC design guide. The Indian Standard does not provide the design guides and thus an attempt has been made in this paper to utilize

Cable-supported pipe structure (CSPS) is a system of structure which has improved capacity over conventional elevated pipe structure, in terms of the capacity of span but with limited application owing to insufficient vibration characteristics and performance evidence. The study focuses on experimental modal and updating of the 64.8 m CSPS model to improve the dynamic behavior of the CSPS structure

Composite structures are used in structural systems to take advantage of concrete and steel, and the role of shear connectors between the two is extremely important. Currently, anchor- and angle-type connectors are mainly used as shear connectors, and the angle type offers several advantages over the anchor type. The angle type can be manufactured as a shape that fits the composite structure with a

In this paper, a series of axial compression tests were conducted on lipped channel columns constructed from cold-formed high strength Grade G550 steel sheet of thickness of 1 mm in order to investigate the local and distortional interaction buckling performance. The failure modes, ultimate loads and load–displacement curves of the specimens were reported and analyzed. The experiment revealed the deformation

High performance steels for bridges (HSB), as adopted by the Korean Design Standard (KDS), having a yield strength greater than 350 MPa have recently been developed. Notably, HSB460, which has a minimum yield strength of 460 MPa, does not exhibit a yield plateau beyond yielding and exhibits strain hardening. Such characteristics could provide advantages by absorbing the greater strain energy of steel

Choosing the installation location of a tuned mass damper (TMD) is the most important factor to consider when controlling dynamic response of a structure. It is also necessary to study whether the mass of the TMD installed on the structure effectively reduces the seismic response to the dynamic load. This study investigates the control performance of a seismic load was using a TMD installed on the

Although buried corrugated steel pipe culverts have been studied intensively in the past decades, the stress development law between crest and valley during backfilling process is still not analyzed sufficiently, which is an important technical difficulty for the construction of this kind of structures. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) is developed to simulate the behavior

Under-clearance of bridges is one of the major considerations when planning and designing bridges. Especially for sea-crossing bridges, under-clearance is more important for safe passage of ships. Long span cable bridges with steel orthotropic deck usually show relatively large deflections and excessive deflections may be not only disadvantageous to the clearance plan, but also a problem in bridge

A stop-hole, which is drilling at the crack tip, is one of the famous tentative repairs of fatigue cracks in steel structures. When the crack becomes longer, the stress concentration of the stop-hole also increases. Therefore, during the tentative repair of long fatigue cracks, the chances for re-initiation of the fatigue cracks from the stop holes are high. The bolting stop-hole method is a useful

This paper deals with experimental investigations into in-plane stability of fixed concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) parabolic arches. Three CFST arches with the same span but different rise-to-span ratios were tested under five-point symmetrical concentrated loads over the full span. All applied loads were controlled in synchronization. The test results show that the test arches buckled in an antisymmetric

In this paper, oblique crushing behaviors of the hierarchical hexagonal steel tubes were investigated. In the oblique impact, the crushing mode transfers from axial crushing dominated mode to bending dominated mode with the increase of the impact angle. In normal impact, the hierarchical steel tubes have progressive folding and global folding, depending on the cell number and the thickness of the sandwich

Adhesive bonding has recently emerged as an alternative to shear stud connection in steel–concrete composite flexural members. Research on adhesive-bonded steel–concrete composite flexural members is in a preliminary stage, and the behavior of the bond layer in these structures is not well understood yet. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed and used to conduct the parametric investigations

This study investigated the ultimate load capacity of assembled system supports by comparing cases with and without bracing members. Supports used as temporary structures are essential to resist the concrete casting load. Current trends encourage the use of system supports to prevent the collapse of supports, which occur frequently. Studies regarding the ultimate behavior of system supports in Korea

The American Institute of Steel Construction provides design equations for the lateral torsional buckling (LTB) of beams under fire. However, these equations are limited only to prismatic beams. Stepped beam factors are introduced by researchers that accounts the change in cross-sections of beams to determine capacities of stepped beams under normal temperatures. This paper assesses the validity of

Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are a composite member which mainly consists of steel tube infilled with concrete that are increasingly being used as load-carrying members these days. In construction industry, CFST columns are being preferred for the development of tall buildings and long-span bridges. This paper presents an experimental investigation on concrete-filled steel tube (CFST)

This study characterized 345 MPa normal-strength steel (NSS) and 460 MPa high-strength steel (HSS) with the acoustic emission (AE) technique. Pencil lead break (PLB) and tensile tests were performed, and the generated AE signals were recorded. The AE signals from the PLB tests were converted into the frequency and time-frequency domains via a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform. The

To investigate the local dynamic behavior of orthotropic steel bridge decks under impact loads, this paper proposed a type of combined plate-beam element for analysis of trapezoidal stiffened plate and a type of 8-nodes solid-plate element for analysis of pavement. Besides, vehicle wheel loads are supposed to be triangular loads for convenience. Then, a model experiment was conducted to verify the