This paper introduces a hybrid non-linear Muskingum model for flood routing. The proposed hybrid model has more degrees of freedom for fitting observed data than other non-linear Muskingum models. The main goal of this work is to develop a comprehensive model for outflow routing. The proposed hybrid model's predictive skill is evaluated with experimental, real and multimodal hydrograph-routing problems

A comprehensive study on free and submerged hydraulic jumps in different stilling basins was carried out. The effects of three adverse slopes, three bed roughnesses and three positive step heights on the hydraulic jump characteristics with a Froude number of 4·56–9·55 and a submergence factor of 0·1–1·5 were investigated. Two semi-theoretical solutions based on the momentum equation were developed

The energy gradient is a fundamental physical quantity of flow motion. To date, many studies have concentrated on uniform flow or fully developed curved flow, with the energy gradient approximated as the bed slope. This paper presents a new method to assess the lateral distribution of the apparent energy gradient in curved channels when curved flow is not fully developed. A dimensionless apparent energy

The ability of green roof systems to impact stormwater runoff from buildings has been covered in many research studies. However, a lot of these studies looked at long-term retention, with much less work focused on how to model a green roof's response to larger design storms. Work that has examined flow routing for individual rainfall events has focused on empirical routing models that are tuned to

This paper describes the use of surface flow image velocimetry (SFIV) to analyse flow velocity fields near grated inlets. This will help to understand the flow-capture process of grated inlets and improve their design. The technique allows approximation of the surface flow velocity field where other techniques can fail. Especially in cases when the flow near the inlet is supercritical, and with small