The limitation of the crack width is of central importance for the design in the serviceability limit state. For FRP‐reinforced concrete members, the crack width has to be limited for service condition in use and not due to corrosion protection. In this paper, an experimental program of pull‐out tests and slender concrete cylinders with basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer rebars under centric tension load

Shape is an important physical property of aggregates. However, the large amount of work required to measure with precision the size of coarse aggregate and the lack of relevant tests obscure how the shape of the coarse aggregate affects the strength of concrete. In this work, granite coarse aggregate was first divided into flaky stone and massive stone by manual screening. Next, the coarse aggregate

Nowadays virtually all‐concrete construction uses reinforcement with deformations rolled or indented on the bar surface to improve bond between bar and concrete, but many older structures built with plain surface bars remain in service. The increasing need for assessment of existing construction means there is a continuing need for information on their performance. Research into plain surface bars

The fatigue of reinforcing bars—as one example of reinforcements in general— is strongly influenced by their surface properties. A lot of research in the 1960s and 1970s has led to the formulation of an analytical model that connects notch stresses to the resulting load cycles in fatigue tests. This article presents the work undertaken in a DFG (German Research Foundation) research project, in which

The large number of interfacial zones of precast and cast‐in‐place concrete weakens the durability and resistance to chloride penetration of fabricated structures. This study investigated the chloride transport behavior in the interfacial zone of precast and cast‐in‐place concrete through long‐term wet–dry cycle experiments. The two influencing factors of compressive stress and distance to the interface

The lateral confinement of stirrups can effectively restrain the unstable lateral expansion of confined concrete and improve the load capacity and the ductility of concrete. The lateral response of stirrups affects the effective confinements on confined concrete and the dilation of core concrete. However, the lateral response of confined concrete has not received enough attention. In this paper, the

The uniform‐load fire behaviors of four full‐scale integral composite beams with superposed slabs were tested, considering the post‐cast‐slab thickness, shear‐connector spacing, and precast‐slab overlap length on the steel‐beam upper flange. The concrete temperature distribution along the slab thickness, the temperature of the rebar inside the slab, the temperature distribution along the steel‐beam

Debonding issues in the externally bonded (EB) CFRP sheets (or near‐surface mounted [NSM] CFRP bars) and space requirements of edge and spacing clearances for NSM CFRP bars (or the prestressed steel wire ropes [P‐SWRs]) have limited the applications of these strengthening techniques. The combination of these techniques may overcome the drawbacks of each technique and was experimentally and analytically

This contribution is addressing the investigation on the effect of axial tension on the shear strength of reinforced concrete beam elements without stirrups. The paper presents the results of a test program of 15 beams without stirrups that differed from each other mainly by the intensity of the axial tensile force N . During the tests, cracking was measured by Digital Image Correlation technique to

This study is aimed at finding the contribution of the varied quantities (5, 10, and 15 wt%) of iron filing (IF) on the strength of silica fume (SF) blended ordinary Portland cement (OPC) paste. The paste was developed such that water/(IF + SF + OPC) ratio was maintained as 0.35 at a constant 10 wt% SF content in the binder. The early (7‐day) strength was found to be lower than the control (0% IF)

Some reinforced concrete slabs are subjected simultaneously to concentrated loads and unidirectional in‐plane tensile forces. This the case of the top slab of a box girder bridge where hogging bending moments take place at the intermediate supports. Then, the in‐plane tensile forces may reduce the punching‐shear strength under concentrated loads. This paper describes an experimental campaign carried

The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of different existing test setups for the mechanical characterization of a dimpled interface obtained by casting concrete against dimpled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane. Even though this type of interface roughening is widely used, especially for monolithic connections between precast elements, to the best of the authors' knowledge

The addition of carbon fiber can change plain concrete (PC) to a quasi‐ductile material and improve its flexural properties through sharing the tensile stress transduced from concrete matrix. However, the influence rule and its mechanism of air entrained by carbon fiber on properties of concrete with different water to cement ratios (W/C) is not clear at present. Therefore, this research aims to explore

The quality of the construction material is required to be improved to enhance the strength and performance of the structure. From the earlier days, admixture assumes a crucial job in cement to improve the basic properties. Before knowing about the admixtures, good knowledge regarding concrete is required. In this work, an endeavor was made to contemplate the conceivable outcomes of utilizing tamarind

The collaboration with architects to develop the structural scheme of a project requires an iterative conceptual design process to create a solution that responds in the best possible way to the multiple demands of the architecture. A key aspect to improve this process is for the collaboration to start as early as possible. The best scenario would be when the engineer is involved in the conversation

The compressive resistance of concrete in new structures is usually characterized on the basis of tests performed on concrete cylinders or cubes under relatively rapid loading conditions. Although efficient for material characterization, these tests do not acknowledge a number of phenomena potentially influencing the compressive resistance of concrete in actual structures. For this reason, when performing

In this paper, the relationship between production parameters of ultra high performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) and the spatial distribution and orientation of the steel fibers is investigated. UHPFRC specimens with varying fiber diameter, fiber volume fraction, and rheology of the mixture are produced. Additionally, casting is performed from the side or the middle of the formwork. Imaging

In this research, to assess the impact of aging on the fracture properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), three‐point bending tests were carried out on 260 specimens. Then, work of fracture method (WFM), size effect method (SEM), and boundary effect method (BEM) were utilized for analysis of fracture parameters. The result showed that fracture energy values for RAC were 4.2%, 7.1%, 22.7% and

This paper concerns a novel method of constructing shell structures from flat concrete plates by means of active bending. The method is described together with a series of experimental investigations. The theoretical background for this method is given in Berger et al., Actively bent concrete shells, Struct Concrete, 2020. The method makes use of the high capacity for rotation exhibited by thin concrete

The behavior of precast concrete structures at the limit states of ultimate bearing capacity depends on the shear and shear‐flexural behavior of the joints between precast components, such as shear wall and beam–column joints, or between the precast component and footing. This study presented a series of tests on the shear‐flexural behavior of precast concrete joints applied in precast structures with

High strength concrete is being widely used in construction nowadays and therefore, it is important to develop the design parameters for effective use and considerations. The Indian Standard has the equation for prediction of modulus of elasticity (MOE) but it is valid for normal strength concrete only. The modulus of elasticity is considered as a function of compressive strength of concrete and therefore

Production of ordinary Portland cement is consuming enormous energy and releases high carbon dioxide. Additionally, the use of river sand as fine aggregate has a direct effect on the erosion of river banks due to excess sand mining and hence, the use of river sand in concrete is banned in many developing countries. Hence, the assessment of concrete with blended cement and locally available alternative

This paper proposed a new lateral joint to connect precast concrete hollow‐core slabs (PCHSs) and increase their structural assembly efficiency. The main sensitive parameters are the longitudinal ribs and the number of proposed joints. Out‐of‐plane bending performance tests were conducted on four PCHSs with lateral joints (PCHS‐LJs) to study the effects of the main sensitive parameters on the mechanical

Reinforcing steel bar can exert its strength and ductility by bonding to concrete. However, corrosion of steel bars reduces the bonding effect. This study mainly investigated the coupling effects of fly ash (FA) and corrosion on bond behavior. The impressed current method was utilized to achieve the target corrosion degrees. Three crucial factors that have impact on bond behavior was considered, which

This study presents the performance of carbon textile reinforcement used as strengthening layers for reinforced concrete (RC) slabs under repeated impact loads. In order to reveal the contribution of carbon textile reinforcement to the behavior of RC slabs under impacts, five identical RC slabs with the dimensions of 1.5 m × 1.5 m × 0.20 m were manufactured and tested at the Technische Universität

In this study, the deterioration resistant of concrete with and without multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) against combined freeze–thaw cycles and sulfate attack was studied, and concretes incorporating MWCNTs (i.e., 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 wt%) as partial replacement of Portland cement were exposed to 5% sodium sulfate solution under freeze–thaw cycles. The performance, including compressive strength

Geopolymer concrete is an innovative, sustainable, cementless, and eco‐friendly concrete that directly reduces the carbon footprints due to the total replacement of the cement from the concrete. A very excessive amount of CO2 produces in the production of cement. In the experimental investigation, analysis of the mechanical properties or engineering properties of the GPC of the different molarity of

Cement mortar is an important part of building material and a typical cement matrix composite material. In current work, the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of cement mortar under static compression are studied by using the Base Force Element Method (BFEM). The static compression damage program of cement mortar is compiled grounded on the BFEM of the potential energy principle. An elastic

In nonslender members, significant vertical compressive stresses occur by the loading and support conditions. Sectional models, which ignore the beneficial effects of these vertical compressive stresses underestimate the shear strength of such members. In this study, a simple expression is derived to calculate the vertical compressive stress at mid‐depth of point‐loaded nonslender beams and shear design

In order to get the characteristics of crack formation on a concrete surface, a coupled method of industrial cameras and gray‐level co‐occurrence matrices (GLCM) is used to analyze the formation of magnesium oxychloride cement concrete surface cracks. This method requires fewer samples than the previous edge detection method, typing analysis, and artificial neural network method and can provide more

Recently it has been shown that the effectiveness factors used in the crack sliding theory are not well suited for predicting the shear strength of beams with large depths. Therefore, formulas for the effective concrete compression strength and the effective tensile strength have been reformulated by changing the size effect factor and adding a term to take into account the maximum aggregate size.

Concrete is the most popular and widely used construction material due to its relatively low cost, versatility, and adaptability. Recent past experiences show that the reinforced concrete (RC) structures deteriorating prior to the expected service life when exposing to aggressive chloride or carbonation‐induced environments. This is because of the general assumption that if the strength criteria are

The durability performance of concrete structure is intimately related to the mass transport properties for the surface layers of concrete members. However, due to several effects, such as segregation, jamming effect and so on, the quality of the surface layer for reinforced member might be obviously different from their core material and material prepared and cured in the laboratory (labcrete). This

The coupled effects of corrosion and earthquake action on bridges piers are investigated in this study. Starting from a literature review to collect existing corrosion models, a bridge overpass is selected to perform seismic analyses. It allows to assess the degrading seismic capacity of the bridge pier at different periods due to general and pitting corrosion. The selected bridge structure belongs

Two‐dimensional (2D) funicular structures can be easily generated and controlled by means of simple geometric constructions. These geometric constructions derive from reciprocal relationships between the form and force diagrams of a structure, which form the basis of graphic statics. Unlike in 2D space, in 3D space, similar geometric constructions cannot always be established for the design of three‐dimensional

The safety assessment of damaged buildings in earthquake site, which is always performed by experienced experts and is very important during the postearthquake emergency period. However, the conclusions often vary from person to person because of the limited number of experts and the differences in their knowledge, backgrounds, specific research directions, and practical field experience. Therefore

In this research, the mechanical behavior of structural concrete made with materials in Iran has been experimentally investigated after experiencing high temperatures. For this purpose, six different mix designs were selected in accordance with Iranian Concrete Standard (ABA). Six different target temperatures (25, 100, 250, 500, 700, and 900°C) were also selected for the purpose of fire experience

In this paper, the effect of calcined diatomite (CDT) content on the mechanical, microstructural, and mineralogical properties of high strength mortars (HSMs) exposed to 25, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000°C temperatures is investigated. The percentages of CDT that replace Portland cement (PC) in this work are 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%, by weight. The researched properties of the HSMs are the unit weight (U w

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is entering into structural design codes such as the new Eurocode 2. However, serviceability limit state (SLS) behavior of RAC, especially deflections, can be significantly greater than for natural aggregate concrete. Proposals for deflection control of RAC exist, but there still have not been significant studies on their implications for SLS design. In this paper

The aim of this paper is to present through a practical example, some recommendations to properly model confined concrete in three‐dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis. The example chosen is of particular interest for tunneling and structural engineers as it compromises the joints between segments of the concrete lining used with the tunnel boring machine technique. These sections are designed

This work determines the applicability of models provided by international standards to estimate the static modulus of elasticity of concretes produced with recycled coarse aggregates, identifying the influence of the compressive strength, bulk specific gravity and porosity on the static modulus of elasticity, and the relation between these parameters and the estimated modulus of elasticity. Recycled

This study continues a series of theoretical and experimental investigation of two‐layer beams (TLBs), performed by the authors. Such beams consist of normal strength concrete (NSC) layer in the tensile zone and steel fibered high strength concrete (SFHSC) in the compressed one. The present research is focused on comparison of prestressed single layer beam and three repaired prestressed two‐layer beams

The use of fibers in reinforced concrete (RC) beams mainly improves both the bearing capacity and the cracking control. In this way, positive effects on the service life of RC structures can be expected. In this paper, the fiber influence on the flexural behavior of RC beams with different longitudinal reinforcement ratios (0.5% ≤ ρs  ≤ 1.2%) is analyzed by testing small‐scale RC beams. Concretes incorporating

The quality of concrete was assessed based on measurements of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and compressive strength. Portland cement (PC) was substituted with silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA) and blast furnace slag (BFS) as mineral admixtures. The compressive strength and UPV of concrete mixtures were estimated with classifiers alongside the tree model M5P in the data mining field. The compressive

In the present study, reactive powder concrete (RPC) was investigated with three different types of single fibers that is, steel fiber (SF), glass fiber (GF), and carbon fiber (CF). Moreover, the effect of hybrid SF‐GF, GF‐CF, and CF‐SF on RPC was also investigated. In case of both single and hybrid fiber‐reinforced RPCs, a constant volume fraction of 2% fiber was used. A plain RPC was also produced

Durability and ductility of plain cement concrete (PC) can be upgraded by the simultaneous incorporation of fibers and supplementary cementitious materials. To this end, influence of different fibers such as steel fiber (SF), glass fiber (GF), carbon fiber (CF), and polypropylene fiber (PF) is studied on mechanical and durability properties of concrete with and without silica fume. Silica fume was

The present study deals with the investigation of durability properties of reinforced concrete fabricated by incorporating fiber type rubber shreds as fine aggregate in concrete and silica fume as a supplementary cementitious material. Concrete designs were produced to replace natural fine aggregate and cement by rubber shreds, and silica fume, respectively. The concrete mixes were studied for compressive

Recent attacks on a number of bridges demonstrate clear evidence of the vulnerability characterizing transportation systems to terrorist attacks. This vulnerability being further enhanced by the fact that the security measures implemented for the highway bridges are often not at par with those in place for the milestone bridges. This has necessitated studies to effectively characterize the response

The aim of this study is to develop a new eco‐friendly structural mortar for reducing the CO2 emissions inherent in the use of cement in concrete together with the extraction of the nonrenewable natural sand (NS). This clean production is achieved by fully replacing cement with glass powder (GP), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA) as industrial by‐products, and NS with glass

The calibration of most analytical models that assess the shear strength of wide reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement is based on simply supported beam tests, which may not be representative of slabs and wide members failing in shear. This paper addresses the knowledge on the shear strength of wide members, identification of their most important parameters, and an evaluation of the

Constraint forces are directly proportional to the stiffness of the system, so the size of the constraining force reduction depends on the ability of the system to reduce stiffness by the cracking of concrete, the plasticizing of reinforcement, or a time‐dependent process. Constraint forces can be differentiated in two cases: internal forces due to constraints that have the same or opposite action

P‐I diagrams are widely used for structures subjected to blast loads. In the same manner, structures subjected to vehicle impact load, such as bridge columns, could potentially take advantages of the P‐I diagram if the dynamic characteristics of vehicle impact load and bridge columns are well considered. In the paper, the performance of bridge columns and hence the use of P‐I diagram is evaluated under

Multiple cracks are extremely common in aged or partially damaged concrete structures. These cracks have a decisive influence on the safety of structures. In this study, a novel multiple‐crack‐length‐controlled method is presented for analyzing the cracking behavior of multiple cracks in concrete structures. This method introduces topological variables into the finite element calculation to identify

The knowledge on the effective long‐term behavior of large civil infrastructures, for example, bridges, is becoming highly desired by owners and concessionaires. Based on the case of the Lezíria Bridge in Portugal, one of the most comprehensive case studies available in the literature, a set of good practices to achieve reliable assessments on the long‐term behavior is outlined. Spanning the construction

The increasing demands of sustainable design and construction with economical sections, reduced cover, and more efficient time schedule require more flexibility in the design methodologies. The development of ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) have gained increasing interests as an attractive option for structural members with lightweight and superior performances. Concrete members reinforced with

Reinforced concrete structures constitute the basis of our infrastructure. Their functionality and structural safety is essential to maintain our mobility and the industrial performance of our societies. Unexpected maintenance can lead to serious economic consequences. Most industrial countries are faced with the fact that the reliability of their infrastructure has decreased over the past decades

The current study investigated the effect of geogrid reinforcement on the fatigue behavior of concrete beam specimens in terms of the development of strains at the compressive zone. The concrete beam specimens having the dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm × 550 mm were either unreinforced, reinforced with one layer of triaxial geogrid or reinforced with two layers of triaxial geogrid. The strains at the

It is well known that control specimens used to assess the concrete strength of new structures have different casting and curing conditions than those of actual structures. Notably, after pouring of the concrete and before its hardening, a number of phenomena such as concrete bleeding and plastic settlement occur, influencing the in‐situ strength with respect to that of small and homogeneous control

Struts and stress fields with transverse tension and cracks parallel to the direction of compression lead to a reduction of compressive strength in reinforced concrete structures. Biaxial tests on fine‐grained ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) and ultra‐high performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) panels additionally reinforced with steel bars show that this reduction in compressive strength

Zinc‐rich coating as a sacrificial anode provides cathodic protection for steel bars, so it can provide protection only for the steel bars for a certain period of time, and fundamentally cannot solve the problem of steel bar corrosion in magnesium oxychloride cement concrete (MOCC). However, the organic coating protects the steel by its own shielding. Therefore, organic coated reinforced MOCC (ORMOCC)