This study characterized 345 MPa normal-strength steel (NSS) and 460 MPa high-strength steel (HSS) with the acoustic emission (AE) technique. Pencil lead break (PLB) and tensile tests were performed, and the generated AE signals were recorded. The AE signals from the PLB tests were converted into the frequency and time-frequency domains via a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform. The

To investigate the local dynamic behavior of orthotropic steel bridge decks under impact loads, this paper proposed a type of combined plate-beam element for analysis of trapezoidal stiffened plate and a type of 8-nodes solid-plate element for analysis of pavement. Besides, vehicle wheel loads are supposed to be triangular loads for convenience. Then, a model experiment was conducted to verify the

Corrosion environment monitoring was conducted on the structural members of a steel bridge truss in a marine environment. The corrosion depth measured on exposed monitoring steel plates and the galvanic corrosion current measured by Atmospheric Corrosion Monitoring sensors attached to structural members were used to evaluate the local corrosion environment of each type of structural member in the steel

The influence of support stiffness on the effective calculated length which plays an essential role in the axial compression stability of steel memeber is always ignored due to the ideal support constraint that is difficult to achieve in the test. In this paper, the calculation method of the effective length factor was put forward by the mechanical model of the axially compressed member. The supports

The Virtual Work Optimization Method (VWOM) is used to optimize tall buildings with semi rigid connections. The VWOM is an automated method that minimizes the mass of a structure with a given geometry, deflection criteria and load cases, while adhering to building code requirements. Members are selected from a user defined database to meet strength and stiffness criteria. The rotational stiffness of

Building structures may encounter strong wind, earthquake, snowstorm, and other disaster loads during their service period. Therefore, the members and joints may incur different degrees of damages. However, some damaged members and joints can continue functioning after reasonable assessment and repair. In this study, drum-welded hollow spherical joints (DWHSJs) that are used in Beijing’s New International

Recently a new type of Reduced Beam Section (RBS) connection called “Tubular Web RBS (TW-RBS)” has been numerically and experimentally studied. TW-RBS connections are made by replacing a part of web with a tube or pipe at the desirable location of the beam plastic hinge. This paper aims to numerically investigate the effect of key factors such as position, diameter, and thickness of the tube on the

Coupled dynamic analyses of a deep-water Semi-submersible platform, in the South China Sea region, is carried out under postulated damage of the restraining system for both 10 and 100-years return period events. Under the combined action of wind, wave, and current loads, motion responses of Semi-submersible at 1500 and 2000 m water depths are analyzed in time-domain. Dynamic tension variations in the

Welded hollow spherical joints (WHSJ) have been widely used in various space structures. Corrosion of WHSJ is inevitable and will eventually threaten the structural safety. This paper makes an assessment of the accuracy of quality inspection procedures commonly employed by spatial grid structure to calculate the failure pressure of corroded WHSJ via finite element analyses (FEA). Second, this paper

Structural steel plates with engineered cut-outs to exhibit a controlled yielding mechanism is recently proposed for desirable structural performance compared to conventional systems. Butterfly-shaped beams with hexagonal cut-outs inside of the beam’s web are implemented to better align the bending strength diagram along the link length with the corresponding demand shape of the applied moment diagram

In eccentrically braced frames (EBFs), the link beam is the main factor determining the behavior of this type of system. In order to enhance the ductility and delaying the web and flange buckling, the link beam is reinforced using intermediate web stiffeners to improve its performance and energy dissipation capacity. The web stiffeners spacing criteria is based on short links under pure shear, which

Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) is widely used as secondary framing material. Nowadays, the research of CFS as a primary steel roof truss system became more favoured. Therefore, it is very important to understand the behaviour of CFS roof trusses due to the uncertainty of the configuration of CFS roof trusses can affect its structural integrity. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of

Nowadays, steel plate shear wall is considered as a suitable system for conventional lateral load resisting systems, because of high post buckling strength, significant ductility, stable hysteresis characteristics and high initial stiffness. Although early experimental and analytical research on steel shear wall clarified various aspects of seismic behavior of such system, but still several issues

This paper presents a numerical method for damage evaluation of steel structures under fire conditions based on degraded material property values. As the measure of structural damage to fire, a damage index is proposed which indicates how much a structure loses its material strength when exposed to fire. The index is formulated with the ratio of a volume-weighted average of material strength at elevated

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) columns have been widely used as structural members in buildings and bridges in recent years, because of their properties, such as high strength and stiffness, good ductility, and convenience for construction. In CFT columns, the bearing capacity of columns is inversely related to buckling, therefore, buckling is of particular importance at these sections, the AISC

In this paper, Laplacian smoothing, which is an algorithm originally used to smooth polygon meshes in computer graphics (CG), is applied to solve a structural form-finding problem with the proof that the result of such algorithm is equivalent to force density method. Such CG algorithm is used on the design of a new-built suspension footbridge in Shaoxing, China and the algorithm works well. Since Laplacian

Monosymmetric sections made from I-section beams with a channel cap welded to the top flange find use in crane runway beams or girders for medium duty cranes of moderate spans. These beams are susceptible to lateral-torsional buckling when the compression flange is laterally unsupported. In order to determine the critical elastic buckling moment several geometrical parameters must first be determined

Currently, the robustness analysis of structure is primarily related to rigid structures, and little has been done to study the robustness of spatial flexible cable-strut tensile structures with larger span, more complex forms, lower redundancy, more sensitivity to unexpected interference such as construction deviations, etc. Based on the \( H_{\infty } \) theory, this paper starts with the fundamental

This paper discusses a possibility of detecting structural damage caused by an earthquake, by measuring the time history of the strain of beams and columns before and/or after the earthquake. An index called “local stiffness” is defined as the ratio of section force amplitude to representative displacement amplitude, and this ratio can be physically interpreted as stiffness. By calculating section

Ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) with compressive strength greater than 100 MPa at room temperature has been developed for concrete filled square steel tubular column for use in high-rise buildings. The fire resistance of UHSC filled protected square steel tubular columns exposed to the standard ISO fire is investigated in this paper. For this purpose, numerical heat transfer analysis and nonlinear

The existing push-out test results showed that the ultimate shear capacities and ultimate slips of tie-bars and studs under cyclic loading were significantly lower than those under monotonic loading, which could significantly affect the seismic performance of steel–plate concrete composite (SC) structures. The flexural behavior of two SC beams subjected to cyclic loading was investigated. Specimen

The strength and behavior of split-tee connections that are applicable to all tensile connections with high-strength bolts have been studied in many countries. The design code of each country (AISC, Eurocode 3) does not consider various field conditions, however, such as the painting of the connection surface, the length of the bolt shank, and the preload. Moreover, the previous studies (Bahaari) that

This paper describes a component-based model for simulating the behaviour of flexible end-plate connections between beams and columns in steel framed structures in fire conditions. In this method, a simple steel connection was split into a number of active components for which mechanical properties are represented by non-linear springs. The behaviour of a steel connection is then determined by assembling

The collapse of tall buildings in a densely populated urban setting is a scenario too terrible to contemplate. Buildings are routinely designed to resist this limit state under the extreme loading conditions of high winds and earthquakes etc. However the potential of multiple floor fires to cause such a disaster remains unrecognised in the profession as no current building codes require the consideration

In the United Kingdom, as in most other countries, the required fire resistance period of a building is traditionally given by the recommendations of prescriptive documents, such as the Approved Document B, depending on the usage and the height of the building. However, for large developments like stadia and arenas, which involve different usages such as assembly, office and retail facilities in combination

This study presents a risk-based decision support framework for seismic retrofit of building structures where the decision criterion is to minimize the sum of the cost required for the rehabilitation and the expected seismic loss over a specified time period. Probabilistic seismic hazard model (PSHM) and probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) are utilized for manipulation of the uncertainty propagation

The fire resistance of concrete filled square steel tube columns (CFT columns) without fire protection under a constant axial load has been previously examined. The purpose of this present study is to investigate the fire resistance of CFT columns when they are subjected to combined loads. This paper presents a nonlinear thermal stress analysis method for predicting the mechanical behavior and fire

A series of experiments was conducted in order to elucidate effects of correction by heating/pressing on mechanical behavior of steel bridge piers. Local buckling deformation of specimens due to loading considering the situation of an earthquake was corrected by heating/pressing, with or without water-cooling. Some out-of-plane deformations were inevitably left to avoid cracking in the welds. This

The behaviour of composite cellular floor beams is becoming important as such members are increasingly used in multistorey buildings. In the event of fire, this issue becomes increasingly critical, particularly for exposed steelwork. In a fire situation, a composite beam has a much higher perimeter area exposed to fire in its lower web-flange section than in the upper web-flange section, and so the

The paper aims to evaluate the fatigue behavior and its probabilistic properties in welded SM490A steels, which is utilized in high speed train, under low temperatures. For the goal, the tensile and fatigue tests are performed under displacement control mode and constant amplitude loading cycles, respectively at various temperatures (293K, 263K and 233K). The static strengths for base and welded materials

To study the global structural and thermal behaviour of buildings in fire, a research project was conducted including a fullscale test on a three storey steel frame building at Mittal Steel Ostrava before demolition. The main goal of the experiment was to verify the method for predicting joint temperatures and to improve it for the cooling phase. The fire compartment extending over a floor area of

Cold-formed thin-walled steel sections are widely used as primary loadbearing members in lightweight panels that form walls in residential and other low rise structures. In cold regions, the webs of the steel sections are often perforated to reduce the cold bridging effect in order to increase thermal comfort and reduce energy waste. Perforating the web of a steel section will reduce its loadbearing

Prestressed space truss structures have been widely used in various public buildings in recent years. However, because of its large span, the length of its members also increases. Therefore the member initial curvature will probably affect the stability of the structure. This paper focuses on the truss element with initial geometrical imperfection under high axial load. The relation between axial force

Fire following earthquake can cause substantially loss of life and property, added to the destruction already caused by the earthquake, and represents an important threat in seismic regions. On the other hand, even when no fire develops immediately after an earthquake, the possibility of later fires affecting the structure must be adequately taken into account, since the earthquake induced damages

To evaluate the factors affecting fatigue behavior of butt-welded joints, fatigue tests and tension tests were conducted on SM520C-TMC steels with thicknesses ranging from 20 mm to 80 mm. When the fatigue strength of 20 mm thick plate is achieved, the reduction of the fatigue strength of 80 mm thick plate by the present study is improved by over 11.7% to that of previous studies. For fatigue behavior

In general, shape memory alloy (SMA) cables do not resist in compression and, thus, their applications are limited. This study suggests a superelastic SMA bar in bending to be used to overcome the above problem. The objectives of this study are to analyze the characteristics of the bending behavior of an SMA bar and to prove its seismic applicability, especially to restrain openings in bridges. Single

This investigation examines how the nonlinear structural response of a ship side-shell structure that impacts with ice is affected by the layout/design of the structure, ice characteristics and ship speed operational conditions. The finite element (FE) method was used for nonlinear analysis and comparison of a reference side-shell structure with a topology-optimized structure. Nonlinear dynamic FE

In this study, the temporary structural system for a trenchless method was developed. The developed structural system is a type of hybrid member consisting of mortar-filled steel tubes laterally connected by headed reinforcements. This lateral connection gives this system not only longitudinal but also lateral stiffness. Experimental studies were carried out to evaluate the flexural strength of the

Stress triaxiality is proposed as one of the key parameters to discuss the cause of brittle fracture during earthquakes in steel structures. This study analytically investigated the features of stress triaxiality in steel bridge bent subjected to earthquakes. The target structure is a steel bridge bent actually fractured during the South Hyogo prefecture Earthquake. From the investigations, it was

This study was conducted to propose analytical models that can predict the initial stiffness and plastic moment capacity of an unstiffened top and seat angle connection. These analytical models were developed by considering the moment-rotation curves, plastic hinge lines, and failure modes of an unstiffened top and seat angle connection. In the development of these analytical models, the effects of

In this study, the influences of the P-Δ effect on the behavior of low rise unbraced steel frames and the validity of factor B2, which is suggested by KBC 2008 (draft) to consider the P-Δ effect, were evaluated using the experimental approach. Seven specimens, one story-one bay unbraced steel frames, were tested under static loading conditions. The main parameters of the tests were the stiffness ratio

A procedure for the optimum structural design of cable-stayed bridges is proposed based on minimum expected life-cycle cost (LCC); the procedure is illustrated with the optimum design of a cable-stayed bridge subjected to static and earthquake loads. Reliability analysis of the bridge is performed taking into account the two types of uncertainty in the capacity and loads. The capacity of the bridge

A component method has been introduced by Steel Construction Institute to predict the moment resistance of partial strength connection. The design philosophy is taken directly from Eurocode 3 with strength checks on bolts, welds, and steel which have been modified to comply with BS 5950-1:2000. The accuracy of the method however needs to be validated with the experimental tests especially for hot-rolled

The aim of the research was to determine reliability function of net cross-section resistance in relation to accidental eccentricity of nominally centric holes. The response surface method was used by taking into account the relevant Eurocode design provisions and reliability requirements. Within the response surface method, the central composite design method and the least square method were used

The torque control method is mainly used as a clamping method for high-strength bolts in Korea and Japan. However, the torque coefficient affects the tension that is required during the process of tightening by torque. This makes it difficult to assume the direct tension induced into the bolt. The determinant factor that affects the clamping force is the ambient temperature, as indicated by the Korean

The thin-walled composite columns with an open cross-section reinforced by intermediate stiffener under axial compression have been considered. The finite element method is employed to study the buckling behaviour of the thin-walled composite column. Eigenvalue analyses are carried out first to predict the buckling load and buckling mode shapes of the column, and then the geometric nonlinear analyses

In this paper, the moment of inertia requirement of flat-bar longitudinal stiffener of bottom flange in steel box girder is investigated through finite element modeling. The required minimum stiffness for longitudinal stiffeners of box girder flange is given in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification and is modified by Yoo. However, this requirement is adopted for T-shape stiffeners. Here, the

This study investigated the compressive strength of slender C-shaped cold-formed steel members with web openings. The effective sectional area concept was adopted to conduct the analysis of cold-formed compressive members. The load-carrying capacity of compression member was calculated based on the sectional effective width as described in the AISI Standard. The study tested a total of 21 channel specimens

A composite truss bridge is an efficient structural type where the merits of both the steel member and the prestressed concrete member are combined. The design of a connection for the truss bridge is of particular interest due to complex details resulting from concentrated forces at the composite joint. In this paper, experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the joint

The influence of the near-fault ground motion on the response of long-span bridges must be considered as a critical factor for seismic design because the response indicates different aspects from existing earthquake characteristics. Also, it is important to note that the safety index for the risk assessment of long-span bridges is determined based on the minimum expected life-cycle cost E(LCC). In

A method for damage detection applicable to large slender steel structures such as towers of large-scale wind turbines, long-span bridges, and high-rise buildings is presented. This method is based on continuous strain data obtained by distributed fiber optic sensor (FOS) and neural network (NN) analysis. An analytical model for cracked beam based on an energy balance approach was used to train a NN

Free spans or suspended spans normally occur in subsea pipelines due to the irregularity of seabed and/or the scouring action of sea water. A problem of significance to the free spans of subsea pipeline is that currents or waves flowing across pipelines can shed vortices and induce vibration which may cause fatigue damage to the pipelines. Natural frequencies of free spans are required when solving

Heavy-duty cast steel universal hinged supports are gaining increasing usage in modern large-span structures, offering extremely large individual load carrying capacity and universal rotation ability which is preferable to release temperature effects and to improve force conditions of lower structures. This paper presents a full-scale experimental study and elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analysis

This paper presents the tensile behavior of bolted circular flange connections that represent typical connectivity of leg members in a steel guyed lattice communication tower. A total of twelve specimens have been tested to failure under increasing monotonic tension. Each test specimen consists of a pair of circular flange plates (Φ178 mm), where each plate is welded to a solid circular bar. The flanges

The T-stub is one of the most important structural components in steel frames, since its behaviour affects the behaviour and stability of the entire structure. The present study is devoted to the analytical investigation of the behaviour of this component and mainly of the bending that occurs on the bolts due to the T stub flange deformability. Moreover, the influence on its ultimate strength is studied

A detailed connection model can take into account effects such as strength and stiffness degradation, pinching and brittle behavior while a simple one cannot. This study investigates the effects of using the detailed and simple connection models on the seismic behavior of steel moment resisting frame (MRF) buildings. The frame models designed by 1994 UBC and 2000 IBC provisions involved the use of

In this study, a fatigue reliability is assessed taking into account the uncertainties in load and resistance of a steel specimen, in which fatigue crack propagates. The results of the deterministic fatigue crack propagation has been compared with AASHTO LRFD specification. A response surface method (RSM) combined with an advanced first order second moment method has been applied in order to assess

On the bases of a decreased construction period and convenience of construction, the steel deck plate system has been widely used in the construction field in Korea. In particular, due to its good stiffness and economic considerations, the steel-wire-integrated deck plate system (or truss deck plate system) has become very popular in recent years. But while it offers many advantages, the truss deck

In 2003, a European research program entitled “PRECIOUS-Prefabricated composite beam-to-concrete filled tube or partially reinforced-concrete-encased column connections for severe seismic and fire loadings” and funded by the Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS) was initiated for three years (Bursi et al., 2008). The objective of this project was to develop fundamental data, design guidelines and

In this paper, the effects of partial shear connection on the behavior of semi-continuous composite beams were studied numerically using two-dimensional finite element model with plane stress elements. The finite element model takes into account the nonlinearity of the different materials involved. For the shear connectors, a non-linear (shear-slip) relation, drawn from the push-out tests, was used