The oxidative aging of bitumen was investigated chemically and structurally using SARA analysis, TOF-SIMS and AFM. Typical wax-containing and non-waxy bitumen samples were selected. Short- and long-term aging tests were conducted under standard conditions, and at prolonged aging times. For both the wax-containing and non-waxy bitumen, aging significantly decreases the aromatic fraction and at the same

This paper presents a systematical investigation on the mechanical behaviours of frozen subgrade soil under various stress paths. A series of triaxial compression tests under six typical linear stress paths were conducted on artificially saturated frozen samples at a temperature of −6.0 °C by using triaxial low-temperature apparatus (MTS-810). The effects of stress path on mechanical behaviours such

Increased pavement temperature leads to urban heat island effect and thermal distress in pavements. The reduction in pavement temperature reduces the risk of thermal cracks in pavements and also contributes to the mitigation of the urban heat island effect. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the effect of incorporating PVC-glass mix on the thermal and mechanical properties of cement concrete

With increasing economic pressures worldwide, the amount of money spent on pavement preservation needs to become more effectively utilised. Historically, the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) study has led to data-driven performance expectations for treatments. Pavement management systems (PMS) allowed many to form analytical methods to evaluate pavement performance, from trend fitting to benefit

This study attempts to scrutinise the effect of RAP on Performance Grade (PG), fatigue, and low temperature performance of polymer modified binder (PMB40). Furthermore, analytical, and analogical modelling was conducted. RAP from two sources was blended with PMB40 in proportions of 15%, 25%, and 40%. Thereafter, PG isochronal temperature sweeps, isothermal frequency sweeps and bending beam rheometer

Expansive soil subgrade exhibits low volumetric stability due to moisture imbalance, rendering pavement serviceability loss. In the present study, an effort is made to improve the subgrade strength behavior of expansive soils by combining it with alkali activated binder (AAB) with chemically treated coir (TCF) and hemp fiber (THF). The research also compares the effectiveness of TCF and THF reinforced

Computational mechanics has proven to be a useful method to understand and assess the mechanical behaviour and main degradation mechanisms of Porous Friction Courses (PFC) at the microstructural level. However, a common limitation when preparing these models is the difficulty to achieve realistic microstructures. The ideal model to evaluate the mechanical behaviour and the degradation mechanisms of

ABSTRACT Polyester concrete PC is composed of aggregate, polyester resin as binding material, and fillers when needed. Sustainable polyester concrete pavement SPCP is composed of recycled aggregate, polyester resin as binding material, and fine waste material used as fillers like fly ash. SPCP can be used as rigid pavement construction. Because of its properties like high compressive strength, high

Linking the chemical composition of bitumen to its microstructure is challenge due to its complexity, viscoelasticity and sensitivity to high energy input. Therefore, fluorescence spectroscopy combined with fluorescence microscopy are promising tools, as they are capable to link the materials fluorescence behaviour to its respective microstructural features. Herein, these techniques were coupled with

This paper presents a review of investigations that recognised the effect of vehicle-pavement interaction (VPI) mechanism in estimating flexible pavement performance criteria. This state-of-the-art review highlights the importance of dynamic traffic loads illustrated through vehicular models that have potential in simulating realistic field conditions in the mechanistic pavement design process. Furthermore

ABSTRACT Previous research studies have indicated that each bituminous component plays a different role in rheological properties of bitumen. However, a few literature studies focus on rheological parameters of bitumen at component level. This paper aims to investigate the intuitive influence of rheological parameters of maltenes on rheological properties of bitumen. Saturates, aromatics, resins and

Re-refined Engine Oil Bottoms (REOB) has been used in recycled asphalt materials for flexible pavements in recent decade, due to its effects on softening aged binder and relatively low cost. However, concerns on the pavement performance of those materials including REOB in asphalt binders have been reported and linked to the use of REOB. Consequently, methods for detecting and quantifying REOB in asphalt

The use of durable coloured surface treatment can be one of the best cost reduction strategies for road maintenance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying natural iron oxide red pigments in a slurry seal mix design in order to change the colour of this type of asphalt and evaluate its performance. In this regard, first, the physical and chemical properties of the

ABSTRACT An interlaboratory study was conducted among 20 European road asphalt laboratories, to screen current test protocols for testing low temperature properties of asphalt binders using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) with 4 mm diameter parallel plate geometry. From the comparison of the test protocols for conducting temperature-frequency sweep tests between −30°C and 0°C, and between 0.1 and 10 Hz

In this paper, grey relational analysis (GRA) and fuzzy logic were successfully combined with Taguchi optimization method and utilized on multiple quality responses to optimize ternary additives for the improvement of expansive soil properties. The ternary additives included sawdust ash (SDA), quarry dust (QD) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) additives. Signal-to noise ratios were estimated for each

The design of hot recycled asphalt mixes with high RAP content, say more than 25%, as per existing guidelines is complex compared to the conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) design. This is due to the fact that the mix design requires the properties of bitumen in the RAP material and hence, it involves using solvents to recover the bitumen and testing of the recovered bitumen using sophisticated equipment

In this work, the tire-track resistance performance of thermosetting acrylic resin polymers was studied thoroughly for the purpose of removing tire tracks and improving the colour durability of coloured asphalt pavement. The Wilhelmy plate method and sessile drop technique were applied to measure the surface energy of three types of acrylic resin emulsions as well as rubber tires. On the other hand

The surface temperature of asphalt pavement can be exceedingly high in summer while the heat conserved in the pavement tends to be rapidly lost in winter, which leads to rutting and cracking distresses, respectively. Thermochromic material with its ability to change colour subject to temperature variations, was used in this study to control road surface temperature. Three types of thermochromic materials

Solvent deasphalted (SDA) residue is produced from the solvent deasphalting process, one of the heavy oil refining processes, and is considered to be more difficult to form or process because more oil is removed than asphalt used as a bituminous material for road pavement. In this study, to evaluate the applicability of the SDA residue as a crack sealant, it was modified with oil, crumb rubber, and

Environmental considerations have caused the alkali-activated slag (AAS) cements to emerge as a promising sustainable substitute for the ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This study is aimed to the results of some comprehensive experimental researches performed on the AAS concrete with different types of partial replacement of binder including fly ash, silica fume, and red mud in terms of mechanical

The new generation superplasitcizers affect air-entraining stability and, consequently, the air void characteristics in hardened concrete. As part of research 6 air entrained and 6 non air entrained concretes with a variable water-cement ratio liquefied, using modified polycarboxylates. The air void characteristics in hardened concretes were determined using the automatic RapidAir 457 system according

ABSTRACT The water/cement (w/c) ratio plays a critical role in the strength development of stabilised materials. The mechanical and durability properties of pavement materials are affected by the w/c ratio. The high water absorption of construction and demolition (C&D) materials, along with the importance of moisture content in achieving the targeted compaction density for these materials requires

ABSTRACT Self-healing of asphalt is assumed to be a flow process where bitumen flows into cracks to close them. Hence, the rheological behaviour of bitumen is one of the main factors affecting self-healing together with damage history, healing duration and pressure (external compressive forces or internal thermal expansion). Bitumen-filler interaction influences the flow and it is hypothesised that

Loess resources are abundant and widely distributed in the world, but insufficient strength and water-stability cannot meet the requirements of subgrade soil. Ordinary soil reinforcement technology does not apply to loess. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the application of copolymers as soil curing agents in pavement construction and the treatment of loess. The effect of CSS (cement

ABSTRACT Improving the characteristics of bitumen emulsion is among important methods for the enhancement of cold asphalt mixture properties. Thus the researchers usually focus on different additives, polymers and also manufacturing methods to improve the quality of bitumen emulsion. Accordingly, in this study, the characteristics of different bitumen emulsions modified by Styrene–Butadiene Rubber

The aim of this study is to introduce a new theoretical framework for incorporating the effects of temperature fluctuations into current pavement design approaches by using the cumulative damage concept. Until now, the effective temperature (Teff ) concept, which can integrate the effects of seasonal or monthly temperature fluctuations within a given annual temperature into pavement design, has been

The present study investigates the potential of using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) aggregates for sustainable concrete paver blocks. Using RAP in its as-received state (with stiff asphalt coating, dust impurities, and agglomerated particles) and a higher proportion of coarse aggregates in the paver block mix design were some of the barriers tried to overcome during the experimental investigation

This study details the results of a laboratory study conducted to evaluate the properties of cement grouted bituminous mixes (CGBM) prepared with marginal aggregates. A conventional dense-graded bituminous concrete mix was also considered for the purpose of comparison. The CGBM specimens prepared were then evaluated in terms of its strength (Stability and Indirect Tensile strength), Elastic properties

This study has been undertaken to investigate the benefit of using a sustainable water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide on different properties of pavement surface materials for low-volume roads. This study is centered on the engineering and physical properties performance at specimen and particle levels of three types of soils ranged from non-cohesive to medium and very cohesive soils. At specimen level

In asphalt mixture, a strong affinity between binder and aggregates is of prime importance, especially under conditions susceptible to moisture damage. Out of various modifiers/additives used in the literature, the hydrated lime (HL) has been reported as most suitable for improving affinity between binder and aggregates. Therefore, this study attempted to quantify the affinity of HL modified mastics

This work presents the development of new fatigue performance indices for asphalt binders based on viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) theory and failure energy. Five plant-produced asphalt mixtures were subjected to three different conditioning levels (short-term ageing during production and loose mix ageing for 5 and 12 days at 95°C in the laboratory) and the corresponding binders were extracted

The δ-method has been developed to estimate molecular weight distributions of bitumens from phase-angle master curves. The method uses a correlation between the cross-over frequency(ωC) and the molecular weight (MW) that was developed from average MW measured by vapour pressure osmometry. This study proposes a revised correlation whose parameters have been calculated from Gel Permeation Chromatography

Due to environmental and economic advantages, cold mix asphalt (CMA) can be considered as a good alternative to conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA). Nevertheless, it has inferior performance compared to HMA, so that the application of CMA is not recommended in the surface layer of pavements subjected to high traffic volume and/or regions with very cold or hot climate. Considering the high potential

The styrene–butadiene-styrene (SBS) and crumb rubber (CR) composite modified asphalt (SBS/CRMA) possesses favourable mechanical performance but poor storage stability. The purposes of this study are aiming to investigate the changes in storage properties of SBS/CRMA and propose a corresponding improvement approach in the laboratory and further provide a storage guidance for the field application. The

This paper investigates the effects of air-void and binder content on the cracking mechanism of asphalt concrete by using induction heating. Semi-circular bending test was used to evaluate the cracking resistance of induction asphalt mixture, including fracture energy index, crack velocity, crack resistance index, and flexibility index. Compaction energy index was computed to evaluate the influence

ABSTRACT Heavy snowfall is the most influential factor in the interruption of road vehicular transit during the winter months, sometimes even causing inaccessibility to certain areas. Traditional maintenance strategies address this issue with mechanical solutions combined with the implementation of “de-icing salts”. However, these “de-icing” salts can cause severe damage to the local ecosystem and

ABSTRACT Epoxy asphalt is a high performance pavement material, but the poor toughness of epoxy asphalt at low temperature has limited its utilisation. Hyperbranched polyester (HBP) is a spherical polymer with highly branched structures, which can effectively improve the toughness of epoxy asphalt. However, hydroxyl-terminated HBP would accelerate the reaction rate of epoxy asphalt because of the rapid

Although epoxy resin-modified asphalt mixture (ERMAM) shows excellent performances as used in bridge deck pavement, its cost is high and low-temperature anti-cracking resistance is poor, so unsaturated polyester resin-modified asphalt mixture (UPRMAM) is proposed to replace ERMAM. However, there is still a great gap in strength between UPRMAM and ERMAM. In this paper, 4,4′-bismaleimidodi-phenylmethane

Emulsified asphalt as an indispensable raw material for high-speed railway ballastless slab track and pavement structure is subjected to different combinations of material and construction parameters leading to uncontrollable demulsification time. By examining the demulsification time of cationic emulsified asphalt mixed with cement or cement and sand, the factors influencing the demulsification time

The use of bituminous subballast (BS) in railways has gained importance due to structural and geometrical enhancing properties of these infrastructures. Oftentimes, during renovations the paving quality control of bituminous mixtures is compromised due to reduced time span. To verify the effects of significant air voids content variation on the mechanical response of railway tracks, this paper performed

Mineral filler, fine-grained mineral particles naturally present in or manufactured and added to aggregates play a significant role on the performance of asphalt mastic and asphalt mixtures. A clear understanding of effects of filler on the properties of asphalt paving mixtures is critical to ensure a good asphalt mixture design and its field performance. In this study, the basic properties of mineral

The mineral filler is an integral constituent of asphalt mixture, which affects its performance. This research investigates the effect of using four local industrial waste/by-product materials (marble, granite, steel slag and hydrated lime powder) as mineral fillers on asphalt mixtures characteristics. The detailed performance of these materials as well as asphalt binder and asphalt mixture characteristics

Asphalt binders are known to exhibit an inherent ability to repair damage. Such self-healing potentially affects the fatigue damage performance of bituminous materials. There are contradicting findings about the effects of aging and polymer modification on healing. The effectiveness of rejuvenating agents also has not been sufficiently addressed. In the present study, three healing indices have been

ABSTRACT A novel catalytic-reactive compounded rejuvenator containing aromatic oil (AO), epoxidised soybean oil (ESO) and triphenyl phosphine (TPP, catalyst) was developed to rejuvenate aged SBS-modified asphalt (SBSMA).Three types of rejuvenator (AO, AO/ESO, AO/ESO(TPP)) were employed to rejuvenate long-term aged SBSMA. The results show that 10 wt% AO can obviously improve the physical properties

This paper investigates the factors that influence the strength and moisture damage resistance of foamed asphalt cold recycled mixtures. The relevant factors include gradation, asphalt penetration, mixing temperature, particle size of virgin aggregates, and the curing time and moisture content. Indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests under dry and wet conditions were conducted to evaluate the mixture

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) contain significant amounts of bitumen and their application in new constructions have been promoted as a sustainable practice in the pavement industry and to promote circular economy. However, this effort has faced challenges such as the aged bitumen’s inferior properties compared to the virgin counterpart and its unknown contribution

The soil–rock mixture (SRM) usually contains a large amount of gravels exceeding 40 mm in size, so the traditional laboratory method cannot directly test its maximum dry density (MD), making it difficult to evaluate the compaction degree of the SRM subgrade during construction. In this paper, a numerical simulation method of the vibration compaction method for the SRM (NSM-VCM) was developed based

The realistic prediction of long term performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) has been a challenging task for the pavement industry. This study aims to investigate the effect of soybean derived oil and aggregate petrology on the HMA performance. The properties of HMA were evaluated using Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC), indirect tensile (IDT) strength, dynamic modulus and semicircular bend (SCB) tests

This paper presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict the 28-day compressive strength of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) mixes containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates. Three supervised learning ANN algorithms, namely, Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularisation (BR), and Scaled-Conjugate Gradient (SCG) were used to predict the 28-day compressive strength

In this study, the fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures with high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content and rejuvenating agents (RA) has been investigated at the level of fine aggregate matrix (FAM) mix. Fatigue tests were conducted on four mixes: FAM without RAP, FAM with 25% RAP binder replacement, FAM with 25% RAP and two types of rejuvenators. Both the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) and conventional

The warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology is commonly applied for highway pavements in high-altitude plateau regions in China, where extreme weather conditions are common. The study is to evaluate the performance of WMA with different additives in the areas. The tests show that all the additives could reduce the viscosity of asphalt binder to reduce the mixing and compacting temperature of asphalt mixture

In this work, we study the contribution of crumb rubber (CR) and waste plastic (WP) to improve the thermal-oxidative bitumen aging resistance in short and long terms. All binders were exposed to short-term aging using RTFOT test (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test) and long-term aging using PAV test (Pressure Aging Vessel). The bitumen aging was characterised using physical and rheological tests such as penetration

Concrete pavements at military airbases are often subjected to extreme aircraft operating conditions such as exposure to high thermal shocks and hydrocarbon fluids, which cause premature degradation and loss of strength. As part of this research project, we replicated aircraft operating circumstances, and investigated their consequences on plain cement mortar as well as on a special type of cement mortar

Asphalt binder ageing leads to significant changes in mechanical and physicochemical properties and often to premature cracking in asphalt pavements. A polymer-modified asphalt binder is repeatedly aged through laboratory techniques, i.e. rolling thin film oven test and pressure ageing vessel. The resulting properties of the aged binder are analysed using dynamic shear rheometer, Fourier transform

Longitudinal joints existing in between the lanes of asphalt pavements may initiate deterioration. Traditionally, core density, deflection, and nuclear density tests are used for the quality control. However, such techniques may not suit to the surface at the joints to assess their condition. Alternatively, the ultrasonic surface wave (USW) methods have the potential to both assess the longitudinal

Rutting is one of the main asphalt pavement distresses, and it is believed that binder properties play an important role in mixture’s potential rutting resistance. Generally, in the Superpave design system asphalt binder is selected based on the binder PG grade required for the climate. However, to implement performance control through the traditional Superpave PG system during mix design faces more

To assess the resistance of asphalt mixes to permanent deformations, the wheel tracking tests are frequently used, what requires specialized equipment as well as relatively large size samples. For this reason, researchers are seeking for a more simple test that will help to assess the rut resistance of asphalt mixes. According to Christensen and Bonaquist as well as Zaniewski and Srinivasan, this may

The benefit of reinforcement in pavement sections can be quantified in terms of Layer Coefficient Ratio (LCR). In the present study, a series of Large-Scale Model Experiments (LSMEs) were conducted to quantify the LCRs considering unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced base layers overlying soft to stiff subgrades. Based on extensive LSME testing of reinforced base layers, LCRs were found to range from

Addition of fibres has been recently studied as an effective method to enhance soil. To investigate the reinforcing effect of fibres on the shear strength of soil, polypropylene fibres are added into clay sample and the shear strength of clay is measured. Four different fibre contents and fibre lengths are used. The experimental results indicate that fibre content of 0.3% and fibre length of 9 mm is

This study aimed to develop, evaluate, and validate a new cyclic cracking assessment test that has advantages over the available monotonic and cyclic cracking assessment tests. Also, it addresses the major concerns related to the implementation of the Balanced Mix Design (BMD) such as long specimen preparation and testing time and the validity of cracking performance assessment tests. The laboratory