In this study, a total of six full‐scale sandwich columns were fabricated, and experiments on their load transfer performance were conducted. The effects of steel fiber reinforcement and the ratio of the column width to the slab thickness on the effective compressive strength were theoretically analyzed, and briefly compared the test results of full‐ and reduced‐scale specimens. The current design

Precast concrete structures have satisfactory performances in quality control and construction progress. This article experimentally studied the seismic behavior of a type of precast beam‐column connection. Three full‐scale specimens are designed with different longitudinal reinforcement ratios and details of connections. Precast beam‐column connections are systematically investigated focusing on their

Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) is an essential element of ground control in many types of underground structure. It has been found to be an important aid to the improvement of safety in underground spaces and is a highly effective method of ground control across a wide range of ground conditions. However, the design of FRS linings remains problematic and uncertainty exists regarding the true load

To study the seismic behavior of recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube (RACFST) frames infilled with recycled hollow block filler walls (RHBFW), four frame specimens were designed subjected to low cycle loading experiments. Through the test, the failure process and pattern of specimens were observed and the seismic performance indexes were obtained. The results show that the hysteretic curves

This paper presents a critical review of the state of the art of experimental research concerning the seismic response of reinforced concrete flat slab frames. After a summary of tests on connections, the paper examines tests carried out on frames with gravity and cyclic lateral loading, and shake table tests; scaled specimens and one real scale study are included. A discussion of the results reached

The compressive strength of concrete is highly influenced by the properties of test specimens, such as size and moisture content. This paper presents the results of compression tests on more than 650 test specimens made with four different concrete types, which are mainly air‐entrained. The differences in compressive strength between different types of concrete specimens were investigated with similar

This article investigated four concrete beam‐column connections experimentally, including an interior precast specimen, an exterior precast specimen and two corresponding cast‐in‐place (CIP) specimens. Longitudinal rebars of precast columns were connected by embedded bolt connectors, while longitudinal rebars of precast beams were welded in CIP core areas. These full‐scale beam‐column connections with

The numerical investigation focused on the shear behavior of prestressed concrete (PC) beams with small rectangular openings, using the software ABAQUS. Three variables, including the prestressing force, the height of the opening and its length, were considered. The numerical results exhibited a good agreement with the previous experimental outcomes, and the parametric analysis was conducted to study

The beneficial effect of the autogenous self‐sealing of cracks has been relied upon implicitly in the design of concrete water retaining structures for many years. The degree to which it can be relied upon to retard leakage through cracks in water retaining structures has, to date, not been quantified in probabilistic terms. Previous research identified the crack width as a critical parameter in the

The rectangular concrete‐filled steel tube (RCFST) has been widely applied into many engineering fields like buildings and bridges. However, the shear mechanisms and the universal design methods under lateral shear forces still remain to be fully understood. In this paper, the composite action of RCFST columns under lateral shear forces was systematically investigated with improved 3‐dimensional finite

In this paper, analytical models for concrete cover separation (CCS) of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams with multiple steel bolts were developed based on concrete tooth model for strengthened RC beams without anchors. The derivation of the models involved three major steps: (a) determination of the crack spacing (width of the concrete teeth); (b) determination of the pull‐out strength

Bratislava Harbor Bridge is an important part of Slovak highway and railway network. The authorities of the bridge (Railways of the Slovak Republic and National Motorway Company) cannot afford to close it. In the case of closure, traffic in Bratislava would be paralyzed, as up to 100,000 vehicles pass the bridge daily. Because of that, only dynamic tests during operation are possible, but the mentioned

The strengthening of concrete structures is becoming more and more important. To achieve this need for strengthening measures, technically innovative, simple and economical systems for subsequent strengthening are required. At the University of Innsbruck, a system for subsequent strengthening of the punching shear zone through the installation of concrete screws has been developed. These screws are

This paper presents an analytical procedure for the design of the longitudinal reinforcement in reinforced concrete rectangular sections subjected to axial load and biaxial bending moment. The integration of the equilibrium equations is performed in analytical form for the case of uniaxial moment, including the effect of the reinforcement placed on the sides of the section and adopting code‐based constitutive

The conceptual design hither to has been an individualistic approach practiced over a long period of time and not taught in universities. However, the conceptual design approach is very important to produce sound and sustainable structures. Engineers like Robert Maillart, Alexandre Sarrasin, Eugéne Freyssinet, Joerg Schlaich and Christian Menn significantly contributed to the evolution of today's international

A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to investigate effect of different production parameters such as activator type, activator concentration and curing temperature on fresh and hardened properties of volcanic tuff based geopolymer paste (GP) samples. Volcanic tuff obtained from Nevşehir (Central Anatolia, Turkey) was ground to particle size less than 45 μm, after that alkali activation

Experimental research on concrete creep with different strengths under various ambient relative humidity was carried out. Based on certainty creep models provided in CEB‐FIP Model Code 1990 and Model Code 2010, the Latin hypercubic sampling method was used to establish uncertainty models of concrete creep, and the sensitivity of concrete strength and ambient relative humidity to models was analyzed

Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs may be subjected to impulsive dynamic loads such as blast and impact during their service period. Many studies related to the impact behavior of RC slabs have been presented. However, comprehensive studies where the effect of the support conditions on the impact behavior of RC slabs has been investigated are still limited. Thus, this study has focused on the effects of

The current study is part of a larger project called RECYBETON developed in France since 2012. This part of project deals with the important properties of hardened concrete of recycled aggregates (RA), from microstructure to properties related to durability and fire behavior. The founding objective of the RECYBETON project is generally not to formulate concrete with a given recycling rate, but rather

Crack spacing has been identified as an important parameter in predicting the crack widths in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. An experimental program has been conducted to investigate the crack spacings when reinforced concrete beams are subjected to both axial tension and flexure. The stochastic nature of cracking behavior makes the experimental program complicated. A large sample size of the

Steel‐fiber composite bar (SFCB) is a new technique with steel core embedded into the fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, which solve the shortcomings of poor ductility and low stiffness of FRP‐reinforced concrete members. Based on the experimental study, flexural behavior of a new type concrete, SFCB bars‐reinforced coral concrete beams, is investigated. The deflection, failure mode, tensile strain

This article is aimed at investigating the long‐term performance of three original hydrophobic materials, namely, sodium acetate, fluoropolymer, and silicone resin. Their performance was compared with traditional silane when applied to fully dry concrete, fully saturated concrete, and concrete with 2 and 4% moisture content. A recently developed freeze–thaw process, which is based on temperature and

In the present MC 2010 the propagation period, addressing degradation processes, was not included said due to the lack of data to allow for a sound validation. However, taking account of the propagation period is essential for the assessment of existing reinforced concrete structures. In addition, considering the propagation period is relevant for the probabilistic definition of the service life, as

The focus of the research is to evaluate the flexural behavior and performance of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) repaired reinforced concrete (RC) beams corroded to different levels using acoustic emission (AE) techniques. A significant improvement in the flexural characteristics of the GFRP repaired corroded beams is observed with a change in failure mode from brittle to ductile. The benefits

The present study aims to estimate the flexural capacity and ductility of lightweight concrete T‐beams prepared using the expanded bottom ash and dredged soil granules (LWAC‐BS beams). Eight full‐scale beams were prepared under the main parameters including the unit weight and compressive strength of concrete and amount of longitudinal tensile reinforcement. The moment capacities and displacement ductility

In this study, the effect of both main and side chain length changes of the admixtures on some properties of cementitious systems were investigated. Three different polycarboxylate‐ether‐based water‐reducing admixtures (WRA) having constant molecular weights and different main and side chain lengths were synthesized. Single type of raw material and carboxylate functional group were used in all WRAs

In the present investigation, the structural behavior of reinforced geopolymer concrete (RGPC) beams containing steel fiber has been studied. Four‐point flexural loading condition was applied in this experimental study; for testing the RGPC beams. The deflections of the RGPC were gauged at the mid‐span of the specimens. The crack patterns and failure mode of RGPC beam specimens were measured during

Improvements in the strength of construction materials, together with the esthetic requirements demanded by current societies, have led to a continuous increase in the slenderness of modern civil engineering structures. This fact results into lightweight designs that, unfortunately, must cope with two key problems: (a) slender structures are not only prone to vibrate under external actions; but (b)

In this study, a five‐span fully integral reinforced concrete (RC) bridge has been investigated for fatigue life assessment of its RC piles considering the effects of environmental temperature variation and nonlinear soil characteristics. The effect of daily temperature variation on the abutment wall and pile foundation has been estimated. Multilayers of soil along the abutment pile depth have been

This paper critically evaluates the cracking model of MC 2010 with a view to the drafting of MC 2020. It emphasizes that there are differences in cracking behavior in tension and bending, which are not adequately recognized in the current model. Based on the analysis of experimental evidence, it shows that the current model has a significant skew in prediction performance when tension and flexure tests

The mechanical, physical, and chemical changes due to oxides molar ratios (SiO2/Al2O3 and SiO2/CaO), and various Na2O concentrations of treated palm oil fuel ash (TPOFA)‐based alkali‐activated mortar (AAM) after being exposed to different elevated temperatures up to 1,000°C were investigated. The source materials (SMs) and alkaline activator (AA) were used as the main base material to produce the AAM

To study the uniaxial compressive behavior and constitutive relationship of high‐strength spiral stirrups confined circular ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) columns, an experimental investigation was presented. In this research, 14 confined UHPC columns and seven unconfined UHPC columns were tested to investigate the effects of the stirrup spacing, stirrup yield strength, and steel fibers volume

Past and recent events, for instance the collapse of the Morandi Bridge and several other collapses of engineering structures, demonstrate the increasing importance of a reliable condition assessment of structures based on testing and monitoring. Especially this applies for new and existing concrete structures where the intervention planning (e.g., maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, replacement)

The corrosion mechanism is of electrochemical nature and then, electrochemical techniques are the most adequate to measure the process and quantify it. In present paper are briefly described the most applied on site: corrosion potential, resistivity, galvanic current, and polarization resistance. In general, due to the difficulty to measure quasi‐infinite in size reinforcement, the measurements are

This is a pushover analysis for pile‐supported wharves considering the dynamic magnification factors due to torsional effects. The piles seismic design by deterministic approach is shown accounting plastic hinges and P‐delta effects in 2D/3D mathematical modeling. A real structure placed at high seismicity area is considered as case study in order to validate the model and provide reliable technical

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the influence of super absorbent polymer (SAP) on mechanical, rheological, durability, and microstructural properties of self‐compacting concrete using a comparatively new environmental waste known as granite pulver (GP). The effectiveness of replacing cement by GP at 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight, was investigated. The SAPs were used at volume

This study experimentally assessed the behavior of interior slab–column connection in a system of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to symmetrical loading, with anchorage variation of shear reinforcement. Eight slab models (with equal flexural reinforcement and same dimensions) were assessed, being seven with shear reinforcement (different anchorages of shear reinforcement in the flexural reinforcement)

Although the analysis and design of structures in static equilibrium can be intuitively carried out using simple equilibrium‐based methods such as graphic statics, the application of these methods to engineering problems that take into consideration specific material properties is generally limited. Within the domain of reinforced concrete, existing geometric approaches for developing stress fields

The combination of sticky rice pulp and tabia is a building material in ancient China, while the concrete preparation with sticky rice pulp instead of water is a new concept, and exploratory experimental study on its working and mechanical properties is indispensable. Therefore, on the basis of concrete substrates of Chinese C25, sticky rice pulp with different concentrations was used to replace water

This study investigated the influence of nano silica (NS) addition on the early‐ and later‐age compressive strengths and durability properties such as sorptivity, drying shrinkage, volume of permeable voids, and rapid chloride permeability, along with microstructural changes, of high‐volume slag (HVS) and high‐volume slag–fly ash (HVS‐FA) blended concrete. The results showed that the addition of NS

This article presents the experimental results on accelerated carbonation‐induced corrosion and related durability properties such as AC impendence, half‐cell potential, water permeability, and volume of permeable voids test of concrete made with high‐volume Class F fly ash (FA). Concrete specimens were prepared by substituting ordinary portland cement with FA at varying replacement levels (0–70%)

Carbonation resistance of fly ash concrete (FAC) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has been extensively tested in the past decade, but there are still no recommendations for their application in codes of practice. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the minimum concrete cover depth of RAC and FAC exposed to carbonation to satisfy the required service life. In this study

Marble stone is the mostly quarried stone in Rajasthan for its high demand in India and abroad. This quarrying resulted in the generation of waste in a slurry form which was dumped in the nearby landfill sites resulted in a detrimental effect on the soil strata and expanding the landfill area with time. The focus of the study is to explore the outcome of utilization of marble slurry as a partial substitution

This paper is to study the influence of sulphate corrosion on the mechanical behaviors of concrete, especially concrete corrosion under actual corrosion environment. This study investigated different immersion methods for concrete in a corrosion environment, and different strengths of concrete specimens with contents of sodium sulphate and magnesium chloride of 10.36% and 12.00%, respectively. Strength

The steel corrosion in magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) restrains the application and popularization of MOC products. However, MOC is a green cementitious material. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the steel corrosion in MOC. Aiming at this issue, firstly, the Stern–Geary constant (B) applied to the steel corrosion in MOC was calculated and verified. Secondly, the influence of different steel

Diagnostic load testing can be a suitable method for condition assessment of existing bridges. This paper presents the evaluation of a concrete railway bridge built in the 1940s based on diagnostic load testing. The test was the outcome of a visual inspection and preliminary theoretical analysis that found the bridge to be in unsatisfactory condition. Unlike the other possibilities that infrastructure

In this paper, the radial deformation of fiber reinforced self‐compacting concrete (SCC) pipes under cyclic fire conditions is studied. A series of experimental study on the temperature fields and radial deformation properties of steel mesh, polypropylene fiber (PP fiber), and macro steel fiber (SF) reinforced SCC pipes subjected to fire is carried out. A novel method for measuring the deformation

This paper analyses the performance of the experimental setups to assess the punching strength of slab‐column connections in continuous flat slabs under vertical and horizontal loading. In the last years, several experimental campaigns have been performed to investigate the punching strength of slab‐column connections, but most of the experimental tests concerned isolated slab‐column connections. Among

The effects of the strain rate, water/cement ratio, temperature and number of freeze–thaw cycle on the ultimate compressive strength, peak strain and elastic modulus of cement mortar composite specimens were studied using uniaxial compression test. Test results show that: (a) The strength difference of cement mortar composite specimens is not significant when the axial loading direction is parallel

An experimental and statistical investigation is carried out to analyze the influences of three variables (limestone powder, glass powder, and alkali content) on performance of alkali activated slag mortar. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model all measured responses like 28‐day flexural and compressive strength, water absorption, and dry shrinkage. Analysis of variance showed that all

In the current research, an experimental program, consisting of one straight beam and seven stepped beams (SBs), is to be carried out. Furthermore, a numerical validation is to be applied using finite element analysis. The effect of the additional vertical and horizontal stirrups, the diagonal bars, the configuration of the tension bars, and the inclination angle of the stepped joint on the behavior

The paper describes the main mechanisms of carbonation and chloride penetration into concrete and how the rate of penetration can be measured with laboratory tests. It is also discussed why nondestructive test (NDT) methods for measuring directly the resistance of aged field concrete to carbonation or chloride penetration are not available. Only destructive tests are applicable which, given the very

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites can be efficient for flexural strengthening of flat slabs if debonding of the FRP is postponed. However, with the increase of the flexural capacity, the flat slab becomes more susceptible to punching shear failure. In this context, four flexural or simultaneous flexural and punching shear retrofitting systems are investigated in this study to strengthen a flexure‐deficient

The current study investigates the effect of shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRA) on volume changes that may lead to shrinkage cracking and early age cracking. Drying shrinkage (DS) and autogenous deformation (AD), the impetus for shrinkage cracking, were measured over 2.5 years for three concretes with and without 1% SRA addition: an ordinary Portland concrete, a fly ash concrete and a slag concrete

The mechanical properties of early‐age fly ash (FA) concrete was experimentally studied. The splitting tensile strength and compressive strength under different curing ages, temperatures, cooling methods and FA contents were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the splitting tensile strength of concrete increased proportionally with temperature in the early stage and decreased as the temperature

Although the recognized importance of color match both in white and gray Concrete Heritage interventions, the production and application of restoration mortars are often performed without an accurate color matching between the concrete surface and the repaired area. This paper presents the Gray Concrete Restoration Method (GCR‐method), developed to define and apply restoration mortars to smooth white

For connecting precast concrete members in prefabricated structures, steel fiber reinforced high‐strength concrete (HSFRC) shows greater bearing capacity and better durability than normal reinforced concrete. When these structures are continuously loaded, multiply micro and macro cracks will appear. The modeling of this process is challenging because the conventional finite element modeling commonly

Based on the design concept of 'strong horizontal joint and weak vertical joint', an energy‐dissipating fabricated shear wall structure system with a steel damper is proposed. The wall limbs were connected using the damper to realize the rapid assembly and improve the seismic performance of the fabricated shear wall structure. Four fabricated shear wall specimens and one cast‐in‐place comparison specimen

Recycled aggregate (RA) acknowledge with its inferior quality due to high water absorption and lower strength which is mainly due to presence of attached adherent mortar. Concrete made with RA have lower strength and durability properties when compared with natural aggregate concrete (NAC), recorded by many previous researches in past. In order to overcome these difficulties, two‐stage mixing approach

The reduction of energy and resources consumption in the building sector is of crucial importance. One way to approach this challenge is the development of high‐performance materials to increase efficiency. In the research project “MultiLC” (Multifunctional lightweight concrete elements with inhomogeneous properties) highly efficient Infra‐Lightweight Concrete (ILC) elements with varying properties