The ductility of structure or component is particularly important when it encounters earthquake or other sudden disasters. It can reduce the damage of structure to a certain extent. The ductility mechanism of structure is closely related to the analysis of elastic–plastic behavior of structure. Therefore, an improved transfer matrix method based on elastic–plastic transfer element is proposed to analyze

The behavior of the H-beam strengthened with welded T-beam is tested and simulated to investigate the nonlinear behavior of flexural members strengthened under high preload. Experimental result reveals that for the four specimens that fails predominantly by flexural yielding, the increase in the preload results in a reduction in both the yield load and the ultimate load when the preload ratio exceeds

Structural steel members are subjected to corrosion due to environmental condition. As a result, there is decreasing in the cross-section properties of the member. This causes different stability problems and reduction in the load carrying capacity of members. Then, the probability of failure, Pf increases due to corrosion. The need arises to determine expected level of safety for such members and

A novel resilient variable friction damper (RVFD) with a simple construction was proposed. To analyze the effects of loading rate on the stability and energy dissipation performance of the RVFD, two RVFDs were tested under different loading rates and the hysteretic behaviors of the compared with that of the traditional constant friction dampers. Then the peak force, energy dissipation behavior, uneven

Cable dome structure is a kind of space steel structure system with stay cable, hoop cable, ridge cable and brace strut. In order to study the mechanical properties of cable dome with different stay (steel tie rod and steel cable), two 6-m-span cable dome structures were designed and manufactured. One is with steel tie rod (SR), other is with steel cable (SC). Meanwhile, two finite element models,

Impact dampers (ID) are one of the passive dampers for controlling undesirable vibration and are suitable to operate in harsh environments and effective over a wide range of frequencies. These dampers can be classified as single-unit or multi-unit. The multiple-unit impact damper where is composed of one cavity and some impact mass can be used in various engineering applications. The disadvantage of

This paper presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior of encased flat cold formed steel sections FCFS and perforated cold formed steel sections PCFS. A full scale eleven specimens were prepared and tested till failure. One specimen without steel cold formed section tested as a control beam. Six specimens with flat steel cold formed section were tested to figure out the enhancement effect

The fracture and fatigue performance of corroded steel components show significant degradation in both the crack initiation and propagation stage. This study is aimed to research the fracture behavior degradation mechanism of corroded steel members through investigating the effects of pits on stress intensity factor magnitude and distribution. The numerical simulation method was adopted, and a series

When a structure is subjected to an explosion, high blast pressure is initially released during a very short period of time and is followed by fire. The combined effects of blast and fire may cause damage and failure of one or more key elements of the structure leading to progressive collapse and failure of the entire structure. However, design procedures suggested by current standards and codes do

The story shear distribution based on inelastic state of eccentrically braced frames with vertical link fabricated with high strength steel (Y-HSS-EBFs) are proposed in this paper, four groups of Y-HSS-EBF prototypes with different stories are established in SAP2000 software. Moreover, the effects of structural height, velocity pulse of near-fault ground motions and acceleration cumulative effect of

The performance characterization of a critical component like T-joints in piping systems for the purposes of fragility assessment requires experimental data. The component level experimental data is limited to specific thicknesses and diameters of the specimen used. Therefore, the experimentally obtained empirical models for incorporation into the simulation study cannot be extended directly to the

Ground-motion selection is essential as an input for dynamic structural analyses. Although recent studies have highlighted the importance of target variance as auxiliary criteria and introduced selection methods, they typically require a trade-off between computational expense and accuracy. This paper presents an efficient and accurate method for ground-motion selection and scaling that matches both

In this study, a new hybrid energy dissipation device is developed by combining two friction dampers (auxiliary and main fuse) in series to be used for the seismic control of two different earthquake intensities. Compared with the conventional friction dampers, the new hybrid damper has an advantage in that only the auxiliary fuse (with low sliding force) is activated for moderate earthquakes and both

Cylindrical shells have long been used as storage tanks in small or large sizes to store a variety of materials such as petroleum and derivatives. The radius to thickness ratios of these shells are classified as 1000 and 2000 according to which designers and international codes are attracted to the buckling due to their collapse in buckling. Considerable research has been conducted on cylindrical reservoirs

One of the methods for improving the seismic behavior of structures was to use inactive control devices. Recently, in civil engineering applications, a relatively new material named metal foam has been utilized progressively due to its high energy dissipation capability and remarkable axial strain. In this study, several non-linear time-history analyses were conducted for investigating the seismic

The beam-column connections are known as a fundamental component in steel moment-resisting frames. The present investigation studies the progressive collapse behavior of four various welded types of beam-column connections including, welded unreinforced flange-welded web moment (WUF-W), reduced beam section (RBS), welded flange plate (WFP), and welded flange-weld web connection with internal diaphragms (I-W)

This paper describes a study on improving redundancy in a 240 m span steel Pratt truss bridge. Redundancy was evaluated from two perspectives. The first perspective was how many members would induce bridge collapse owing to their own damage, and the second perspective was how many members would be damaged owing to another member’s damage. Members corresponding to these two perspectives were widely

Fragility curves are the primary way of assessing seismic risk for a building with numerous studies focused on deriving these fragility curves and how to account for the inherent uncertainty in the seismic assessment. This study focuses on a three-story steel moment frame structure and performs a fragility assessment of the building using a new approach called SPO2FRAG (Static Pushover to Fragility)

The double reduced beam section (DRBS) connection is a newly developed steel moment connection. In this paper, the chaotic particle swarm optimization technique was utilized to optimize this connection for the best seismic performance. The resulting optimum DRBS connection shapes showed up to 39% better energy dissipation and up to respectively 50% and 55% lower rupture index (RI) and equivalent plastic

This paper investigates the structural behaviour and design of duplex and ferritic stainless steel stub columns with a circular hollow cross-section (CHS) at elevated temperature. A numerical model is developed to supplement the limited test results on stainless steel CHS stub columns in the literature. Following validation, the numerical approach is employed to gain an understanding of the critical

In this paper, a new structural optimization method, “percentage structure optimization”, is presented. This method is obtained by using finite element method (FEM) to reduce a specific proportion of the stress inefficient element reduction, which is called the "structural optimization percentage index". In addition, an evaluation index of the optimized structure, “economic benefit index”, is introduced

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation into the buckling behaviour of axially loaded cold-formed steel (CFS) zed and hat sections. In total, 12 experimental tests are reported, of those 6 tests are on CFS zed sections and the remaining 6 are on CFS hat sections. The failure modes, ultimate loads, and load–displacement curves of the specimens were reported and analyzed. The

The paper presents a topology optimization of steel structure about a waste incinerator steam generator to get economical structural layout. Firstly, the load function is got by analyzing the load distribution of a top girder about a certain type of waste incinerator steam generator. According to the theory of structural mechanics, the axial load function of steel frame is proposed. Secondly, the reasonable

The use of modular structures involves the rapid on-site assembly of members that were pre-manufactured in a factory. Research into this approach has recently been increasing owing to its lower cost, afforded by the shortened assembly process. In this study, we evaluate the use of developed blocks with improved welding, developed through previous research, to improve existing connections' structural

The web tapered I-section steel (WTIS) columns have been widely used in civil and industrial steel structures. However, the existing theoretical and empirical equations demonstrate a significant discrepancy in estimating the critical axial load of the WTIS columns. This study aims to develop effective artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting the critical buckling load of the WTIS columns. A

The main aim of this study is to assess the seismic behavior of various knee braced steel frames using nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. For this, structures with four different types of knee braces at heights of 5, 10, 15 and 20 stories are designed through ETABS and then are three-dimensionally modeled via PERFORM 3D. Firstly, various seismic parameters including response modification factor

In this paper, the structural performance of the prestressed concrete T-girder bridge with a newly proposed diaphragm transverse connections (DTCs) have been investigated. The DTCs are composed of diagonal braces and horizontal brace, and the braces are structural steel with square cross section. A series of simulations have been carried out to study the effectiveness of the proposed DTCs on enhancing

In this paper, post-earthquake fire modeling was studied in steel structures with different levels of ground motion intensity. Three-story structure modeling was implemented under post-earthquake fire by using the OpenSees software. The performance of the structure was investigated under different levels of ground motion intensity to the level of life safety. The structure was subjected to seismic

Tie bars axial force demands due to concrete dilation and prying action were investigated through numerical studies. In the first part of this study, the Karagozian and Case Concrete model, which proved to provide reasonable in-plane flexural cyclic inelastic wall response while accounting for concrete dilation effect, was used to investigate the variation of confinement inside the infill concrete

In this study, a new dovetail system of single-layer reticulated shell socketed joint (NDJs) of steel with excellent mechanical behaviour and economic benefits is suggested and investigated. Theoretical and numerical approaches were adopted to explore the influence of the different design parameters on the mechanical behaviour of NDJs under axial tension, compression forces and out-of-plane bending

In this study, a combination of experiments and finite element analyses was conducted to investigate the effect of initial imperfections on the axial compression of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy columns. Prior to the loading tests, measurement of the initial geometric imperfections for the columns were performed by optical theodolite and vernier calipert. The failure modes of 10 extruded circular columns

The main purpose of the current research work is to achieve an economical cold formed steel castellated beam with diamond castellation with limited buckling. In this way, to study the behavior of cold formed steel castellated beam with diamond castellation by the provision of different methods of placing the stiffeners for the sections is an main scope of the work. It can be achieved through this paper

Performance-based plastic design (PBPD) is a method which considers the inelastic behavior of a structure for the seismic design that follows a pattern in which a pre-selected yield mechanism is defined for each type of structural system. Despite the general adequacy of this method compared to the code-based method, the need to further improve this method against Forward-Directivity, the well-known

Composite steel–concrete structures are commonly used in the field of bridges, where the steel frame provides great ease of installation, and concrete provides useful strength at low cost. This construction system makes it possible to seek to use each material to the best of its ability, so as to provide the entire construction system with greater savings. The purpose of this article is to be able

Cable force monitoring is an important step in cable truss structural health monitoring. Considering cost effectiveness, the accuracy and quality of safety assessments depend primarily on the usage of reasonable cable monitoring programs. Many monitoring methods have been proposed to design the cable truss structure. The emergence of artificial neural network (ANN) models has resulted in improved predictive

The structural failure induced by the localized corrosion of steel members frequently occurred. In this study, a spatial statistical technique was developed to predict the time-dependent localized corrosion initiated at the boundary zone of steel and concrete. 20 specimens were prepared by embedding steel plate into concrete block, the accelerated corrosion tests of 600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 cycles

Steel I beams or girders with sinusoidal corrugated profile webs have become popular in the recent development of the steel structural designs, since corrugated-web beams (CWBs) can provide better performance in terms of less deformation and more stability against buckling failure. It is verified in previous research that CWBs can be considered as an alternative to replace normal beams in the structural

An innovative prefabricated integrated structure for a cylindrical underground garage is designed as the bracing system during the excavation phase. A new beam-column joint for this structure is proposed. Laboratory tests are implemented to obtain the capacity, hysteresis, skeleton curve and stiffness attenuation performance of the joint. The process of these tests is introduced in detail. Four full-scale

In order to resolve the fatigue fracture problem of the steel crane runway girders (CRGs) with a surface crack under high temperature, fatigue prognosis analysis on the cracked CRGs has been performed. Three dimensions finite element models for cracked CRGs have been established using ABAQUS and the fatigue-creep crack propagation of the CRGs under high temperature has been simulated. A fatigue-creep

To ensure post-earthquake safety and improve the earthquake resistance reserve of the rigid shells, this paper addresses the issues with respect to the residual seismic capacity (RSC) of long-span lattice shells with different prestressed stiffened methods from an earthquake-induced damage-endurance perspective. Prestressed optimization shells that aim at improving the internal plasticity distribution

In order to study the mechanical properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete-filled Square Steel Tubular (RACFSST) stub columns after fire exposure, a total of 37 specimens were exposed to heating temperatures and cooling phases (including natural cooling and water spray cooling), and the axial compression tests were subsequently conducted. The failure modes, axial load versus deformation curves, and

In recent years considerable attention has been given to estimating the strength of box concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) stub columns. The effect of confining pressures is one of the complexities in determining the ultimate strength of the CFST columns. An experimental database of 188 tested columns has been used to produce two types of formulae: modified and simplified, that can help to predict the

The typical failure of a welded single angle tension member is a gross section failure. The rupture strength of the single angle tension member is affected by the effect of shear lag. Full-scale tests on twenty-seven single angle specimens reported in this paper. Four different angle sections with four different section types were used in the test. The test parameter includes the steel's grade, length

In view of the differences between Chinese and German regulations of bolt end distance, experiments for connection specimens with different bolt end distances were designed and conducted. The finite element models took into account the material nonlinearities, geometry nonlinearities and contact nonlinearities. The major factors were selected, and parametric studies were performed. It is found that

In a steel–concrete composite beam, the channel shear connector is an easy solution to ensure the connection due to its availability and the simplicity of its welding. However, increasing the channel shear connector length negatively affects the concrete slabs and creates difficulties to cross the longitudinal reinforcing bars. To solve this problem, five new channel shear connector shapes are proposed

Steel I-section-plate girders with corrugated webs have been used worldwide as they provide more stability and light beam features in practical design. It is known from previous investigations that due to having numerous favourable properties, the corrugated-web beams have been used in different areas of structural engineering. Considering the raising popularity of using CWBs in steel design, some

Recently, to reduce seismic responses, dozens of high-rise buildings in Japan and Korea have adopted the intermediate isolation system (IIS). These applications have shown successful response reduction performance for tall buildings. The important dynamic responses of building structures with the IIS are the peak intermediate isolator drift (IID), and the peak inter-story drift (ISD). The semi-active

Fire performance of load bearing elements in steel buildings such as columns and frames has major importance for structural designers. This study aims to assess the elevated temperature effect on dynamic characteristics of steel columns and frames by conducting sequential heat transfer and modal analyses. A series of finite element analyses including heat transfer analysis aere performed on 62 different

Based on the reasonable determination of material constitutive relationship and interaction model between concrete and steel tube, a finite element model of T-shaped stiffened concrete-filled steel tube (TSCFST) stub column exposed to uniform fire was established, and model reliability was verified. Through the FE model, the working mechanism of the model in the whole process of loading was analyzed

In predicting the track-ground vibrations induced by moving trains, it is generally assumed that the irregularities of two rails of a track are identical and fully correlated. This assumption leads to identical contact forces at the contact point of wheels and rails. In the present paper, the uncorrelated profile of the two rails is considered to investigate their influence on the train-track-ground

Trapezoidal corrugated steel webs under panting fatigue are represented by repeated cyclical out-of-plane deflections of their subpanel with mixed-mode cracks. Compared to stiffened flat webs, notable fatigue crack formation could take place along with local deflection. Fatigue tests were conducted for nine composite girders with slender webs and varied corrugation dimensions. Nearly all test girders

Torsion of structural frames is one of the main causes of damage to structures during earthquakes. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of torsion on frame structures with different asymmetries in stiffness when subjected to earthquakes with natural translational vibration period of less than 1.00 s. In this study, an idealized single-story lateral load resisting system was considered,

In the code for design of steel structures, the effective length factor of the support and other web members of the steel trusses composed of double angle steel were taken as 1.0 and 0.8, respectively. However, the effective length factor of the support and other web members did not take into account factors such as the stiffness provided by non-adjacent members, the stiffness of the joint itself,

The first step in any successful design of a structure is selecting the exact and accurate designing method. Designing a structure most economically (i.e. materials such as steel and concrete) by satisfying seismic and gravity criteria based on codes of practice is a complicated procedure that requires not only technical engineering knowledge but also years of experience. Thus, this paper presents

A turnbuckle is a device that is installed between tension wires or rods for the purpose of adjusting the tensile force and length of tension members. Tensile force can be adjusted by rotating the body of turnbuckle but the conventional turnbuckle is incapable of measuring tensile force without specific measurement equipment such as a load cell, accelerometer and data logger, etc. New turnbuckles have

Suspension bridges due to their long span are susceptible against dynamic events, like air flow which can cause considerable problems for them. Flutter, as an aerodynamic phenomenon, makes bridges vibrate, whereas their amplitude gradually diverges, needed the vibration control strategies. Tuned mass damper or in brief TMD, as the simplest passive device, can be used for this purpose. The performance

In order to study the mechanical property degradation rule of Q690 high-strength steel in the ocean wave splash area, the rusted specimen is obtained by indoor damp heat surrounding soaking environment corrosion test. The scanning electron microscopy, uniaxial tensile and cyclic loading tests of corroded steel are performed. This paper analyzes the steel from elastic modulus, yield strength, ductility

This paper investigates the retrofitting effect for a non-ductile reinforced concrete frame strengthened by perimeter steel moment frames with indirect connection, which ameliorates the direct connection’s problems. To this end, first, full-scale tests were conducted to address the structural behavior of a two-story reinforced concrete frame with non-seismic details (non-seismic specimen), and a WAS

Transmission towers are kinds of complex lattice structures which affects their accurate modeling and analysis and brings about some problems in the prediction of their actual behavior. For this reason, full-scale experiments are usually applied for transmission towers to examine their resistance and control their behavior. In this paper, the displacements of a transmission tower in the full-scale