This work presents the development of new fatigue performance indices for asphalt binders based on viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) theory and failure energy. Five plant-produced asphalt mixtures were subjected to three different conditioning levels (short-term ageing during production and loose mix ageing for 5 and 12 days at 95°C in the laboratory) and the corresponding binders were extracted

The δ-method has been developed to estimate molecular weight distributions of bitumens from phase-angle master curves. The method uses a correlation between the cross-over frequency(ωC) and the molecular weight (MW) that was developed from average MW measured by vapour pressure osmometry. This study proposes a revised correlation whose parameters have been calculated from Gel Permeation Chromatography

Due to environmental and economic advantages, cold mix asphalt (CMA) can be considered as a good alternative to conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA). Nevertheless, it has inferior performance compared to HMA, so that the application of CMA is not recommended in the surface layer of pavements subjected to high traffic volume and/or regions with very cold or hot climate. Considering the high potential

The styrene–butadiene-styrene (SBS) and crumb rubber (CR) composite modified asphalt (SBS/CRMA) possesses favourable mechanical performance but poor storage stability. The purposes of this study are aiming to investigate the changes in storage properties of SBS/CRMA and propose a corresponding improvement approach in the laboratory and further provide a storage guidance for the field application. The

This paper investigates the effects of air-void and binder content on the cracking mechanism of asphalt concrete by using induction heating. Semi-circular bending test was used to evaluate the cracking resistance of induction asphalt mixture, including fracture energy index, crack velocity, crack resistance index, and flexibility index. Compaction energy index was computed to evaluate the influence

ABSTRACT Heavy snowfall is the most influential factor in the interruption of road vehicular transit during the winter months, sometimes even causing inaccessibility to certain areas. Traditional maintenance strategies address this issue with mechanical solutions combined with the implementation of “de-icing salts”. However, these “de-icing” salts can cause severe damage to the local ecosystem and

ABSTRACT Epoxy asphalt is a high performance pavement material, but the poor toughness of epoxy asphalt at low temperature has limited its utilisation. Hyperbranched polyester (HBP) is a spherical polymer with highly branched structures, which can effectively improve the toughness of epoxy asphalt. However, hydroxyl-terminated HBP would accelerate the reaction rate of epoxy asphalt because of the rapid

Although epoxy resin-modified asphalt mixture (ERMAM) shows excellent performances as used in bridge deck pavement, its cost is high and low-temperature anti-cracking resistance is poor, so unsaturated polyester resin-modified asphalt mixture (UPRMAM) is proposed to replace ERMAM. However, there is still a great gap in strength between UPRMAM and ERMAM. In this paper, 4,4′-bismaleimidodi-phenylmethane

Emulsified asphalt as an indispensable raw material for high-speed railway ballastless slab track and pavement structure is subjected to different combinations of material and construction parameters leading to uncontrollable demulsification time. By examining the demulsification time of cationic emulsified asphalt mixed with cement or cement and sand, the factors influencing the demulsification time

The use of bituminous subballast (BS) in railways has gained importance due to structural and geometrical enhancing properties of these infrastructures. Oftentimes, during renovations the paving quality control of bituminous mixtures is compromised due to reduced time span. To verify the effects of significant air voids content variation on the mechanical response of railway tracks, this paper performed

Mineral filler, fine-grained mineral particles naturally present in or manufactured and added to aggregates play a significant role on the performance of asphalt mastic and asphalt mixtures. A clear understanding of effects of filler on the properties of asphalt paving mixtures is critical to ensure a good asphalt mixture design and its field performance. In this study, the basic properties of mineral

The mineral filler is an integral constituent of asphalt mixture, which affects its performance. This research investigates the effect of using four local industrial waste/by-product materials (marble, granite, steel slag and hydrated lime powder) as mineral fillers on asphalt mixtures characteristics. The detailed performance of these materials as well as asphalt binder and asphalt mixture characteristics

Asphalt binders are known to exhibit an inherent ability to repair damage. Such self-healing potentially affects the fatigue damage performance of bituminous materials. There are contradicting findings about the effects of aging and polymer modification on healing. The effectiveness of rejuvenating agents also has not been sufficiently addressed. In the present study, three healing indices have been

ABSTRACT A novel catalytic-reactive compounded rejuvenator containing aromatic oil (AO), epoxidised soybean oil (ESO) and triphenyl phosphine (TPP, catalyst) was developed to rejuvenate aged SBS-modified asphalt (SBSMA).Three types of rejuvenator (AO, AO/ESO, AO/ESO(TPP)) were employed to rejuvenate long-term aged SBSMA. The results show that 10 wt% AO can obviously improve the physical properties

This paper investigates the factors that influence the strength and moisture damage resistance of foamed asphalt cold recycled mixtures. The relevant factors include gradation, asphalt penetration, mixing temperature, particle size of virgin aggregates, and the curing time and moisture content. Indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests under dry and wet conditions were conducted to evaluate the mixture

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) contain significant amounts of bitumen and their application in new constructions have been promoted as a sustainable practice in the pavement industry and to promote circular economy. However, this effort has faced challenges such as the aged bitumen’s inferior properties compared to the virgin counterpart and its unknown contribution

The soil–rock mixture (SRM) usually contains a large amount of gravels exceeding 40 mm in size, so the traditional laboratory method cannot directly test its maximum dry density (MD), making it difficult to evaluate the compaction degree of the SRM subgrade during construction. In this paper, a numerical simulation method of the vibration compaction method for the SRM (NSM-VCM) was developed based

The realistic prediction of long term performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) has been a challenging task for the pavement industry. This study aims to investigate the effect of soybean derived oil and aggregate petrology on the HMA performance. The properties of HMA were evaluated using Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC), indirect tensile (IDT) strength, dynamic modulus and semicircular bend (SCB) tests

This paper presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict the 28-day compressive strength of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) mixes containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates. Three supervised learning ANN algorithms, namely, Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularisation (BR), and Scaled-Conjugate Gradient (SCG) were used to predict the 28-day compressive strength

In this study, the fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures with high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content and rejuvenating agents (RA) has been investigated at the level of fine aggregate matrix (FAM) mix. Fatigue tests were conducted on four mixes: FAM without RAP, FAM with 25% RAP binder replacement, FAM with 25% RAP and two types of rejuvenators. Both the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) and conventional

The warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology is commonly applied for highway pavements in high-altitude plateau regions in China, where extreme weather conditions are common. The study is to evaluate the performance of WMA with different additives in the areas. The tests show that all the additives could reduce the viscosity of asphalt binder to reduce the mixing and compacting temperature of asphalt mixture

In this work, we study the contribution of crumb rubber (CR) and waste plastic (WP) to improve the thermal-oxidative bitumen aging resistance in short and long terms. All binders were exposed to short-term aging using RTFOT test (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test) and long-term aging using PAV test (Pressure Aging Vessel). The bitumen aging was characterised using physical and rheological tests such as penetration

Concrete pavements at military airbases are often subjected to extreme aircraft operating conditions such as exposure to high thermal shocks and hydrocarbon fluids, which cause premature degradation and loss of strength. As part of this research project, we replicated aircraft operating circumstances, and investigated their consequences on plain cement mortar as well as on a special type of cement mortar

Asphalt binder ageing leads to significant changes in mechanical and physicochemical properties and often to premature cracking in asphalt pavements. A polymer-modified asphalt binder is repeatedly aged through laboratory techniques, i.e. rolling thin film oven test and pressure ageing vessel. The resulting properties of the aged binder are analysed using dynamic shear rheometer, Fourier transform

Longitudinal joints existing in between the lanes of asphalt pavements may initiate deterioration. Traditionally, core density, deflection, and nuclear density tests are used for the quality control. However, such techniques may not suit to the surface at the joints to assess their condition. Alternatively, the ultrasonic surface wave (USW) methods have the potential to both assess the longitudinal

Rutting is one of the main asphalt pavement distresses, and it is believed that binder properties play an important role in mixture’s potential rutting resistance. Generally, in the Superpave design system asphalt binder is selected based on the binder PG grade required for the climate. However, to implement performance control through the traditional Superpave PG system during mix design faces more

To assess the resistance of asphalt mixes to permanent deformations, the wheel tracking tests are frequently used, what requires specialized equipment as well as relatively large size samples. For this reason, researchers are seeking for a more simple test that will help to assess the rut resistance of asphalt mixes. According to Christensen and Bonaquist as well as Zaniewski and Srinivasan, this may

The benefit of reinforcement in pavement sections can be quantified in terms of Layer Coefficient Ratio (LCR). In the present study, a series of Large-Scale Model Experiments (LSMEs) were conducted to quantify the LCRs considering unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced base layers overlying soft to stiff subgrades. Based on extensive LSME testing of reinforced base layers, LCRs were found to range from

Addition of fibres has been recently studied as an effective method to enhance soil. To investigate the reinforcing effect of fibres on the shear strength of soil, polypropylene fibres are added into clay sample and the shear strength of clay is measured. Four different fibre contents and fibre lengths are used. The experimental results indicate that fibre content of 0.3% and fibre length of 9 mm is

This study aimed to develop, evaluate, and validate a new cyclic cracking assessment test that has advantages over the available monotonic and cyclic cracking assessment tests. Also, it addresses the major concerns related to the implementation of the Balanced Mix Design (BMD) such as long specimen preparation and testing time and the validity of cracking performance assessment tests. The laboratory

Hydrated lime has been used in hot mix asphalt (HMA) to reduce moisture sensitivity and stripping since 1910 in the United States. During the past 40 years, researchers from all over the world have focused on this topic finding that hydrated lime can actually provide many other benefits to asphalt mixtures. In this paper, the use of a high surface area (HSA) hydrated lime as a filler in asphalt mixtures

In this study, the performance of two steel slag byproducts is investigated to produce mixtures for base layers of unpaved roads. The basic physical properties including Atterberg limits, grain size distribution, California bearing ratio and expansion tests of eight different mixtures of soil-byproduct are investigated in laboratory to understand the engineering properties of the mixtures. The byproducts

Fatigue cracking is one of the key distress types, caused by traffic load repetition generating stresses and strains in asphalt layers. In response, polymer modified asphalt (PMA) has been widely used in the field of pavement engineering and the addition of polymers to asphalt has been shown to improve mechanical behaviour and pavement performance, including fatigue resistance. However, it is uncertain

Nanomaterials are small-sized materials between 1 and 100 nm which produce a greater surface area than common size materials. Coconut shell is one of the potential agricultural wastes to be used as nanomaterial due to its high strength and hardness. However, poor adhesion bonding was the problem of using this agricultural waste material as a modifier in the bitumen matrix. Therefore, in this study

The Huet-Sayegh (HS) and 2S2P1D rheological models represent very well the linear viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt concrete and binder while using less parameters than other models. However, the finite element implementation in time domain of these two models encounters a great difficulty. In this paper, the author aims at developing a numerical implementation in time domain of the HS and 2S2P1D models

Thermal or low temperature cracking is among the most common distresses in asphalt pavements, occurring in cold regions and exerting a detrimental effect on the quality and life of the pavement. Hardening or aging of asphalt binder in the process of production and service life of asphalt mixtures is known as a major factor impacting the durability of asphalt mixtures. This study investigated the effect

This study uses two typical subgrade soil samples selected from a highway construction site in Jilin Province, China, to formulate an empirical predictive model for the dynamic resilient modulus (Ed ) based on the static resilient modulus (Es ) and the California bearing ratio (CBR) of cement- and lime-stabilised subgrade soils. Laboratory experiments of the dynamic and static resilient modulus and

In this study, the phenol-cresol-formaldehyde (PhCR-F) resin was synthesised from the phenolic fraction of coal tar resin and formaldehyde through polycondensation. The physico-mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete were subsequently characterised to examine its water saturation, coefficient of long-term water-resistance (after 15 and 30 days), and compressive strength (at 20°C and 50°C). The

The concrete with polyester microfiber is being investigated for the behaviour of flexural strength under static loading. But their behaviour under dynamic loading is unclear and hence there is a need for a comprehensive study. The fatigue performance of concrete with polyester microfiber (0.0, 0.9, 2.0, and 3.0 kg/m3 by volume of concrete) under flexural loading is studied. The cyclic loads are applied

The assessment of the aggregate suitability for concrete pavements applies mainly to coarse aggregate. However, even fine aggregate can significantly affect the long-term durability of concrete when it is susceptible to alkali-silica reaction (ASR). The sustainable use of available fine aggregates for the production of concrete, while reducing the effects of ASR, requires special preventive measures

In terms of longer hardening time of emulsified asphalt seal mixture, a rapid hardening seal mixture was prepared by adding cement and carbon fibre to the Styrene–Butadiene-Rubber (SBR)-modified emulsified asphalt. The mix proportion of mixture was determined by testing the mixable time, consistency, wet track abrasion value, adhered sand content, cohesion force and the cracking rate. The microscopic

Fibres are added to asphalt surface mixes mainly due to technological reasons. The impact of loose glass fibre reinforcement on the performance characteristics of different asphalt mixes was investigated. On the one hand, the glass fibres were used at Stone Mastic Asphalts as a replacement for cellulose fibres. On the other hand, glass fibres were used as additives for asphalt concrete mixes. A constant

Applications of non-destructive testing devices such as Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) provide crucial estimates of pavement health that assist in the optimisation of pavement management systems. However, regularly conducting these tests at a network level and post-processing of the collected data is cumbersome, which requires technical expertise, significant time, funds, and other resources. Due

Thirteen hot asphalt mixtures were tested for fatigue in four-point beam configuration. Theresults were analysed using the MEPDG fatigue model and a modified version of it, which included binders’ thermal susceptibility as an additional forecasting variable. Seven mixtures were dense-graded, three were stone mastic asphalts and three were semi-open. Three mixtures used unmodified asphalt binders UB

Extensive laboratory performance testing and advanced statistical analyses led to the determination of a fatigue-based structural layer coefficient of 0.54 for high polymer-modified (HP) asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures in new pavements. The objective of this paper was to verify, using mechanistic-empirical (ME) analyses, the structural capacity of HP AC pavement sections designed using the 0.54 layer

The present research focused on the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on behaviour of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) reinforced with recycled polypropylene fibres. RCCP specimens were designed with dry aggregates, four water to cement ratios of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 and four fibre dosages of 0, 1, 3 and 5 kg/m3. Experiments were performed before and after exposure to freeze-thaw cycles in the

This study investigated the effect of nano montmorillonite at different damage degree on the multiple self-healing properties of asphalt mixture by semicircular bending (SCB) test. Four kinds of asphalt binder were used to prepare the asphalt mixture. The cumulative fatigue life was measured and the multiple healing index (MHI) was proposed as an index to evaluate the multiple healing. The test results

The bonding of asphalt and aggregate is critical especially for permeable asphalt concrete (AC) pavement and ultra-thin overlay to avoid the ravelling. High viscosity asphalt (HVA) is desirable to provide firm bonding, thereby being commonly employed both for permeable AC pavement and ultra-thin overlay. Different from the traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA) which requires significant energy consumption

(2020). Correction. Road Materials and Pavement Design. Ahead of Print.

This project tested eight commonly used mixtures in Switzerland: three surface courses, three binder courses and two base courses. Three types of test methods for stiffness modulus EN 12697–26 and fatigue resistance EN 12697-24 were used: Namely, four Point Bending with prismatic sample (4PB-PR), Indirect Tensile test on cylindrical samples with pulse load form (IT-CY) and cyclic load form (CIT-CY)

Quality construction control requires ensuring that compacted fills are properly placed without any significant delay between mixing and compaction of the wet soil mixture. When chemical treatment is resorted to meet the shortcomings in the use of locally available materials, the delay in compaction (time elapsed between mixing and compaction of the wet soil mixture) plays a significant role as it

Utilisation of recycled construction and demolition waste (CDW) within pavements is a beneficial substitution technique towards sustainability. Following this approach, this research investigates the feasibility of using waste ceramic powder as an alternative filler in mastics. To evaluate the performance of the alternative ceramic filler, its physical and chemical properties were compared to a commonly

The present study explores the use of nano Al2O3 as a potential asphalt binder modifier. The study investigates the effects of different concentrations (0%,0.5%,1% and 2% by weight of the asphalt binder) of nano Al2O3 on various properties of the asphalt binders. XRD analysis is used to study the amorphous/crystalline nature of the base asphalt binder and nano Al2O3 modified asphalt binder. The influence

This study presents the results of a systematic investigation on enhancing the shear strength and bearing capacity of subgrade fill by blending the completely weathered phyllite (CWP) with locally won red clay at varying blending ratios. Many CWP soil samples were prepared at varying bended ratios for carrying out a compaction test, micro-penetration test and direct shear test. The effects of the red

Pavement demolition debris is one of the world’s major waste problems. Each year the United States produces about 100 million tons of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), out of which more than 60% ends up in landfills or asphalt plants. Recent studies have shown that RAP can be considered a viable alternative to natural base course aggregates to resolve the problem of waste accumulation. In this study

The influence of different aggregate skeleton matrices, as well volumetric composition and mixture stiffness, on the resistance of SMA to permanent deformation was assessed. Nine SMA with different optimised aggregate skeleton matrices, studied elsewhere, were now evaluated to permanent deformation with wheel tracking. The results were statistically analysed concerning relationship with specimens’

Knowing the maximum safe driving speed on a pavement curve under wet condition is crucial in achieving safe driving in wet weather. This information is valuable for pavement engineers in paving materials selection, mix design, drainage design and pavement maintenance treatment design to meet the skid resistance requirements for the safe driving speed. Unfortunately, due to the complex variables involved

A three-dimensional finite element (3-D FE) modelling was conducted based on non-uniform distributed tire-pavement contact pressure, full interfacial layer bonding conditions, and viscoelastic characterisation of the asphalt layers. In general, high temperatures were observed to be beneficial to the bottom of the asphalt layer – both the tensile and shear stresses decreased as the temperature was increased

The current research is conducted to assess the effects of Nano-Al2O3-particles on the storage stability and high-temperature performance of polymer-modified bitumen (PMB). Nano-Al2O3-particles were mixed with PMB in five different contents. The high-temperature performance of obtained bitumen was evaluated by using the storage stability, viscosity and MSCR tests. The results of tests showed that

Dredged sediments excavated or removed from reservoirs are classified as waste materials. The reuse of dredged sediments as road materials is an interesting solution to environmental problems. However, only the compaction technique without treatment by admixtures is insufficient to improve the strength and stiffness of the dredged sediments for use as standard road materials. This research presents