ABSTRACT This paper studies the lateral strength of traditional (unstabilized) adobe walls subjected to lateral loading, either in-plane or out-of-plane, using the finite element method. The focus of the numerical parametric study is on adobe walls that have a moist region in their lower part immediately above the footing. The variables of the parametric study are the length, height, and water content

ABSTRACT Gathering knowledge and data for diagnosis is highly important for the safeguarding and conservation of architectural heritage. These data should be organised in order to create a complex list of procedures to find sufficiently sensitive, effective and reasonably inexpensive technical processes to survey and to repair, renew and maintain load-bearing structures of potential heritage values

ABSTRACT The National Capitol of Cuba was built between 1926 and 1929, with very short completion terms for the technical-construction means of that time. The historic-technological article describes its dome’s bearing structure and it analyzes the constructive method used in the central part of this urban symbol. The analysis begins from a very rigorous study of the original plans, on-site visits

ABSTRACT To analyze the extent of fire risk in historic Chinese wooden structure buildings, the fire load characteristics of a historic temple in Beijing were studied. In this paper, thermogravimetric and cone calorimeter experiments were conducted on raw wood collected from historic Chinese buildings. Based on the experiment results, temple fire experiments were conducted in a full-scale model temple

ABSTRACT Fibre-optic sensing technologies provide the opportunity to measure detailed structural response in real time over long durations. This paper describes a first-of-its-kind application of Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) measurement to monitor the impact of tunnelling works on two Grade-I listed buildings in London, UK. After describing the principles behind the strain sensing technology, laboratory

ABSTRACT The National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage in Brazil holds 88 urban complexes under its protection. Among them, Pelotas, located in southern Brazil, stands out as a protected area; there are numerous historic buildings in the city center. Aiming to preserve historic buildings and considering facades as the elements most exposed to degradation mechanisms, this study proposed

ABSTRACT Earthquakes may damage buildings, but they also induce uplift and overturn the content of a building that, in the case of museums, can lead to the irreparable loss of art objects. In many cases, these objects, subjected to seismic actions, can be modeled considering the nonlinear dynamics of rigid blocks. This paper is focused on the seismic behavior of statues, which generally present a quite

ABSTRACT Min-Zhe bridge in Fu-Jian and Zhe-Jiang Provinces of China is a unique type of woven wooden arch bridge with important cultural heritage values in both tangible and intangible fields. Reconstruction (including in-situ rebuilding and relocation) is a traditional approach to extend the bridge’s lifespan, which has been passed on and lasts till now. Today’s reconstruction practice and its legitimation

ABSTRACT Throughout antiquity, clay constituted one of the primary building materials used for architecture in Cyprus, as well as in other Eastern Mediterranean countries. This material was mainly used for the manufacture of adobes and mortars. The research presented in this paper constitutes one of the first comprehensive studies involving both in situ and laboratory analyses of 27 clay samples selected

ABSTRACT Wooden culture heritage has caused serious results due to the ravages of frequent fire disasters. The fire propagation over the weathered wood was reported to be fast, especially wood separated by air gaps. Presently, experiments were performed to study weathering effects on the flame spread performance over discrete wood chips separated by air gaps. A series of six 2 cm-long 10 cm-wide wood

ABSTRACT Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology is becoming widespread with many potential uses, such as facility and asset management for new buildings. Recently, it has also been applied for the maintenance of built heritage, within the so-called Historical BIM (HBIM) field. A BIM model, empowered by detailed embedded information, is an excellent tool to monitor and infer on the behaviour

ABSTRACT The repair of historical masonry columns damaged by earthquakes is a complex engineering procedure. In most cases, these elements support important vertical loads, and, for this reason, the repairing interventions (such as block replacement) could generate critical modifications of the stress pattern and eventually lead to local failures of the masonry material. In order to prevent critical

ABSTRACT A simple methodology for seismic assessment of masonry building, which allows the ranking of the seismic safety of buildings according to principles and rules that are established in Part 3 of the Eurocode 8 (EC8), is presented in this work. This approach uses the concept of “performance curve”, which consists in the representation of all possible performance points (the target displacements

ABSTRACT Auguste Fabre was a French contractor specialized in the construction of masonry vaults. He founded his company in 1896 and patented different systems of light and economic vaults, among them one for tile vaults. Fabre built thousands of vaults in France, Belgium and Algeria, some of them of great importance, such as the dome of the Petit Palais for the international exhibition in Paris in

ABSTRACT Heritage preservation is a broad topic that affects virtually all fields of human activity. One of them is industrial heritage which is, among others, represented by the construction of dams. The assessment of such constructions, which could be important from the point of view of heritage preservation and potentially be declared cultural monuments, should be based on the analysis and historical

ABSTRACT 3D point cloud data from data acquisition techniques such as terrestrial photogrammetry, close range photogrammetry (CRP) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) play a major role in heritage because of the large amount of information they provide. This data includes the metric accuracy of the objects surface, reflectivity information and materials texture. The point clouds can be exported

ABSTRACT The article has as its main purpose the detailed investigation of the geometric methods of tracing historical structures, using a variety of examples. The design and construction of historic buildings has long been the subject of extensive research. However, the application of geometry to the constructional tracing of basic building elements is a relatively unknown field of science. The methodology

ABSTRACT The study of oval geometry domes encompasses a broad and interesting field of research that can be approached from multiple points of view. This paper shows the multidisciplinary approach developed for the analysis of the geometry of this type of domes from the architectural and mathematical points of view. This research paper focuses on the geometric study of the dome of the Camarín of the

ABSTRACT In the context of the structural safety evaluation of masonry arches under both gravitational and seismic loads, this study analyses the possibility to apply fast-assessment methodologies, aimed at defining intervention priorities through the proposal of typological abacuses. With this aim, two automatic VBA (Visual Basic for Application) procedures have been implemented and adopted to estimate

ABSTRACT This paper presents a finite element modeling method for a prediction of lateral resistance and seismic response of the roof structure of a historic Chinese timber frame building. Force-displacement relationships of straight tenon joints, Mantou tenon joints, and Dougong bracket sets are calibrated by experimental results. In-plane and out-of-plane resistance analyses have been carried out

ABSTRACT The brick-earth foundation of the Bell Tower in Xi’an, which has been preserved for about 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, has suffered from different degrees of infiltration and leakage from rainfall, caused by the ageing and cracking of the anti-seepage layer (cement mortar, lime soil and asphalt felt) on the top of the foundation and the loss of clay particles in the rammed soil. In order

ABSTRACT This paper presents and discusses the selection of a set of core indicators for the sustainable conservation of built heritage. This core set of indicators was selected by following a two-step methodology: 1) first, a comparative analysis of indicators of two building sustainability assessment (BSA) tools with different approaches was performed by using content analysis to identify common

(2021). Structural Health Monitoring of Architectural Heritage: From the past to the Future Advances. International Journal of Architectural Heritage: Vol. 15, Structural Health Monitoring of Architectural Heritage: From the past to the future advances, pp. 1-4.

ABSTRACT Many ancient brick structures have been recorded in the archaeological site of Sambor Prei Kuk. Most of these structures were considered to be built in the 7th century as religious facilities of royal city Isanapura and abandoned in the 15th century. Since then, the brick structures in this site had been covered by dense forest and suffered severe damage due to the tropical climate. This archaeological

ABSTRACT The development of Portland cement and concrete in the 19th and 20th centuries revolutionised the construction industry, and provided a means of achieving architectural and structural feats that were previously impossible. While reinforced concrete bridges provided a means of simultaneously spanning vast distances and carrying significant loads, the material was little understood and designs

ABSTRACT Continuous monitoring was carried out on the Ile Vierge lighthouse, the tallest stone lighthouse in Europe (82 m), built in 1902, where the upper part of the tower presents a crack pattern. The monitoring was implemented over 2.5 years to characterize the actions of temperature and wind and to determine their links with crack opening. The variation of each factor measured was analysed and

ABSTRACT This paper studies the effect of performance degradation and infilled walls on the seismic fragility of a traditional Chinese timber-frame structure. The Yihe Hall was chosen as the archetype building and extended distinct element method (EDEM) models of the structures were developed using the Wallstat software. Validation of the timber frame and the whole structure were conducted, respectively

ABSTRACT The Historic Centre of Cuenca, recognized as World Heritage Site since 1999, is characterized by the relevant presence of traditional buildings which load-bearing structural elements are made of unbaked earth. Despite representing a unique example of vernacular architecture, an in-depth analysis of the buildings’ geometric features as their vulnerability against seismic actions is still missing

ABSTRACT The high-magnitude 1783 earthquakes that hit the Calabria Ulteriore caused the destruction of most of the built environment as well as numerous fatalities. Following such a catastrophe, the ruler of the Regno di Napoli launched an ambitious reconstruction plan, regulated by the enactment of a code whose principles anticipate those on which modern seismic engineering relies. The Borbone government

ABSTRACT This paper describes the concept of a historical, anticorrosive paint type (armour paint), used on outdoors located ferrous substrates from the early to the mid-20th century. Synthesis from the archive and research reports findings conceptualises a 2 + 2 paint layer system. The system involves red lead linseed oil primer and a top drying oil paint pigmented with micaceous iron oxide and metallic

ABSTRACT Historical buildings are located in the city center, near squares where celebrations take place. These festivities usually include pyrotechnic events that impose blast loadings on historical buildings. In this paper, a methodology for the analysis of the dynamic response of historical buildings is presented, and applied to the Altamira Palace — a historical building listed as Spanish National

ABSTRACT The Theodosian walls of Constantinople have suffered many partial destructions in their long-lasting life, often because of strong seismic events, undergoing subsequent reconstructions. With reference to the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, the article illustrates a procedure implemented to understand the damages suffered by one of the towers (tower 19) of this magnificent piece of heritage, that

ABSTRACT Historical buildings are located in the city center, near squares where celebrations take place. These festivities usually include pyrotechnic events that impose blast loadings on historical buildings. In this paper, a methodology for the analysis of the dynamic response of historical buildings is presented, and applied to the Altamira Palace — a historical building listed as Spanish National

(2021). Structural Health Monitoring of Architectural Heritage: From the past to the Future Advances. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. Ahead of Print.

ABSTRACT The Theodosian walls of Constantinople have suffered many partial destructions in their long-lasting life, often because of strong seismic events, undergoing subsequent reconstructions. With reference to the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, the article illustrates a procedure implemented to understand the damages suffered by one of the towers (tower 19) of this magnificent piece of heritage, that

ABSTRACT Existing masonry bridges may appear to the eyes of observers as “natural” pieces, as though they had been there since ever. Nevertheless, their construction required large efforts and engineering skills. The interest on studying the building processes lies not only on the contribution to the construction history, but also on the importance of such a knowledge when assessing and refurbishing

ABSTRACT Experimental and numerical studies performed on traditional timber-frame masonry buildings have confirmed excellent deformability of timber structure; however, observations from dynamic shake table tests and earthquakes have revealed the potential hazard of stone falls poses a risk for occupants to get injured. This research presents a seismic performance evaluation study carried out on a

ABSTRACT The design of brick masonry vaults has frequently been one of the main topics of historical construction handbooks, where also the orientation of the blocks was an examined issue. However, the influence of brick-texture has not yet been thoroughly investigated computationally. In the present paper the static behavior of masonry vaults of different shapes (barrel, pavilion, and cross vaults)

ABSTRACT The present study focused on the characteristics of lime-based mortars with egg white addition prepared according to a historic Chinese recipe. Results suggested that under dry curing condition, the addition of egg white into mortars could decrease water absorption and increase surface hardness and compressive strength. Hardness and strength values of mortars cured under humid condition, however

ABSTRACT In the past, cattle blood was used for painting in central Europe mainly for interior wooden elements. Unfortunately, this common wood-coating technique of the past had vanished during the 20th century and only many misinformed opinions are left about this coating’s purpose and its effects on wood durability. Three different recipes were used for beech and pine sapwood treatment, which were

ABSTRACT Heritage at risk is a terminology used to describe the sites that are highly at risk of being lost as a result of intentional demolition, deterioration, negligence or subject to improper preservation or mistreatment. Iraq is one of the countries that suffered in the last decade from intentional demolition of highly valuable heritage sites and objects. As Iraq gradually recovering from wars

ABSTRACT The paper presents a survey of the historic Arch-cathedral bell tower in Vilnius induced by the appearance of cracks in the structure after a new bell system installation. An attempt is undertaken to identify the reason for the crack occurrence and to check a possible crack influence on global structural behaviour. The research is based on dynamic measurements made in the tower during ambient

ABSTRACT In recent decades, seismic vulnerability studies in residential Historic Districts have increasingly resorted to simplified assessment methods, which, very often, are grounded on idealized models obtained from the analysis of the most recurring material and geometrical features in a specific area. This paper aims to discuss the procedure to get residential building models appropriate for simplified

ABSTRACT Transformations and restorations of existing buildings may have to solve major issues regarding the buildings’ structural safety. Timber floors for instance may be damaged due to decay, a faulty design or a poor implementation during construction. Moreover, most of the times old or historical buildings have been designed for a maximum load much lower than the one prescribed nowadays by current

ABSTRACT An atypical ‘baraccato’ system made of masonry walls encaged in iron frames was realized in the Ischia Island after the earthquake of 1883; an interesting example is represented by the Santa Maria Maddalena Church. Unfortunately, while several experimental and numerical studies can be found in the recent literature for traditional ‘baraccato’ systems (mixed timber and masonry elements), no

ABSTRACT Historic masonry buildings often require structural repair or retrofit to attain a satisfactory level of seismic resistance. This paper analyses the effect of externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofitting systems on the global seismic response of such buildings in order to achieve the fundamental code-based requirements that refer to the structure’s state of damage for a specified

ABSTRACT Mexico has an important number of cities recognized by the UNESCO as World Heritage Site. Many of them have highway and railway bridges with an important historical value product of the construction techniques and materials implemented in those days. In spite of their importance, very few efforts have been led to study the masonry historic bridges’ origin and pathologies that eventually would

ABSTRACT In order to study the dynamic properties of the pagoda with solid structure when affected by an earthquake, take the Xuanzang Pagoda as an example which is one of the World Cultural Heritage Architecture Sites. An 1/8-scale model was constructed for a shaking table test. The principle properties of the structural damage were observed. The natural vibration period of the structure and the acceleration

ABSTRACT In view of the development of heavy timber seismic-resistant structures, in the context of modern seismic design approach, a possible solution is to allow the timber structure to dissipate a part of the seismic energy. Since timber is a material with an elastic-fragile behaviour, the dissipative function should be delegated to connections, through plastic deformation of steel connectors. However

ABSTRACT The presented study aims to describe the seismic vulnerability of a sample made by 90 masonry one-nave churches, subjected to the Valle Scrivia Earthquake, 2003, Piemonte, Italy. In particular, the paper reports analyses performed looking at two different moments: (a) situation after the seismic event, identified through the data collection of the post-earthquake surveys; and (b) situation

ABSTRACT This work explores the short- and long-term effects of admixtures typically used to improve durability on air lime mortars. With that purpose, two air-entraining admixtures (AEA), based on sodium alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and a water-repellent admixture (WRA) based on alkylsilicone resin were studied. The AEAs proved not to be detrimental to mechanical

ABSTRACT The 2015 Gorkha earthquake damaged many unreinforced masonry buildings in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Kathmandu Valley, such as Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. But there were a few multi-tiered temples, with high plinths, that survived the recent earthquake. The temples with a massive high plinth have shown better seismic performance both in past historical earthquakes as well as in

ABSTRACT Warm yellow facades, popular for centuries and throughout the world, were typically painted with ochre but could be copperas-based. Copperas is iron sulphate mixed with lime, and oxidation produces a golden colour. Usually, the methods are distinguished by appearance. Knowing the original painting method is critical for historical context and conservation, so the research program evaluated

(2021). Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures: Selected Papers from the SHATIS’19 Conference. International Journal of Architectural Heritage: Vol. 15, Special issue on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures (SHATIS’19 conference), pp. 249-249.

ABSTRACT This paper correlates the durability of bricks in various environments to their physical and microstructural characteristics. Micro-analytical and physical characterisation techniques were employed to find the raw materials and firing temperature of the historic bricks. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) helped in finding the effects at microstructure

ABSTRACT This research aims to study the influence of organic additive and aggregate grain size in lime mortar hardening for producing compatible, high-performance and eco-friendly materials for conservation and restoration of heritage structures. Mortar mix with lime to sand ratio of 1:3 by mass and water to binder ratio of 0.75 was considered. Ficus Carica (Moraceae), commonly known as Fig fruit

ABSTRACT Detection of structural damage is an important issue. Some techniques require knowledge of the undamaged state or in-depth knowledge of the construction materials used. The application of principal component analysis to the temporal variation in natural frequencies is a promising technique. With an undamaged structure a single principal component will suffice to explain the change in modal

ABSTRACT Three inclined historical masonry towers, located in the city of Ferrara (North-East region of Italy), are analyzed under seismic loads employing advanced numerical models. This study provides a critical review on the conservation state, present vulnerabilities, influence of peculiar structural features, and future need for strengthening interventions. Three scenarios were performed, mimicking

ABSTRACT The newly proposed structural system (TRAROM), made of timber posts, beams, internal diagonals and planks laid on orthogonal directions on both sides of the wall, is influenced by the architecture of traditional timber houses in Romania. Walls with different layouts were tested to in-plane static cyclic loading in order to obtain the best one, focusing on anti-seismic features, the ease of

ABSTRACT Cultural Heritage Buildings are considered highly complex, having evolved over time, and contain various heritage components. These assets are becoming increasingly at risk due to unprecedented transformation processes in cities, from underground railways. Experimental and monitoring strategies can serve as diagnostic tools on the effects of long-term exposure to induced vibrations, from this