From the last few years, the use of efficient ejector in refrigeration systems has been paid a lot of attention. In this article a description of a refrigeration system that combines a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle with an ejector cooling cycle is presented. A one-dimensional mathematical model is developed using the flow governing thermodynamic equations based on a constant area ejector

For areas with hot summer and cold winter, air conditioning is an essential tool to improve the living environment, but the traditional air conditioning needs to consume a lot of energy in cooling and heating, the fan operation noise is large and the sense of blowing will be uncomfortable. This paper briefly introduced the basic structure of a ground-source heat pump-floor radiant air conditioning

Aiming at the problem that the traditional flying capacitor equalization circuit has long equilibrium time and complicated structure, based on the in-depth study of the existing capacitor equalization method, this paper proposes a bidirectional DC-DC equalization circuit topology based on switch matrix. Structure, improve circuit switch network structure, reduce the number of switches and capacitors

In the energy performance contracting (EPC) mode, the energy services company (ESCO) involved in energy efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings often faces the parallel construction of multiple tender segments and multi-professional subcontractors. The one-to-many structure for ESCO and subcontractors causes difficulties to the project quality management and directly affects the effect of energy

Thermodynamic analysis including energetic and exergetic analysis is carried out employing Engineering Equation Solver for the five modified cycles: dual expansion cycle, internal heat exchanger cycle, work recovery cycle, work recovery with internal heat exchanger cycle and vortex tube expansion cycle. Contours are developed to study the effect of gas cooler temperatures and evaporator temperatures

The University of Technology in Baghdad addresses problems related to the corrosion of metals. In the present investigation, a thiophene derivative, namely, 2-acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone (2-AT), was synthesized and examined as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a 1-M hydrochloric acid environment by using weight loss and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The inhibition efficiency

The demands of specific requirements related to thermal comforts, such as temperature, relative humidity, inside air exchange and other factors required in a hospital operating rooms, have necessitated the development of energy-efficient heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and efficient heat-recovery system using a heat-pipe heat exchanger (HPHE). The experiment was conducted by

The viscosity and flow rate as rheological characteristics are fundamental in evaluating the nanofillers in processing the polyethylene-nanotube (PE-NT) composite in injecting molding. The purpose of this investigation is to study the rheological conduct of PE-NT composite plastic feedstock through capillary rheometry. For the purpose of obtaining a flawless component, the feedstock is used as a critical

The development of a low-carbon economy is an inevitable choice for the world to coordinate industrial economic growth and environmental issues actively. At the same time, science and technology are the cornerstones for the development of a low-carbon economy. The equipment manufacturing industry (EMI) in China is known as the base of the low-carbon sector. Still, the research of coordinating industry

The ignition and explosion of coal dust are significant hazards in coal mines. In this study, the minimum ignition temperature and energy of non-stick coal dust were investigated empirically at different working conditions to identify the key factors that influence the sensitivity and characteristics of coal dust explosions. The results showed that for a given particle size, the minimum ignition temperature

In this study, the impact of social norms on farmers’ behavior of cultivated land protection and the related mechanism was investigated in terms of direct effect and mediating effect and further verified by logistic and mediation effect estimation of different organic fertilizer application behaviors. An empirical analysis of the data collected from Xiajin County of Shandong, China, revealed that (1)

The volume of Indonesian tea exports to the European Union (EU) decreased by 43% in 2014 because of the EU setting a maximum residue limit of anthraquinone (AQ) for tea as 0.02 mg/kg. The content of AQ in tea leaves increases when there is incomplete combustion in the combustion of firewood for the energy source of withering and drying of tea leaves. This study aims to develop and test a new concept

This paper investigates a novel micro-channel flat separated loop heat pipe system for cooling the information technology equipment in the data centres through theoretical and experimental analysis and by assessing the impact of the inlet water temperature on system performance. A computer model is developed to simulate the steady-state performance of the micro-channel flat separated loop heat pipe

The study on carbon emissions in packaging industry is a very important but easily overlooked field. In order to explore carbon emissions of the packaging life cycle, the wineglass is used as the packaging object to discuss the difference between carbon emissions and costs caused by two new packaging structures and a common packaging structure on the market. The measurement boundary includes raw material

The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of the latest practice on urban sustainability in China, focusing on the breakdown of city-wide overall indicators to a more controllable spatial level—i.e. individual land plots and individual buildings. We argue the importance of decomposing the indicators to smaller scales by understanding underlying principles such as indicators and their integration

Currently, there has been an obvious lack of innovation within poultry houses heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system design that deals with both energy efficiency and poultry welfare issues. This paper presents an innovative and renewable heating system for poultry house application to meet the welfare living environment requirement for breeding, to improve the energy efficiency of

Human comfort and healthy environments lie at the core of every debate about outdoor spaces nowadays. Thermal comfort is a vital concern for planners and designers in order to produce a healthy and thermally comfortable environment, since the influence of different climates and user groups has been found to greatly alter the range of responses for thermal comfort calculations. This requires Post-Occupancy

The present study focuses on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) integrated into an evacuated tube heat pipe (ETHP), whose systems are an alternative solar energy system to low-efficiency planary collectors. In this work, a detailed thermodynamic and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was conducted to evaluate the solar energy system. One of the key parameters of sustainable approaches focused on

In order to eliminate the difference of the state of charge (SOC) among parallel battery energy storage systems, an optimization method of power distribution based on available capacity is proposed in this paper. The objective function and constraints are established to realize the optimal power allocation of battery energy storage and to improve the stability of the energy storage system. The simulation

Due to the low boiling point of organic fluids, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is an effective way to improve the recovery efficiency of low-temperature waste heat. An ORC power plant was established with an actual generating capacity of 16.3 kW. As the ORC technology is in the initial stage of commercial application, a technical and economic analysis has been conducted in this paper. Through analysis

For reducing the inconsistent state of charges (SOC) of lithium-ion battery cells and making the full use of battery packs, effective battery balancing technology should be used. In order to achieve the goal of balancing any single cell in the battery pack expediently and considering the cost and the balance efficiency, a balanced circuit is proposed. By changing the action state of single-pole double-throw

The analysis of carbon footprint plays an important role in the management of tourism scenic spots. This paper first introduced the calculation method of carbon footprint and ecological efficiency value of tourism scenic spots, then analyzed the general situation of tourism scenic spots in Jiangsu province and collected the data of 2013–17 to calculate the carbon footprint and ecological efficiency

The construction of high-rise buildings has attracted human attention at the beginning of human civilizations’ formation. Presently, making tall buildings is considered as a necessary requirement due to the succeeding reasons: the population increase, the tendency to live in urban centers, the land utilization in the most populated centers of the cities, the need to decrease the cost of horizontal

The brake system of an automobile is composed of disc brake and pad which are co-working components in braking and accelerating. In the braking period, due to friction between the surface of the disc and pad, the thermal heat is generated. It should be avoided to reach elevated temperatures in disc and pad. It is focused on different disc materials that are gray cast iron and carbon ceramics, whereas

In this paper, a comprehensive technical review of liquid desiccant (LD) dehumidification and regeneration techniques is presented. The operational features, processes and performance indices of various flow configurations of adiabatic dehumidifier and regenerator are extensively covered. The heat and mass transfer assessment is presented in terms of past experimental and modelling evaluations and

At present, the environmental quality of urban regions and outdoor spaces has turn out to be one of the main issues facing both climatologists and designers, which could be identified through their research outcomes. It is argued that the urban configuration affects the micro-climate of the urban outdoor spaces. The street’s orientation form was identified as an element, which impacts the urban environment

Continuous application of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines has necessitated the need to unearth an optimal mix to enhance engine performance and mitigated emissions. This particular work employed a numerical approach to solve linear equations generated for biodiesel properties using fatty acid (FA) composition for the determination of an optimal fatty acid methyl

To reduce the efficiency reduction caused by non-uniformity of illumination, a dense-array module with non-uniform sizing of photovoltaic (PV) cells is proposed for dish-type concentrating PV systems. The non-uniform-sized dense-array module has been designed and analyzed theoretically at the ideal irradiance of Gaussian distribution, which consists of 48 silicone solar cells. Using the ZEMAX optical

This study aims to investigate the thermal properties of a phase change material (PCM) based on coconut oil for building energy storage applications. Coconut oil is classified as an organic PCM composed of fatty acids made from renewable feedstock. However, low thermal conductivity is one of the major drawbacks of organic PCMs that must be improved. Graphene could be an effective material to enhance

The battery charging process has nonlinear and hysteresis properties. PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) control is a conventional control method used in the battery charging process. The control effect is determined by the PID control parameters |${K}_p$|,|${K}_i$|and|${K}_d$|⁠. The traditional PID parameter setting method is difficult to give the appropriate parameters, which affects the

The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is a key component for smoothing fluctuation of power in micro-grids. An appropriate configuration of energy storage capacity for micro-grids can effectively improve the system economy. A new method for HESS capacity allocation in micro-grids based on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is proposed. The method proposed a power allocation strategy based

Around the world, most energy is consumed by buildings; residential buildings consume 40% of energy globally. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), buildings consume 50% of all energy, and 70% of the buildings in the KSA are not insulated well. Creating an envelope is a key to decreasing energy consumption and providing thermal comfort and healthy internal spaces. Thus, the main aim of this study is

Urbanization is a global trend determined primarily by excessive population growth, particularly in the developing countries such as Egypt. The configuration and boundaries of urbanization and their model can be observed at a distance of space and time. In this research, geographic information system and remote sensing were used to analyze urbanization and trends in the past 30 years of Mansoura City

In this paper, a novel photovoltaic/thermal system using micro-channel flat loop heat pipe (PV/T-MCFLHP) is proposed, and the thermal and electrical performance of the system is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The variations of temperatures were analysed, and the efficiency of the system was calculated under different conditions, i.e. simulated solar radiation, water flow rate and refrigerant

AbstractThis study assessed through numerical simulations, the technical feasibility of a solar-powered absorption cooling system for a small-scale application in an office building in three different cities with a tropical climate in Ecuador. The model and simulations were performed using the dynamic transient software TRNSYS and were compared and validated using experimental data obtained from a

The traditional treatment of coal-gasification wastewater produces high solvent and operation cost, secondary pollution and long processing cycle. The aim of the paper was to attempt an alternative approach of wastewater treatment in coal gasification process. With wastewater being heated and sprayed into the gasifier, water participates in the water–gas shift reaction; meanwhile, organic constituents

Prefermentation of primary solids can produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and operational strategies may affect the propionic acid content. In this study, three prefermenter phases were used to optimize VFAs using three separate strategies. The phases were (i) glycerol (biodiesel by-product) co-fermentation with primary solids, (ii) the effect of mixing energy on the co-fermentation of glycerol and

Windows are one of the significant indicators of the energy efficiency of a building and have undergone extensive research since the last decades. This paper reviews the performance of various window technologies covering the physical and optical properties of traditional windows and advanced window technologies. In window technologies, one of the most critical parameters is its thermal transmittance

With the increasing size of wind turbine blade, the aeroelastic analysis becomes an essential step in the blade design process. The scope of this paper is to investigate the static aeroelastic effects between the fluid–structure interaction and improve the blade performances. First, the rigid and flexible blades are used to analyze the effects of static aeroelasticity on the blade aerodynamic and structural

In recent years, the rapid development of coastal areas has polluted the watershed water, affecting the ecological environment of wetland scenic spots. This paper briefly introduced the constructed wetland, a means of watershed water pollution control, and briefly explained its mechanism of water pollution control. Then, an example of Yancheng Coastal Wetland Natural Reserve in Jiangsu Province was

In the era when renewable energy resources are advocated, traditional fuels still account for a dominant proportion. During coal exploitation, coal dust explosion has been one of the most common and serious disasters. Nevertheless, the generated dust can suspend in the air, further leading to a secondary explosion. However, there are limited studies focusing on the propagation characteristics of secondary

AbstractAs the fossil energy crisis and environmental pollution become more and more serious, clean renewable energy becomes the inevitable choice of energy structure adjustment. The power system planning and operation has been greatly influenced by the instability of the power output of distributed renewable energy systems such as solar energy and wind energy. The hybrid energy storage system composed

Poultry farming is one of energy intensive industries that consume large amount of energy to provide the suitable indoor environment for chicken health and production like meat and eggs. Currently, there are extensive researches and practices of applying renewable and sustainable energy technologies to poultry farming to achieve energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction. Therefore, it is

To tackle climate change and secure energy supplies, many countries invest heavily on wind energy as it is a clean source and is becoming more cost effective with the technological advancement and increased capacity per unit installed. The investigation of the availability of wind resources is an essential step of any feasibility study of a wind farm project and is vital for securing financial resources

The use of rubberized concrete (RuC) is an effective environmental approach to reduce the amount of scrap tires around the world. However, there are serious concerns regarding the compressive strength of RuC. This article investigates the use of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) jackets on RuC to develop a novel high strength and deformable CFRP confined RuC. In this study, 66

The reconfigurable equilibrium circuit can take account of the number of components and the conversion efficiency and can easily balance every single cell in the battery pack, but the voltage of the battery pack will fluctuate when the battery pack is balanced. To solve this problem, a reconfigurable equalization circuit with an additional power supply is proposed. By replacing the cell with the additional

AbstractIn the present work the carbon footprint for a material developed in the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism of the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas (UAT) constituted by argillaceous earth, aloe juice and fiber of ixtle with utility like the inner coating of walls in buildings was determined. The objective of this paper is the calculation of the contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2)

AbstractThe temperature of a photovoltaic (PV) plate increases with increasing absorbed irradiation, leading to degradation of the electrical efficiency of the PV cells. The heat can be dissipated by air or water to prevent the deterioration of the cells. In this study, a concentrating photovoltaic thermal (PV-T) dual-fluid solar collector is proposed in which two types of concentrators are integrated

The application of advanced materials in energy conservation is mostly among the urgent issues worldwide. In this context, nanosilica aerogel has received growing attention in the last decade due to its remarkably lower thermal conductivity. Aerogel panels laminated to drywall boards initiated to be used in substantially the energy sufficient buildings. Nevertheless, the greatest and most promising

In this paper, the phase change plate is made of the organic phase change material (PCM) with the phase change temperature of about 30°C. The PCM is installed in the capillary natural convection radiator with the water supply temperature of 30–60°C. A low-temperature natural convection radiator with heat storage function is formed. The mathematic model is established by enthalpy method and solved by

With the depth increasing and the improvement of mining mechanization of the coal mine, heat hazard is becoming more and more serious, the ice cooling system is gradually promoted and applied in China for recent years, but the cooling capacity and energy efficiency ratio (EER) test and analysis for such system is seldom reported. The cooling capacity and EER of the refrigerating equipment of an ice

Air conditioning is of the most energy saving potential system in the metro station. This study analyzes the composition and characteristics of air conditioning cooling load in a metro station. The hourly distribution and the proportion of each cooling load are calculated. The results show that cooling load fluctuation of metro air conditioning is large, and the operating time of different load varies

Waste heat is an environmental issue in the world. There are some technologies that can be used to recovery the waste heat, one of which is thermoacoustic cooler technology. Thermoacoustic technology can be divided into two parts: one is thermoacoustic engine and cooler. To design the cooler system having high efficiency and lower onset heating temperature, the effect of mean pressure is investigated

Global climate change has become the greatest threat to mankind, endangering the ecological security of the earth and the long-term development of human society. Therefore, how to effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and curb the trend of global warming has become a common challenge facing all countries in the world. Fossil energy combustion is the fundamental cause of climate change. In this

Cement-based materials have been widely used in bridge construction. In order to further improve their performance, this study analyzed the modification and optimization functions of nano-SiO2 materials, designed test specimens with different content of nano-SiO2 and conducted experiments on their flow performance, compression resistance, bending resistance and impermeability. The results showed that

In this paper, oblique impact of a single rain droplet on super-hydrophobic surface with randomly distributed rough structures was investigated by lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of the impact angle of the droplet as well as the skewness and kurtosis of rough surface on the bouncing ability of the droplet were in this paper. It was found that the oblique impact can effectively reduce the contact

This study presents the preparation and property characterization of biomass aerogels as sound absorption materials. Biomasses were chosen to prepare aerogels through the freeze-drying method. Results indicated that four components may have different effects on the aerogel pore structure, and the aerogel formula was thus optimized to reach the best sound absorption. Within the experimental range, biomass

Energy pile group is an important component of ground source heat pumps with foundation piles as ground heat exchangers. Among different energy piles, those with spiral pipes have a large heat exchange area between the pipe and the concrete, achieving good heat exchanging performance and wide applications. To analyze the influence of geometrical parameters (pile layout, pile spacing and pile depth)

In domestic buildings, water is generally heated by an immersion type electric water heater, equipped with a thermostat as one unit, which is fitted at the bottom of the tank. Despite these systems are driven by electric energy, which is not favorable compared to direct solar water heaters, they are still widely used due to the practicality and low installation costs.

At present, higher greenhouse gas (GHG) have triggered global efforts to reduce their level as much as possible for sustainable development. Carbon dioxide is one of the imperative anthropogenic emissions due to its increased excessive accumulation in the environment. Thus, serious attention is required to reduce the level of CO2 using advanced and efficient CO2 capture technologies. Carbon dioxide