Experiments were performed in a sand bed channel to investigate the effects of a mining pit on the hydrodynamics around circular bridge piers. Mean velocity profiles, Reynolds stresses, kinetic energy fluxes and scales of turbulence were analysed at critical locations along the channel bed as well as in the proximity of the pier. At the approach location where flow had passed over the pit and was approaching

Combined weir–gate structures are important structures for controlling the water level, measuring discharge and avoiding sediment deposition behind a weir. They can be used, for example, in irrigation channels and waste water systems. Using three-dimensional numerical software (Flow-3D) and experimental data from the literature, four combined systems of a triangular weir and a rectangular gate with

Laboratory experiments were conducted in a flume containing three types of artificial flexible submerged and emergent vegetation. Detailed measurements of velocity and sediment concentration in the channel were taken. The results showed that submerged and emergent vegetation generates a much greater resistance to flow and significantly alters the vertical distributions of velocity, especially in vegetated

For many remote and under-privileged communities, water filtration is the first step of treatments before boiling and/or other higher level treatments. Clogging is a common unavoidable hindrance to such systems, which causes reduced efficiency with regard to the flow rate of filtered water. Backwashing is commonly used to recover the filtration capacity of clogged filter media. This paper presents

In the process of rapid urbanisation, maintaining urban water supplies and reducing flood risks are increasingly serious global problems. To address these issues, in 2013, the Chinese government proposed a development plan for ‘sponge cities’, which involves the implementation of various water management systems for natural storage, infiltration and cleaning of water in urban areas. In 2016, 30 pilot

Global and regional challenges related to river basin water scarcity can effectively be managed through improved reservoir operations and reservoir sedimentation control. It is a well-known fact that increased sedimentation due to various reasons is adversely affecting reservoir capacities and threatening long-term water supplies; these implications are aggravated due to impact stresses such as climate

Data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (Grace) satellite and stations were used to estimate variations of the monthly groundwater level in the Zayanderud basin, Iran, over the period 2000–2018. In addition, the annual and seasonal storage of groundwater in this basin was estimated and verified using Grace satellite data, and compared with data from the previous rainfall. The results

Riverbank erosion is a common natural river process that threatens the security of instream structures, as well as public and private property. In this study, two sets of tests were performed (direct shear tests and flume tests) to study the effects of riverbed soil composition on the stability of riverbanks. The results of the direct shear tests demonstrated that the riverbank material became increasingly

The seasonal variation characteristics of eutrophication based on HJ-1 data and synchronous observation data on the ground were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration and management of eutrophication in Dongting Lake. The remote sensing model of chlorophyll-a concentration inversion was established through the comparative analysis of the linear model, exponential model, logarithmic

This paper introduces a hybrid non-linear Muskingum model for flood routing. The proposed hybrid model has more degrees of freedom for fitting observed data than other non-linear Muskingum models. The main goal of this work is to develop a comprehensive model for outflow routing. The proposed hybrid model's predictive skill is evaluated with experimental, real and multimodal hydrograph-routing problems

A comprehensive study on free and submerged hydraulic jumps in different stilling basins was carried out. The effects of three adverse slopes, three bed roughnesses and three positive step heights on the hydraulic jump characteristics with a Froude number of 4·56–9·55 and a submergence factor of 0·1–1·5 were investigated. Two semi-theoretical solutions based on the momentum equation were developed

The energy gradient is a fundamental physical quantity of flow motion. To date, many studies have concentrated on uniform flow or fully developed curved flow, with the energy gradient approximated as the bed slope. This paper presents a new method to assess the lateral distribution of the apparent energy gradient in curved channels when curved flow is not fully developed. A dimensionless apparent energy

The ability of green roof systems to impact stormwater runoff from buildings has been covered in many research studies. However, a lot of these studies looked at long-term retention, with much less work focused on how to model a green roof's response to larger design storms. Work that has examined flow routing for individual rainfall events has focused on empirical routing models that are tuned to

This paper describes the use of surface flow image velocimetry (SFIV) to analyse flow velocity fields near grated inlets. This will help to understand the flow-capture process of grated inlets and improve their design. The technique allows approximation of the surface flow velocity field where other techniques can fail. Especially in cases when the flow near the inlet is supercritical, and with small