The truncated cone helix energy pile (CoHEP) is a new type of environmentally-friendly and cost-effective ground heat exchanger with a strong heat transfer capacity. However, its heat transfer characteristics, especially thermal interference, have not yet been fully interpreted due to its complex geometry and semi-infinite medium. In order to understand the thermal interference in the radial and generatrix

The present work concerns parametric analysis and case study of the performance of a newly suggested Multi Drain Heat Recovery System (MDHRS) that uses the relatively hot water of different drain sources such as the shower, the dish washer, the washing machine, and the sink simultaneously to heat/preheat residential cold water. To proceed, an appropriate thermal modeling along with its associated in-house

Building thermal insulation can enhance the thermal environment of buildings, thus decreasing energy consumption. Traditional inorganic insulation materials are easy to absorb moisture so that their insulation performance is reduced significantly when they are used in humid environment. It is of great significance to develop new building insulation materials with low moisture absorption and high thermal

A number of recent publications have suggested that in order to reproduce thermal testing of energy piles, a finite value for the geo-contact thermal resistance (geo-CTR) at the soil-structure interface needs to be introduced. There is currently no guidance as to what value the geo-CTR should have. The geo-CTR will have two potential impacts in terms of the use of energy geo-structures, (i) reducing

The new demands, the climate change and challenges set by society intend to generate major reductions in the heating and cooling demands of buildings. However, conventional measures to improve the performance of the building envelope can easily reduce the heating demand and, in many cases, worsen the cooling behaviour of the building. Therefore, we need innovative solutions that provide high heating

The air-conditioning system in modern industrial cleanrooms can be very energy intensive due to large air change rates per hour and high airflow resistance. This study focuses on the actual performance and potential improvements of the filtration and ventilation process in cleanrooms. On-site measurements were conducted in three semiconductor cleanrooms to investigate the actual performance of clean

In recent years, the building sector has been responsible for continuous increase in energy consumption in the world. Space heating and cooling accounts for 34% of this energy consumption in buildings. In this context, using thermal energy storage (TES) can reduce energy consumption for space air conditioning. The use of phase change materials (PCM) as latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system

The refrigerant-heated radiator (RHR) is an efficient and feasible heating terminal for space heating. In order to improve the efficiency of RHR, a multi-panel RHR was proposed in this paper. To investigate the thermal potentials of the multi-panel RHR, a heat transfer and pressure drop model of the multi-panel RHR was established. To predict the refrigerant flow distribution of the multi-panel RHR

The thermal behavior of 12 standard and cool pavement structures (asphalt, granite, stabilized sand, cobblestones, reflective paints, pervious concretes, dry grass, etc.) coupled with pavement-watering is studied in the lab under heat-wave-like conditions. Watering is fine-tuned for each structure to maximize cooling and minimize water consumption using two linear cooling regimes, before deployment

Cooling-related energy consumption is growing rapidly in buildings. High-rise buildings usually have high cooling loads and cooling-related energy consumptions. Reducing the cooling load of high-rise buildings is critical for decreasing cooling-related energy consumption and peak electricity demand. Due to their cold climates, ventilative cooling (VC) is available for a long time throughout the year

A parametric study of a large diameter, shallow bore ground heat exchanger system coupled to a water-to-air heat pump is presented. The performance of this system is compared to an equivalent air-to-air heat pump system. Building loads from a single-family home in two different climate zones with different magnitudes and ratio of winter and heating loads are used in this study. In the first climate

This paper summarized the shallow geothermal resources within a depth of 200 m in China. This geothermal resource is divided into five regions based on the geological structures, geomorphology, geology, and hydrogeology. The recoverable amount of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) is equivalent to 7 × 1012 kg of standard coal in a survey area of 1.69 ×105 km2, 60% of which is distributed in the mid-eastern

Together with the thermo-physical relationships among the flow rates and temperatures of water in a piping system, the Bayesian method was employed to develop a model for detection and evaluation of biases of water flow and temperature sensors in a central chiller plant. The model can handle biases of multiple sensors occurring simultaneously and can remain functional when the coverage of the available

The current target to decrease the energy consumption of buildings is important as the residential sector consumes a significant part of the energy over the energy chain. Another driver is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to tackle global warming. Renewable energy sources and technical solutions should play the main role in this pursuit. In this paper, a zero-energy log house in southern Finland

This paper studies the performance of a cold storage heat pump system integrated with phase change materials (PCMs) for space cooling. An air-cooled heat pump unit comprising of two constant rotation speed compressors is selected. The PCM is an organic material that is commercially available, and has a phase change temperature of 10-12 oC. A coupled computational heat transfer model of the heat pump

PV-ETFE cushion roof combines transparent ETFE films and flexible photovoltaics, making it possible to harvest both electricity and heat from solar energy simultaneously. However, high temperature caused by solar radiation remarkably affects the mechanical behaviors of ETFE foils and converting efficiency of PV due to their thermal sensitivity. To tackle this issue, it is critical to understand the

Herein, we discuss the design and evaluation of a passive electricity generator, which we call an energy-harvesting block. The energy-harvesting block is a thermoelectric generator-based passive energy-harvesting system integrated with a phase change material that is designed to harvest energy from waste heat on the exterior walls of buildings. The thermoelectric generator in the energy-harvesting

This article aims to comprehensively analyse the impact of meteorological factors on the energy consumption of high-rise office buildings in Hong Kong. Fifty-seven runs of EnergyPlus simulations based on 30 years of actual hourly meteorological data between 1989 and 2018 measured from one urban and one rural site as well as the Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) were conducted to examine the joint energy

Domestic hot water heat use prediction modelling is an important instrument for increasing energy efficiency in many buildings. This article addressed hourly domestic hot water heat use prediction, using a Norwegian hotel as a case study. Since the information available for buildings may vary, two widespread situations with different input variables were studied. For the first situation, the prediction

A solar air-source heat pump system with phase change energy storage is investigated in this paper. By employing phase change storage in this system, it overcomes the frosting problem in the evaporator and improves the COP of heat pump under the extreme weather condition. The system is constructed and the experiment is carried out in Shijiazhuang. The testing results reveal that the average COP of

Internet-connected thermostats are a promising new source of temperature and operational data in homes because they record inside temperatures, setpoints, and HVAC runtimes every five minutes. Over 20 million Internet-connected thermostats have already been installed in American homes. Data from about 20,000 connected thermostats were collected and organized by climate zone, number of occupants, floor

Faults in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning control networks substantially affect energy and comfort performance in commercial buildings. As these control networks are comprised of many sensors and actuators, it is challenging to identify, often subtle, anomalies caused by these faults. In this paper, we develop a cluster analysis method for anomaly detection. The proposed method consolidates

Switch to energy-efficient air conditioning systems and the use of eco-friendly building materials would result in significant energy savings and reductions in CO2 emissions. Thermally activated building system (TABS) is a promising low-energy cooling technology, which provides better thermal comfort than the conventional air conditioning system. In TABS, cooled water circulated in the tubes embedded

Lighting is an essential component of the built environment, affecting the comfort of the indoor environment as well as the energy use. Luminance-based lighting control is expected to both enhance the comfort and energy savings as the luminance distribution is very versatile. In this study, the feasibility of such system is tested using two alternative luminance-based lighting control algorithms. Algorithm

Polymer heat exchangers are gaining increasing attention in the field of air cooling applications. This paper aims to present a parametrical analysis on a membrane-based semi-direct evaporative cooler (MSDEC) with internal baffles. A mathematical model has been established to achieve an in-depth understanding of the heat and mass transfer process of the proposed MSDEC. An experimental system has been

Long-term daily peak demand forecast plays an important role in the effective and economic operations and planning of power systems. However, many uncertainties and building demand variability, which are associated with climate and socio-economic changes, complicate demand forecasting and expose power system operators to the risk of failing to meet electricity demand. This study presents a new approach

Around 25% of final energy consumption in the European Union is currently used for space heating. The potential for reducing this demand through renovation of existing buildings is very significant and recognised to be an important factor for reaching CO2 reduction targets. In this analysis we develop two types of cost curves for heat savings in buildings in 6 European countries. This is based on a

This paper reviews and analyzes technological design options, which have become available to date for BIPV systems on roofs and facades, independently of specific products or building projects. This means that this survey does not analyze existing products or realized buildings, but provides an overview of the technologies for BIPV. The starting point is an analysis of the relevance of BIPV technologies

Glazing transparency provides buildings with valuable solar energy during periods of colder weather, thus contributing to the mitigation of climate change. However, this same transparency also leads to heat loss which can offset heat gains. Although the use of insulated glazing addresses this challenge by multiplying the number of glass panes, at the same time it reduces the solar factor and thus the

In building application, sensor faults in chilled water system would cause extra electricity consumption or thermal comfort problems. In the computerized building management system, it is important to automatically detect, diagnose and correct different categories of sensor faults. To realise this aim, a novel 2-stage pattern recognition-enhanced sensor fault detection and diagnosis (PRe-SFDD) was

The primary goal of this work was to develop, demonstrate, and evaluate a fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) system that incorporates integrated virtual sensors and fault impact models for decision support. FDD systems have the potential for improving energy efficiency along with reducing service costs. To achieve this goal, virtual sensors and fault impact models that only require low cost measurements

Recently, detailed building energy models are being widely used for building control assessments. When conducting such assessments, year-long simulations are usually deployed to cover as many building operation conditions as possible. However, year-long simulations can become computationally cumbersome, given the inherent nonlinearities of high-fidelity, detailed building models. In this paper, we

Solar radiation considerably influences the energy consumption of buildings and the power production of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. Hourly solar insolation (Wh/m2), represented as the amount of solar irradiance collected on the ground during a 1-h period, is the most common solar radiation data available and widely used in weather files applied in building energy modeling programs

Building commissioning (Cx) is a process for assuring efficient building operations that can be applied to new construction and existing buildings, resulting in energy and non-energy benefits. Quantifying the benefits of commissioning is challenging, but a 2009 study of 643 commercial buildings provided a solid initial data set to which we added 839 additional buildings for a significantly expanded

In the past 12 years, the United Kingdom (UK) has made significant progress in making domestic dwellings more efficient. Presently, the domestic sector is required to meet the UK’s net-zero target in new and renovated dwellings by 2050. As a measure in this on-going determination, the UK has constructed a number of Zero Energy Bill Homes (ZEBH) in Corby, Nottinghamshire, which is currently a part of

In the last decade, extended efforts have been poured into energy efficiency. Several energy consumption datasets were henceforth published, with each dataset varying in properties, uses and limitations. For instance, building energy consumption patterns are sourced from several sources, including ambient conditions, user occupancy, weather conditions and consumer preferences. Thus, a proper understanding

Free cooling is commonly used in data centers to reduce cooling system energy consumption using a water-side economizer (WSE). In this system, cooling mode is switched when wet bulb temperature (Twb) reaches switchover temperature (Tsw), and the cooling tower fans are controlled to maintain a specified cooling water approach temperature (Tapp). Typically, both Tsw and Tapp values are fixed. However

Developing economies struggle with both dealing with a housing shortage and reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Appropriate constructive systems can play a role in satisfying thermal comfort and providing least cost solutions. In Brazil, an innovative constructive system – precast reinforced concrete panel (RCP) – has been increasingly used to raise productivity during the building construction

Thermal energy storage systems based on phase change materials (PCM) are used to shift the peak load in buildings. An effective method to improve the performance of such system is to bury it in the soil to take advantage of soil’s high thermal inertia. In this study, the model of underground buried water tank integrated with PCM panels as thermal accumulators is firstly proposed for a heat pump system

In the cold and moderate climates the energy demand for heating of fresh ventilation air is crucial. The mechanical ventilation systems with heat recovery are used to decrease the peak power of the heating system and to save the energy. In a case of wall-type heat recovery units there is a doubt about the possibility of mixing fresh and exhausted air in the combined intake-outtake device. In this paper

Buildings in hot humid climates are energy intensive to operate. Energy consumption in Saudi Arabia is almost three times higher than the global average, and one of the major contributors to that is the residential sector. Increasing environmental and economic concerns, in the form of Saudi Vision 2030, mean that the existing unsustainable residential building stock has to be energy retrofitted. This

Evolving cooling needs have promoted the examination of passive low energy cooling solutions such as Earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHE). These systems heat or cool passing air based on the seasonal air-soil temperature differences, therefore exhibiting a natural correlation between system performance and climate. Key performance indicators (KPIs) of EAHE cooling potential generated from climatic indicators

Overheating in built environments during climate extreme heat events is a major concern to human health, particularly for people vulnerable to prolonged exposure to heat and humidity. However, currently available methods for assessing the risk of overheating lack robust procedures to evaluate the effects of overheating on the comfort and health of vulnerable occupants residing in the various different

The stratified air conditioning systems are widely used in large space buildings. Stratified air conditioning load (SACL) is the basis for determining the cooling capacity of air conditioning system, and it is also the key to assess its energy savings of stratified cooling. Calculation of the radiant heat transfer load (RHTL) is the difficult point to determine the SACL. In recent years, there have

The goal of this investigation was to evaluate potential energy impacts of circadian lighting design recommendations that are gaining attention in a variety of common applications such as offices and classrooms. The renewed focus on health along with advances in solid-state lighting technology capabilities has underscored that there is still much to learn regarding the relationship between light and

The paper analyses effects of changes in temperatures on heating and cooling demands in Europe until 2050. Specifically, the study addresses changes in trends (10-year mean) and extremes (10-year min/max). The analysis is based on two GHG emission climate scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP4.5) and eight high-resolution regional climate models and results are provided as relative and absolute changes on grid

Standing column wells can provide energy savings at lower first-costs than conventional vertical ground heat exchangers while having a higher potential in dense urban areas. Unfortunately, operating these open wells with groundwater near the freezing point has limited so far their use in northern climates and studies illustrating their successful operation in heating mode are limited. The objective

Future district heating systems (DHS) will be supplied by renewable sources, most of which are limited in temperature and flow rate. Therefore, operational optimization of DHS is required to maximize the use of renewable sources and minimize (fossil) peak loads. In this paper, we present a robust and fast model-predictive control approach to use the thermal mass of buildings as a daily storage without

A pressing task for future energy systems is the design and operation of systems that integrate large shares of renewable energy while improving overall system efficiency. Because buildings consume about 32 % of the total global final energy use, they are of vital importance. In recent years, technical and socio-economic studies, as well as hands-on experience, have concluded that the integration and

Annually, 48% of the global energy is used by buildings in their construction, operation, and maintenance, causing significant damage to the environment due to the resulting greenhouse gas emissions. During their life cycles, buildings use energy in the form of embodied energy (EE) and operating energy (OE). In a conventional building, EE accounts for 10-20% of a building’s life cycle energy (LCE)

The ice-pad refrigeration and space heating energy demand in air-heated ice-rink arenas dominate the total energy demand. Accordingly, the overall energy usage is a weak function of ambient temperature. This makes it possible to analyze the energy demand in steady-state conditions. This study aims to develop a simplified calculation tool to enable non-expert users to accomplish the following: First

The growth of the population in cities and the increase in the use of construction materials caused the cities' internal temperature to increase, producing the effect known as urban heat island. For this reason, there is scientific interest in mitigation methods of adaptation to this effect in the construction area. The main objective of this research is to analyse the scientific articles published

After the Green Building Regulations in the Zhejiang Province was put into effect in May 2016, cities and prefectures in the province were given directives to set their own individual targets for the provision of green buildings. The city of Ningbo decided to use this opportunity to develop a systematic procedure, using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), to identify which allotments within

Buildings consumed about 30% of total commercial energy and emitted 28% of the CO2 in the world in 2018. A new and effective approach to reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission is to develop building envelopes with variable thermo-physical property materials such as phase change materials (PCMs) and/or smart glazing material, so as to make full use of climate resources including solar energy

In winter, a large amount of icing and snowing occurs in outdoor equipment and systems, which adversely affects their lifespan. The melting process is divided into two parts: convection melting and gravity shedding melting. This paper is based on an experiment with a real high-speed train unit, and it establishes a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of the bogie area to validate the

This paper reports and discusses the results of a field study focusing on the examination of thermal comfort conditions in two public buildings in Croatia. The wearable sensors were used for monitoring the occupants’ metabolic responses, along with the standard equipment for measuring thermal comfort. The occupants’ subjective comfort sensation was also investigated through a survey questionnaire and

Thermal environmental adjustment is one of the most important behaviours. In our daily life, we use some behavioural adjustments for thermal comfort such as fan use. The occupant-behavioural stochastic models were proposed by some previous studies. However, the relative proportion of each behaviour has not yet been fully understood. It is important to make it possible to estimate the proportion of

Application of the medium-deep borehole heat exchanger (MDBHE) coupled ground source heat pump (GSHP) system on building heating has been gradually accepted by public and its sustainability becomes a key concern. In this work, a long-term transient heat transfer model for the MDBHE coupled GSHP system is proposed to investigate the effects of various influencing factors on the thermal extraction and