Abstract Commercial streets play an essential role in urban public life, and their appearance constitutes an important visual attraction, which can attract people to form high-quality and active public spaces. However, in the traditional design analysis methods, limited by the existing evaluation tools, the key content of visual attractiveness analysis under dynamic conditions has rarely been paying

Abstract This paper introduces a bioinspired structure design method in the conceptual stage and takes the human femur section as an example, to extract the structural principle from the natural form, and summarizes as the morphological operation rules. The morphological manipulation rules provide a geometric feedback-based design process of both the building structural performance and its space with

ABSTRACT Motivations of tenancy could be related to economic, social, and spatial issues, such as lifecycle/life course, affordability, and accessibility. This implies the diversity of the tenants living in cities. In terms of urban development, Ankara, the capital of Turkey, has an important place in the history of the Republic. Ankara, which has developed, rapidly urbanized and become a metropolis

Abstract The volcanic-rock dwellings are a special kind of traditional vernacular architecture with high value of research, which located in the north of the Hainan Island in China. In order to clarify the thermal mechanism differences between volcanic-rock dwellings and modern dwellings in Haikou, the main factors affecting the thermal comfort of dwellings are analyzed through investigations of indoor

Abstract The Macau Holy House of Mercy was built in 1569 and rebuilt in the 18th century. Located in the historic center of Macao, the Macau Holy House of Mercy is included on the World Heritage List of UNESCO. With the Macau Holy House of Mercy, especially the façade of its neo-classical arcade added in 1905, as the research subject, this study applied the methods of historical document research,

ABSTRACT Researchers believe that the architecture of residential halls has a significant impact on various aspects of students’ lives, especially on the quality of their education. The purpose of this study was to extract and evaluate residential preferences affecting the architecture of dormitories for students in dormitories at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in Iran. The seven extracted indicators

Abstract This article attempts to conduct a spatial study on women’s public toilets, focusing on how the situational and spatial condition of the toilets influence and challenge the women to utilize, avoid, or delay using public toilets. The tourist destination of Kotatua Jakarta was selected for this research due to its strategic policy dimension for the provision of on-street public toilets. The

Abstract Project Management Information Systems (PMIS) have been widely used for effective construction project management especially for EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) projects. It saves a significant amount of time and effort, making project management tasks more effective and efficient. However, most Korean EPC firms develop and use PMIS without validating the system’s compliance

Abstract This research aimed at developing strategies for the renovation of old shophouses in Bangkok ready for mass adoption and application. Shophouses were built with typical designs in a massive number in Bangkok during the 1960s and 1970s. They are now deteriorating, but still occupy a great proportion of the land near the city center. To make shophouse renovation easy for mass adoption and application

Abstract Understanding residents’ perceptions of the urban form can guide efforts to improve the urban milieu. However, existing research on place perception of historic environment has overlooked the social dimension and focused on isolated historic quarters, resulting in “zones of gentrification.” Thus, a comprehensive analytical framework to the urban image inquiry of a megacity historic urban center

Abstract With the rapid development of high-density urban areas and the construction of high-rise complexes, the number of skybridges has increased during the last 20 years. While skybridges in high-rise building complexes have been attracting considerable attention, a few studies have been conducted on state-of-the-art skybridges, but not enough typological research on skybridges has been made based

ABSTRACT Greenhouse gases associated with energy extraction, production, and consumption are considered a major source of environmental pollution that has led to global warming and climate change. In Saudi Arabia, the building sector represents the largest domain of total energy consumption (roughly 80%) followed by the industrial and agricultural sectors. Furthermore, residential buildings consume

ABSTRACT Designing urban landscapes for climate change adaptation and mitigation is highly promoted for contemporary urban development. However, the lack of climate-based design knowledge and techniques in existing urban landscape practice has challenged the implementation. This paper, therefore, introduced climate-led as a practical approach for urban landscape design to overcome such a dilemma. This

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify the staining situation through experiments on sloped walls that are vulnerable to staining and to propose basic measures to prevent staining without additional defect management by taking action in advance at the design stage. A total of 68 prototypes were constructed by measuring the critical angle of the six finishing materials and installing them

Abstract To strengthen its power and resist aggression, the Qing-dynasty government of China began building military-industrial bases after the Opium Wars and to learn advanced Western science and technology. Through nearly 150 years’ development, the former site of Jinling Arsenal has become the largest and most representative architectural group of modern military industrial heritage buildings in

This paper examines underground bunkers in Seoul and explores different ways of reusing spaces that have a problematic heritage. In particular, I look at three bunkers in Seoul—the Yeouido, Kyeongheegung, and Daebangdong bunkers—in comparison to subway stations and other underground spaces designated as potential shelters by the state. I divide the bunkers into two types: those that have been in disuse

Abstract In order to apply damping technology to complex interaction system, a two-dimensional finite element-infinite element coupling model of tunnel-soil-surface building interaction system was established by ABAQUS. By analyzing the acceleration, displacement and stress response of key points of tunnel and surface buildings, the influence of the thickness and buried depth of the shock absorption

ABSTRACT In this situation, it is necessary to establish and manage a SIP (Shelter In Place) by utilizing existing facilities rather than increasing the number of evacuation facilities. These facilities can be used for their general purposes and used as a SIP during emergencies. This study uses BIM software to model a light rail station and examine the elements of the facility that can affect the evacuation

Abstract Prison construction was among the most important infrastructural developments introduced into Taiwan by the Japanese colonial regime in the late nineteenth century. The Japanese-built colonial prisons were characterized by their adaptation of Western-style prison typology, which signified the successful transfer of multiple aspects of modernity from the West, first to an eastern nation and

Abstract This study investigated the wind pressure characteristics of an elliptical plan retractable dome roof. Wind tunnel experiments were performed on elliptical dome roofs with varying wall height-to-span ratios (0.1–0.5) and opening ratios (0, 10, 30, and 50 %), where the opening ratio was defined as the ratio of the open area of the roof to the total area of the roof. The resulting peak pressure

ABSTRACT As a set of new technologies to enhance life-cycle construction management processes, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been introduced to China’s Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries. Adopting the framework of Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) and the theory of innovation diffusion, this study provides an empirical analysis of BIM adoption and its impact

Abstract This paper introduces an efficient methodology for evaluating the first four central moments of performance functions in structural reliability assessment. The procedure of the proposed method is divided into three major steps. First, a performance function is approximated as the sum of univariate and bivariate functions by the bivariate dimension-reduction method. Next, a new criterion based

ABSTRACT Most studies about tunnel environments focus on the adjustment of brightness in tunnels and pay little attention to the decoration of the walls. This study is based on a highway tunnel in Jilin province, China. Five design schemes (white, gray, dark-blue, light-yellow, and blue sky with white clouds) were selected for the tunnel vaults. The experiment was conducted on a self-developed driving

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the playground areas under flyovers/expressways in Bangkok and the children’s point of view regarding the utilization of the areas under flyovers/expressways as playgrounds. To understand the current playground situation in Bangkok, the play patterns of the children therein were observed. Children’s need to play and their satisfaction

Abstract The pit kiln in western Henan is a relatively unique architectural form. With the development of society, pit kilns are facing the dilemma of existence and development. This paper assesses the architectural value of six pit kiln villages in the western part of He’nan Province, China, aiming to explores the methods of traditional building value evaluation, and proposes the evaluation framework

Abstract Current solar thermal systems used in Nepal are mostly for domestic hot water heating. Meanwhile, there is a growing need for space heating. A solar heating system can be configured to provide heat for both space heating and domestic hot water, leading to a solar combisystem. Research on residential solar combisystems in the Nepalean context barely exists in literature. This paper intends

Abstract Chained Training Scheme (CTS) and Chained training scheme with Revised Sequence (CRS) were proposed to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) to design doubly reinforced concrete (RC) beams. CRS and CTS performed training on large datasets based on feature selection scores determined by Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA). CRS-based networks can be trained on inputs and outputs at the same

Abstract In this work, the performance and mechanism of a Chinese traditional sucrose-modified rammed earth-lime were discussed in lab for its potential utilization in the restoration of rammed earth-lime architectural heritages. The results showed that the addition of sucrose would effectively improve compressive strength and wet-dry resistance of rammed earth-lime. The addition of sucrose would markedly

Abstract For a developing country with monument, how to balance urban development and historical buildings protection in the process of urbanization is a key issue worthy of exploration. Xi’an Bell Tower, located in Xi’an city, Shaanxi province, China, is representative of Chinese historic buildings. Aiming at investigating the public’s visual impact assessment of this representative historic building

Abstract Problems of large settlements and uneven settlements on the road always happen during service stage. Reinforced embankments can reduce these problems. But currently the study on the mechanical properties of reinforced embankments during service stage are so few, and lack of measured data. This study uses numerical simulation and on-site measured data analysis to set up a geogrid creep damage

Abstract This study examines changing perceptions of China’s Qing Dynasty within the Joseon Dynasty, focusing on Chinese-style buildings during the late Joseon period (18th-19th). Until the mid-18th century, Joseon views of the Qing Empire were dominated by the northern expedition. These perceptions began to change when yeonhaengsa introduced Qing Dynasty culture to Joseon society. Some progressive

Abstract This study was carried out with the viewpoint that the areas of Mireuksa Buddhist Monastery were established over time rather than simultaneously. We hypothesized that the irregular features around the corridor are due to temporal differences in the composition of the monastery. We tested this hypothesis by reviewing data from the earliest excavation to the present. Then, we examined the relationship

ABSTRACT The traditional houses of the East Anatolian Region were basically a product of climatic conditions. The types of houses here reflect the region’s climatic conditions and display the same type of design in both urban and rural settlements. In response to the region’s long and severe winters, houses were kept closed to the outside, having thick walls, small windows with open and semi-open spaces

Abstract Small-diameter round timber is a kind of by-product mainly from the thinning operation of the plantations. It is plentiful and inexpensive, and is generally destined for non-structural applications. The small-diameter round timber is rarely used as structural members. This study was aimed to provide an innovative but simple way to use the small-diameter round timber as structural members.

Abstract The construction industry is an important part of China’s national economy and has made great contributions to China’s economic development. The sustainable development of the construction industry in China requires in-depth analysis of the industrial chain related to the construction industry and the transformation of its production mode. The average propagation length (APL) model can calculate

ABSTRACT Branching structures are mechanically efficient in supporting large-span structures, such as free-form roofs. To support a roof with a specified geometry, we present a novel shape and topology optimization method to find the optimal branching structure in this paper. In the proposed method, the branching structure is modelled as a cable-net, while the reaction forces in z-direction from the

Abstract Based on the results of the shaking table model tests, the three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation and analysis of the shaking table model test of the soil-box foundation-12-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure system are carried out using ABAQUS software in this paper. The material nonlinearity, geometric nonlinearity, and nonlinearity of the contact interfaces between the foundation

Abstract This study proposes artificial neural networks (ANNs) that can solve structural engineering problems in general and design ductile concrete beams in particular. ANNs demonstrating a learning and memory capability similar to that of the human brain were implemented in the design of doubly reinforced concrete beams. ANNs are developed to map inputs into outputs based on large structural design

ABSTRACT This paper presents an experimental study on the flexural behaviou of reinforced concerent (RC) beams strengthened with prestressed steel wire ropes -polymer mortar composite (PSWR-PM). The effects of reinforcement ratio of steel wire ropes, strengthening procedures, and unbonded length of the steel wire rope-to-polymer mortar interface were studied with large-scale bending tests on RC beams

Abstract To increase the knowledge of bus evacuation in tunnel fire scenarios, we investigated the bus evacuation flow rate in the event of a tunnel fire, starting with a video analysis of the 2012 Hsuehshan tunnel fire in Taiwan, to gain a preliminary understanding of an actual bus evacuation flow rate. Two evacuation situations were manifested with different flow rates: the first one in which bus

Abstract Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) mixture of hybrid fibers has been proven to be an effective type of hybrid fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (HyFRAC). To further investigate the engineering potential for HyFRAC, the orthogonal test method was used to do sensibility analysis on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of HyFRAC. And a prediction model of compressive

Abstract Construction is one of the most dangerous occupations. The most prominent reason for worker accidents is unsafe behavior, particularly rooted in the inability to recognize and appropriately respond to risk factors. Previous studies have investigated worker perception and comprehension of construction hazards and safety information in laboratory settings. A relationship has been found between

Abstract Writing the architecture survey remains one of the biggest challenges in the field. Nineteenth- and twentieth-century Western scholars usually followed a synchronic approach (literally ‘with-time’) and described Chinese architecture without reference to its development and evolution over time. Although synchrony (attention to a particular moment in time) is not incorrect in principle, it is

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the prominent failure modes of educational facilities by using field observations. Specifically, damage to the roof covering, roof structure and exterior windows were quantified. An archetype of these structures is modeled in a Monte Carlo Simulation wherein the probabilistic resistance capacities of the building envelope components are compared to their corresponding

ABSTRACT This is a proposal for a nonlinear analytical model that was developed to predict the structural response of post-tensioned beam with unbonded tendon. The structural response includes deflections under the service load before or after cracking, as well as the ultimate load capacity. A comprehensive procedure for the deflection calculation was implemented, considering the additional shear deformation

Abstract An new long-span assembly composite floor system for use in multi-column frame-tube structure is presented.The basic assembly unit consists of steel truss keel and profile sheet concrete composite slab, which of the two parts are combined together through shear stud.By means of standardized assembly connection structure,such a new floor system can realize a rapid assembly of floor and support

Abstract This study proposes an approach for conducting comparative assessments between renovation and new construction through the use of CIB utility theory systems and applies the methodology to an adaptive case study. To this end, the theoretical underpinnings of CIB were explained in the literature review, and the method of data analysis, selection of usability functions, and standard condition

Abstract Considering a common practical engineering structure, namely, a concrete-filled steel tube (CFST)-steel frame-core tube structure, the rigid connections between the steel beams and the columns/core are modified into hinged connections. In this manner, a 1:40 reduced scale specimen representing a real supertall building that consists of 68 storeys and four underground storeys is constructed

Abstract For as long as the principles of Korean space have been investigated, the madang has been considered as a central issue. However, scholars tend to define this space as a courtyard in the Western sense. Believing that this leads to a misinterpretation that the madang is equivalent to the Western courtyard, a comparative analysis has been conducted in this study for highlighting their peculiarities

Abstract Unsafe behavior is a critical risk factor in the construction industry, but it cannot be quantitatively evaluated by the traditional risk matrix (RM) method. Based on accident cases in the building construction industry in China, probabilistic reasoning from unsafe behaviors to accidents is explored using a Bayesian network (BN) to modify the RM method. The unsafe behaviors involved in 287

Abstract In large-scale residential communities for social housing in China where low-income groups gather, public green space is the most dominant public leisure space for residents. Therefore, researches on the characteristics of leisure activities in these communities and the built environment factors that exert an impact on leisure activities would provide an important theoretical basis for future

In the 1960’s and 1970’s South Korean developmental state, traditionalist and post-traditionalist architects converged upon nation building to create a unique cultural legacy in post-colonial South Korea. The employment of various architectural tectonic approaches using concrete positively re-established concepts like “Joseon” and “Craftsmanship”. Modern materials, like concrete, were pinpointed in

Abstract The dawn of modern architecture education in Japan came as the Meiji Administration established public universities and technical training schools. During the the end of the Taishō period (1912-1926) to the Shōwa period (1926-1989), with rapid social modernization, construction technologies also needed to be modernized. In the private education sector, Waseda University, the pioneer in individualized

Abstract Vegetation has been considered as an effective strategy to combat the urban heat island effect. Most researches have focused on evaluating the cooling effect of trees in the urban thermal environment. Little attention has been paid to the cooling effect of the combination of different vegetation elements. Moreover, most studies are focused on the horizontal cooling performance of plants, while

Abstract The aim of this article is to develop a sustainable measurement scale that covers various aspects of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental activities in high-rise building constructions that are localized for Erbil city. To achieve this goal, the key methods that we used were to review the relevant literature to find the value and the global scale rating system, which then formed the

Abstract The accident rate in Korean construction industry is much higher compared to the one in other industries. One of the main reasons for this problem is the health and safety management cost (HSC) estimation method which does not reflect the project features at construction sites. In Korea, health and safety management cost is estimated by applying a legally designated ratio in proportion to

Abstract The subjective thermal comfort intervention of landscape elements has been few characterized in previous studies. Therefore, we conducted field studies at eight open spaces in the residential areas of Guangzhou, a city with a humid subtropical climate in China. Data based on physical measurements and questionnaire surveys were collected under a variety of weather conditions during summer and

ABSTRACT This paper used a philosophy method called knowledge archaeology to identify the relations between the Venice Architecture Biennale and the Pritzker Architecture Prize. Two questions were posed: (1) “Who is speaking” in the biennale and prize, respectively? (2) Do the biennale and curating change architectural thinking? Through knowledge archaeology, the domain-specific knowledge graphs of

Abstract This paper aims to compare the ranking of ten structural analysis software applications in terms of six factors: Standardization, Reliability, Longevity, Usability, Price, and Functionality. The study surveyed structural design engineers from various countries around the world, collecting their opinions on the relative importance between the six factors. The respondents were also asked to

Abstract In this study, a resident questionnaire survey was conducted for three reinforced-concrete high-rise condominium buildings in Sapporo. All three were subjected to the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake. Resident experiences of shaking and damage due to the earthquake, the seismic measures taken before and after the earthquake, and conditions during the long-term blackout were evaluated